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Sayagyi Shwe Oo Daung
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12
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21
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BuD;jyif;vmrS qkd;wwfykH? tcsKdUrSmvnf; i,fpOfu tvGefqdk;wwfMu
BuD;umrSaumif; wwfykHwkdUudk vlBuD;rsm; ajymavh&SdMu\/ ESruav;rSm
BuD;jyif;vmaomtcg tvGefaumif;aomfvnf; i,fpOfurl tvGefqkd;vS\/
(uG,fvGef&SmonfrSm ESpfaygif; 30ausmfNyD/) ESruav;onf nwdkif;wGif
apmapmtdyfwwf oef;acgifausmfaom tcsdefwGif tdyfa&;0onfh
vuPmESifhwusnfusnfyl qmwwf\/ [dk[mpm;csifonf? onf[m
pm;csifonf ponfjzifh em;ylem; qmvkyfwwf rdcifu acsmhcsnfwcg
acsmufcsnfwvSnfhjzifh odyf&\/ wcgw&H jrefjreftdyf wcgw&Hvnf;
wtDtDESifh tMumBuD; idkaewwf\/ wno uREkfyfonf
22
ESruav;idkoHaMumifh Edk;vm Munfhvkdufaomtcg uav;rSm
tdrfjyifodkUa&mufae rdcifESifhzcifwkdUu tdfrftwGif; wHcg;teD;rS &yfum
]]rwdwfbl;vm;? wdwfrSzGifhay;r,f}[kajym&m uav;url ]csrf;vSygNyD?
zGifhay;yg? zGifhay;yg}[k idkvsufomajym\/ tidkrwdwfacs/ &moDum;
aqmif;Owk&moDjzpf uREfkyfudk,fwdkif apmifNcKHxJ auG;vsuf&Sd
jcif;udkrSwfrd\/ uav;uvnf;idk? rdbrsm;uvnf; wHcg;zGifhray;yJ
]]wdwfav? rwdwfbl;vm;? rcsrf;bl;vm;}[k ar;vsuf&Sd&m uREfkyfrSm
tdrfjyif ESruav;\ csrf;at;&SmvSrnfh tjzpfudk oem;vSojzifh
apmifNcKHxJ wdwfwqdwf Budwfum rsuf&nfrsm; &TJatmifidkrdonf/ rdbrsm;
tm; awmif;yefay;zkdU rqdkxm;bd uREfkyfEdk;aeonfhtjzpfudkyif rodap0HUay/
wGif om;orD;rsm;udk tvGefcspfcif wwfonf[k ,lqonfh
(,ckwkdifvnf; ,kHrSm;jcif;r&Sdyg/) trdtzrsm;tm; ESruav;tm; nSOf;qJESdyf
pufMuonf[laom txifuyfa&mufvmojzifh uREfkyfrSm pdwfxJwGif
tvGefraumif;vmyJ wwd,ql;wacsmif;aygufvm&jyefygonf/
,ckrS zGifhajymjcif;
odkU a&;om;jcif;twGufaMumifh rdbrsm;tay: uREkfyfpdwfxm;ykHudk
pmzwfolwdkUtxifvGJrnfpdk;ojzifh &Sif;vif; azmfjy&ayOD;rnf/ uREkfyfonf
txufyg tjzpftysufudk rdcif zcifwkdUtm; vnf;aumif;? uG,fvGefoltm;
vnf;aumif;? ,ck &Sdaeaom nDwa,muftm;vnf;aumif;? tjcm;olwpkH
wa,muftm;vnf;aumif; woufywfvkH; wBudrfwcg wcGef;wyg'rQ
zGifhajymjybl;jcif;r&Sdonfum;rSefygonf/ woufvkH;rajymyJjrKHxm;cJYygvsuf
