Selenium Doc

8/2/2019 Selenium Doc

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Automated Testing Tool for Web BasedApplication

SQT Team


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Selenium is an Open Source suite of tools to automate web

browsers across many platforms.

It runs in many browsers and operating systems.

It can be controlled by many programming languages (Java,

C#, Perl, Python) and testing frameworks (Junit, TestNG).

Full support to Web 2.0 from Ajax to DHTML.

Components of Selenium:

Selenium IDE

Selenium RC (Selenium Server)

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Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin

to record/playback tool for

authoring tests without learning a

test scripting language.

It is implemented as a Firefox

extension (Firefox Plugin) and

allows recording, editing,

debugging and exporting tests in

different languages: e.g.: html,

Java, Perl, Ruby, etc. It also allows to test both http and

https within the same application.

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Selenium Server consists of two components:

Selenium Server It has the ability to launch a browser and control the

browser to play back tests. Selenium Server receives Selenium commands

from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program

the results of running those tests.

Selenium client(s) There is a different client library for each supported

language. The client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the

Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the

application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of

that command and passes it back to your program.


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Selenium can be used for functional and regression

testing.

Selenium is not a tool for test management.

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Selenium Prerequisites:

Install Firefox go to this URL: http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/

Install Java JDK Download jdk , i.e: jdk1.5 or also jdk1.6 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Selenium Installations:

Selenium IDE go to this pathRun the selenium-ide-1.5.0.xpi After that,

Selenium IDE option should be in Firefox (installed Selenium IDE v.1.5.0).

Selenium RC It can be installed or in each Project Team member PC or in a

Testing Project PC Download it from this pathCopy the jar in your PC (Seleniumfolder) , go to folder containing file 'selenium-server-standalone-2.13.0.jar' via CMD

command and execute: java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.13.0.jar (installed Selenium

RC 2.13.0). The server will be started on port 4444 and it is ready to accept test commands.

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http://seleniumhq.org/download/


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Selenium Testing Strategy

Selenium Commands

User Extensions (Read a file data)

Parameterization (by a single parameter)

Selenium scripts coding Capturing Element property

Installation of Firebug and Firebuglite

Handling Synchronization

Handling of different browsers

Selenium - TestNG

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Standard way to manage Selenium repository in ClearCase Definition of a Selenium Project

Definition of Testing Environment

Execution of a Test Case

Execution of a Test Suite (Modular Approach)

Result Analysis

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The creation of a Selenium Project has to be done using the

Configuration Management Tool (ClearCase). In particular:Create a Project folder

Project folder Name=_Testing

Ex.: LiotroX_Testing

Each version of a Project will be managed by a baseline in

ClearCase.


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Only in case of big Project, it will be created a Suite for

Functionality and its necessary to follow this added rule:Create a sub-folder for each Functionality

Functionality subfolder Name=

Ex.: Button

CreateSeleniumProject Design Test

Case

Manage Test

Suite

Create

Test Suite

Write (addand/or update)Test Cases


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Test Case

Test Script

Verification Point

Test Suite

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CreateSeleniumProject

Manage Test Suite

DesignTest Cases

Record TestScript

CreateVerificationPoints


Create TestSuite


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For Creating a Test Case in a

Selenium Testing Environment, itsnecessary to:

Open the Selenium IDE 1.5.0

For each Requirement, its necessary to

define a Test Case (File

New TestCase) with this rule:

Test Case Name=

o Ex.: Button_check

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For producing Test Script in a Selenium Testing Environment, itsnecessary to:

Record Test Case previously defined, clicking the red button in the figure and

selecting all steps required:

Ex.: Recording LiotroX Button Test Case

Enter the URL in Firefox press enter (Recording started).Perform the required action on the site.

Click on record button to stop recording.

Click on play entire test suite button to play back.

A Test Script will be produced as in the figure.

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For running a Test Case, its necessary to

select: Actions

Play Current Test Caseor click the button in the figure. The Log

item and the bar provide the status of Test

Case.

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(Installing Selenium, Creating Test Cases and Recording the script)

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1) Installation of Selenium.

2) Creating a new Test Case, recording the script for TLS

application logging and executing using Selenium

IDE.

TLS(Login and Logout)

Data

Url - http://tls.sgp.st.com

Username(epm test2, epm test3,,epm test10)

Password - (epmtest2, epmtest3,,epmtest10)

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Open (url)Opens a URL in the test frame Open --- /http://www.google.com

Type (locator,value)To type text in text box

Locator = id(unique id), link(text), css(unique path), name(text),

xpath.

type --- id = ext-1234567

type --- link = Install Firebug

type --- css

type --- name = SaveAs

Type --- xpath = //input

ClickAndWait (locator) Clickandwait --- link = Login

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WaitForTextNotPresent (text)(Ajax solution) WaitFortextNotPresent --- loading

VerifyTextPresent (text) (Check Point Confirmation) Verifytextpresent --- visitor

Click (text)Click at text (link) that present on the screen Click --- link = SaveAs

StoreConfirmation (text)To store the confirmation like

(Data saved successfully) StoreConfirmation --- var_name

assertElementPresent (locator) assertElementPresent --- link = SaveAs

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Selenium IDE allows multiple ways of checking for User Interface

(UI) elements.

