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Od]nM [email protected]

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lzdw' s'df/L sfdt elG5g\ æk9fO x'g w]/} kf7 g} afFsLlyof], hfFrdf gk9]s}af6 cfof] clg n]Vg} ;lsPg .Æ

””

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%12

l/kf]6{M aGbsf] c;/

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c;/ ;d]t kg]{ u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\,æcleefjsx¿ s'g} klg a]nf ljBfno aGb gxf];\eGg] rfxG5g\ t/ x8\tfnsf a]nf vt/f x'g] 8/n]5f]/f–5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno k7fpg rfxFb}gg\ .Æ afFs]sflhNnf lzIff clwsf/L r"8fdl0f kf}8]nsf cg';f/ sf];{l;Wofpg w]/} ufx|f] ePsfn] #–$ lbgdf ;Sg'kg]{ sf];{Ps}lbgdf l;Wofpg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsfn] k9fO g/fd|f];Fuk|efljt eof] .

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‰g\ a9L ljbf Û

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afa'sfhL sfsL{, lhlzc, nlntk'/

”

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/ljg lu/L


clgjfo{ ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ ;f]xL ljBfnosf csf{ lzIfsnId0f clwsf/L atfpF5g\ .

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lzIfs o'lgogsf dxf;lrj s[i0fk|;fb 9sfn eG5g\,æljBfyL{sf] eljio laufg'{ x'Gg eg]/ aGbsf] sfo{qmdslxNo} ub}{gf}F .Æ dw]zsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ / bnx¿;d]tnfO{ xfdLn] ljBfno aGb gug{ k6sk6s cg'/f]wu/]sf 5f}F, t/ o;tkm{ s;}sf] Wofg uPsf] b]lvGg .Æ

”

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P;Pn;Lk/LIff ;s]sfljBfyL{x¿, w/fg .

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%14

l/kf]6{M aGbsf] c;/

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;fydf, /fd]Zj/ af]x/f, g]kfnu~h, /ljg lu/L,w/fg, dgf]h >]i7, lj/f6gu/df

unt af6f]df klg nfUg ;Sg]tkm{ ;/sf/,cfGbf]ngsf/L, cleefjs / ljBfno;d]t ;r]tgeO{ x'Gg .Æ

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g]kfn lzIfs o'lgogsf dxf;lrj s[i0fk|;fb9sfn cfkm"x¿n] eg] ljBfnosf] k7gkf7g aGbu/]/ ljBfyL{sf] eljio cGwsf/ agfpg] sfdug{ 5fl8;s]sf] atfpF5g\ . eG5g\, æo'lgog hGd]sf]rf/ jif{otf xfdLn] ljBfno aGb u/]sf 5}gf}FÆ9sfnsf cg';f/ @)%#÷)%$ ;fnlt/ lzIfs;+3–;Ë7gx¿n] lzIfs b/aGbL, ;'ljwf, b'u{deQf cflb cg]s dfu /fv]/ cfGbf]ng ubf{ &%b]lv *) k|ltzt;Dd k9fOdf c;/ kb{Yof] .pgL eG5g\, æklxn] lzIfsn] cfˆg} :jfy{sf nfluw]/} aGb uy]{ t/ caf]w ljBfyL{sf] eljio laufg'{

x'Gg eg]/ aGbsf] sfo{qmd slxNo} ub}{gf}F .Æ pgLyK5g\, ædw]zsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ / bnx¿ ;d]tnfO{xfdLn] ljBfno aGb gug{ k6sk6s cg'/f]w u/]sf5f}F, t/ o;tkm{ s;}sf] Wofg uPsf] b]lvGg .Æ

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”

”

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”

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ljhok'/ pRrdf=lj= w/fgdfsIff * sL5fqf ld?gfdu/ .

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vn9'Ëf ;b/d'sfd;Fu} hf]l8Psf] lju'6f/ufpF;Fu /fdk'/ -xfn j?0f]Zj/_ s'Gtfb]jL,

/fFufbLk, hGt/vfgL, ?Dhf6f/, k|fKrf / xs{k'/sf]cf–cfˆg} lsl;dsf] ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 . /f8L–kfvLsf]s'/f p7\bf ?Dhf6f/, jg–hËn j:t'kfng / >dsf sf/0fhGt/vfgL, jL/tfsf nflu /fFufbLk, cfk;L ;fdflhs;DaGwsf sf/0f k|fKrf–xs{k'/;Fu lju'6f/ hf]l8P klglzIff, r]tgf / /Qm–;DaGwsf cfwf/df Hofbf h;f]/fdk'/;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . df]n'ª vf]nfsf] k"j{kl§ /x]sftLg j6f 6f/x¿ ?Dhf6f/, /fdk'/6f/ / lju'6f/x'g\ . lju'6f/leq klg ̂ j6f 6f/ 5g\– ;;{]k', kmGbk',lju'6f/, ;'s{], lkNk'6f/ / 6S;f/ . b'O{–c9fO{ ;ojif{cl3 nfdL8fF8fsf afl;Gbfn] a]+;Lsf ¿kdf /fdk'/6f/

/ 3fF;–bfp/f, uf]7sf nflu lju'6f/nfO{ pkof]u ug]{u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

lju'6f/sf] gfds/0fsf af/]df cg]s egfO k|rlnt5g\ . n]ssf] 7fpF ePsfn] 3'gk'TnL gnfUg] / aLphf]lug] ePsfn] of] ufpFsf] gfd} aLp6f/ x'gk'Uof] eGg]Pp6f egfO 5 . csf{] egfOdf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn]k"j{ lht] klg /fO{x¿nfO{ ;'Aaf bhf{ lbO{ ^ k};f;Dd6s sf6\g] clwsf/ lbOPsf] lyof] / 6S;f/df 6ssf6\g] sfd x'gyfn]kl5 o;sf] gfpF lju'6S;f/ x'gk'Uof] .6s sf6\g] l;nl;nfdf hGt/vfgL / n]vvfgLtkm{tfdf vfgL z'? eof] / To;sf] ljuf] ljp6f/df a'‰fpgyflnPkl5 ufpFs} gfd ljuf]6f/ x'Fb} lju'6f/ x'gk'Uof]eGg] klg csf]{ egfO 5 .

u'?sf] b]g

cf]

ljBfyL{x¿ cf–cfˆgf 3/af6u'Gb|L, u'Gb|'s, ;fdn–t'dn /sk8f af]s]/ lju'6f/df k9\gcfpFy] . a]n'sf pHofnf] lglDtlxpFbdf 9f]8 a6'Ng], ;L6f l6Kg] /bfp/f hDdf ug{] sfd x'GYof] .To;}sf] pHofnf]df /flt bz–P3f/ah];Dd k9fO rNYof] .

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lju'6f/ ufpF .

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%16

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clxn] To; If]qsf pT;fxL o'jfx¿n] lj/fh ;dfhu7g u/L …lj/fh :dfl/sfÚ dfkm{t ToxfFsf] Oltxf; /;+:s[ltsf ljljw kIf pTvgg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sLgful/s 8f= lk6/ xh lk|G8nn] lju'6f/sf] a[xb\ cWoogcg';Gwfg u/L …jg{ Og lju'6f/, g]kfn, -;f]l;of]–Osf]gf]lds l/n]zgl;k ckm P a|fXd0f e'h]n len]h!(&!–@))!_ gfds s[lt klg k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ .

;f7L–;Q/L jif{cl3;Dd uf]7fnfx¿sf] ufpF eg]/lrlgg] lju'6f/df clxn] Pp6f dfWolds ljBfno /kfFr j6f k|fljx¿ 5g\ . P;Pn;L pQL0f{x¿ Ps ;ohgf k'u]sf 5g\, k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq k"/f ug{]x¿ #),:gfts !% / :gftsf]Q/ ug{] !@ hgf k'lu;s]sf5g\ . b]zsf] :jf:Yo, lzIff, sfg"g Joj;fo / ;~rf/If]qdf klg of] ufpFsf] of]ubfg pNn]Vo 5 . o;sf]hudf k}+tfnL; jif{eGbf a9L ;]jf u/L @)%$ r}t

@& df lbjËt x'g'ePsf cfb/0fLo u'? k'0ok|;fbbfxfn To; If]qsf lglDt ;bf :d/0fLo x'g'x'G5 .

k'0ok|;fb bfxfnnfO{ ;a}n] u'?af eGg] uy{] . u'?sf]cy{ ljBf, 1fg, lzIff, snf, a'l4, ;Lk, sd{, pkb]zlbg] JolQm eGg] x'G5, h;n] 1fg, k'/:sf/ / b08lbg] ;fdYo{ /fV5 . u'? l;sfO–;wfO ug{], k9fpg],n]vfpg], tflnd lbg] JolQm klg xf] . Pp6f s'gfsf]ufpFdf hGd]sf Pshgf ;fdfGo o'js …u'?afÚ aGg'sfk5fl8 k|lta4tfsf] Pp6f k|]/s syf 5 .

lj=;+= !(&% r}t $ ut] lktf afnfgGb / dftfozf]bfsf dflxnf 5f]/fsf ¿kdf /fdk'/, cf]vn9'ËfdfhlGdPsf k'0ok|;fbn] ;+:s[tsf] k|yd 1fg cfˆg} lktfaf6kfpg'ePsf] lyof] . k'0ok|;fb lj=;+=!((@ b]lv sf7df8f}Fsf]/fgLkf]v/L k|wfg kf7zfnfdf k9\g yfNg'eof] . To;}a]nflju'6f/sf /Tgk|;fb bfxfn sf7df8f}+sf] d[u:ynLl:ytcf>ddf a;]/ lzjk'/L afaf;Fu ;+:s[t kl9/xg'ePsf]lyof] . k'0ok|;fb / pxfFsf efO v8\uk|;fb;Fu/Tgk|;fbsf] afn;vfsf] k'/fg} ;DaGw /x]sf] lyof] .

lju'6f/ To; ;do;Dd ljNs'n} lg/If/ lyof] .ToxfFsf dflg;x¿sf] lbgrof{df 3fF;kft, ufO{j:t',v]tLkftL afx]s c¿ s]xL lyPg . cfˆgf] ufpFnfO{s;/L ;fIf/ agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df /Tgk|;fb /k'0ok|;fbsf] ;/;Nnfx eof] / k'0ok|;fb s]xL ;dolju'6f/ ufpFdf uP/ o'jf / afnsx¿nfO{ k9fpg

tl:a/ ;fef/M 8f= lk6/ xh lk|G8n÷jg{ Og lju'6f/ g]kfnaf6

kl08t k'0ok|;fbsf]u'?s'n sIff .

^ dlxgf l9F8f] / ^ dlxgf sf]bfsf] vf]n] vfP/ hLjglgjf{x ug]{ lju'6f/ qmdzM ;xh hLjgofkgsf] dfu{dfcu|;/ 5 . ToxfF lah'nL k'u]sf] 5 . 3§ / d]lzgaf6s'6fgL–lk;fgL x'g yfn]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ jif{el/ g} k]6e/Lvfg] ePsf 5g\ .