,ckrS xnfha&;&jcif;rSm uREkfyf\ pdwfajymif;vJykH tjcif;t&mrsm;udk jynfhpkH
23
atmifazmfjyrnf[k azmfxkwfaMunmxm;cJUonfhtwkdif; vlUobm0udkwifjy
vkdaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ 1930 jynfhESpf yJcl;NrdKUivsifBuD;wGif uREkfyfwkdU\
tdrfom;tm;vkH;onf (rdcifvnf;ygonf) tdrfay:rS qif;ajy;Mu vrf;r
BuD;ay: av;bufaxmufolaxmuf ?0rf;vsm;arSmufolarSmuf &SdaeMu pOf
uREkfyfonf vIdif;rsm;ozG,f tvdyfvdyfxvsuf&Sdaom ajrBuD;udkjrif&
tm;ri,fpbl; i,frdonf/ tm;i,fjcif;um; tcdkiftrmqkH; [l pdwfcs
,kHMunfx;onfh [myx0DajrBuD;udk,fuuJUodkU vIyfcgaevsifigonf
tb,frSm aep&m&sdawmhtHUenf;[laom pdfwful;0ifvmjcif;amumifh jzpf\/
xkdnOfhuvnf; uREkfyfESifh ESruav;wkdUtm; cspfcifrIESifh ywfouf
vkH;0'Gd[ oHo,r&SdcJUbl;ojzifh tvkH;pkH ,kHMunftm;udk;aom rdbESpfyg;wkdU
udk,fwdkifu ESruav;tm; (uREkfyf\txift&) &ufpufpGmjyKrljcif;udk
rsufpdESifh udk,fwkdifjrif&aomtcg &ifxJqdkU cdkudk;&mrJU jzpfoGm;cJU&
ygonf/ uREkfyfajym&Jygonf/ rdbESpfyg;tay: uREkfyfpdwfemjcif;vnf;
r[kwf? pdwfqkd; jcif;vnf;r[kwf? pdwfxJ tBuD;tus,ftHUtm;oifh
]b,fhES,fygvdrfh? b,fvkdygvdrfh} tp&Sdojzifh txyfxyfar;um
pdwftm;i,frdjcif;rQom jzpfygonf/ twGufaMumifh uREkfyf\
obm0ql;wacsmif;xyf aygufvmjcif;um; trSefjzpfygonf/
pdwfwkdpjyKjcif;
aemufwaeUeHeuf uREkfyftdyf&mrS xaomtcg EGm;EdkUonf ykPm;r
a&mufaeavNyD/ rMumao;rDu uREkfyftenf;i,f rusef;rrmjzpfonfESifh
OD;av;wa,mufu MuufjzLuav;waumif ]crJ}ay;xm;&m uREkfyfonf
MuufjzLuav;udk tvGefcspf wayGUayGUwydkufydkufESifh upm;avh&Sd\/
24
rusef;rrmNyD;cgpjzpf rdbrsm;onf uREkfyftm; aeUwdkif; EGm;EdkUt0ufom
aomufapav&m ykPm;rxHrS eHeufwdkif; EGm;EdkU,l&efrSm uREkfyf\wm0efjzpf
\/ uREkfyfonf ykPm;rudkjrif EGm;EdkUxnfh&ef ZvkH,lNyD;vQif ykPm;ra&SUcs
xm; rsufESmopfpOf ykPm;ronf EGm;EdkUudk csifhxnfhNyD;aemuf xGufoGm;
\/ uREkfyfonf rsufESmopfNyD;aemuf EGm;EdkUZvkH&Sd&modkUavQmufvm&m
MuufjzLuav;onf ZvkHxJrSEGm;EdkUudk EIwfoD;jzifhESpfum aomufaeonfudk
awGU&\/ wGifuREkfyfonf Muufuav;udkzrf; ajrBuD;ay:okdU
aygufvkduf &mraoaomfvnf; qefUiifqefUiifESifh twefMumcH&&Smonf/
rdbrsm;onf uREkfyf\&ufpufaomtjyKtrludk jrifMu tHUtm;oifhum
wa,mufrsufESm udk wa,mufMunfhaeMu\/ vludkaomfvnf;aumif;?
