(sect. PiagiostaeLtys, - J-STAGE

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

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The JapaneseSociety forPlant Systematics

ISSN1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 63 (2): 63-69 (2013)

Pleronicastrum naguchii (sect. PiagiostaeLtys,

a New Species from Japan

Plantaginaceae),

KolcHI UEHARAIi KEN'IcHJSAIKI2 AND TosHIo ANDo]

' Grachiate School ofHortieulture, Chiba UniversiijL Mlrtsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Jtrpan.

*uehara@1/acutty.chiba-u,ip (keuthorfor correspondencel; ' Natural Histoely imseum and lhstitute,

Chiba, Aoba-cho. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, .hu)an

Pteronicastrum noguchii K. Uehara, K. Saiki & T, Ando (Plantaginaceae), from Chiba Prefecture, Japan,

is described as new, It is similar to X viUosuium (Miq,) T, Yamaz. in having a subglobose inflorescence,but differs in having recurved hairs on the stem, the leafbase cordate or eccasionally truncate, the leaf

rnargin crenate, the Ieaf surface sparsely pilose, bracts sparsely pilose and narrowly oblong to ovate, and

narrowly triangular to linear subglabrous ca]yx Iebes.

Key words: Chiba Prefecture, endangered species, Isumi-shi. Flaronicah'trum

if27ronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. (Plantaginace-ae) in eastern Asia comprises four sections:

Pterocaulon T. Yamaz., Plagiostacbys (Franch.)T, Yamaz,, Leptandua (Nutt.) Benth, (= section

Pleronicastrum) (Yamazaki 1957), and Cdlorhab-

dos (Benth.) D. Y, Hong (Chin & Hong 1979).

Section Plagiostaclrys [type: Z axillare (Siebold& Zucc,) T. Yamaz.] is characterized by a terete

or striate, arching or ascending stem that forms a

new shoot at the apex when it touches the greund,an axi]lary infiorescence, and an actinomorphic

corolla with a long tube, Yamazaki (1957) enu-

merated 12 species in section Plagiostacbys from

northeastern Asia (China, Taiwan, and Japan).

Chin & Hong (1979) recognized two additional

Chinese species as members ofthis section [Z ro-bustum (Diels) D, Y. Hong and " rhombijblium

(Hand,-Mazz,) P. C. Tsoong], and transferred Z

simaclae (Masam.) T, Yamaz. (a species endemic

to [[letiwan) and M yunnanense (W, W. Sm.) T.Yamaz, to sections Pterocaulon and Caiorhab-

dos, respectively. Chin & Hong (l979) treated Z

yamatsutae (T, Yamaz.) T. Yamaz., Z venosum

(Hemsl.) T. Yamaz,, and U plukenetii (T. Yamaz,)T. Yamaz. as infraspecific taxa of Z steno-

stachyum (Hemsl.) T. Yamaz. Thus. nine species

of section Plagiostacbys are currently known in

eastern Asia, Five species are endemic to China

[M stenostacbyum, K longispicatum (Merr.) T.

Yamaz., K latij?)tium (Hemsl.) T, Yamaz,, M ro-

bustum, and Z rhombij2)lium], and two species

are endemic to Japan [K liukiuense (Ohwi) T.Yamaz. and Z tagawae (Ohwi) T. Yamaz,], Thetwo remaining species occur in both countries [[axiilare and U villosulum (Miq.) T. Yamaz,].

The species of P2eronicastrum described here

shares the general morpholegical features of sec-

tion Plagiostacbys, but is distinct ftorn any

known species of the section. We propose this

plant as a new species, Z noguchii K. Uehara, K,

Saiki & T. Ando, and describe it with special ern-

phasis on its distinction from Z viUosulum, since

Z noguchii was erroneously reported as M viilo-

sulum by Noguchi et aL (2009). Pleronicastrum villosulum was described by

Miquel (1866) as a species of Pbederota L., based

on a specimen collected in Japan by Phillip Franz

von Siebold, Although it vvas cultivated as an oF

namental or medicinal plant during Siebold's stay

in Japan, its natural habitat was long unknown.

Pleronieastrum viUosulum is now an endangered

species {n Japan, with natural populations report-



The JapaneseSociety for Plant Systematics

64 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 63

ed fbr only two sites: Fuchu, Tarui-cho, Fuwa-

gun, Gifu Prefecture (Muro 1953) and Sadamit-su, Tsurugi-cho, Mima-gun, Tokushima Prefec-

ture (Abe 1990). P'keronicastrum noguchii is alsoconsidered to be endangered and awaits an ofTi-

cial conservation plan.