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/fhL x'g'eof] . /Tgk|;fbsf] k|:tfj / k'0ok|;fbsf]Tof] ;xdltn] cf]vn9'Ëfsf] Tof] lg/If/ ufpF dfqxf]Og, To; jl/kl/sf s'Gtfb]jL, nfdL8fF8f, /fdk'/,xs{k'/, k|fKrf, s6'~h]b]lv ;f]n'sf] ;Nofg / k~rg;DdsfufpFdf lzIffsf] pHofnf] km}lng k|f/De eof] .

z'?df k'0ok|;fbn] s;}sf] dtfgdf a;]/ w'nf}6f]dfw"nf] eb{} / 5]:sfn] sf]b{} …s, v==Ú sf] k|f/De u/fpg'eof] .To;kl5 pxfFn] /Tgk|;fbsf] ;fgf] b'O{kfv] v/sf] 3/dfk9fpg yfNg'eof] . lj=;+= !((& df ;NsfPsf] lzIffsf]Tof] aQL clxn] klg lg/Gt/ aln/x]sf] 5 / To;sf]cfef ‰g\‰g\ km}nFb} uPsf] 5 .

ljBfyL{x¿ cf–cfˆgf ufpF3/af6 u'Gb|L, u'Gb|'s,;fdn–t'dn / sk8f af]s]/ lju'6f/df k9\g cfpFy] .a]n'sf pHofnf] lglDt lxpFbdf 9f]8 a6'Ng], ;L6f l6Kg]/ bfp/f hDdf ug{] sfd x'GYof] . To;}sf] pHofnf]df/flt bz–P3f/ ah];Dd k9fO rNYof] . laxfg e'se's]b]lvgf} ah];Dd k'/fgf] kf7 cfj[lQ u/fOGYof] / s]xLl5gvfhfsf] ;do 5'6\ofP/ km]l/ ;a} k9\g yfNy] . lbpF;f]tLg–rf/ ah]lt/ 5'§L x'GYof] / ljBfyL{x¿ 3/sf] bfp/f,3fF;sf] sfd ;Sy] . clg ;fF‰ kg{ nfu]kl5 3/dfds}–e6df;, sf]bfsf] /f]6L, l9F8f], ds}sf] eft h] 5vfP/ /flqsIffdf k9\g h'l6xfNy] . u'? cToGt s7f]/x'g'x'GYof] . ;"q, j[lQ / zAb ;fWg] sfdnfO{ s07:yu/fpg], s07 u/L g;'gfP;Dd cl3Nnf] kf7 glbg]pxfFsf] afgL lyof] . pxfFn] u'?s'nLo lzIffs} z}nLckgfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

dWodf k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]kl5 ))$ ;fndf ;/sf/LlzIfssf] ?kdf pxfFsf] lgo'lQm cf]vn9'Ëf ;b/d'sfdsf];/sf/L :s"ndf eof] . )!# ;fndf lju'6f/ efiffk7fzfnf :yflkt ePkl5 pxfF ToxfF k9fpg yfNg'eof] .o;kl5 u'?sf] cWofkgsf b'O{ leGg :yfg / If]qeP . pxfF lbgel/ efiff k7fzfnfdf k9fpg'x'GYof] .lbpF;f] Ps 306fsf] 5'§Ldf n3'sf}d'bL / ;+:s[t k9\g]5fqx¿nfO{ rp/df a;]/ k9fpg'x'GYof] . laxfg a]n'sf;+:s[tsf ljBfyL{x¿ pxfF;Fu k9\g] uy{] . slxn] j/sf]km]bdf, s'g} rf}tf/f]df rp/df cyjf s;}sf] dtfgdfpxfFsf ljBfyL{x¿ kf7 3f]Sg Jo:t x'Gy] . ;+:s[tk9\g] ljBfyL{x¿n] tLg jif{df n3'sf}d'bL, cd/sf]z //3'j+z dxfsfJo kl9;Sg'kYof]{ / To;afkt ?=#))cyjf ;f] a/fa/sf] ds}–sf]bf], blIf0ffsf ¿kdf u'?nfO{lbg'kYof]{ . ljBfyL{x¿sf x'ndf u'?sf 5f]/f elthfx¿klg x'Gy] .

lju'6f/ lxpFbdf cToGt lr;f] x'g] / jiff{df h'sfnfUg] 7fpF xf] . ToxfF wfg v]tL sd x'G5 . ds}sf]bf], ToxfFsf] d'Vo cGg xf] . To; ufpFdf h;s;}n]klg ds} / sf]bf] g} vfP/ u'hf/f ug'{kYof]{ . b"w,bxL, df]xL, l3p / ;fu;AhL eg] ToxfF k|z:t kfOGYof] .u'? / aflx/sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ufpFn]n] w]/} s'/f l;Q}FdflbGy] klg . lbgel/ xnL–uf]7fnf], bfp/f–3fF;, d]nfkftug{]x¿ klg /flt u'?;Fu k9\g cfpFy] . h;sf sf/0fufpFdf ;fIf/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} uof] .

xfdL w]/} hgf uf]7fnf ufpFsf, ul/a k"j{h uf]7fnfsf;Gtfgx¿sf] r]tgf / hLjg–ofqfnfO{ lj:tfl/t ug{]tL dxfg u'? ca o; ;+;f/df x'g'x'Gg . cfh tL…u'?afÚ nfO{ :d/0f ug]{ d h:tf ljBfyL{x¿ xhf/sf]xf/fxf/Ldf 5g\ . To; uf]7fnf] ufpFsf ;wF} v;|' /nfª\7]sf ¿vdf ‰'l08g], eL/—kx/f ub}{ lxF8\g], s6f/Lb]lvef/L af]s]/ ;f]n'sf] bf]k"{ k'¥ofpg] dhb'/sf ;Gtfgx¿;dy{ / lzlIft eP/ k}mnFb} uPsf 5g\ . ^ dlxgfl9F8f] / ^ dlxgf sf]bfsf] vf]n] vfP/ hLjg lgjf{xug]{ lju'6f/ qmdzM ;xh hLjgofkgsf] dfu{df cu|;/5 . ToxfF lah'nL k'u]sf] 5 . 3§ / d]lzgaf6 s'6fgL–lk;fgL x'g yfn]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ jif{el/ g} k]6e/Lvfg] ePsf 5g\ .

dnfO{ ;D‰gf 5— d]/f lktfhL /Tgk|;fbn]@)@!÷@@ ;fnlt/, ^÷& jif{sf] pd]/df dnfO{k'0ok|;fbsf] /]vb]vdf k9fpg yfNg'ePsf] lyof] . w]/}h;f] l9F8f] / sf]bfsf] vf]n] vfP/, e'6]sf yf]/} ds}n]/ft u'hf/]/ d k9\g uO/x]F . /flt slxn] u'?af a:g]

7fpF, slxn]— df]tLnfnsf] yf]qf] 3/, slxn] ;'s'6La"9Lsf] vfnL dtfg, slxn] a;fOF ;/]sf j+z]sf] 3/,slxn] ;]t' bfxfn / b]jLk|;fb l3ld/]sf dtfgx¿df;b}{ xfd|f] k9fO lg/Gt/ rln/Xof] . To;/L k9]sfx¿clxn] sf]xL sn]hdf k9fpFb} 5g\, sf]xL /fd|f] hflu/df5g\, sf]xL 3/–u[x:yLd} klg …;r]tÚ eP/ nfu]sf 5g\ .

)!# ;fndf z'? ePsf] efiff kf7zfnfsf] 3/)!*—)!( lt/ dfq aGof] . ufpFn]x¿sf] ;xof]udfcln—cln s';L{, a]~r ag] . t/, :s"nsf ljBfyL{x¿klg rL;f] rp/ / 9'Ëfdf g} a;]/ k9\g afWo lyP .s]xL sIff;Dd d}n] klg lbpF;f] efiff kf7zfnf /;fF‰—laxfg, u'?;Fu ;+:s[t k9]+ . 3fdkfgLsf] kL8fxfdL ;—;fgf j/sf ¿vsf k]mbdf ls kf7zfnfsf]k]6Ldf a;]/ ‰]Ng] uYof}{+ . xfd|f v'§fdf h'Qf—rKknlyPgg\ . sk8fsf gfpFdf bf}/f / ef]6f], 6f]kLdf xfdLx'GYof}+ . hfF8f]df n'u\n'u\ sfDg' / udL{df /fkn] lklN;g'xfd|f b}glGbg lyP . lju'6f/sf ;a} hft / ju{sfljBfyL{x¿n] oL ;a} x08/ v]k]sf lyP / …u'?afÚ tLx08/x¿dfly ljho k|fKt ug{ ;bf k|]/0ff lbO/xg'x'GYof] .yfxf 5}g xfdL sltn] …x08/Ú dfly ljho kfof}+ /xfdL sltnfO{ x08/x¿n] lht] . t/ clxn];Dd klglju'6f/sf k|To]s 3/df kl08t k'0ok|;fb bfxfnsf]gfd >4f;fy lng] ul/G5 .

lbpF;f] Ps 306fsf] 5'§Ldf n3'sf}d'bL / ;+:s[t k9\g] 5fqx¿nfO{rp/df a;]/ k9fpg'x'GYof] . laxfg–a]n'sf ;+:s[tsf ljBfyL{x¿pxfF;Fu k9\g] uy{] . slxn] j/sf] km]bdf, s'g} rf}tf/f]dfrp/df cyjf s;}sf] dtfgdf pxfFsf ljBfyL{x¿ kf7 3f]SgJo:t x'Gy] .

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lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%18

JolQmTj a'l4gfy ltjf/L

p6f lzIfssf] ;'of]Uotfsf] klxnf] ;"rs xf]Mpm;Fu s]6fs]6L óflDdg' . d'u'sf] ;b/d'sfd

udu9Lsf] Pp6f :s"nsf] k|fª\u0fdf ;'Gg] zlQmaf6jl~rt afnaflnsfx¿ Pshgf JolQmsf] jl/kl/ ‰'lDdP/rn]sf] b]Vbf dnfO{ tL JolQm lzIfs xf]nfg\ h:tf]nfu]sf] lyPg . kl5 yfxf eof] pgL dxfsfnL pRrdfWolds ljBfnosf ljz]if–lzIff lzIfs /x]5g\ .j}zfv–h]7 dlxgfsf] ;'Vvf df};ddf udu9Laf6 /f/ftfnk'Ubf h:t} cfgGb k|fKt eof] !) hgf alx/f s]6fs]6L/ pgsf lzIfs–cleefjs a'l4gfy ltjf/LnfO{ e]6\bf .klxnf] e]6]sf] ;f9] b'O{ jif{kl5 dfq ;Dej eof] oLlzIfssf] JolQmTj leq k:g .

sf:sLsf] a]ugf;df @)@% ;fndf hlGdPsfa'l4gfy ;fg}df 6'x'/f ePsf lyP . dfjnLn] pgnfO{P;Pn;L eGbf a9L k9fpg ;s]gg\ . pgsf dfjnLnfO{Tolt a]nfb]lv clxn];Dd d'u'd} k9fO/x]sL l5d]sLsfsL OGb|s'df/Ln] d'u'df lzIfs agfpg ;Nnfx lbOg\ .Toltv]/ pgL @) jif{sf dfq lyP . pgL ;'v]{taf6^ lbg lxF8]/ @)$% ;fnsf] ;fpg # ut] udu9Lk'u] . pgL ;D‰G5g\, æcf7 hgf lzIfs rflxPsf]/x]5, hfFr lbg] lyof}F @! hgf .Æ pgsf] gfd rf}yf]gDa/df lgl:sof] .

z'?df a'l4gfynfO{ olt w]/} ;do d'u' a:5' h:tf]nfu]sf] lyPg . Psb'O{ jif{df k9fO vr{ lgsfn]kl5kms{g] ljrf/ lyof] . t/ pgL ot} a;] . @) jif{sf]lzIfs hLjgdf pgn] lhNnfsf &÷* j6f :s"n

rxfl/;s]sf 5g\ . j}jflxs ;DaGwdf k}bf ePsf]ptf/r9fjn] ubf{ zx/ kms]{/ yk cWoog ug]{ pgsf];kgf ;fsf/ x'g ;s]g . pgL ljgf Unflg eG5g\,æd]/f] klxnf] lax] @)$) ;fndf ePsf] lyof] . t/Tof] cgd]n lyof] .Æ kl5 @)$& ;fndf d~h' kf}8]n;Fupgsf] bf];|f] laxf eof] . clxn] pgsf l;h{gf /cho u/L b'O{ ;Gtfg 5g\ .

udu9Ld} a;]/ pgn] cª\u|]hLdf aLP8 / g]kfnLdfPdP ul/;s]sf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æ@)$( ;fndfk|fylds lzIfssf] tflndsf nflu ;f]?af6 udu9LcfPsf] lyPF . dxfsfnL df=lj= Tolta]nf ev{/} pRrdf=lj= ePsf] lyof] . tflnd cjlwe/ lbpF;f] tflnd/ laxfg !! sIffdf k9\g yfn]F .Æ lzIfs tflndsflglDt cfPsf a]nfotL :jo+;]js DofuL / :ofnL;Fusf];Ëtn] cª\u|]hL /fd|f] agfpg kfP . To;}n] ubf{cª\u|]hLdf aLP8 ug]{ cfF6 knfof] . t/ Pd=P= rflxFcª\u|]hLdf ug{] cfF6 cfPg . To;}n] @)%& ;fndfg]kfnLdf PdP u/] . pgsf] k9fOdf d'u'sf ljBfyL{n]d"No ltg'{ k/]sf] eP klg Pp6f ;dlk{t lZfIfs eP/pgn] Tof] C0f /fd|};Fu r'Stf u/]sf 5g\ .