wd&pmefudkaomf vnf;aumif; &uf&ufpufpuf jyKvkyfjcif;rSm tBudrfonf
yxrtBudrf jzpfonf[k rdcifuajym ]]Muufuav;aomufvdkU
b,favmufukefoGm; rSmvJ om;&,f}}[k qdk\/ uREkfyfjyKvkdufjcif;rSm
rdcifxifonfhtwdkif; EGm;EdkU udk ESajrmaomaMumifhayavm? ,refnOfhu
ESruav;\ jzpftifudk jrif& ojzifh pdwfwkdvsuf&SdaomaMumifhayavm/
odkUwnf;r[kwf xdktaMumif;ESpf &yfaygif;pyfjcif;aMumifhayavm rajymEdkif
atmif&Sdygonf/
rJtdk;wef;&yfuGuf
uREkfyfwkdUonf xdktcsdef rEav;NrdKU oif;csKdif;awmf wHwm;ajrmuf
buf a&Twacsmif;eHab;&Sd rJtkd;wef;&yfuGuf aexdkifvsuf&Sd&m
zcif\tvkyfrSm ydef;wef; zdeyfaxmifq&mjzpf tvkyform;av;ig;a,muf
&Sdavonf/ xdk&yfuGufom;rsm;rlum; csnfMurf;udk rJe,fqdk;aomtvkyfjzifh
25
toufarG;Mu 4if;&yfuGufrSmvnf; rJUtdk;wef;[k ac:wGifjcif;jzpfavonf/
a&Twacsmif; urf;yg;wGif tvkyform;toD;oD;onf 0rf;bJOtkd;BuD;ESpfvkH;\
tv,frS xdkifvsuf vufrsm;jzifharTum rJe,fqdk;jcif;tvkyfudk woDwwef;
BuD; vkyfMuonfrSm (uREkfyfwkdU uav;oli,frsm;tzkdU) aysmfp&mBuD;[k
xifcJUrdonf/ (rMumao;rDu 4if;&yfuGufodkU tvGrf;ajy oGm;Munfh&m
a&S;u rJtdk;wef;ESifhrwlawmhyJ rJe,fqkd;aomtvkyfudkvnf; wOD;wa,muf
rQ vkyfudkifonfudk rawGUcJU&ay/)
&yfuGufuav;\ xl;jcm;csufwckudk azmfjy&ayOD;rnf/ rEav;
NrdKUBuD; awm&Gmrsm;rS ajymif;a&TUvmMuonfh tdrfaxmifonfrsm; onf
olU&GmESifh olUtpk OruGJ odkufrysuf aygif;pkaexdkifavh&SdMuav&m
tcsKdUaomt&yfrsm;ESifh ]0if;}rsm;rSm 4if;wkdUaexdkifcJUonfh rlv&Gmtrnfrsm;
jzifhyif rSnfhac:Muavonf/ Oyrm-&GmomrS ajymif;vma&TUvmaom
vlrsm;aMumifh ]&Gmomwef;}[l vnf;aumif;? acgawm&GmrS ajymif;a&TUvm
Muaom olrsm;aMumifh ]acgawm0if;}[lvnf;aumif; rSnfhac:Muavonf/
rJtdk;wef;&yfuGufrSmrl tvkyftudkifudk tpJGjyK rSnfhac:Mujcif;
jzpfaomfvnf; 4if;t&yfol t&yfom;rsm;rlum; tm;vkH;vkdyif rkH&Gme,f
urf;jzL&GmrSjzpfMu avonf/ uREkfyfwkdUrSmrl zcif\ESrwa,mufu
4if;t&yfom;ESifh tdrfaxmif usonfESifh tdrf&m0,fNyD; "m;wef;rS
ajymif;a&TUvmMujcif;jzpfavonf/ &yfuGufol &yfuGufom;rsm;\
xl;jcm;csufwckrSm rEav;NrdKUBuD;wGif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aexdkifcJUMuNyD;
jzpfaomfvnf; 0wfykHpm;ykH? ajymykHqdkykH? aeykH xdkifykH tvkH;pkHrSm
rEav;NrdKUolNrdKUom;ESifh vkH;0rwl? rwlwjcm; &Sdaejcif;yif jzpfonf/
waeUo uREkfyfonf uREkfyfwkdU\aetdrfESifh ESpftdrfjcm;&Sdaom
26
]t&D;}\aetdrfodkU oGm;vnf jyefvmaomtcg rdcifu ]]ighom;bmrsm;
auR;vkdufovJ[JU}}[k ar;&m? uREkfyfu ]]bdk;bdk;bwfowf[if; pm;cJU&
w,ftar}}[k jyefajymojzifh rdcifrSm [uf[ufyufyuf&,farmavonf/
(4if;t&yf trJ0rf;wGif;o;udk ]]bkd;odk;bwfowf}}[k ac:onf/) wGif