Materials and Methods

We made several visits to Isumi-shi, ChibaPrefecture, to collect herbarium specimens of PZ?-ronicastrum noguchii Small portions were also

obtained to propagate the plants vegetatively. We

studied herbarium specimens deposited in theNatural History Museum and Institute, Chiba

(CBM), that had been determined as M villosu-

lum by Noguchi et al. (2009), obtained a photo-graph of the holotype specimen of M villosuium

(L0420659) from the National Herbarium of the

Netherlands-Leiden (L), and studied photos of

specimens of Z villosulum provided by the

[Ibkushima Prefectural Museum (TKPM). We

also visited Tsurugi-cho, Tbkushima Prefecture,on 6 September 2011, to observe the native habi-tat of if viltosulum and obtained several individu-

als from Hirotake Yasuda, who is protecting thenatural population. We visited the habitat of Vvillosulum at [Ibrui-cho and Ikeda-cho, Gifu Pre-

fecture, on 25 July 2012, and observed flowers

and other organs. P2?ronicastrum noguchii and V

villosulum were grown in Noda-shi, Chiba Pre-fecture, under conditions similar to those of their

natural habitat. Fortunately, cultivated plants ofboth species bloomed almost simultaneously inJuly 2012, allowing a close comparisen ofthe flo-ral morphology. Chinese species of the section

Plagiostaclpts were studied via the Chinese ViFtual Herbarium (http:llwww.cvh,org.cnfoms/).

Results and Discussion

Veronicastrum noguchii K. Uehara, K. Saiki &T. Ando, sp. noy-Figs, 1, 2, 3A (righD, 3B (rightrow), 3C (righO, 3D (right).

Resembling Plerenicastrum viltosutum (Miq.) T. Yamaz.,

but differing in stem hairs recurved; leafbase cordate or

occasionally truncate, margin crenate. surface sparsely

pilose except on ribs on lower surface; bracts narrowly

oblong to ovate, surface sparsely pilose; calyx lobes nar-rowly triangular to lmear, surface subglabrous.

7){pus. JAPAN. Chiba Prefecture, Isumi-shi, Ono,35015' N, 140017' E, 12 July 2012, K. Ulehara & T Anclo

s.n. (holo- TI; iso- CBM, KYO, L, NY).

Hlerb perennial, Stems slender, ascending

from base, arching apically, rooting and fbrming

anew shoot when apex touches ground (Fig. IA),

terete, villose; hairs curved (Fig. 3A, right).

Leaves alternate, chartaceous, becoming much

smaller toward shoot apex (Fig. IA); petiole 2-5mm long, pilose; blade ovate, (2-)7-10 cm long,

(1-)4-6 cm wide, sparsely pilose, base cordate or

occasionally truncate, margin crenate with crena-

tions apiculate, apex acuminate, midrib and

nerves raised on lower surface, pubescent, promi-nent lateral nerves 6-12, usually 3-4 lateral

nerves emerging from or slightly above base of

midrib (Figs, IA, 2A, & 3B, right row; see also

Fig, 1 in Noguchi et aL 2009). Ii7owens July to

August. SZ)ikes axillary, sessile, subglobose, 2-3cm long and wide (Figs. IB & 2B). Bracts nar-

rowly oblong to ovate, apex acuminate, ca. 4 mm

long, surface sparsely pilose (Figs, IC & 3C,righD, usually reddish purple while subtended

fiower is in small bud stage. Ctilyx 5-lobed almost

to base; lobes narrowly triangular to linear, apex

acuminate, ciliate, subglabrous, ca. 5 mm long

(Figs. IC & 3D, righO, Cbrolla ca. 7 mm long, tu-bular, dark bluish purple, glabrous outside, pu-bescent inside, 4-lobed; lobes deltoid, acute, ca. 2mm !ong (Figs. IC & 3D, righO, Stamens 2, ex-

serted, 11-12 mm Iong; filaments pubescent inlower halg adnate to base of corolla (Fig, ID).Ovar:y ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; style fili-

fbrm, glabrous, 14-15 mm long (Fig. ID). Cap-sules and seeds not seen.

Distribution. Known only from Ono, Isumi-shi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, which appears to bethe eastern extent of the distribution of section

Plagiostacbys (Fig. 4).

Hbbitat. The native habitat of P2rronicastrum

noguchii is a steep, southwest-facing slope besidea stream, The site is considerably shaded by ever-

green trees. Sandstones in the area are easily

eroded by the stream, forming a deep gorge, al-



The JapaneseSociety forPlantSystematics

February 2013 UEHARA & AL.- trbronicastntm noguchii. a new species from Japan 65

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F]G, 1, P?ronieastrum noguchii K. Uehara, K. Saiki & T. Ando. A: Habit at fiowering in July. B: Spike. C: Flower with bract.

D: Disseeted corolla, stamen, and pistil. Scale bar = 3 cm for A, 3 mm for C and D. Scale bar is not provided for B.