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5 hxfF pgL cf+lzs lzIfs 5g\ . tLg jif{kl5k|flj låtLo txsf] :yfoL hflu/af6 :j]lR5s cjsfzlnP/ SofDk;df k"0f{sfnLg lzIfs x'g] pgsf] OR5f5 . æt/ oxfF /fd|f] aGbf]a:t gu/L oL alx/fs]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ d r6Ss 5f8\lbgFÚ, pgL eG5g\ .;s];Dd :yfgLo ckfª\unfO{ g} tflnd lbP/ cfˆgf]pQ/flwsf/ 5f8\g] of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ pgn] . of]sfd ug{ Psfw dlxnf lzIfsn] rf;f] b]vfPsfn]pgL lgs} cfzfjfbL 5g\ .

pgsf cToGt sdhf]/ cfFvfn] pgnfO{ ljz]if–lzIff lzIfs aGg d2t k'¥ofPsf x'g\ . dfOg; @=%sf] r:df nufpFbf klg pgnfO{ /ftdf b]Vg xDd]k5{ . alx/f s]6f]s]6L;Fu a:g c¿ lzIfsx¿ tof/gePkl5 a'l4nfO{ pQm lhDd]jf/L cfOk/]sf] xf] . pgLeG5g\, æckfËx¿sf lglDt ;s];Dd ckfËnfO{ g} ;|f]tlzIfs /fVg] gLlt ePsf sf/0f klg d oxfF sfhdfcfOk'u]sf] x'F .Æ

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o'jfx¿sf nflu lqms]6 / bf];|f]Ù lzIfssf nflu58L . clxn] klg o'jfx¿df lqms]6 / lzIfsx¿df58L ltg} b]zdf nf]slk|o 5, hxfF Psk6s a]nfotL;fd|fHo lyof] . g]kfndf a]nfotLx¿sf] k|ToIf zf;g/x]g, To;}n] oxfF lqms]6 klg Tolt nf]slk|o ePgt/ lzIfssf nflu 58L eg] hËaxfb'/n] a]nfotofqfkl5 ;g\ !(!) df leœofP/} 5f8] .

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kfl/>lds;Fu ufFl;Psf] x'G5 eg] EofO{–gEofO{ lkl/o8lng]x¿ ;do ldnfpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u5{g\ .

laxfg SofDk;df latfpg] l;? ;fOlgË dfWoldsljBfno, eQmk'/sf cy{zf:q ljifosf lzIfs dxfzdf{sf] u'gf;f] cyf]{kfh{g;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . pgL eG5g\,æ:yfoL cfosf] ;'/lIft af6f] gePkl5 h] ;Dej 5ToxL t ug'{ k¥of] lg, xf]Og / ÛÆ

o:tf lzIfsx¿ Joj:yfkgn] cfˆgf] >d zf]if0fu/]sf] u'gf;f] klg u5{g\ . ægfd rn]sf pRr dfljx¿n]klg ;:tf]df lzIfs kfOof] eg] hlta]nf klg lgsfNg;S5g\Æ– k'/fgf] afg]Zj/sf] Pp6f pRr dfljn] cfkm"nfO{lagfsf/0f ljbf u/]sf] tLtf] cg'ej ;'gfpFb} lzIfslbg]z zdf{n] eg], æclwsf+z Joj:yfksx¿nfO{ :t/LolzIffsf] jf:tf 5}g . pgLx¿ k"/} k};fd'vL 5g\ .Æ

lghL sn]hdf Ps lkl/o8 k9fpg] lzIfsn] dfl;sb'O{ xhf/b]lv k}FtfnL; ;o ?k}ofF;Dd klg kfl/>ldslnG5g\ . Ps lbgdf rf/÷kfFr lkl/o8 k9fpg] lzIfsn];fdfGotof dlxgfsf] ?=!@ xhf/b]lv ?=!% xhf/;Ddsdfpg ;S5 .

c;Gt'li6sf] c;/lzIfsnfO{ lzIffsf] hu elgG5 . hu g} sdhf]/ /ljrlnt 5 eg] To;n] ux|'Ëf] ;+/rgf y]Ug ;Sb}g .dgf]j}1flgs 8f= clgn ‰fsf cg';f/ xtf/, xtf; /c;'/Iffsf] dgl:yltdf sf]xL klg dfG5] ;fdfGo xF'b}g .‰f eG5g\, æ‰g\ lzIf0f eg]sf] Psvfnsf] snfsd{ xf],hxfF l;h{gzLn x'g'k5{ . dfgl;s, k]zfut l:y/tfPj+ ;Gt'li6 geOsg dflg; l;h{gzLn x'g;Sb}g .Æ

xfn g]kfndf !%$% pRr dflj ;~rflnt 5g\ .ltgdf (^$ j6f ;fd'bflos 5g\ eg] afFsL lghL . pRrdfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\sf ;x;lrj b'uf{k|;fb cof{nsfcg';f/ pRr dfljdf !! xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf lzIfsx¿sfo{/t 5g\Ù t/ tLdWo] sf]xL klg :yfoL 5}gg\ .

;/sf/n] pdflj lzIfssf] b/aGbL af/]df :ki6gLlt Nofpg g;s]sf] cf/f]k lzIfsx¿sf] 5 . æha;Ddo;af/] ;/sf/ ;r]t x'Fb}g ta;Dd ultnf] lzIfs /:t/Lo lzIff rflxof] eGg' a]sf/ 5Æ, g]kfn lzIfs;+3sf cWoIf df]xg 1jfnL eG5g\ .

:ki6 ;/sf/L gLlt gePsfn] >d zf]if0f ePsflzIfsn] sfg"gL pkrf/sf] af6f] kfPsf 5}gg\ . lghLIf]qsf pRr dfljx¿n] lzIfsnfO{ sd kfl/>ldsdfsfd nufPsf] dfq xf]Og ToxL yf]/} kfl/>lds klga]nfdf glbg] rng a9\b} uPsf] u'gf;f] lzIfsx¿n]u/]sf 5g\ .

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;fd'bflos pRr dfljnfO{ eg]/ b'O{hgf lzIfssfnflu cg'bfg:j¿k ;/sf/n] /sd pknAw u/fpFb}cfPsf] 5 . t/ Tof] klg cl3Nnf] jif{ btf{ ePsfnfO{dfq . ljBfyL{sf] dfl;s z'Ns / rGbfaf6} w]/}h;f]pRrdfljx¿ rln/x]sf 5g\ . æo;}sf/0f lzIfssf]kfl/>lds klg cGosf] t'ngfdf sd x'g' :jfefljs5Æ cof{n ts{ u5{g\ .

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dfGotof laxfg $M#)ah]b]lv d]/f] b}lgsL z'?

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sDKo'6/nufotsf ljleGg pks/0fx¿ .

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Od]nM [email protected]

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%26

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lzIffnfO{ df}lns xssf] ¿kdf /fVg}kg]{ afWotf ;+ejtM ut jif{ hf/L ePsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] ;[hgf ul/lbPsf] xf] .cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] dfWoldstx;Ddsf] lzIff …sfg"g adf]lhd lgMz'Nskfpg]Ú eg]/ df}lns xssf] ¿kdf :jLsf/]sf]5 . ;+ljwfg;efåf/f agfOg] gofF ;+ljwfgdfcu|ufdL b]lvg'kg]{ afWotfn] ubf{ klg bnx¿lzIffnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf /fVg afWoePsf x'g;S5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] bafakl5cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf pQm k|fjwfg /fVg;ft bn ;xdt ePsf lyP .

df}lns clwsf/sf] dxndf s'gtx;Ddsf] lzIffnfO{ s;/L /flvG5,To;lglDt t ;+ljwfg;efn] hf/L ug]{;+ljwfg g} s'g'{kg]{ x'G5 . tyflk bnx¿n]3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v u/] ‰}F efjL ;+ljwfgdfklg cfwf/e"t lzIffnfO{ df}lns xssf]¿kdf /fVg ;kmn eP eg] Tof] lgSs}dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAw dflgg]5 . æTo;kl5s'g} klg gful/sn] lzIff kfOgF eg]/cbfntdf uof] eg] cbfntn] p;nfO{lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ cfb]z

lbg]5Æ, clwjQmf z]/axfb'/ s]=;L= eG5g\ .t/ s]=;L= h'g tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Nsx'g] xf], Tof] tx;Ddsf] lzIffnfO{ df}lnsxsdf /fVbf Jofjxfl/s x'g] atfpF5g\ .df}lns xsdf /flvg] of] k|fjwfgn];/sf/sf] sfFwdf eg] 7"nf] lhDd]jf/Lylklbg]5 . lsgeg] kl5Nnf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfndf sl/a $^ k|ltzt dflg;lg/If/ 5g\ eg] ‰08} !# k|ltzt k|fyldsljBfno hfg] pd]/sf afnaflnsfn]:s"nsf] 9f]sf b]Vg kfPsf 5}gg\ . lzIffnfO{df}lns xs dflg;s]kl5 olt 7"nf];ª\Vofdf lzIffsf] cj;/af6 jl~rtdflg;x¿nfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIff lbg /fHoafWo x'g]5, p;n] ;|f]t–;fwg ePg eGg]axfgf agfpg kfpg] 5}g .

km]l/ lgMz'Nssf] gf/f@)$^ ;fndf ax'bnLo Joj:yf k'g:yf{kgfx'Fbf sIff % ;Dd dfq lgMz'Ns lyof] .@)$* ;fnsf] cfd r'gfjdf dt dfUgsfnflu sfª\u|]; Pdfn] b'j}n] lgMz'Ns lzIffsf]gf/f r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf /fv] . ltgtfsfsfª\u|];sf] 5lj k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf]cg'ofoLsf ¿kdf /x]sf] lyof] eg] Pdfn];fDojfbk|lt k|lta4 kf6L{ eg]/ lrlgGYof] .r'gfj lht]/ Psnf}6L ;/sf/ agfPkl5sfª\u|];sf] ;/sf/n] klxnf] jif{d} sIff^ af6 a;]{lg qmdzM lgMz'Ns ub}{ hfg]3f]if0ff u¥of] . @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw

g} s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .o;af/]df lzIffljb\ s]bf/eQm dfy]df eG5g\,æb]znfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf n}hfg] xf] eg]klg s]Gb|n] cfˆgf] bfloTj / e"ldsfnfO{a]jf:tf ug'{x'Fb}g .Æ ‰08} ;jf b'O{ ;ojif{b]lv ;+3Lo /fHox¿sf] cEof; ub}{ cfPsf];+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] s]Gb| ;/sf/n]lzIffsf] ljsf;sf nflu a;]{lg c/af}+ 8n/nufgL ug]{ u/]sf] 5 eg] g]kfn h:tf]d'n'sdf clwsf/sf] x:tfGt/0f ub}{df rflxg]hlt ;|f]t–;fwg :yfgLo:t/df cfkm}+ h'6\5g\eg]/ cg'dfg ug'{ Jofjxfl/s x'g] b]lvFb}g .

gofF k|lta4tfM df}lns xsdf lzIffd'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cf–cfˆgf]3f]if0ffkqdf lzIffnfO{ efjL ;+ljwfgdfdf}lns xssf] ¿kdf /fVg] k|lta4tf JoQmu/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] 3f]if0ffkqdfelgPsf] 5, æcfwf/e"t lzIff k|fKt ug'{;a} g]kfnL gful/ssf] df}lns xs x'g]5 .Æt/ Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLn] c‰ cufl8 a9]/lzIff;Fu} c¿ If]qnfO{ klg df}lns xsdf/fVg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . Pdfn]n]lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/ / vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf]xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf sfod ul/g]jfrf u/]sf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLn] cfjf;nfO{klg df}lns xssf] ¿kdf /fVg] c7f]6u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L g]skf PsLs[tnufotsf ;fgf jfd bnx¿n] klg oxLkblrGxnfO{ k5\ofPsf 5g\ . ;+j}wflgs

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lgjf{rgkl5 ;Qfdf k'u]sf] Pdfn]n]lgMz'Nssf] gLltnfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lbof]/ dfWolds tx;Dd} lgMz'Ns eof] . t/;/sf/n] z}lIfs ;fdu|Lb]lv ljBfnosf]ejg lgdf{0f÷dd{t / kmlg{r/nufotsfsfdnfO{ rflxg] hlt cfly{s ;|f]t lbg;s]g . kl/0ffd:j?k Psflt/ ljBfnox¿s'g} g s'g} axfgfdf z'Ns p7fpg afWoeP eg] csf{lt/ lzIffsf] :t/ v:sFgyfNof] . lghL / ;fj{hlgs :s"n aLrsf]vf8n ‰g\ ulxl/ Fb } hfg yfNof ] .dfcf]jfbLsf] km}lnFbf] ;z:q ljb|f]xsf]cgk]lIft lj:tf/df lubf]{ ;fj{hlgs lzIffsf]dxŒjk"0f{ xft ePsf] lgisif{df k'u]kl5sfª\u|]; / Pdfn]n] @)%* ;fndf cfP/cfˆgf k"j{ k|lta4tfx¿sf afah"b ltg{;Sg];Fu sIff ̂ b]lv z'Ns p7fpg ldNg];xdlt u/] . lzIff P]gsf ] ;ftf } +;+zf]wgdfkm{t To;nfO{ sfg"gd} ;dflji6ul/of] . lgMz'Nsaf6 k'gM z'Ns nufpg]lg0f{osf] cfnf]rgf x'Fbf To;sf] arfp ub}{tTsfnLg lzIffdGqL cfdf]bk|;fb pkfWofon];fj{hlgs ¿kdf eg]sf lyP, æxfd|f];/sf/sf] h'g cfly{s cj:yf 5, To;n]lgMz'Ns lzIff wfGg ;Sb}g . ;Sg];Fulng], g;Sg]nfO{ lbg] gLlt nfu" u¥of}+eg] dfq ;d'bfo / ;/sf/ ldn]/ ;fwg–;|f]t h'6fpg ;S5f}+, lzIffsf] :t/ klgpsfl;Fb} hfG5 . xfdL oyfy{sf] w/ftndf

plqg vf]h]sf xf}+, hgtfnfO{ cNdNofpg]s'/f b]zelQm x'g ;Sb}g .Æ

t/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf km]l/Psk6s lgMz'Ns lzIffsf ] gf/fn]kf6L{x¿sf 3f]if0ffkq /lËPsf 5g\ .dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn] b'j}n] !@ sIff;Ddsf]lzIff lgMz'Ns ug]{ jfrf u/]/ gf/fjfbLk|lt:kwf{df Psn] csf]{nfO{ pl5Gg] k|oTgu/]sf 5g\ . a? ;fgf] jfd kf6L{ hgdf]rf{n]rflxF sIff !) ;Dd dfq lgMz'Ns ug'{kg]{atfP/ yf]/} eP klg oyfy{jfbL x'g] k|oTgu/]sf] 5 . otf sfª\u|];n] rflxF htfklg cy{ nufpg ldNg] u/L lgMz'Nssf]…gÚ klg pNn]v gu/]/ a7\ofOF u/]sf] 5 .sfª\u|];sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf elgPsf] 5, æsIff!) ;Ddsf] ljBfno lzIffsf] k|aGw /fHosf]bfloTj x'g]5 .Æ