It verifies the state of the application and confirms to what is

expected.

Examples include make sure the page title is X and verify that

this checkbox is checked. Check points or verification points are known as Assertions in

Selenium. The keywords with below mentioned prefix will be used

for adding check points or verification points.

1. verify2. assert

3. waitFor

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How to choose between Assertion andVerification Depends on convenience and

management of failures. Assert fail the test and abort the current test

case.

Verify fail the test and continue to run thetest case.

(Tip: Put an assert followed by one or more verify testcommands).

For adding a Verification Point in aSelenium Testing Environment, itsnecessary to:

Select the row in the script where inserting it

Select Insert new Command

Define the Command, Target and Value for yourVP.

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Every new version of a Project will be managed by a Suite and for big

Project it will be created a Suite for Functionality.

For Creating a Test Suite in a Selenium Testing Environment, its

necessary to:

Select FileSave Test Suite As

Type under CC into

Test Suite Name=.html

Ex.: DataView.html

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A Test Suite is a collection of various test

cases.

For running a Test Suite, its necessary to

select: Actions Play Entire Test Suite or

click the button in the figure. The Log item

and the bar provide the status of Test Suite.

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Command to run test suite in selenium RC

C:\selenium>

java -jar selenium.jar

-htmlSuite

*firefox (browser)

"http://tls.sgp.st.com" (Url)

"C:\testsuite\test.html" (path of test suite)

"C:\testresult\result.html" (path of test result)

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For getting the Results Analysis of a Test

Suite, its necessary to execute in RC The Selenium Functional Test Runner

starts and results of Test Suite are got as

in the figure 1.

An Evaluation Report (HTML format) is

created using the results of a Test Suite as

in the figure 2 and saved as the same

name and location provided in the

Selenium RC command (see above).

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(Creating Test Suite and Executing with checking the log and test result)

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1) Create a Test case for Logging for TLS, and performthe following commands,

VerifyMake a verification point after logging into the

application. Eg(verify the User name (Any text in the

page) ) Assert(Any text in the page)

WaitFor - (Any text in the page)

2) Create a Test Suite that contain two Test Cases and

Run the Test Suite in the Selenium RC and get the TestReport.

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User extensions are JavaScript files to customize features toadd additional functionalities.

A lot of useful extensions created by users, the most popularof all Selenium-IDE extensions is: goto_sel_ide.js that provides flow control in the form of while

loops and primitive conditionals To install this extension, goto Selenium-IDEs Options => Options=> General tab and put its

pathname in the Selenium Core extensions field.

Click the OK button and close and reopen Selenium-IDE in orderfor the extensions file to be read.

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User extensions can be also got in Selenium RC using

userExtensions parameter via the following command:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.13.0.jar -userExtensionsC:\testsuite\user-extensions.js htmlSuite *firefoxhttps://www.google.com

C:\testsuite\testsuite_google.html C:\testresult\testresult-google.html

Note: Typing the following command: java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.13.0.jar

-userExtensions, it is got a list of possible options to execute.

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Parameterization can be done in Selenium IDE:Make a JavaScript file which contains the parameter with its

value Example: suppose to go to Unisys URL, insert loginand password, search for a ticket that it is passed as parameter In a JavaScript file called data.js, it has to be inserted thefollowing line: searchKey = "IM50021088269

For identifying this data.js file and access the variables inside

it Import it as Selenium IDE Extension, going SeleniumIDE Options General and in the Selenium IDE extensionfield browse the data.js file.

Restart the Selenium IDE.

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If the application is not working only in IE , then wehave to manually type the commands using IDE or we

can make the script using html language directly.

To capture the locator of the elements used in the

commands , you can use Firebug (for Firefox) and

Firebug Lite (for IE).

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Firebugadd-on for Firefox. Firebug is a web development tool that facilitates the

debugging, editing, and monitoring of any website's CSS,

HTML, DOM, XHR, and JavaScript.

Firebug liteadd-on for Internet Explorer It is similar to firebug.

Firebug and Firebug lite are free and open source.

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To install firebug just Double click the file firebug 1.9.0.xpifile from shared area under (Softwarefirebug). It will be

prompt you to click on install, then click on install now

firebug is installed as a plugin in firefox.

For Firebug LiteOpen IE click Favorites addFavoriteFirebug.

