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SECTION 19 - THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
19-1 -- The Nucleus
•••• Protons and Neutrons
•••• The Relative Size and Density of the Nucleus
•••• The Energies Associated with Nuclear Reactions
19-2 -- Some Nuclear Definitions
•••• Nucleons
•••• Atomic Number (Z) and Mass Number (A)
•••• Isotopes and Nuclides
19-2 -- Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
•••• A Typical Radioactive Decay Process
19-3 -- Types of Radioactive Decay Reactions
•••• Alpha-Particle Production (α-particles)
•••• Spontaneous Fission
•••• Beta-Particle Production (β-particles)
•••• Gamma Ray Production (γ-rays: photons)
•••• Electron Capture
•••• Positron Production (β+-particles)
19-5 -- Writing and Balancing Nuclear Reactions
19-5 -- Radioactive Decay Series
19-6 -- Half-Life (t½)
•••• Half-lives of Radioactive Nuclides
•••• First-Order Decay Processes
19-6 -- Detection of Radioactivity
•••• The Geiger Counter and Ar+(g) Detection
19-7 -- Carbon-14 Dating
•••• Radioactive Decay and First-Order Kinetics
19-10 -- Nuclear Fission
•••• Uranium-235
•••• Self-Sustaining Chain Reactions (subcritical, supercritical, and critical
reactions)
•••• Critical State and “Critical Mass”
19-12 -- Nuclear Fusion
•••• Fusion Reactions in the Sun and in Stars
•••• Fusion of Protons (H+) to Form Helium (He)
19-13 -- Stability of the Nucleus
19-13 -- Mass Defect (∆∆∆∆m)
•••• Calculating Nuclear Binding Energy from Mass Defect
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19-15 -- Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus (∆∆∆∆E)
•••• Units: “J/nucleon” vs. “MeV/nucleon”
•••• Binding Energy Problems where Electron Mass Must be Taken into Account �
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SECTION 19 - THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR ENERGY
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