/fhgLlts bnx¿ ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsf]nflu / cfˆgf] k'/ftgjfbL ;f]raf6 d'Qmx'g g;s]sfn] lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] kl5nfu]sf] cf/f]k 5 . log} bnx¿n] rflxg]hlt ;|f]t–;fwgsf] Joj:yf gu/L dfWoldslzIff lgMz'Ns ubf{ ;fj{hlgs lzIff aaf{bx'g k'u]sf] tYo ;a}sf ;fd' 5 . /fHosf]cfly{s ;|f]t ;fwgaf6 c‰} s}og\ jif{;DdhgtfnfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg;Sg] ;Defjgfb]vf k/]sf] 5}g . sfª\u| ];, Pdfn],dfcf]jfbLnufotsf h'g kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkqk9\bf klg b]zn] lgs6 eljiodf pNn]Vo

cfly{s k|ult ug]{ cfzf ug]{ 7fpF e]l6Fb}g .ælgMz'Ns lzIff lbgsf nflu ;fwg–;|f]tsxfFaf6 cfpF5 eGg] s'/f s'g} klg kf6L{sf]3f ] i f0 f fkqdf b ] lv Fb }gÆ , sf7df8f } FljZjljBfnosf] lzIffzf:q ;+sfosf 8Lgk|f=8f= dgk|;fb jfUn] eG5g\, ælgMz'NselgPsf] k|fylds txsf nflu t rflxg]hlt cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ;/sf/n]ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g eg] gofF / ljZj;gLo;|f]t gvf]lhsg pRr dfWolds tx;DdlgMz'Ns lzIff lbG5' eGg' ;fx|} xr'jfs'/f xf] .Æ lzIfssf] tnasf] Joj:yfug'{ g} lzIff lgMz'Ns ug'{ xf] eGg] e|daf6d'Qm x'g kf6L{x¿nfO{ pgsf] ;'‰fj 5 .

x 'g klgÙ clwsf +z ;fj {hlgsljBfnox¿sf] ef}lts l:ylt bogLo 5 .ljBfnodf gfddfqsf z}lIfs ;fdu|L 5g\ .w]/}h;f] ljBfnodf k':tsfno 5}g, hxfF5 ToxfF klg kof{Kt lstfax¿ 5}gg\ .k|ljlwsf] of] o'udf ljsl;t b]zx¿dfsIffsf]7fdf k|efjsf/L 9Ën] lzIf0f ug]{dfWod g} ;"rgfk|ljlw eO;Sof] . t/xfd|f ax';ª\Vos ljBfnon] sDKo'6/sf]d'v g} b]v]sf 5}gg\ . l:ylt slt;Ddgfh's 5 eg] sl/a ^@ xhf/ lzIfsb/aGbLsf] vfFrf] 5, t/ kl5Nnf] ( jif{b]lv;/sf/n] Pp6f klg b/aGbL l;h{gf u/]sf]5}g . of] cj:yfdf pRr dfWolds xf]Og,dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns u5'{

s;sf] 3f]if0ffkg]kfnL sfª\u|];• cfwf/e"t lzIff df}lns xs• lzIffnfO{ ;do;fk]If, ;j{;'ne / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] bfloTj /fHosf]• sIff !) ;Ddsf] lzIff /fHosf] bfloTj• ;fj{hlgs / lghL lzIffno aLrsf] vf8n sd ug]{• ;/sf/Lsf] :t/ j[l4 / lghLnfO{ ;dflhs bfloTj jxg ug{ nufpg]• k|fljlws / /f]huf/Ld"ns lzIffsf] lj:tf/• k|fylds tx;Dd dft[efiffdf lzIff• ljZjljBfnosf] z}lIfs :t/ cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k|lt:kwL{ agfpg]• lzIfs / k|fWofkssf k]zfut ;'/Iff / k|fl1s :jtGqtfsf] ;'lglZrttf• lzIfs 5gf]6, lgo'lQm / Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/• dWo / ;'b"/klZrddf ax'd'vL ljZjljBfnosf] lgdf{0f

g]skf Pdfn]• df}lns xsdf lzIff• d'n'sel/ Pp6}:t/sf] lzIffsf] ;'lglZrttf• lzIffsf] nflu ljz]if s/• lg/If/tf pGd"ng ug{ /fli6«o cleofg• sIff * ;Dd clgjfo{ / !@ sIff;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns . dfWolds

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dfcf]jfbLsf] ;z:q åGå;Fu} cf]/fnf] nfUof]/ clxn] Tof] @–# k|ltzt dfq 5 .b]zdf c‰} /fhgLlts l:y/tf / zflGtcfO;s]sf] 5}g . æb]zsf] cfly{s l:yltsd{rf/L, ;]gf, k|x/L / lzIfssf] tnav'jfpg klg c;Ifd 5 eg] dflj ofpRr dflj tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg]s'/f xfnnfO{ ;kgfsf] s'/f xf]Æ, Kofs'/]neG5g\, .

sbflrt\ b]zsf] cfly{s cj:yfn] ;fylbP klg …lgMz'Ns lzIff g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{dfslt pko'Qm 5Ú eGg] k]lrnf] k|Zg /lxg}/xg]5 . lzIffljb\ 8f= k"0f{sfGt clwsf/Lsf]ljrf/df ælgMz'Nssf] gf/f s]jn ;:tf]nf]slk|otfsf] nflu dfq nufOPsf] 5, To;n]lzIffnfO{ pFef] xf]Og, pFwf] dfq nufpF5 .Æclwsf/L eG5g\, æk};f lt/]kl5 dfqcleefjsn] cfˆgf afnaflnsfsf] k9fOsf]/fd|f] glthf vf]H5g\, gq vf]Hb}gg\ .Æ @)@*;fndf gofF lzIff nfu" ePkl5 ;d'bfoaf6/fHon] :s"n vf];]/ / kl5 ax'bn cfPkl5lgMz'Nssf] cJojxfl/s gf/f nufPsf sf/0fxfd|f] lzIff Wj:t ePsf] xf] . To;}n] of];f]r g} k|ltufdL 5 .Æ olb /fHo wgLeof] / lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg;Sg] eof] eg]klg xfd|f] ;dfhsf] ;f+:s[lts cj:yfnfO{Wofgdf /fv]/ /fHon] ef}r/ k|0ffnLsf]dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{sf] xft x'Fb} k};f ljBfnodfk7fpg'k5{, clxn] k|fylds txdf lbPsf]

eGg' klg xf:of:kb k|tLt x'G5 . lzIffdGqfnon] ut jif{ lgsfn]sf] cfFs8fcg';f/ dfWolds tx;Dd k"/} lgMz'Nsug]{ xf] eg] yk ?=!@ ca{ *$ s/f]8nfU5 . of] /sd h'6fpg g} oyfl:yltdfc;Dejk|foM g} b]lvG5 . sIff !! /!@ df /fHosf] nufgL gfddfqsf] 5 .;f] txdf () k|ltzteGbf a9L nufgLc leefjsx¿n ] g } u/ ]s f 5g \ .pRrdfWolds kl/ifb\n] clxn];Dd k|lt–ljBfyL{ nfutsf] lx;fa glgsfn]sf] ePklg of] tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns ug]{xf] eg] /fHon] yk 7"nf] wg/fzLsf] hf]xf]ug}}{ kg]{ x'G5 .

t/ /fHosf] cfly{s cj:yf rflxFkf6L{x¿sf] of] ;kgf;Fu d]n vfFb}g .cy{zf:qL k|f=8f= ljZjDe/ Kofs'/]nsfcg';f/, dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIfflgMz'Ns ug{ b]zsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ sDtLdf& k|ltzt x'g' h?/L x'G5 . æolb b]zdf/fhgLlts l:y/tf / k"0f{ zflGt 5 eg]/dfGg] xf] eg] klg ;g\ @)!@ ;Dddf%=&* k|ltzteGbf dfly cfly{s j[l4x'g;Sg] b]lvFb}gÆ, pgL eG5g\ . Kofs'/]nsf]cg'dfgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf g]kfnn] & k|ltztcfly{s j[l4b/ xfl;n ug{ ;a} s'/f /fd|}x'Fb} uPdf c‰ sDtLdf ^÷& jif{ nfUg]b]lvG5 . @)$^ sf] kl/jt{gkl5 qmdzMa9]/ & k|ltzt k'u]sf] cfly{s j[l4b/

h:tf] lgMz'Ns ug{ gx'g] clwsf/Lsf] ;'‰fj5 . pgL 9'Ss ;fy eG5g\, æ;Sg];Fuz'Ns lng], g;Sg]nfO{ ;/sf/n] lbg] gLltg} g]kfndf ;a}eGbf Jofjxfl/s / ;fy{sx'g] b]lvG5 .Æ

dxŒjk"0f{ d'2f cf]‰]ndflgMz'Ns lzIffsf] cljZj;gLo gf/fnufpg] kf6L{x¿n] ;Daf]wg ug}{kg]{ lzIffsfdxŒjk"0f{ d'2fx¿nfO{ rflxF ;w}F 5'6fpg]u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L cfFs8f cg';f/ :s"nhfg] pd]/sf ‰08} !# k|ltzt afnaflnsfljBfnoeGbf aflx/ 5g\ . æclt g} u/La;d'bfosf g} x'g\ tL afnaflnsf . tLdWo]clwsf+z afnaflnsf ltgsf cleefjs;Fulaxfg–a]n'sfsf] 5fs 6fg{ ;Fu} sfd u5{g\ÆlzIffljb\ 8f= x[bo/Tg ah|frfo{ eG5g\,æs]xL afnaflnsf 3/glhs} ljBfnogePsfn] k9\g gkfPsf xf]nfg\ t/ 7"nf]lx:;f rflxF ltgsf cleefjsn] cfkm"x¿nfO{clxn]sf] lzIffsf] pkof]lutf gb]v]sfn]k9fOaf6 6f9f /flvPsf x'g\ .Æ To;}n]ltgsf cfdfafa'sf] hLjgofkgsf] nfluljz]if k|aGw u/]/} eP klg afnaflnsfnfO{:s"ndf Nofpg'kg]{ pgsf] wf/0ff 5 . o:tfljifodf kf6L{x¿ k"/} pbf;Lg 5g\ .

