Shanghai dogs are very special! Slide 2 There are many dogs in
Shanghai Xuhui JTU campus Slide 3 Slide 4 Hypothesis Shanghai dogs
can read (and obey orders) Slide 5 Result The clever dog recognized
the label and ignored the box labeled Conclusion: At JTU even the
dogs are clever Slide 6 What was good? Any problems? What should we
learn? Slide 7 What was good? Good observation Great idea! Slide 8
Any problems? hyenas are not dogs How can you find out whether the
bacterium that is growing in your flask is the correct one? I have
seen many scientists wasting time because they failed to recognize
contaminants. Slide 9 Any problems? Living things have several
senses to read the environment List all the senses you know, and
the organisms where they are most important. Start with bacteria,
give examples. Try to explain without using the dictionary Slide 10
1 2 3 4 5 11 2 222 If you repeat an experiment, make sure that it
is a true, independent repeat Slide 11 Does a specific mutation
increase antibiotic production? Wild-type strain 0 Mutant strain
1Mutant strain 2Clonal copy of 1 Gene replacements to generate
identical mutations mg ml -1 ABCDEFGHIKLM Measuring antibiotic
production (bioassay, LC) Growing the bacteria (culture
broth/medium, flask/fermenter) 1.Which values will be most similar
(small SD, standard deviation)? 2.Which measurements represent
independent repeats? 3.The 3 mutant strains should be the same; why
could we get very different measurements? Slide 12 Group 1Group 2
The values from Group 1 and Group 2 could be very different if one
of them had suffered an additional spontaneous mutation. Additional
spontaneous mutations are common if a gene replacement causes the
cells to grow slowly because Compensatory mutations may make the
strain fitter. All the values in Group 1 are dependent on each
other because they all go back to mutant 1 Only measurements from
Group 1 measurements from Group 2 qualify as independent repeats
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