Scholarly communication

学术交流的理论与实践及其对大学图书馆的影响

Jian Qin 秦健School of Information Studies

Syracuse UniversitySyracuse, NY, USA

2 Shanghai Univeristy -- 2010年 12月25日

Research Library Issues, February 2009, http://www.arl.org//bm~doc/rli-262-univ.pdf

“Faculty research and scholarship represent invaluable intellectual capital, but the value of that capital lies in its effective dissemination to present and future audiences.”

“教师的研究和学术成果是无价的知识资源，但是这个资源的价值在于对它向现在和将来读者的有效传播。”

http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/rli-262-univ.pdf

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学术交流Scholarly communication

知识的创建、转化、传播以及保存：

教学 (the promotion and transmission of knowledge)

科研 (the creation of new knowledge)

Shanghai Univeristy -- 2010年 12月25日

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学术交流的过程


进行研究、开发思路、与其他科研人员进行非正式交流的过程

准备、形成、并与同行进行交流，其结果将成为正式研究成果出版的过程

最终的正式成果将向图书馆和其它渠道传播

Thorin, Suzanne E. (2003). Global changes in scholarly communication. Presented at e-Workshops on Scholarly Communication in the Digital Era, August 11-24, 2003. Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan. www.arl.org/bm~doc/thorin.pdf

http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/thorin.pdf

学术交流的研究领域

Shanghai Univeristy -- 2010年12月 25日

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学术交流

过程

传播

影响

政策正式交流非正式交流

科研过程价值与实践

知识方面社会、经济方面技术方面

公众获取经费

过程：了解学术交流的特点


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Virtual community

Collaboration

PublishingInformation searching

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传播：了解学术交流的方式和渠道


正式交流：由出版社出版的刊物以及会议论文期刊图书会议论文集

非正式交流： Hallway talks, face-to-Face (f2f) meetings Email, etc. personal communication Social media

Grey areas: Technical reports, white papers, guidelines,

manuals, etc. Web publications: blogs, institutional, project,

and personal websites

Formulate idea

Search info

Collect data

Analyze data

Write paper

Review and revise

Publish paper

影响： SC对社会、经济、知识的影响


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Measurable: Knowledge diffusion by

geographical region, discipline, and time

Technology transfer: patents, licenses

Time saved Cost saved

Difficult to measure: Benefits to society Skills improved Conditions improved …

Economic: • Cost saved• Time saved

Technology:• Patents approved • Licenses signed

Intellectual:• Citations received

Benefits:• Conditions improved• Quality of life improved• Learning improved

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学术交流实践的主要方面


Copyright and intellectual property Diversity E-Science Leadership development Legislation and appropriations New models of scholarly communication Preservation Special collections Statistics and assessment

来源： http://www.arl.org/issues/index.shtml

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Key issues in scholarly communication

Copyright and intellectual property Diversity E-Science Leadership development Legislation and appropriations New models of publishing Preservation Special collections Statistics and assessment


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E-Science “In the future, e-Science will refer to the large scale

science that will increasingly be carried out through distributed global collaborations enabled by the Internet.”

特点• 大规模科学• 以网络为支持的分散的、全球范围的合作• 庞大的数据集合• 大规模计算资源• 高绩效与可视化

National e-Science Center. (2008). Defining e-Science. http://www.nesc.ac.uk/nesc/define.html


http://www.nesc.ac.uk/nesc/define.html

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Key areas of eScience

数据与信息的创建 Preservation and curation Search and navigation Virtual research communities网络、计算、与数据存储 AAA (authentication, authorisation and accounting),

middleware and DRM (digital rights management)


National e-Science Centre. (2004). Developing the UK’s e-infrastructure for science and innovation. http://www.nesc.ac.uk/documents/OSI/report.pdf

http://www.nesc.ac.uk/documents/OSI/report.pdf

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图书馆的资源环境和用户环境


Dempsey, L. (2006). The (digital) library environment: Ten years after. ARIADNE, issue 46, February. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue46/dempsey/intro.html

http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue46/dempsey/intro.html

http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue46/dempsey/intro.html

如何满足 SC在新环境下的需要？

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影响公共政策

• 版权与知识产权政策

• 公共获取政策

• 网络通讯政策

• 隐私、安全与公民自由

重新塑造为学术交流的服务

• 新模式• 著者权利• 市场• 培训馆员如何开展学术交流服务

研究图书馆转型

• 计划与前瞻• 深入用户• 推动eScience发展

• 研究馆藏的新作用

• 合作的新模式

Source: http://www.arl.org/strategic/index.shtml

http://www.arl.org/strategic/index.shtml

Proactive services


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Challenges: Data is neither owned nor stored in the library Scientists are not aware that librarians can help