;fj{hlgs / lghL lzIffnoaLrsf]a9\bf] vf8n g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] ;a}eGbfdxŒjk"0f{ ;jfn xf] . cfly{s / ;fdflhs

fkqdf s] 5 < • k|fljlws / kf]ln6]lSgs lzIffdf ljz]if hf]8• v'nf ljBfno / ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf• k|To]s /fHodf sDtLdf Pp6f ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf• s[lif tyf jg, Ol~hlgol/ª, d]l8l;g, ;"rgfk|ljlw, Joj:yfkg

cflbdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf

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cjwf/0ffnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfl/g]• cTofw'lgs 1fg, k|ljlw / ;Lko'Qm lzIffgLltsf] kl/sNkgf ;+ljwfgd}

t/fO{ dw]z nf]stflGqs kf6L{• lk5l8Psf / ljkGg ju{nfO{ lzIffdf cfslif{t ug{ ljz]if cleofg• …a[xb\ hftLo PstfÚsf] k|f/De laGb' g} lzIff• P;Pn;L;Ddsf] lzIff ;a}sf nflu lgMz'Ns• 5fqfnfO{ :gfts;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns• t/fO{÷dw]zdf k|fljlws lzIffsf] k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;

• gofF lzIffk4ltsf] th'{df / ljsf;sf nflu pRr:t/Lo /fli6«o lzIffcfof]usf] u7g

• ax' ljZjljBfnosf] cjwf/0ffcg'?k s[lif, jg, k|fljlws tyf;'b"/klZrddf ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf

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g]skf dfcf]jfbL• lzIffnfO{ ;+ljwfgdf df}lns clwsf/df /flvg]• nf]stflGqs u0ftGq cg's"n gofF lzIff gLltsf] lgdf{0f• lzIffdf JofKt Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] cGTo• ;a}nfO{ !@ sIff;Ddsf] lgMz'Ns lzIff• pRr lzIffdf lagf lwtf] ;/n C0f• kfFr jif{leq lg/If/tf pGd"ng• lzIffnfO{ hLjg / pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8g]

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ljifdtf cGTo ug]{ dfWod aGg'kg]{df lzIff:jo+ To;sf] sf/s ag]sf] 5 / To;k|ltc;Gt'li6 / lj/f]wsf :j/x¿ klg pl7g}/x]sf 5g\ . d'Vo kf6L{x¿ klg b]zsf]of] ;d:of;Fu kl/lrt b]lvG5g\ . t/pgLx¿;Fu of] ;d:of xn ug]{ ljZj;gLo/ :ki6 gLlt tyf sfo{qmd 5}g .

;/sf/L cfFs8f cg';f/ sIff ! dfegf{ ePsf dWo] sl/a @) k|ltzt ljBfyL{n]dfq sIff !) kf/ u5{g\ . cfwfeGbfa9L afnaflnsfx¿n] k|fylds tx kf/gub}{ ljBfno 5f8\5g\ / Tof]eGbf klgsdn] dfq lgDg dfWolds tx k"/fu5{g\ . olt w]/} afnaflnsfn] aLr}dfk9fO 5f8\g' ljBfno lzIffsf] 7"nf]c;kmntf xf ] . ; Fu; Fu } ;/sf/–cleefjssf] 7"nf] nufgL v]/ uPsf] 5 .lsg olt w]/} afnaflnsfn] ljBfno5f8]sf xf]nfg\ < kf6L{x¿n] o;sf] sf/0fvf]tNg] k|of; u/]sf 5}gg\ . To:tfafnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnod} l6sfpg' / of]Uogful/s agfpg' g]kfnsf] lzIff If]q;fd'/x]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf] . t/ of];d:ofsf] klxrfg ug{ klg kf6L{x¿c;kmn ePsf 5g\ .

;g\ @))! df hgu0fgf x'Fbf sl/a$^ k|ltzt g]kfnL lg/If/ lyP . clxn]klg sl/a $) k|ltzt dflg;x¿ lg/If//x]sf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . lg/If/ x'FbfltgLx¿sf] ul/aL 36\g] s'/f ‰g\ b'?xx'g uPsf]] 5 . olt w]/} dflg;nfO{ s;/Ll56} ;fIf/ agfpg] < of] cfkm}+df 7"nf]r'gf}tL xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] /fli6«o cleofgrnfP/ kfFr jif{leq lg/If/tf pGd"ngug]{ ;kgf t b]v]sf] 5 t/ pm;Fu o;sf]7f]; sfo{qmd eg] 5}g . Pdfn]n] lg/If/tfpGd"ng ug{ cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ bfaLu/]sf] 5 . t/ ljutdf To:tf] cleofglsg rnfOPg eGg] k|Zg p;}tkm{ kms{g;S5 . sfª\u|];n] t of] d'2fnfO{ 5f]Ps}5}g . kf6L{x¿n] Jofj;flos / k|fljlwslzIffsf] d'2fnfO{ pNn]v t u/]sf 5g\t/ 7f]; ¿kdf oxL u5'{ eGg] ljZj;gLogLlt / sfo{qmd lbPsf 5}gg\ . Jofj;flos/ k|fljlws lzIff kfPdf 7"nf] o'jfzlQmn]b]z–ljb]z htf uP/ eP klg ul/vfgkfpFYof], ;dfh / b]zsf] cfly{snufot;du| ljsf;df klg 7"nf] of]ubfg ug{;SYof] . æ;/sf/n] cfh;Dd ;a}eGbfa9L pk]Iff u/]sf] If]q ePsfn] o;sf]ljsf;df ca ;a}eGbf a9L Wofg

lbg'k5{ .Æ 8f= clwsf/L eG5g\, æcfly{sqmflGt ug]{ xf] eg] Jofj;flos lzIffdfljz]if hf]8 lbg}k5{ .Æ

otfsf jif{x¿df pRr lzIffsf af/]dfklg u'gf;f / c;Gt'li6sf :j/x¿ ‰g\ltVv/ eP/ cfPsf 5g\ . k"/} /fHosf];|f]tdf lge{/ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] :t/‰g\ v:sFb} uO/x]sf] / c¿ ljZjljBfnox¿klg b]zsf] cfjZostf cg'?k grn]sf]u 'gf;f ] oqtqaf6 cfO/x ]sf ] 5 .ljZjljBfnon] lzIff, :jf:Yo, /fhgLlt,k|zf;g, s"6gLlt, ;'/Iff, s[lifnufot ;dfh/ /fi6«sf nflu rflxg] bIf hgzlQm dfqpTkfbg gu/L, tL If]qx¿df /fi6«nfO{dfu{bz{g ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ xf] . æt/ xfd|fljZjljBfnox¿n] Tof] sfd ug{ ;ls/x]sf5}gg\ . ;/sf/n] klg ljZjljBfnosf]e"ldsfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]sf]b]lvFb}gÆ, lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf k"j{pks'nklt s]bf/eQm dfy]df eG5g\ .ljZjljBfnosf] kbflwsf/Ldf bnx¿n]…cfˆgf] x}g, /fd|f] dfG5]Ú 5gf}6 ug]{ k4lta;fP/ / bnLo /fhgLltsf] qmL8f:ynagfpg aGb u/]/ g} pRr lzIff ;'wf/sf]sfd yfNg'kg]{ pgsf] ;'‰fj 5 .

b]z ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf uPdf x/]s/fHodf sDtLdf ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug]{s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 eg]

sfª\u|]; / Pdfn]n] klg yk ljZjljBfnox¿vf]lng' cfjZos ePsf] s'/f 3f]if0ffkqdfpNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . t/ lzIffljb\ 8f=ah|frfo{ ;ª\Vof dfq a9fpg] vfnsf]ljZjljBfno x }g , gof F lji fodfljZjljBfno vf]Ng'kg]{ cfjZostf b]V5g\ .pgL eG5g\, æca g]kfnnfO{ ljZjd} lrgfpg]k|s[ltsf ljZjljBfnox¿ vf]Ng'k5{ . lbuf]ljsf;, dfp06]g / hn;|f]t cWoog,lrlsT;fzf:q, jg:kltnufotsf gofFIf]qdf ljZjljBfno vf]lnPdf g]kfnnfO{ljZjdf g} lrgfpg] gofF cj;/ ldN5 .Æg]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL, /xg;xg, eflifs /;f + :s [ lts lji fodf klg cWoogcg';Gwfgsf nflu ljZjljBfno vf]Nbfljb]zLx¿ klg cWoogsf nflu cfslif{tx'g] pgsf] cg'dfg 5 .

w]/} dflg;x¿ rflxF ljBfno /ljZjljBfnonfO{ bnLo /fhgLltsf ]v]nd}bfgaf6 hlt l56f] d'Qm ug{ ;lsof],plt g} l56f] ltgsf] :t/ psfl;g] s'/fdfljZj:t e]l6G5g\ . kf6L{x¿n] lzIffsf] :t/psf:g] s'/f t u/]sf 5g\, t/ bnLobnbnaf6 lzIff If]qnfO{ dfly /fVg ;Sg];fdYo{ c¿ s;};Fu 5}g, s]jn pgLx¿;Fu}dfq 5 . t/ of] d'2fdf 7"nf kf6L{x¿df}g 5g\ . o;sf] cy{ pgLx¿ To;f] ug{tof/ 5}gg\ eGg] g} nfU5 .

lj1nfO{ 7fpF 5}gk|f=8f dgk|;fb jfUn] lzIffdGqL k|bLk g]kfnn] cfˆg} ;+of]hsTjdf agfPsf]lzIff gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ ;/sf/L ;ldltdf lzIffljb\sf] x}l;otdf ;b:o 5g\ . t/ltg} jfUn];Fu lzIffdGqL g]kfnsf] kf6L{ Pdfn]n] 3f]if0ffkqdf lzIffsf Ph]08fsfaf/]df 5nkmn ug{ cfjZos 7fg]g . æd;Fu Pdfn]n] dfq xf]Og, s'g} klg 7"nfkf6L{n] ;'‰fj dfu]gg\Æ, jfUn] eG5g\ . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf k"j{ pks'nklts]bf/eQm dfy]df, 8f= x[bo/Tg a|hfrfo{, 8f= k"0f{sfGt clwsf/L, 8f= tLy{/fhvlgof, 8f= ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf h:tf gfd rn]sf lzIffljb\;Fu klg kf6L{x¿n] gofFg]kfn agfpg s:tf] vfnsf] lzIff gLlt cFufNg'knf{ eg]/ ;f]Wg] cfjZostfb]v]gg\ . 8f= tLy{/fh vlgofF t g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf dxf;ldlt ;b:o g} x'g\ .pgL / g]kfn lzIfs o'lgogsf cWoIf s]zj e§/fO{n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf sfª\u|];sf]3f]if0ffkqdf ;Daf]wg x'g'kg]{ lzIffsf Ph]08fsf af/]df lnlvt ;'‰fj 3f]if0ffkqd:of}bf ;ldltnfO{ a'‰fPsf] lyof] .

kf6L{x¿n] ;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1 / e'Qmef]uLsf ljrf/x¿nfO{ a]jf:tf ug'{sf]sf/0faf/] lzIffljb\ dfy]df eG5g\, æxfdLn] t !@ sIff;Dd lgMz'Ns ug'{k5{ eGg]s'/f 7Ls / Jofjxfl/s 5 eGg] lyPgf}+ lg Û kf6L{x¿n] s] s] ug'{ cfjZos 5/ s] s] ug{ ;S5f}+ eGg] sf]0faf6 ;f]Rb} ;f]r]gg\ . pgLx¿n] hgtfnfO{ s]cfZjf;g lbFbf xfO{–xfO{ x'G5 eGg] dfq} ;f]r] .Æ kf6L{x¿n] hgtfnfO{ ‰'Sofpg]s'/f ug'{eGbf ;To s'/f af]lnlbP b]zsf] sNof0f x'g] pgsf] wf/0ff 5 .


k'?iff]Qd ;'j]bLagfpg] eGg] ljifodf cfkm"x¿n] ljz]if kxn ug]{atfpF5g\ . g]kfnL sfª\u]|;af6 ;dfg'kfltsdf l6s6kfPsf dL7f/fd ljZjsdf{ hLjgel/ lzIff;DaGwLaf]ln/x]sf]n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] a}7sdf klg lzIffs} d'2fnfO{ljz]if ¿kdf p7fpg] hfgsf/L lbG5g\ . æd;+ljwfg;efdf ;dfhjfbL lzIffsf] nflu jsfnt ug]{5'ÆpgL eG5g\, æaLkL sf]O/fnfn] h'g ;dfhsf] kl/sNkgfug'{ePsf] lyof], Tof] ;dfh k|flKt x'g] lzIffsf] jsfntug'{ d]/f] p2]Zo x'g]5 . d h'g ;d'bfoaf6 cfPF Tof];d'bfonfO{ s;/L k|lt:kwf{Tds lzIffsf] d"nwf/dfNofpg] / e]befj/lxt ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fug]]{ eGg] klg d]/f] ax;sf] ljifo x'g]5 .Æ

cfkm"h:t} lzIfsn] bnsf] tkm{af6 pDd]bjf/ aGg]cj;/ kfPsf] b]Vbf /fhgLltdf nfu]sf c¿ lzIfsx¿klg bË 5g\ . lzIfs o'lgogsf ;lrj s]zj lg/f}nfeG5g\, æt/ pgLx¿ kf6L{sf] sfo{stf{ dfq} rflxFgalglbpg\ .Æ sltko lzIfs g]tf rflxF c‰} klg;+ljwfg;efdf z}lIfs d'2f p7fpg cfjZos lzIfsg]tfn] l6s6 gkfPsf] u'gf;f] JoQm u5{g\ . kf6L{x¿n]lzIfssf] e"ldsf / dxŒj a'‰]/ pDd]bjf/ agfPsfgeP/ kf6L{ sfo{stf{sf] x}l;otn] l6s6 lbPsf] cf/f]kpgLx¿ nufpF5g\ . lzIfs ;+3 ;Da4 Ps g]tfsfcg';f/ ;+3n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf l6s6 lbgsf]nflu lzIfs o'lgogsf cWoIf s]zj e§/fO{, dfwjLs6jfn, hutgf/fo0f 7fs'/nufotsf !@ hgf lzIfsg]tfsf] gfd g]kfnL sfª\u|];;dIf k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .t/ l;kmfl/;df k/]sf w]/}nfO{ kf6L{n] l6s6 lbPg .kf6L{ sfo{stf{sf] x}l;otdf l6s6 kfPsf]n] ubf{;+ljwfg;efdf lgjf{lrt ePklg kf6L{ut bfo/feGbf dflyp7]/ lzIffsf] d'2fdf ;+ljwfg;efdf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{;Sg] ;Defjgf cToGt Go"g x'g] pgLx¿sf] syg 5 .

of] k6s a'y sd{rf/L klglgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{no, /;'jfsf cg';f/ ;f]lhNnfsf $( dtbfg s]Gb|df @*& sd{rf/L vl6Psf]df$$ hgf lzIfs 5g\ . tLdWo] tLg hgf dtbfgclws[t, !& hgf ;xfos dtbfg clws[t / $$hgf ;xfos sd{rf/Lsf] e"ldsfdf 5g\ .