rdcifuzciftm; ]]'Dt&yfrSm MumMumaevdkU rjzpfygbl; udk&if? uav;awG
urf;jzLpum; ajymukefMuawmhrSmyJ}}[k ajymavonf/
atmufjynfqif;Mujcif;
waeUo uREkfyf\zcifonf yJcl;NrdKUe,f wm0blwm usKdufy'dkif&Gm&Sd
ol\baxG;wa,mufxHrS pmwapmif&&Sd\/ (4if;baxG;rSm rdcif\Zmwdjzpf
onfha&Tbdke,f refusnf;wkH&GmrS ajymif;a&TUoGm;oljzpf\/ refusnf;wkH&GmrSm
vnf; vuf0JokE&aMumifh acwfwGif vlodrsm;aom &Gmuav;jzpfonf/)
4if;pm atmufjynfatmuf&GmwGif a&Txnf vuf0wfvufpm;rsm; a&mif;cs
aumif;vSaomaMumifh tjrwftpGef; &EdkifaMumif;? rdrduyif ulnD
a&mif;csay;rnfhtaMumif; yg&Sdavonf/ xdktcsdefydef;wef; zdeyftvkyfrSm
cyfyg;yg;&Sdaom &moDjzpfav&m rdbrsm;onf &SdpkrJUpkuav;rsm;udk xkcGJ
a&Txnfvuf0wfvufpm;rsm; 0,f,lum om;trd om;tz av;a,muf
atmufjynfodkUqif;oGm;Mu\/usKdufy'dkif&GmokdU a&mufMuaomtcg aygifwGif
]uRJtom;rmem} ayguf rxEdkifyJ&Sd&m 4if;\baxG;u vuf0wfvufpm;
rsm;udk a&mif;csay;&efwm0ef,lrnfqdk tyfvdkuf&\/ ]uRJtom;rmem}
qkdonfrSm tvGefqkd; aowwfonf[k ajymMu\/ baxG;\ om;ESpf
a,mufwkdUonf uREkfyfwkdUarmifESrudk tvGef ]usDpm;}oefMu ESruav;
tm;wa,mufu ypfay;vdkuf? wa,mufuzrf;vdkuf jyKvkyfMu&mwGif
27
rdcifrSm tonf;zdkvSonfESifh uefUuGufaomfvnf; olwkdUnDtpfudkESpfa,muf
u ]]udpr&Sdygbl; trBuD;&,f? roum ao&kHayghAsm}}[k ajymMuavonf/
uREkfyftm;vnf; xkdenf;wljyKMuao;&m uREkfyfu vufudkudkufvdkufojzifh
]]acG;uav;ygvm;[}}[k qkdum em;o,fudktykwfcH&ao;onf/ tawm
wGif;zcifrSmvnf; aornf&Sifrnfrodaom tajctae &Sdae&m uREkfyfrSm
rdcif\'kursm;udkjrif& uREkfyf\obm0wGif ql;wacsmif;aygufvmcJU
jyefavNyD/ rdcifrSm uREkfyfodorQ woufvkH;wGif b,ftcgrS avQmhbl;onf
r&Sd? wBudrfrl tcsKdUrdef;rrsm;uJUodkUrsuf&nfusjcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; rsufESm
wck vkH; wrsKd;jzpf BudwfcH&&Smonf/
uREkfyfwkdU a&mif;cs&ef ygvmaoma&Txnfrsm;rSm a&mufuwnf;u
baxG;(uREkfyf\bkd;av;) vuf0,fodkU tyfvkdufav&m bdk;av;onfol\vl
rsm;udk [dk&Gm onf&Gmrsm;okdU vSnfhvnfa&mif;csap\/ waeUo ypnf;rsm;
ESifhvTwfvdkufaom bkd;av;\a,mufzwa,mufonf vufarmif;wGif"m;
ESifhxkd;aom'Pf&mESifh jyefvm ypnf;tm;vkH;udk vk,ljcif;cH&aMumif;
ajymavonf/ rdbrsm;rSm&SdpkrJUpkuav;udk tm;vkH;xkcJG &if;ESD;vmcJUjcif;jzpf
aomaMumifh zcifrSm temaysmufcgeD;wGifrS pdwfxdcdkuf tzsm;BuD; zsm;vm
&&Smjyefonf/ rdcifrlum; pdwfwif;oljzpf orD;uav;udk ajrSmufupm;pOf
uavmufrQ rsufESmysufonf[k uREkfyfrxifay/ (ypnf;rsm; vk,ljcif;cH&
onfqdkjcif;rSm vnfq,fjcif;rQom jzpfonf[k aemufydkif;wGif Mum;od&\/
rdcif zcifrsm;rSm tvGef ]&dk;}olrsm;jzpf 4if;wkdU\ woufwmwGif