Then right click on the Firebug Favorite in Favorites, select

properties Delete the url Copy the java script and paste

in url box (Java script = Software

Firebuglite

Firebuglite-javascript)

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Synchronization Problem :Suppose we record 3 transactions of some application in

selenium.

Transaction 2 takes around 2 minutes to load.

Selenium will wait for a particular amount of time (timeout)and will pass to the next transaction giving Transaction 2 as

failed.

How to solve ?

Selenium provides us certain commands which makes the toolto wait till the page is loaded.

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Commands used for SynchronizationClickAndWait

This Command Clicks at the element and wait for the reaction.

WaitForTextPresent

This command will enable the selenium to wait till certain text ispresent on the page. After the text appears , the commands return

true and will move to next command.

WaitForTextNotPresent

This command will ask selenium to wait till certain text gets

disappeared from the screen. (e.g loading.)

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Selenium IDE will work with only Firefox.

Different browser options can be used in the run time only.

Check the command:

C:\selenium>

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.17.0.jar

htmlSuite

*iexplore (browser)

https://www.google.com (url)

C:\testsuite\test1.html (path of test suite)C:\testresult\testresult.html (path of test result)

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(Read a file, Value Substitution, Element property )

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Create a script for TLS login with username andpassword parameterized (Single value) using user-

extension feature in Selenium.

Install firebug(Firefox) and firelite(IE).

Run the Test Case in IE using Selenium RC.

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What is TestNG? Why we need TestNG?

Requirement for TestNG to run Selenium Scripts.

Installation of TestNG.

Creating and Configuring Project

Converting Selenese script to TestNG

Creating Test Cases in TestNG

Running the Test Suite

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TestNG is a testing framework inspired from JUnit and NUnitbut introducing some new functionalities that make it more

powerful and easier to use, such as:

Annotations.

Support for data-driven testing (with @DataProvider).

Support for parameters.

Supported by a variety of tools and plug-ins (Eclipse, IDEA, Maven,

etc...).

TestNG is designed to cover all categories of tests: unit,

functional, end-to-end, integration, etc...

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To extent functionality of Selenium: Parameterize the value (multiple values).

Regression Testing.

Read data from a file.

Customize the execution of code in Test Case.

Customize the execution of Test Case in Test Suite.

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Eclipse with TestNG plugin. Requires JDK 5 or higher.

Jar file needed

Selenium server

Selenium client Testng

Junit

jxl

Selenium IDE (Optional)(Recommended)

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Download eclipse package from shared area.

Copy the TestNG plugin package to [ eclipse folder plugins ].

Click on eclipse icon, in eclipse package.

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Open eclipse File New java project

Give the project name Finish

In project New Source Folder (create two folder lib and

resource)

In project New class

In lib add the jar from the folder Required jar (Shared area).

Just copy the standard file in the class and rename it.

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(Installation steps for TestNG)

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Just copy the TestNG script from selenium IDE, under the class

and paste in the java project in the method under @Testannotation.

Create a excel with name data.xls and put in resource folder.

Give the data in excel that need to be parameterized.

Rename the argument name in test case method(), based uponthe name in excel.

Select the test case and click Run As TestNG test.

Result will be available under the folder test-output in the

project.

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Create different Test Case under same project.

Create an xml file, for suite that contain test cases name what

need to be executed (Example file is given in shared area).

Select the testngRun.xml and click Run as TestNG Suite.

Script will start the selenium server and start running the script.

After running all the Test Cases under the suite selenium server

will stop and prepare a result.

Result will be available under the folder test-output in the

project.

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(Converting, Creating and Running TestNG script )

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Convert the TLS Login Test case to testng. Create a class in the TLS project, copy converted test

case and run in TestNG

Parameterize the Username and password using

@Dataprovider. (For two user)

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Handling Window PopupsWhich are

not part of web page.Uploading of a file

Confirmations having window properties

Solution: This is possible by calling an

autoIT script to do this functionality. How to check the whole content of a table

Solution: Using the VerifyTextPresent

command with the usage of Text

Patterns replacing all spaces and \ncharacter with (*) wildchar.

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Strategies

Types

General Testing Approaches

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Testing Strategy depends on

development phases:

# Phase for TestPlanning

Type ofTesting

Owner

1 Requirement Acceptance User2 Functional

General Design

Functional

Integration

Performance

Service Delivery

Application

Manager

3 Detail Design /Coding

Unit ApplicationManager

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The minimum functional test coverage to be guaranteed for a product

is at least one test case for each requirement.


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CreateSelenium

Project

Manage Test Suite

Design TestCases

Record Test Script

CreateVerification Points

Analyze Test Log

Create EvaluationReport


Run Test Case

Execute TestSuite

Create TestSuite

CreateSelenium

Project

Manage Test Suite

Design TestCases


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Documents

Selenium Doc