88]nw'/fdf sl/a ;f9] & ;o dtbfg sd{rf/L5gf}6 ul/Psf]df ‰08} tLg;o hgf lzIfs lyP .ætflndsf] qmddf lzIfsx¿ lh1f;'' b]lvPsf lyPÆ,88]nw'/fsf d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[t dfwj]Gb| /]UdLn]6]lnkmf]gdf lzIfs ;Fu eg] æpgLx¿n] dtbfg s]Gb|dfdxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ .Æ o:t}u/L,l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] If]q g+ @ df sl/a !( ;odtbfg sd{rf/L vl6Psf]df sl/a tLg ;o lzIfslyP . o;/L lhNnf–lhNnfdf dtbfg sd{rf/Lsf] ¿kdfvl6g]dWo] lzIfs !% b]lv $) k|ltzt;Dd lyP .

cl3Nnf r'gfjdf lghfdtL sd{rf/L dfq dtbfgclwsf/Lsf] ¿kdf vl6Gy] eg] o;k6s lgjf{rg cfof]un]lzIfsnfO{ klg v6fPsf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|jQmf

IfsnfO{ ufpF3/df …j}rfl/s g]t[Tjstf{Ú-cf]lklgog ln8/_ sf ¿kdf lnOG5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf lzIfsx¿ leGg–leGg e"ldsfdfb]vf k/]– pDd]bjf/, dtbfg sd{rf/L, ko{j]Ifs /dtbftf lzIfs . 7"nf /fhgLlts bnn] !)–!@ hgflzIfsnfO{ pDd]bjf/ agfP/ r'gfjL d}bfgdf ptf/]sf5g\ . lgjf{rg cfof]un] xhf/f}+ lzIfsnfO{ dtbfgsd{rf/Lsf ¿kdf v6fPsf] 5 . cfof]un] lzIfsnfO{klxNo} g} dtbftf lzIffsf nflu ;d]t v6fPsf] lyof] .lzIfs ; +3, ;Ë7gn ] cfˆg } tkm {a f6 klg;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL ;ef–uf]i7L / k|rf/k|;f/ u/] .

lzIfs pDd]bjf/ / ltgsf Ph]08f7"nf /fhgLlts bnn] lzIfsnfO{ k|ToIfdf eGbf;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgdf a9L p7fPsf 5g\ . lzIfsnfO{pDd]bjf/ agfpg]df g]skf Pdfn] ;a}eGbf cufl8 5 .g]kfnL sfª\u|]; / dfcf]jfbLn] klg s]xL lzIfsnfO{pDd]bjf/ agfPsf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLsf pDd]bjf/ lzIfs u'0f/fh nf]xgL z}lIfsk|0ffnL s:tf] agfpg] / lzIf0f k]zfnfO{ s;/L dof{lbt

;+ljwfg;efdf

lzIfs• nlntk'/sf] kf6g pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf

lzIfs /d]zs'df/ l/hfn kmfu'g !) b]lvnlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !^ df dtbftflzIffdf h'6]sf lyP . pgsf] sfd j8fsf cu'jf,6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L, o'jf Sna,dlxnf ;d"x cflbnfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef eg]sf] s]xf] < ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf lsg ef]6 xfNg] <ef]6 s;/L xfNg] < lsg b'O{{y/L dtkq ePsf] <dtsf] uf]kgLotf lsg cfjZos 5 < h:tfljifodf hfgsf/L lbg'lyof] .

• clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+3sf cWoIf u'0f/fhnf]xgL ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj k|rf/df ‰fkfb]lvs}nfnL;Dd bf}l8P . pgL :jo+ rflxF g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf] ;dfg'kfltstkm{sf pDd]bjf/ x'g\ .

lz

lxhf] k~ragfpg] klglzIfs x'g\,sfª\u|];

tyf Pdfn]agfpg] klglzIfs x'g\,dfcf]jfbLklg

lzIfsn]agfP .

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nId0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf cg';f/, :yfgLo lgjf{rg sfof{non]cfjZostf cg';f/ lzIfsnfO{ kl/rfng u/]sf]n] /;f]sf] tYofÍnfO{ Ps 7fpFdf hDdf kfl/g;lsPsfn]olt g} ;ª\Vofdf lzIfsx¿ a'y sd{rf/Lsf ¿kdfvl6Psf lyP eGg] olsg 5}g . ælgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{;jfndf lzIfssf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /Xof]Æ, pgL eG5g\ .

dtbftf lzIfflgjf{rg cfof]un] clxn] b]zsf * xhf/eGbf a9LlzIfsnfO{ dtbftf lzIffsf nflu v6fPsf] lyof] .kmfu'g !) ut]b]lv z'? ePsf] $% lbg nfdf] dtbftflzIff sfo{qmdsf] d"n Wo]o dtbftfx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿df hfgsf/L lbg'lyof] .cfof]usf cg';f/ o;sf] nflu Ps uflj;df Ps hgfk'?if / Ps hgf dlxnf lzIfs v6fOPsf] lyof] .gu/kflnsfdf eg] cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps j8fdfb'O{eGbf a9L lzIfs kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . cfof]usfcg';f/ dtbftf lzIffsf nflu vl6Psf lzIfsn]dtbftfsf] 3/3/df k'u]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] dxŒj, k|ToIf/ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|lqmof, s]sf nflu ef]6 xfNg],

s;/L ef]6 xfNg], dt lsg uf]Ko /fVg];Dd l;sfPsflyP . yf]/} hg;ª\Vof ePsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf pgLx¿k|To]s 3/b}nf]df k'u]sf lyP eg] zx/L If]qdf ;a}3/6f]n ;d]6\g] u/L 6f]nsf cu'jf, lqmofzLn :yfgLo;fd'bflos ;+:yf, cfdf ;d"x, o'jf Sna;Dd uP /pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] j/k/sf ;Dk"0f{ dtbftf;Dd k'u]/dtbftf lzIff lbg cg'/f]w u/] .

pgLx¿nfO{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] ljleGg !^ efiffsf]dtbftf lzIffsf] ;fdu|L klg pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] .dtbftf lzIffdf vl6Pafkt pgLx¿n] b}lgs ?=!%)eQf kfPsf lyP .

ptf ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{;Fu lgs6 lzIfsx¿sf];+:yf klg ;+ljwfg;ef ;DaGwL lzIff lbg ;lqmolyP . g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;Ë7gsf dxf;lrj afa'/fdclwsf/Lsf cg';f/ ;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL lzIff lbg;Ë7gsf lzIfsx¿nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnlzIfs ;+3n] t ;+3sf cWoIf df]xg 1jfnLsf];+of]hsTjdf s]Gb|Lo:t/df !! ;b:oLo ;+ljwfg;eflgjf{rg dtbftf kl/rfng ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lyof] .;+3sf cg';f/ lhNnfdf klg lhNnf cWoIfsf];+of]hsTjdf ;ldlt /x]sf] / To;n] ljBfno:t/df;ldlt u7g u/]/ dftxtsf lzIfsnfO{ 3/w'/L tf]s]/;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] .

ko{j]If0fdf lzIfsw]/} lzIfsn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf ko{j]If0f u/] ./fli6«o:t/df u7g ul/Psf] lgjf{rg cg'udg :f~hfndf;+nUg !$ j6f ;+:yfdWo] lzIfs o'lgog klg Psxf] . ;~hfnn] @# xhf/ hgfnfO{ r'gfjsf] ko{j]If0fdfv6fPsf] lyof] . To;df clwsf+z ko{j]Ifsdf lzIfsg} k/]sf lyP eG5g\ lzIfs o'lgogsf ;lrj s]zjlg/f}nf . pgsf cg';f/, lzIfs klxnf] k6s r'gfjLko{j]If0fdf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . lgjf{rg cg'udgsf]nflu :jLs[t cGo ;+3;+:yfn] klg lzIfsnfO{ ko{j]If0fdfv6fpg ;Sg] ePsf]n] olt g} ;ª\Vofdf lzIfs r'gfjsf]ko{j]If0fsf nflu vl6Psf lyP, Tof] eGg ufx|f] ePklglzIfsx¿sf] dxŒjk"0f{ lx:;f of] sfddf kl/rflntePsf] ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

dt dfUg cufl8cGo k]zfdf ;+nUg x'g]x¿eGbf ufpF3/df lzIfsdfdt k|efljt ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf a9L ePsf] dflgG5 .lsgls pgLx¿ ufpF3/sf] 6f7f]af7f] / /fhgLlts ¿kdf;r]t dflg; ePsf] s'/f ljBfnosf] ;doeGbf cl3kl5klg :yfgLo hgtf;Fusf] ;flGgWotfdf /x]/ sfdul//x]sf x'G5g\ . clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;Ë7gsf cWoIfu'0f/fh nf]xgL eG5g\, æufpFsf] ;fdflhs ;Qf lzIfssf]xftdf 5, To;}n] pgLx¿n] dt k|efljt kfg{ ;S5g\ .lxhf] k~r agfpg] klg lzIfs x'g\, sfª\u|]; tyfPdfn] agfpg] klg lzIfs x'g\, dfcf]jfbL klg lzIfsn]agfP, dt k|efljt gkfg]{ t s'/} ePg .Æ g]kfnlzIfs o'lgogsf k"Jf{ cWoIf dfwjk|;fb clwsf/LyK5g\, æul/df ePsf lzIfsn] dt k|efljt ug{ ;Sg]Ifdtf w]/} x'G5 . t/ h:tf];'s} lzIfsn] klg s]xLg s]xL dt t k|efljt u5{ g} .Æ

;fj{hlgs ljBfnodf hlt lzIfs 5g\, tLdWo]clwsf+z s'g} g s'g} kf6L{;Fu lgs6 /x]sf 5g\ .tyflk ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf ljutdf h:tf] cfkm"lgs6sf] kf6L{nfO{ ef]6 dfUb} lxF8\g] k|j[lQdf sdLcfPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . lzIfsx¿sf] 5ftf ;+:yfg]kfn lzIfs o'lgogn] rflxF /fhgLlts ¿kdf sfo{stf{ag]/ lxF8\g] cg'dlt lbPsf] lyPg . o'lgogsf ;lrjlg/f}nf eG5g\, æcf–cfˆgf] cf:yf cg';f/ dt t ;a}lzIfsn] xfNg} k5{ . t/ vf; /fhgLlts bnsf]sfo{stf{ ag]/ lxF8\g 5'6 5 eg]/ xfdLn] eg]sflyPgf}+ .Æ ptf g]kfn /fli6«o lzIfs ;Ë7gsf dxf;lrjclwsf/L cfkm":fFu ljrf/ ldNg] pDd]bjf/nfO{ lagflxlRsrfx6 ;xof]u ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] atfpF5g\ .æt/ dtbfg sd{rf/L eP/ vl6g] / ko{j]If0fdf ;+nUglzIfsnfO{ eg] OdfGbf/ eP/ sfd ug{ elgPsf] lyof]ÆpgL eG5g\ . lzIfsn] s'g} bnsf] kIfdf v'n]/ lxF8\bf;dfhdf p;sf] g}lts w/ftn sdhf]/ x'g] ePsfn]pm lgikIf a:g'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff klg ;dfhdf gePsf]xf]Og . t/ To;tkm{ of] r'gfjdf lzIfsx¿sf] Wofgsd} dfq uPsf] b]lvG5 .