TheJapaneseSociety for PlantSysternatics

66 .ALctaPhytetax.Geobot. Xbl. 6r,

Fl(i. ]. i Ui'oiiiccisirum noyltchii TTiiLs nalixe habittu atlbLlmj-s]li.C'hibaPrei'. .bL/ 1'lunts. B/Spikes.




February 201r, L l,H.NRx& v.-l'eronit'asrritni nogu('hii.ane"' spccies i'ro]n JapHn 61

though the altitude is on]y 30 m above sea levei.

The population of l( nogttchii we observed xvas

small, with ca, 100 individuals.

Et.i'niologi'. P･'ei'onicasti'tiin nos.uc'hii is nanied

after Mr. Shouzo Nog.,uchi, an enthusiast of the

fiora ot' Chiba Prefecture. who discoNered this

species on 4 May 2009,

Jtrpanese name, lsumi-suzukake (nox,.)

OtheJ' spe('imens e,vanrisTed, J,ALP,ALN. Chiba Pret'ec-ture. IsuTni-shi. C)ono Ka"aine. 4 Pv{uy 2009. S. Nosttichiy,n. (CBN,{ 319973): Isumi-shi. Oeno Kawame. 22 .ALugust20]O. S. Nogttchi s.n, (CB)vl 31114I): Oh"e. Isumi-shi.

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Flc;. ]. N･Iorpho]ogiea] characleristics of J k,ronicaslruni no.u.if( hii (rig.hO cotnpared lo thosc of [ ivltosulu"i (left). .aLi Ilairs en

youn.o.. stcm, B/ Adaxial (uppcr ro" ) adid abaxial Oo"'cr ro" ) ]cat'surfaces. C: .dLbax[al x ic"' ot'bracts. D/ Side view offlo".

ers. t,ubtendinL, hract on riL,ht side remoyed. Sea[c bar = 1 mm ['or .,X. Cl and D: 5 cm ibr B. L. t.

NII-Electronic Mbrary



The JapaneseSociety for PlantSystematics

68 Acta Phytotax. Geobot.

Chiba, 15 July 2009, K. Ohno, T 1leiruki, S, Nbguehi, T

fwase, M[ Kubota & M Nemoto s.n. (CBM 275990). (Allthree specimens were originally determjned as ltleroni-castrum viUosutum); Isumi-shi, Ono, 3 July 2012, K. Ue-

hara, M: ito & T Ando s.n. (TI, TKPM, TNS).

IVbte. Pleronicastrum noguchii resembles Mvillosulum in the morphology of the inflores-

cence. In section Ptagiostacbys, only these two

species develop subglobose inflorescences. Inflo-

rescences ofthe remaining species are cylindrieal

or conical (Yamazaki 1957, Chin & Hong 1979,

Hong et al. 1998). Morphological distinctions be-tween Z noguchii and Z villosulum are summa-

rized in Table 1.

In China, P2ironicastrum villosulum is vari-

able in indumentum, leafmargin, corolla length,and merosity. Four infraspecific taxa are recog-

nized: var. vitlosulum, var, hit:sutum T, L, Chin &

D. Y. Hong, var, parvij70rum T, L, Chin & D. Y.

Hong. and var. glabrum T. L, Chin & D. Y. Hong

Vol. 63

(Hong et al. 1998). However, the morphology of

the leaf base of these taxa is within a range that

can be described as "mostly

broadly cuneate to

rarely rounded" (after Hong et al. 1998), and

prominent lateral nerves do not emerge from the

base ofthe midrib. These morphological featuresof the leaves are distinctive in M noguchii, Var.

glabrum and var. parvij7orum differ from Z no-

guchii in having glabrous stems and small white

fiowers, respectively, Stems of var. hirsutum are

covered with non-glandular curved hairs like

those of M noguchii, but the indumentum of the

leaf blade (hirsute) and bracts, as well as the ca-

lyx lobes (with glandular hairs), ofthis taxen dif

fer from those of Z noguchii.

Like P2ironicastrum noguehii, " robustum

subsp. grandijrolium T. L. Chin & D. Y. Hong.

which occurs in China (see H E Chin 700872

and others deposited in the Guangxi Institute ofBotany Herbarium: IBK), has leaves with a cor-

TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of leronicastrum noguchii and P( villosttlum.

Organ K7ronicastrumnogerchii P2rronieastrumviUosulum Figure

StemLeaves

basc

margln

surface

prornlnentlateral nerves

villose, with curved hairs

cordateoccasionallytruncate

crenate

sparselypilose

usually emerge from base or slightly above

baseofmidrib

glandular-villose,with straight hairscuneate to obtuse

serrate

densely glandular-villose

emerge from midrib

Fig. 3AFig,

3B

Fig.3B

Fig.3B

Bracts

Calyxlobe

Corolla tube

Stamens

lobe

Narrowly oblong to ovate, acuminate, ca.

