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10 000 a. l.
1 miliardo a. l.
The Big Bang Model
Higgs
Boson
Zbosone
Wbosone
gfotone
ggluone
ttau
ntt-neutrino
bbottom
ttop
mmuone
nmm-neutrino
sstrange
ccharm
eelettrone
nee-neutrino
ddown
upu
Lepto
ns
Quark
sFermions Bosons
F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002
7 big questions in modern physics:
– what happened to antimatter?
– black holes – what happens inside?
– what are the dark matter and dark energy?
– Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution?
– the neutron stars structure – is there place for
strangeness inside?
– is there one or are they more Universes?
– do aliens exist?
F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002
7 big questions in modern physics:
– what happened to antimatter?
– black holes – what happens inside?
– what are the dark matter and dark energy?
– Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution?
– the neutron stars structure – is there place for
strangeness inside?
– is there one or are they more Universes?
– do aliens exist?
La storia dell’Universo
10-6 sec. Matter –
antimatter
annihilation
CP violation (CPT)
Assymetry between “laws of matter
and laws of antimatter” e
KLOE at DAFNE
LHCb at LHC-CERN
.....
NAUTILUS
ATLAS
Auditorium
ADA e ADONE
OPERA
DAFNE
Centro di
Calcolo
FISA
BTFDAFNE-L
FINUDA
DEAR
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, info:
http://www.lnf.infn.it/sis/
KLOE
Large Hadron Collider
LHCb
F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002
7 big questions in modern physics:
– what happened to antimatter?
– black holes – what happens inside?
– what are the dark matter and dark energy?
– Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution?
– the neutron stars structure – is there place for
strangeness inside?
– is there one or are they more Universes?
– do aliens exist?
Relativita’ generale
La materia dice allo spazio come
curvarsi, lo spazio dice alla materia
come muoversi.
Relativita’ generale
1919 – conferna relativita’ generale: Sir
Arthur Eddington (foto durante eclissi...)
Credit: Adam Apollo
Hawking radiation (quantum
effect)
Lanciarsi in un buco nero?
F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002
7 big questions in modern physics:
– what happened to antimatter?
– black holes – what happens inside?
– what are the dark matter and dark energy?
– Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution?
– the neutron stars structure – is there place for
strangeness inside?
– is there one or are they more Universes?
– do aliens exist?
10 000 a. l.
1 miliardo a. l.
Dark Energy
73%
Dark Matter
23%
“Normal Matter”
4%
Relativita’ generale
La materia dice allo spazio come
curvarsi, lo spazio dice alla materia
come muoversi.
F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002
7 big questions in modern physics:
– what happened to antimatter?
– black holes – what happens inside?
– what are the dark matter and dark energy?
– Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution?
– the neutron stars structure – is there place for
strangeness inside?
– is there one or are they more Universes?
– do aliens exist?
The Standard Model
The Standard Model
Neutron stars
EXERCISE: How much is the weight of a milk-shake made of collapsed matter?
Pesa 100 Miliardi di Tonnellate !!!
Le pulsar sono oggetti con queste densità con 20 km di raggio che possono
compiere decine e centinaia di giri al secondo su loro stesse
Anche la velocità è un parametro da cui dipende l’emissione
DAΦNE, since 1998
SIDDHARTASIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications
The strong int. width > Radiative trans. width
Formazione di un atomo esotico
(atomo kaonico)
K-
e-
Auger
Electron
Nucleus
2) Cascade
1) Initial capture
3) Strong interaction
stopped in a target medium
4) Absorption
K- X-ray
Shift and Width
of last orbite.g.
• 1s for K-p, K-d
• 2p for K-He
highly-excited state
deexcite
n ~ sqrt(M*/me) n’ ~ 25 (for K-p)(M* : K-p reduced mass)
K-
1 cm2 x 144 SDDs
54
xy
z
SIDDHARTA overview
510 MeV/c
510 MeV/c127 MeV/c
Δp/p=0.1%
Target
)
Kaonic hydrogen
Hydrogen
spectrum
Kα Kβ higher
Background estimation
KO76 KN65Cu
Ti Kα
Ti Kβ
KC65
KC75KO65
KC54
KAl87
EM valueK-p Kα
simultaneous
fit
Deuterium
spectrum
F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002
7 big questions in modern physics:
– what happened to antimatter?
– black holes – what happens inside?
– what are the dark matter and dark energy?
– Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution?
– the neutron stars structure – is there place for
strangeness inside?
– how many Universes do exist?
– do aliens exist?
More Universes with different physics
Level II Multiverse Theory
• An expansion of the Level I theory
• Called “Chaotic Eternal Inflation”
• States that there is an infinite number of Level I multiverses with their own physical constants, meaning an infinite number of universes, each containing an infinite number of “universes” similar to ours (Hubble Volumes).
• These universes have different physical constants, dimensions, and particles.
Many-world from QM
Il gatto di Schrodinger
Il gatto di Schrodinger
MQ: Il gatto e’ 50% vivo e 50% morto!
Il gatto di Schrodinger
Tutta una serie di interpretazioni della meccanica quantistica:
-De Broglie – Bohm
- Many-World Interpretations
-Collasso della funzione d’onda
-.....
F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002
7 big questions in modern physics:
– what happened to antimatter?
– black holes – what happens inside?
– what are the dark matter and dark energy?
– Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution?
– the neutron stars structure – is there place for
strangeness inside?
– how many Universes do exist?
– do aliens exist?
Fermi paradox
Where are they if they exist, why are they not
here?
They are here
-UFO
Pioneer 10 (17-10-70) e 11
C.
Sagan &
F. Drake
What about the inforrmation?
Hawking & Preskill (the bet)
Holographic principle
The black holes war
Maldacena
Dual theories
Maldacena
Black hole war
Hawking lost the bet
We need
quantum gravity!
Scorciatoie spazio-temporali