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pgLx¿ lgjf{lrt eP klg lzIffsf] d'2fdf ;+ljwfg;efdflgikIf e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf sd 5 .


dfqf a9L x'G5 . To;dfly xfd|f]h:tf] sd ljsl;t b]zdf/fhgLlt cfkm}+df r]tgf lj:tf/sf] Pp6f ;zQm dfWod klgxf] . /fhgLltdf ljj]sL / lzlIft dflg;x¿sf] afx'No eP;dfh cufl8 a9\5 . ;dfh cufl8 a9] /fhgLltdf klglzlIftx¿sf] e"ldsf a9\5 . To;sf/0f g]kfnh:tf] b]zdf lzIff/ /fhgLltsf] ;DaGw ‰g\ cGof]Gofl>t 5 .

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k|f= s[i0f vgfn, /fhgLltzf:qL

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cfj/0f jftf{M ;+ljwfg;ef / lzIff

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lzIff / /fhgLltaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ s;/L a'´g] <lzIff / /fhgLltsf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw x'G5 . /fhgLlts

r]tgf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] Pp6f cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] ./fhgLltn] ;dfhdf kl/jt{g / pGgogsf] nIo /fv]sf] x'G5 .lzIffn] 1fg, ljj]s / ;"rgfsf] lj:tf/ ub{5, l;h{gfsf gofF9f]sf vf]N5, ;Eo / ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] cfwf/nfO{ dha"tagfpF5 . /fhgLlt eg]sf] zf;g ul//x]sf / ug{ rfxg]x¿dWo]Psn] csf]{nfO{ pl5Gg ckgfpg] / pNnª\3g ug]{ gLlt, ljlw/ k|lqmofsf] v]n xf] . o;sf v]nf8Lx¿ hlt 1fgL / lzlIft

eP Tolt g} /fhgLlt klg ljj]sk"0f{x'G5 . t/ /fhgLlt Pp6f kmf]xf]/Lv]n klg xf] / o;df v]nsf]tl:a/x¿M slkn >]i7

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ug{ vf]h]5f}+ / rflxg]eGbf a9L cfkm}+u5' { eg]5f} + . kl/0ffd:j?k To;sf]ljsNksf] ¿kdf lghL ljBfnosf] k|f/Deeof] . kl5 o;n] Jofkfl/s ?k wf/0fu¥of] . clxn] t lghL ljBfnonfO{ k|fOe]6sDkgL P]gcGtu{t btf{ ug'{kg]{ agfOPsf]5 . s'g cleefjsn] a9L ltg{ ;S5,pgLx¿sf] vfFrf] s] xf] eGg]lt/ Wofgs]lGb|t u¥of] lghL ljBfnon] . cyf{t\lghL ljBfno k"0f{tof ahf/d'vL eof] .h;n] ltg{ ;Sb}g p;sf afnaflnsfdfq ;/sf/L :s"ndf k9\g] eP . kl5Nnfjif{x¿df lzIffdf ;'wf/sf] s'/f /fhgLltsgf/fdf dfq ;Lldt eP . Jojxf/dfs]xL klg ePg . of] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]

b'ef{Uosf] s'/f xf] ./fhgLltn] xfd|f] lzIff If]qnfO{ s;/L k|efljt kf/]sf] 5 <

sltko s'/fx¿ /fd|f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg @)@* ;fnsf] gofFlzIffsf] d"n Wo]o k~rfotL /fhgLltsf] kIfkf]if0f ug'{ g} lyof] .k~rfot cg's"nsf] 1fgdf ;Lldt kfg]{ To;sf] d'Vo nIolyof] . t/ Jojxf/df Tof] ;kmnLe"t ePg . To;sf] 7LspN6f] eof] . k~rfotL /fhgLltnfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL lzIffIf]qaf6 cfof] . :s"n / sn]hsf lzIfs–ljBfyL{x¿n] g} k~rfotlj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ pmhf{ lbP / lg0ff{os agfP . k~rfotnfO{r'gf}tL lbg] /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{ pTkfbg ug]{ d'Vo ynf]g} z}lIfs If]q eof] . sn]hsf] ljBfyL{ /fhgLltnfO{ lgoGq0fug{ vf]Hbfb]lv g} lzIffdf ;D‰f}tf x'g yfn]sf] xf] . k~rfotsfkl5Nnf jif{x¿df vf;u/L @)#^ ;fnb]lv t k~rfotsf] lj?4cfPsf] /fhgLlts bafanfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;/sf/df a;]sfx¿n]h:tf];'s} klg ;D‰f}tf ug{ yfn] .

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b'O{vfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ aGb u/]/ Pp6} lzIff k|0ffnL agfpg'k5{ . ;a}n] Pp6}:t/sf] lzIff kfpg]Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;d'bfonfO{ g} ug{ lbg'k5{ .

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bnx¿n] cfˆgf] ljrf/wf/f af]Sg] dflg;x¿ tof/ ug]{ / k|efjlj:tf/ ug]{ d'Vo ynf] g} z}lIfs If]q xf] eGg] 7fg] . >d If]q/fhgLlts k|efj lj:tf/ ug]{ dxŒjk"0f{ 7fpF x'g;SYof] t/g]kfndf cf}Bf]lus lj:tf/ g} gePsfn] Tof] sfd x'g ;s]g .s[lifk|wfg b]z ePsfn] ubf{ ls;fgx¿nfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/bnx¿ cufl8 a9\g ;Sy] . t/ of] If]q klg c;Ël7t /…l;hgnÚ 5, ;wF}el/ sfd lbFb}g . km]l/ of] If]q clwsf+z tufpFdf k5{ . To;}n] pknAwdWo] /fhgLlts k|efj lj:tf/sf]nflu z}lIfs If]q g} ;lhnf] ePsfn] pgLx¿n] o; If]qnfO{5fg]sf] b]lvG5 .

lzIffnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ b]zsf] ;du| ljsf; ug{ ;Sb}gf}+eGg] /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;d‰bf/L /x]sf] b]lvG5 . JolQm;Ifd eof] eg] pm htf klg sfd nfU5 . ;[hgzLntf a9\5 .n}lËs ;dljsf;sf] s'/f xf];\ jf ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] ;jfn,cyjf ;d'bfosf] ljsf;– o;nfO{ ;xL lsl;dn] xn ug{ lzIffsf];a}eGbf klxnf] / dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . z}lIfs ljsf;n]dfq} ;du| ljsf;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpF5 . cfh h] ug{ klglzIff h?/L 5 . of] qm;sl6Ë O:o' g} xf] . ;}4flGts ¿kdfof] s'/fnfO{ a'‰] klg tTsfnsf] bnLo :jfy{nfO{ a9L dxŒjlbPsf sf/0f bnx¿n] lzIffnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] s'/f cfˆgf]k|fylds Ph]08fleq /fv]gg\ .

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cWofudg klg a'´g ;Sb}gg\ . tL dflg;x¿nfO{ Go"gtd lzIfflbg ;s]sf] eP ltgsf] xftdf ;Lk / lbdfudf 1fg ;d]tx'GYof] . ltgLx¿ ljb]zdf 7lug] ;Defjgf Go"g x'GYof], / w]/}n]/fd|f] sdfO uy]{ . o;af6 klg k|:6 x'G5, ;/sf/ / /fhgLltsbnx¿sf] k|fyldstfdf lzIff k/]sf] 5}g eGg] s'/f .lzIffsf] ;jfndf xfdL sxfF a9L r's]sf 5f}+ / sxfF rflxF;xL af6f]df 5f}+ <

lghL If]qsf] Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ug{ / To;nfO{ ;xLaf6f]df Nofpg ;/sf/ k"/} c;kmn 5 . Tolt dfq x}g, lghLIf]q h] eG5, ;/sf/ ToxL ul//x]sf] 5 . pRr lzIffdf klg‰08} To:t} xfnt 5 . ahf/sf] nflu vf]lnPsf lghL sn]hnfO{;DaGwg lbg' g} lqlj / gofF ljZjljBfnosf] sfd ePsf] 5 .k|fl1s cg';Gwfg / :t/Lo k9fOlt/ Wofg hfg ;s]sf] 5}g .clxn] cfP/ t ljb]zL z}lIfs ;+:yf;Fusf] ;DaGwgsf] cfj/0fdfoxfF cleefjs;Fu df]6f] /sd lng] sfd ;d]t x'g yfn]sf]5 . Ps ;]d]i6/ oxfF k9]sf ljBfyL{sf] afFsL ;]d]i6/ ljb]zLljZjljBfnodf k9\g] Joj:yf u/fPsf] e/df o;f] ul/Psf]5 . g]kfndf /fd|f] cWoog / /f]huf/Lsf] ;Defjgf sd b]lvPsfn]dfq xf]Og, dWod juL{o kl/jf/sf s]6fs]6L / afa'cfdf b'j}dfljb]z k|lt 7"nf] …qm]hÚ 5 . pgLx¿ h;/L eP klg ljb]lzgtlD;Psf 5g\ . o;sf lglDt /fHo ;a}eGbf a9L lhDd]jf/5 . ljsl;t ljZjdf hg;ª\Vofsf] j[l4b/ z"Goaf6 cf]/fnf]nfu]sf] 5 . To;af6 pTkGg vf8n k'g{ xfd|f] h:tf] ljsf;zLnb]zsf] dWod:t/sf] hgzlQm pgLx¿n] lng yfn]sf 5g\ .g]kfnsf wgL / /fd|f] kl/jf/sf clwsf+z o'jf ljb]zdf 5g\ .dWod:t/sf o'jfx¿sf] 7"nf] hdft klg ljb]lzO/x]sf] 5 .htf /fd|f] cj;/ kfof], pt} hfg'nfO{ ;fdfGotof cGoyflng'x'Fb}g t/ xfdL cfkm" rflxF s'g txsf] hgzlQm lnP/ sfdub}{5f}+ t eGg] k|Zgdf 3f]lTng l9nf]eO;s]sf] 5 .

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lzIffn] d"No–dfGotf …;]6Ú u5{ . klAns …Eofn'Ú s]6fs]6Lpd]/b]lv g} lbg yfN5 lzIffn] . zx/sf] ljBfnodf lzIffkfPsf afnaflnsf / ufpF3/df lzIff kfPsf afnaflnsfsf]d"NodfGotf / ;f]rfOsf] tl/sfdf leGgtf x'G5 . oxfF;Dd lsufpF3/af6 P;Pn;L kf/ u/]/ sf7df8f}+df !! sIffdf egf{x'Fbfx'Fb} p;sf] d"NodfGotfdf km/s cfO;s]sf] x'G5 . zx/ahf/df k|rlnt clxn]sf] d"NodfGotf ljZjJofkLs/0f cg's"n5 . oxfFsf ;a}n] o'/f]k / cd]l/sf vf]Hg] d"Nok|0ffnLsf] ljsf;u¥of}+ xfdLn] . ;fdflhs / ;fj{hlgs hLjg s;/L Jolttug]{ eGg] s'/fdf g} xf] d"NodfGotfsf] cfFvfaf6 x]l/g] . To;/Lx]g]{ xf] eg] zx/sf o'jfo'jtLx¿sf] nflu g]kfnsf] cj;/ cltg} sd eof], pgLx¿ o'/f]k / cd]l/sf k'Ug} kg]{ eof] . csf]{Pp6f crDdsf] l:ylt klg alg/x]sf] 5 . oxfFaf6 hlt o'jfx¿o'/f]k / cd]l/sf k9\g hfG5g\, tLdWo] clwsf+zn] ToxfF sfdu/]/} k9\5g\ . ltgsf cleefjsn] lbg] eg]sf] ToxfF k'Ug] af6f]vr{ / s]xL dlxgfsf] nflu vfg]–a:g] vr{;Dd xf] . ToxfF ta]:;/L sfd u/]/ kl9/x]sf 5g\ . t/ ToxL dflg; oxfF To;/Lsfd u/]/ k9\g dfGb}g . ljb]zdf u/]sf cEof;nfO{ xfdL oxfFrflxF Jojxf/df ptfg{ tof/ 5}gf}+ .

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JolQmsf] x}l;ot / k|lti7f p;n] ug]{sfdsf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f u5f}{+ . cfkm}+xft v'§f lvofP/ sfd ug]{nfO{ /fd|f]bhf{df /fVb}gf} + . of] cfhsf] s6';fdflhs oyfy{ xf] . lzIffn] of] unt/ k'/ftgjfbL ;f]rnfO{ abn]/ >dk|lt;Ddfg a9fpg'kg]{ xf] t/ Tof] ug{;s]sf] 5}g .

d"No kl/jt{gzLn s'/f klg xf] .lxhf] xfdL h'g d"NodfGotf af]SYof}+, Tof]cfh /x]g . ef]ln c‰ cs}{ d"NodfGotf:yflkt x'G5 . deGbf Ps k':tf gofF;fyLx¿;Fu a;]/ ha d 5nkmn ug{yfN5', ToxLF 7"nf] cGt/ dx;"; u5{' .d"Nodf h'g k|sf/n] kl/jt{gzLntf

;dfg / :t/Lo ljBfno lzIff eGg] g]kfnL sfª\u|]; clg hgjfbL lzIffsf] gf/f lbg] Pdfn]n] ;Qfdfx'Fbf lzIff k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f Nofpg s] / slt sfd u/] < xfdLsxfF /fhgLltn] clt g} k|fyldstfkfof], t/ lzIffn] rflxF Go"gtd k|fyldstf klg kfpg ;s]g .