okH;Budrfwkdifwdkif eifhvSatmif vlvdrfcH&jcif;udk uREkfyfrSwfrdonf/) ypnf;rsm;
ajymifonfhaemuf bkd;av;vifr,m;onf uREkfyfwkdUom;tz av;a,muf
tm; auR;xm;&jcif;twGuf 0efav;aomaMumifhayavm? udk,fhwludk
udk,fvdrf&jcif;twGuf rsufESmylaomaMumifhayavm rqkdEdkif/ uREkfyfwkdUtay:
28
wGif rsufESmxm;wrsKd;jyifvmjcif;udk uREkfyfyifod\/ rdbrsm;rSmrlum;
qdkzG,f&mr&Sdacs/ rEav;odkUjyef&eftwGuf p&dwftenf;i,f&Sdaomfvnf;
zcif\ rusef;rmjcif;twGufaMumifh tcufBuD;BuKHaeMu&onf/
tawmtwGif; bkd;av;\om;ESpfa,mufu uREkfyfwkdUarmifESrtm;
usD;pm;vkdufMuonfrsm;rSm ,cifuxufyif rdcifu "m;ESifhckwfrnf BuHpnf
rdaMumif;ESifh aemifwGif uREkfyftm;ajymjybl;onf/ aemufqkH; rdcifzcifwdkU
pDpOfMuonfrSm temaumif;pGmrusufrcsif; zcifae&pfuREkfyfwkdUom;trd
okH;a,muf rEav;odkU jyefESifhMu&efjzpfavonf/ cGJcgeD; rdcifonf vlpk
vufrSvGwfayNyD[k atmufarhaomaMumifhayavmrqdkEdkif? rsufESmnId;i,f
jcif;r&SdvSaomfvnf; zcifrlum;idk&Smavonf/ usKdufy'dkif&GmrS wm0blwm&kH
odkU om;trdokH;a,muf vSnf;ESifh xGufvmMu&mwGif (rnfolrQ vdkufrydkU
Mu? zcifvnf; rydkUEdkif&Smacs) vrf;c&D; vSnf;ay:rl rdcifonf
rsuf&nfwcg ESpfcg0dkif;vmjcif;udk uREkfyfjrif&onf/ okdUaomf okwfodrf;
avmufatmifum; r[kwf? jyef&Iyf,lvkduf[efwlonf/ uREkfyfonf
rdcif\pdwfudkod[efESifh rjrifcsifjyK rdcif\&ifcGifxuf ayGUxm;onfh
ESruav;udk uREkfyf\&ifcGif ay:odkU a&GU,lvkdufonf/ rdcifonf uREkfyf\
tjyKtrludk oabmusonfESifh woufvkH;ajym rqkH;atmif&Sdav&m
uREkfyfvnf; tm;&MunfEl;vSonf/
jyefvmMujcif;
wm0blwm&kHokdUa&mufMu vufrSwf0,f&mwGif rdcifonf vlBuD;
twGuf vufrSwfwapmifom0,f uREkfyftwGuf uav;vufrSwf r0,f
awmhacs/ tvmc&D; uREkfyftwGuf 0,fygvsuf tjyefc&D; r0,fjcif; rSm
29
ydkufqHenf;yg;aomaMumifh[k uREkfyfod&\/ okdU&mwGif blwm&kHrS rD;&xm;
tvkyform;wa,mufESifh em;vnfrI,lxm;onf[k aemifwGif rdcifu
ajymod&\/ rD;&xm;qdkufcgeD;wGif blwm&kH0 apmifhvsuf&Sdaom vufrSwf
ppfESifhvJGap&ef rdcifonf uREkfyftm; rD;&xm;tvkyform;\
vufodkUtyfvdkuf\/tpDtpOftaMumif;udk bmrQ em;rvnfaomuREkfyfrSm
xdkvlESifh twlvdkufoGm; blwm&kH\tjyifodkU a&mufcJUNyD;aomfvnf;
w&yfwaus; wGif vlpdrf;wa,mufESifh Mum&SnfpGmae&jcif;udk&GHUonfESifh
tjyifodkUa&mufNyD; umrS rdcif&Sd&modkU jyefvm\/ rdcifurl uREkfyf\
OD;acgif;udk acgufjyefoGm; ckdif;ojzifh xGufvmjyef\/ aemufwBudrf
jyefoGm;&m cyfemem acgufvTwf vdkufjyef\/ wwd,tBudrfrlum; rdcif
emBuD;pGm acgufvTwfvkdufav&m uREkfyfrSm OD;acgif;udkyGwfowf&if;
udk,fhrdcifxHodkU udk,foGm;rdjcif;twGuf tacgufcH&onfrSm em;rvnfEdkif
atmif jzpf ]b,fhES,f[mygvdrfh? b,fvkdygvdrfh} ponfjzifh tBuD;tus,f
