SD02 Introduction SDBMS

ITM 625 – [02] SDBMS IntroITM 625 – [02] SDBMS Intro 11

IntroductionIntroductiontoto

Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS

Dr. Gatot H. Pramono

[email protected]


ObjectivesObjectives

To understand the following concepts:To understand the following concepts:1.1.The relation between GIS & SDBMSThe relation between GIS & SDBMS2.2.Components of SDBMSComponents of SDBMS3.3.3 layer architecture3 layer architecture4.4.Theme algebraTheme algebra5.5.Pros & Cons of relational DBPros & Cons of relational DB6.6.Loosely coupled SDBMSLoosely coupled SDBMS7.7.Integrated SDBMSIntegrated SDBMS


Spatial QueriesSpatial QueriesArmy Field CommanderArmy Field Commander: Has there been any : Has there been any significant enemy troop movement?significant enemy troop movement?Insurance Risk ManagerInsurance Risk Manager: Which homes are most : Which homes are most likely to be affected in the next great flood?likely to be affected in the next great flood?Medical DoctorMedical Doctor: Based on this patient's MRI, have : Based on this patient's MRI, have we treated somebody with a similar condition?we treated somebody with a similar condition?Molecular BiologistMolecular Biologist: Is the topology of the amino : Is the topology of the amino acid biosynthesis gene in the genome found in any acid biosynthesis gene in the genome found in any other sequence feature map in the database ?other sequence feature map in the database ?AstronomerAstronomer: Find all blue galaxies within 2 arcmin : Find all blue galaxies within 2 arcmin of quasars. of quasars.


GISGIS

Principle technology motivating interest Principle technology motivating interest in SDBMSin SDBMSThe client for SDBMS The client for SDBMS GIS uses SDBMS to store, search, query, GIS uses SDBMS to store, search, query, share large spatial data setsshare large spatial data setsCharacterized by a rich set of Characterized by a rich set of geographic analysis functionsgeographic analysis functions


GIS – AnalysisGIS – Analysis

SearchSearch Thematic search, search region, (re-)classificationThematic search, search region, (re-)classification

Location analysisLocation analysis Buffer, corridor, overlayBuffer, corridor, overlay

Terrain analysisTerrain analysis Slope/aspect, catchment, drainage Slope/aspect, catchment, drainage networknetwork

Flow analysisFlow analysis Connectivity, shortest pathConnectivity, shortest path

DistributionDistribution Change detection, proximity, nearest Change detection, proximity, nearest neighborneighbor

Spatial analysis/StatisticsSpatial analysis/Statistics Pattern, centrality, Pattern, centrality, autocorrelation, indices of similarity, topologyautocorrelation, indices of similarity, topology

MeasurementsMeasurements Distance, perimeter, shape, Distance, perimeter, shape, adjacency, directionadjacency, direction


GIS – AnalysisGIS – AnalysisMeasuring Measuring the volume the volume of hot mud of hot mud flow in flow in Porong, Porong, East JavaEast Java


BackgroundBackground

Large amount of spatial data: Large amount of spatial data: EOS (NASA) satellites: 1 terabyte/dayEOS (NASA) satellites: 1 terabyte/dayHigh resolution data used in High resolution data used in GoogleEarthGoogleEarthCensus dataCensus dataWeather and climate dataWeather and climate dataRivers, farms, ecological impactRivers, farms, ecological impactMedical imagingMedical imaging


DBMS EnvironmentDBMS Environment

Dataindependence


DBMS DBMS SDBMS SDBMSTraditional (non-spatial) database management Traditional (non-spatial) database management

systems provide:systems provide:Persistence across failuresPersistence across failuresAllows concurrent access to dataAllows concurrent access to dataScalability to search on very large datasetsScalability to search on very large datasetsEfficient for non-spatial, not for spatial Efficient for non-spatial, not for spatial queriesqueries

Non spatial queries:List 5 biggest hospitals in a city

Spatial queries:List all hospitals near to the racing circuit


SDBMS - DefinitionSDBMS - Definition

An SDBMS is a software module thatAn SDBMS is a software module thatcan work with an underlying DBMScan work with an underlying DBMScan handle large amount of spatial can handle large amount of spatial datadataworks with an underlying DBMSworks with an underlying DBMSprovides spatial ADTs callable from a provides spatial ADTs callable from a query languagequery languageprovides methods for efficient provides methods for efficient processing of spatial queriesprocessing of spatial queries


3 Layer Architecture3 Layer Architecture


SDBMS - ComponentsSDBMS - Components

1.1. spatial data model, data types spatial data model, data types and operators,and operators,

2.2. spatial query language, spatial query language, processing and optimizationprocessing and optimization

3.3. spatial data miningspatial data mining


SDBMS - ExampleSDBMS - ExampleConsider a spatial dataset:Consider a spatial dataset:

Road network (red line) Road network (red line) IDP camps (blue points)IDP camps (blue points)Relocations (light green Relocations (light green points)points)Landsat TM image Landsat TM image (background)(background)

