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Saint Peter (Latin: Petrus , Italian: Pietro ; died AD 64/67),
also known as Simon Peter , was an early Christian leader, one of
the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ according to the New Testament
and Christian tradition, and the very first Bishop. Peter is
featured prominentlyin the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of
the Apostles and is venerated as a Saint and the first Pope by the
CatholicChurch, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and Oriental
Orthodoxy. The son of John or of Jonah or Jona, he was from the
villageof Bethsaida in the province of Galilee or Gaulanitis. His
brother Andrew was also an apostle. Peter is venerated in multiple
churchesand is regarded as the Catholic Church' s first pope. He is
credited with establishing the church in Antioch and presiding for
seven yearsas the leader of that city's Christian community. Either
in person or via epistle, his words reached Pontus, Galatia,
Cappadocia, AsiaMinor and Bithynia where they were received by
scattered communities of believers: Jews, Hebrew Christians and
Gentiles. Peter then
went to Rome where in the second year of Emperor Claudius
Germanicus, it is claimed, he overthrew th esorcerer Simon Magus,
waslater freed by his Guardian Angel from prison, and held the
Cathedral Chair for 25 years.
Two general epistles are ascribed to Peter. The Gospel of Mark
was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's
preaching andeyewitness memories. Several other books bearing his
name the Acts of Peter, Gospel of Peter, Preaching of Peter,
Apocalypse of Peter, and Judgment of Peter are rejected by the
Catholic Church as Apocryphal. According to New Testament accounts,
Peter wasone of twelve apostles chosen by Jesus from his first
disciples. Originally a fisherman, he was assigned a leadership
role and was withJesus during events witnessed by only a few
apostles, such as the Transfiguration. According to the New
Testament, Peter confessedJesus as the Messiah, was part of Jesus'
inner circle, walked on water, denied Jesus, and preached on the
day of Pentecost.
Peter is said to have been crucified under Emperor Nero Augustus
Caesar. It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down
athis own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in
the same way as Jesus Christ. Catholic tradition holds that
SaintPeter's site of crucifixion is located in the Clementine
Chapel, while his mortal bones and remains are contained in
theunderground Confessio of St. Peter's Basilica, where Pope Paul
VI announced the excavated discovery of a first-centuryRoman
cemetery in 1968. Every June 29 since 1736, a statue of Saint Peter
has been crowned in St. Peter's Basilica with a papaltiara, ring of
the fisherman, and papal vestments, as part of the Feast of Saints
Peter and Paul.
Cause of death:
St. Peter died by his request of being crucified upside down. He
felt himself unworthy of Jesus therefore wanting this type of
death. Catholic Church uses the inverted cross for this reason.
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