4 mm long, sparsety pilose, usually reclclish

purple when subtended fiower is in youngbud stage

narrowly triangular to linear,subglabrous

ea.5 mm long

ca.2 mm long. acute

acummate,

11-12 mm long, shorter than pistil

linear-lanceolate,acuminate,7-9mmlong,glandular-villose, Fig.3C

consistentlygreen

linear-lanceolate,

glandular-villose

7-8 mm long

1-1,5 mm long, acurninate

Fig, 3D

14-15 mm long, as long as pistil Fig. 3D




February 2013 UEHARA&AL.-Pleronicastrztmnoguchii,a ncw species from Japan 69

date base and prominent Iateral nerves emerging

from the base ofthe midrib, but the leaf margin isserrate, the stem is glabrous, and the inflores-

cence is cylindrical, unljke M noguchii.

Muro (1953) noted a bamboo forest situated at

Aza-Yashiki, Naka, Fuchu-mura, Fuwa-gun,GiftL Prefecture, owned by Ybshiaki Kotake, as

the natural habitat of PleFonicastrum viggosulum,

That habitat has been destroyed, but individualstransferred from the forest are currently in the

garden ofKazuyoshi Kotake at Fuchu, Tarui-cho,

Fuwa-gun, Gifu Prefecture. P2?ronicastrum villo-

sutum is also present in a bamboo forest at Shoko-

ji [[bmple at Katayama, Ikeda-cho, Ibi-gun, GifuPrefecture.

We thank Hirotake Yasuda of Josej High School, Karni-

yama Branch, Tokushima Prefecture; Hiroshi Takahashi

ofGifu University; Satoshi K{zuka ofShokoji Teinple in

Jkeda-cho; Kazuyoshi Kotake of Fuchu in Tarui-cho,Gifu Prefecture: and Ryota Sakamoto ofthe University of

Tokyo for their kind assistance in observing the habitat of

P'leronicasb'um villosuttim. We also thank Luc Willemseand Nicolien Sol ofthe National Herbarium ofthe NetheF

]ands, Leiden, fot sending a'photograph of the holotype

specimen of Z villosuhtm. We are also grateful te Hi-

detoshi Nagamasu of Kyoto University and Motemi Ito ofthe Unlversjty of Tokyo for helpful advice in preparingthis manuscript We thank Mutsuko Nakajima for the il-

Iustrations and Akiko Shimizu of the University Muse-um, the University of Tokyo, for proyiding herbariumspecimens and literature infbnnalion. This research was

carried out with the support ofthe 22nd Pro NatLira Fund

program of the Pro Natura Foundation Japan, and finan-cia] support ofChiba prefectural government through the

resear ¢ h grant program of Chiba Biodiversity Center.

References

Abe, C. 1990. Flora of Tbkushirna Prefecture. kyoiku- shuppan Center, Ibkushima, Japan. (in Japanese)Chin, T,-L. & D,-Y. Hong. 1979. P2?ronicastrum Heist, ex

1320E 136oE 1400E T420E

2 13iOE l360E 14'OeE1420EN

FtG, 4. Distribution of frlaronicastrttfn noguchii (solid eirc]e)

and Z viltosulum (open circles) in Japan.

Fabric. Fl, Reipubg. Pepularis Sin. 67(2): 227-250. (in Chinese)

Hong, D.-Y., H.-B. Yang, C.-L. Jin & N. H. Holmgren.

I998. P2ironicastrum. in: Wu, Z,!Y, & P. H. Raven

(eds.), Flora ofChina l8: S7-61,

Miquel, F. A. G. 1866 Prolosie FIorae Japonicae. Ann.

Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2: 117-148,Muro, 6. 1953. The native land of Calorhabdos villosa

Makino, J, Jap. Bot, 28: 318-319, (in Japanese)Noguchi, S., M. Kubota, M. Amano, Y, Mikanagi, K,

Saiki & T. Ohba. 2009, A new ]ocality of Plrronicas-

trum viliosutzim (Miq.) T. Yamaz. in Chiba Prefec-

ture, Japan. Chiba-ken Shokubutu-shi Shiryou. 25:

233-235. (in japanese)Ylimazaki, T. 1957. Taxonomical and phylogemetic studies

ofScrophulariaceae-Veronicaewithspecialreference

to P2ironica and Pl!ronicasti'etm in eastern Asia. j.

Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot, 7: 91-162,

ReceivedAugztst 1O, 2012; aceepted 0ctober 3, 2012

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(sect. PiagiostaeLtys, - J-STAGE