Opportunities: Help research teams assess needs for data and information

(D&I) management Design D&I management plans including metadata applications

for science teams and collections Help implement the plans Manage ongoing changes in D&I management Provide science data literacy training for future science

workforce

Examples of proactive science librarianship Create metadata for digital D&I

repositories Provide search and browse

services Consult for D&I management

projects Train students and faculty in

data management and publishing

Develop guidelines for data management and publishing

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http://datastar.mannlib.cornell.edu/

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Collaboration


Institution

Financial and policy support

Community

User requirement

s

Science domain

Data content idiosyncrasie

s

Institutional

repository

Community repository

National repository

International repository

Evolving and interconnecting –

Science

librarian

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.shambhalainstitute.org/Fieldnotes/Issue11/community.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.shambhalainstitute.org/Fieldnotes/Issue11/index.html&h=503&w=497&sz=56&hl=en&start=4&sig2=mEjWnhSRovDJz21I-gqkxQ&usg=__zoPZ6H2HXGsN0gbjMrvmA2HgWxQ=&tbnid=ONSRYgXB9pdb4M:&tbnh=130&tbnw=128&ei=eHzRSIKVD6DEeYKfgZwE&prev=/images?q=community+people&gbv=2&hl=en&newwindow=1




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lyon.k12.ky.us/Instruction/CurriculumMaps/scienceclip.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.lyon.k12.ky.us/Instruction/MSCurrMap.htm&h=257&w=219&sz=6&hl=en&start=13&sig2=rxqSWU1gwsxa6q9tq_iAyg&usg=__7veW2n-7BBg9R_G-ZhfD_M8SKyY=&tbnid=Yve6aUPBiZ4TwM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=95&ei=EHzRSN_3CYfOedqQmKIE&prev=/images?q=science+clipart&gbv=2&ndsp=18&hl=en&newwindow=1&sa=X




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Learning about science data


Data collection

s

What format

?Some format has self-descriptive metadata and can be extracted by computer program

Which processing level?

Documentation (user guide, readme, etc.) may contain lineage information. Also help determine whether a metadata record should be created for what scope of the data

“little science,” “big

science”

“Little science” data is more likely to be the research collection type while “big science” data tends to be the resource or reference collection type.

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Key issues in scholarly communication

Copyright and intellectual property Diversity E-Science Leadership development Legislation and appropriations New models of scholarly communication Preservation Special collections Statistics and assessment


20 Shanghai Univeristy -- 2010年 12月25日

New models of scholarly

communication

Dissemination systems Publications

Publishing practices

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Public Access Policies Promote barrier-free access to the scholarly

resources


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New model publications


Source: http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/current-models-report.pdf

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Digital repositories Important structure for disseminating and curating a

wide range of digital works Managed by libraries Collect locally authored and locally produced works

Some content is born digital Pre-publication versions of works Files resulted from scanning or other reformatting

activities Comply with Open Archive Initiative (OAI) protocols



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Digital repositories as a form of open access

Shanghai Univeristy -- 2010年 12月 25日

Permanently capture the scholarly output of an institution: conference papers, pre-prints, datasets, technical reports, etc.

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值得关注的问题


开放获取政策的新变化美国家卫生机构的新呈交政策

白宫在向公众征求关于开放获取科学研究论文的意见

NSF将对未来项目申请报告增加数据管理的要求

• 对图书馆的影响？• 对用户的影响？• 图书馆的定位是什么？图书馆能做什么？

• 图书馆如何帮助教师科研人员来应对这些政策上的变化？

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结语


学术交流既是一个理论也是实践性很强的领域变化快、知识强度大

学术产出的发现和利用仍然面临巨大挑战：海量、多种形式的学术产出大量的独立系统技术的集约使用新老学术交流模式之间的 Gap

新的模式意味着新的服务，新的要求

Documents

Scholarly communication