pdwf&Ijcif;aMumifh uREkfyf\obm0 ql;wacsmif;aygufvmcJUjyefavNyD/
taMumif;udk BuD;jyif;vmaomtcg rdciftm; uREkfyfuajymjy&mwGif
rdcifrSm rsuf&nfrsm; 0dkif;vmonfhtxJrS &,farmvsuf ]]ighom;ES,f
rSwfrdvdkufwmygvm;uG,f? tarvJpdwf&IyfvGef; vdkUa[h}}[kajymojzifh
uREkfyfuvnf; ]]uRefawmfutarhudkpdwfremygbl;? avmuBuD;[mw,fNyD;
*Gusyguvm;vdkU pdwf&IyfrdwmygyJtar&JU}}[k ajym&bl;avonf/
30
zcifa&mufvmjcif;
rEav;odkU uREkfyfwkdU om;trdokH;a,mufjyefa&muf (rdcif\pum;
t&) wvwdwd jynfhaomaeU zcifjyefa&mufvmojzifh tvGef0rf;omMu
av&m? 0rf;tomqkH; vlrSm zcifjzpf 0rf;omrItenf;qkH;rSm uREkfyfyifjzpf
avonf/ zcif\0rf;omjcif;udk em;vnfEdkifMurnf jzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyf\
0rf;omrIenf;yg;ykHudk &Sif;jyzdkU vkdayvdrfhrnf/
tcsKdUaom rdcifrsm;onf pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& usqif;aom
tcgrsm;wGif om;orD;rsm;tay:MuifemrI avsmhyg;ouJUodkU aigufvm;?
irf;vm;? &dkufvm;? ESufvm; jyKwwfMuav&m zcifjyefra&mufrD uREkfyfwkdU
om;trdokH;a,mufonf tnHHUqHk;aom [if;rsm;udkom pm;Mu&aomfvnf;
rdcifonf uREkfyfwkdUarmifESrtay:a&S;uxuf ydkMuifemonf/ rkefUyJom;
a&pmponfrsm;udkvnf;awmif;wdkif; 0,fauR;onf/ xdkUxuf ta&;BuD;onf
rSmum; uREkfyftm;vnf; ([dkaumifESifh aygif;jcif;rSwyg;) vGwfvyfjcif;
ay;xm; t&yfxJwGif vnfcsifwkdif;vnfywfcGifh&onf/ oDv&Sifausmif;
rSvnf; EkwfvdkufNyDjzpf uREkfyfrSwfrdorQ uav;b0wGif taysmfqkH;aom
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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39
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40
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41
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42
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46
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49
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52
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55
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56
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57
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58
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59
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60
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61
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62
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63
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64
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