Storage in an SDBMS table:create table idp_camp ( district string, people number, foods string, camp point );


GIS - ThemeGIS - Theme

ThemeTheme is the geospatial information is the geospatial information corresponding to a particular topic.corresponding to a particular topic.It is similar to a relation (relational model)It is similar to a relation (relational model)It has a schema and instancesIt has a schema and instancesIt is displayed with specific symbol, color It is displayed with specific symbol, color and size and size Examples: rivers, cities, countriesExamples: rivers, cities, countries


GIS – Geographic ObjectsGIS – Geographic Objects

Geographic objectsGeographic objects are major objects to are major objects to be considered at a conceptual levelbe considered at a conceptual levelA theme is a collection of geographic A theme is a collection of geographic objectsobjectsTwo components of geographic objects Two components of geographic objects are:are:

1.1.Attributes: describe the objectAttributes: describe the object2.2.Spatial component: consists of geometry Spatial component: consists of geometry

(location & shape) and topology ( spatial (location & shape) and topology ( spatial relationships with other objects.relationships with other objects.


Theme AlgebraTheme AlgebraTheme projectionTheme projection

GAMBIR33

TANAHABANG

36

MENTENG20

SENEN41

KEMAYORAN73

SAWAHBESAR

27

JOHARBARU

36

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26

Number of SDN for each District in J akarta Pusat

33

36

20

41

73

27

3626



Theme AlgebraTheme AlgebraTheme selectionTheme selection

GAMBIR33

TANAHABANG

36

MENTENG20

SENEN41

KEMAYORAN73

SAWAHBESAR

27

JOHARBARU

36

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26


MENTENG20

SAWAHBESAR

27

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26



Theme AlgebraTheme AlgebraTheme unionTheme union

GAMBIR33

TANAHABANG

36

MENTENG20

SENEN41

KEMAYORAN73

SAWAHBESAR

27

JOHARBARU

36

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26


MENTENG20

SAWAHBESAR

27

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26


GAMBIR33

TANAHABANG

36

SENEN41

KEMAYORAN73

JOHARBARU

36



Theme AlgebraTheme AlgebraTheme overlayTheme overlay

GAMBIR33

TANAHABANG

36

MENTENG20

SENEN41

KEMAYORAN73

SAWAHBESAR

27

JOHARBARU

36

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26


GAMBIR3

SENEN7

KEMAYORAN6

Number of damaged SDN for each District in J akarta Pusat

GAMBIR33 (3)

TANAHABANG

36

MENTENG20

SENEN41 (7)

KEMAYORAN73 (6)

SAWAHBESAR

27

JOHARBARU

36

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26



Theme AlgebraTheme AlgebraWindowingWindowing

GAMBIR33

TANAHABANG

36

MENTENG20

SENEN41

KEMAYORAN73

SAWAHBESAR

27

JOHARBARU

36

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26


GAMBIR33

KEMAYORAN73

SAWAHBESAR

27



Theme AlgebraTheme AlgebraMergingMerging

GAMBIR33

TANAHABANG

36

MENTENG20

SENEN41

KEMAYORAN73

SAWAHBESAR

27

JOHARBARU

36

CEMPAKAPUTIH

26


GAMBIR

TANAHABANG

MENTENG - SENEN

KEMAYORAN

SAWAHBESAR

JOHARBARU

CEMPAKAPUTIH



Other Theme OpsOther Theme Ops

Metric operationsTopological operationsInterpolation/extrapolationLocationAllocationLocation/allocation


Relational SDBMSRelational SDBMSStorage in an SDBMS table:create table census_blocks (

name string, area float,

population number, boundary polyline );


Relational SDBMSRelational SDBMS

Advantage: based on SQLAdvantage: based on SQLDrawbacks:Drawbacks:

Violates the data independence principleViolates the data independence principleRequires many tables and relationsRequires many tables and relationsLack of user friendliness for tables of Lack of user friendliness for tables of pointspointsDifficult to define new spatial typesDifficult to define new spatial typesDifficult to express geometrical Difficult to express geometrical computations: topology, point & window computations: topology, point & window queryquery


Loosely Coupled SDBMSLoosely Coupled SDBMS

Descriptive and spatial Descriptive and spatial data managements are data managements are separatedseparatedUsed by many vendorsUsed by many vendorsDrawbacks:Drawbacks:

1.1.Difficult to model, use or Difficult to model, use or integrateintegrate

2.2.A partial loss of basic A partial loss of basic DBMS functionalitiesDBMS functionalities

Application programs

Relational Geometric DBMS processing

DB Files


Integrated SDBMSIntegrated SDBMS

Relational DBMS is extended:Relational DBMS is extended: SQL is extended to manipulate spatial SQL is extended to manipulate spatial

data. Point, line, polygon are handled as data. Point, line, polygon are handled as alphanumeric basealphanumeric base

Many DBMS functions like query Many DBMS functions like query optimization are adapted to handle optimization are adapted to handle geospatial data efficientlygeospatial data efficiently

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SD02 Introduction SDBMS