””

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%36


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cfˆgf] 3f]if0ffkqdf lzIffaf/] ;a} kf6L{n] s'g} g s'g} ¿kdfpNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . h:t} g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf ljBfnotxsf] lzIffnfO{ ;dfg / :t/Lo agfpg] elgPsf] 5 . g]kfndfsl/a #) jif{b]lv ;fj{hlgs / lghL b'O{ j6f cnu–cnuljBfno k|0ffnL ;dfgfGt/ ¿kdf rln/x]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs/ lghL ljBfno Joj:yfkgdf dfq km/s x}gg\, juL{o lx;fan]klg km/s 5g\ . ;DkGgtfsf nflu lghL / ljkGgtfsf nflu;fj{hlgs ljBfno . @)%^ ;fnsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf ;dfg /:t/Lo ljBfno lzIff eGg] g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] cfkm}+ ;QfdfePsf] a]nfdf To; lbzfdf slt sfd u¥of] t < sDo'lgi6kf6L{x¿n] hgjfbL lzIffsf] gf/f nfdf];dob]lv lbO/x]sf 5g\ . Pdfn];Qfdf x'Fbf lzIff k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0fNofpg slt sfd u¥of] < s]xL klgb]lvFb}g . xfdLsxfF /fhgLltn] cltg} k|fyldstf kfof], t/ lzIffn] rflxFGo"gtd k|fyldstf klg kfpg;s]g .To;f] eP 3f]if0ffkqdf ul/Psf jfrfs;/L k"/f xf]nfg\ t <

w]/} jfrfx¿ k"/f gx'g] ;Defjgf5 . lsgls ltgn] ;dfhsf] 7f]; oyfy{eGbf k/ k'u]/ ;:tf]nf]slk|otfsf] nflu s]xLn] dfWolds / s]xLn] t pRrdfWolds;Dd g} lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] cfZjf;g afF8]sf 5g\ .ltgnfO{ k"/f ug]{ vf;} gLlt / sfo{qmd b]lvGg . To; afx]s3f]if0ffkqdf ul/Psf] k|lta4tf Jojxf/df cg'jfb gx'g'sf] csf]{dxŒjk"0f{ sf/0f xf], bnx¿sf r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkq kf6L{sf] d'Vog]t[Tjn] tof/ ub}{g . g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] r'gfj 3f]if0ffkq tof/ug]{ qmddf d}n] of] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] cg'ejdf, 3f]if0ffkqdfs] s] a'Fbf /flvg'k5{ < s] s] s'/fn] k|fyldstf kfpg'k5{ <eGg] s'/fdf zLif{:y g]t[Tjn] vf;} of]ubfg ug]{ u/]sf] kfOGg .d:of}bfsf/x¿sf] nfOg ckm lylÍu n] ToxfFsf] ljifoj:t' /efiffnfO{ klg k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . To;nfO{ g]t[Tjn] cfTd;ft\u/]sf] x'Fb}g . ToxL sf/0f xf], ljutsf 3f]if0ffkqdf n]lvPsfw]/} s'/f Jojxf/df cg"lbt ePg .;+ljwfg;efsf] u7gkl5 lzIffdf ug'{kg]{ gLltut ;'wf/ /kl/jt{gsf Ph]08fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <

a9LeGbf a9L s'/f ;+ljwfgdf n]Vg] km];g g} alg;Sof] .lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgd} Uof/]G6L ug'{k5{ eGg] efjgf cfddflg;df cfPsf] 5 . Tof] xb;Dd 7Ls} xf]nf . t/ ;a} s'/f;+ljwfgdf n]Vg cfjZos 5}g . ;+ljwfgdf n]Vb}df g]kfndflzIffsf] ljsf; x'G5 eGg] 7fGg' ;xL ;f]rfO xf]Og . lsgls…:t/Lo lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ k|To]s g]kfnLnfO{ x'g]5Ú eg]/df}lns xsdf n]lvFb}df Tof] :jtM k|fKt x'g] s'/f xf]Og, h;/L;+ljwfgdf afFRg kfpg] xs x'Fbfx'Fb} klg dflg;x¿ dfl/O/x]sf5g\ . To;}n] d'Vo s'/f ef]lnsf lbgdf xfd|f] /fHon] cfkm"nfO{s;/L cufl8 a9fpF5, Tof] g} dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . pknlAw /

kl/jt{g ToxLFaf6 kfOG5, ;+ljwfgaf6 xf]Og . ;+ljwfgn] tafwf dfq gk'¥ofP x'G5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjkl5 /fHon] lzIffnfO{ ;a} eGbf pRrk|fyldstfsf] ;"rLdf /fVg'k5{ . To;df klg :s"n]–lzIffnfO{ljz]if k|fyldstfdf /fVg'k5{ . :s"n]–lzIff cyf{t\ !@ sIffpQL0f{ ul/;s]kl5 ;dfhsf] af/]df Ps xb;Ddsf] 1fg ePsf]/ cfkm}+ ul/vfg ;Ifd gful/s ag]sf] x'g'k5{ . To:tf] gful/stof/ x'g] lzIff lbg' /fHosf] k|fylds st{Jo xf] . of] tx;Ddsf]lzIffdf s'g} c;dfgtf x'g'x'Gg / of] :t/Lo klg x'g}k5{ . t/clxn] To;f] eO/x]sf] 5}g . s]xLn] cf};t lzIff kfPsf 5g\eg] ax';ª\Vosn] sfdrnfp lzIff klg kfPsf 5}gg\ . ljZjdfvf;u/L ljsl;t b]zx¿df :s"n]–lzIffdf ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfsf;fy 7"nf] nufgL u/]/ /fd|f] lzIff lbO/x]sf] x'G5 . ToxL eP/ljsl;t b]zsf] :s"n]–lzIff k|fKt u/]sf dflg;x¿ ul/vfg

;Sg] ePsf x'g\ . ctM oxfFb'O{vfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ aGbu/]/ Pp6} lzIff k|0ffnL agfpg'k5{ .of] sfd ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7gx'gf;fy z'? ug'{ cfjZos 5 .To;sf] cy{ lghL If]qnfO{ tTsfnaGb ug]{ eGg] xf]Og . kfFr jif{leqo;nfO{ ;N6\ofpg'k5{ / ;a}n]Pp6}:t/sf] lzIff kfpg] Joj:yfug'{k5{ .

lzIff gLltsf] sfof{GjogdfcToGt nrstf cfjZos 5 . s]Gb|af6 lgoGq0f ug]{ :s"nk|0ffnLn] sfd ub}{g . xfd|f] clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejn] of] s'/fl;4 u/]sf] 5 . ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;d'bfonfO{ g} ug{lbg'k5{ . :yfgLo lgsfo / /fHo ;/sf/n] k5fl8 a;]/ ;fwg–;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . xf], /fli6«o dfkb08 s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n]lgwf{/0f ul/lbg'k5{ . Tof] dfkb08leq /x]/ kf7\oqmd, kf7\k':ts,k/LIffnufot cGo s'/fx¿sf] Joj:yfkg If]qLo / lhNnf:t/af6ug{ lbg'k5{ . To;lglDt cfjZos k"jf{wf/ rflxF lgdf{0f ug}{k5{ .pbfx/0fsf] nflu k|fylds ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg cg'udgsf]lhDdf uflj;nfO{ lbOof] eg] uflj;;lrjn] Tof] sfd ug{ ;S5 <;Sb}g . :jf:Yo, s[lif, jg, ;xsf/L ;a} uflj;n] x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 .tL ;a} s'/fnfO{ ;xL 9Ën] Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu bIf hgzlQmuflj;nfO{ cfjZos k5{ . lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwn] of] sfd ug]{xf]Og . To;}n] lzIff x]g]{ …k|f]km];gn u|'kÚ g} rflxG5 . o;lglDtrflxg] ;|f]tx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;do nfUg ;S5, s]xL uflj;nfO{x]g]{ u/L o:tf] ;|f]ts]Gb| / hgzlQm kl/rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .

csf]{ Ph]08f xf], lzIffnfO{ bnLo /fhgLltsf] bnbnaf6d'Qm ug]{ . xfdLsxfF ;w}+el/ nf]stGqsf nflu cfGbf]ng ug'{kg]{cj:yfn] ubf{ lzIffnox¿df bnLo /fhgLlt oltla£g 3';]sf]xf] . cfzf u/f}+, ;+ljwfg;efkl5 nf]stGq ;+:yfut ljsf;sf]af6f]df nfUg]5 . ca bnLo /fhgLltsf] rnv]n ug]{ 7fpFaf6lzIff / lzIffnox¿nfO{ d'Qm /fVg}k5{ . /fhgLlts bnx¿sf]o; ljifodf 7f]; k|lta4tfsf] vfFrf] 5 . bnx¿ ca oyfy{jfbLaGg} k5{ . ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsf] nflu ug{ gx'g] jfrf klgug'{x'Gg . h] af]lnG5, Tof] k"/f ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .

– ;'bz{g

xfdL c‰} klg cfkm}+ xft v'§f lvofP/ sfdug]{nfO{ /fd|f] bhf{df /fVb}gf}+ . of] cfhsf]s6' ;fdflhs oyfy{ xf] . lzIffn] of] unt/ k'/ftgjfbL ;f]rnfO{ abn]/ >dk|lt ;Ddfga9fpg'kg]{ xf] t/ Tof] ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

”

”


s]bf/eQm dfy]df

;Daf]wg ug}{ kg]{lzIffsf Ph]08f;f]Wgf];\ g d]/f] ;/sf/sf d'Vo tLg j6f k|fyldstfs] s] x'g]5g\ < d eG5', klxnf] k|fyldstf lzIff,bf];|f] k|fyldstf lzIff / t];|f] k|fyldstf klg lzIffg} xf] .

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;/sf/L :s"ndf x'g] nufgLnfO{ bf]Aa/ ug]{ k|lta4tf;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ .

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slkn >]i7

efjL g]kfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnLn] /fp6] ;d'bfo -b}n]v_ sfoL afnaflnsfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ klg ;d]6\g ;Sg'k5{ .

cfj/0f ljrf/

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%38

cfj/0f ljrf/

lzIffdf lghL If]qsf] nufgL

lzIffdf ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] nufgL

pRr

dfWolds

cfwf/e"t

cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIffdf nufgL ug{af6 /fHo k5fl8 x6\gkfpFb}g . tNnf] txsf] lzIffdf /fHosf] k"/f nufgL x'g'k5{,hlt dfly uof] lghL If]qnfO{ cfdGq0f ub}}{ nUg ;Sg'k5{ .k"FhLjfbsf] …dSsfÚ dflgg] cd]l/sfdf *( k|ltzt ljBfyL{klAns :s"ndf k9\5g\ . a]nfotdf clxn] klg () k|ltzteGbf a9L g} ljBfyL{x¿ klAns :s"n hfG5g\ .

”

”

/ < dWodjuL{o g]t[Tjsf] oxL :jfyL{ ;f]rfOaf6 l;Ëf];/sf/ u|l;t eof] . ;/sf/x¿n] cGt/dgn] ;fj{hlgslzIffnfO{ p7fpg'k5{ eGg] 7fg]gg\, lzIff ;a}sf] nfluPp6} :t/sf] x'g'k5{ ;f]r]gg\ . pgLx¿df o;k|sf/sf]/fhgLlts rfxgfsf] ;jyf{ cefj /Xof] . ToxLeP/ ax'bnkl5 ag]sf s'g} klg ;/sf/n]lzIffnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPgg\ . lzIffdGqLx¿klg s]jn hflu/] eP, dGqL, g]tf jf cu'jfx'g ;s]gg\ .

cfwf/e"t txsf] z}lIfs :t/ psf:g'casf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] Ph]08f x'g'k5{ .;j{k|yd of] txsf] lzIffdf /fHosf] nufgLg} k'u]sf] 5}g . of] txsf] lzIffdf nufgLug{af6 /fHo k5fl8 x6\g kfpFb}g . tNnf]txsf] lzIffdf /fHosf] k"/f nufgLx'g'k5{, hlt dfly uof] lghL If]qnfO{cfdGq0f ub}}{ nUg ;Sg'k5{ . cfh h'g–

h'g /fi6« ;d[4 ePsf 5g\, tL ;a}n] cfwf/e"t txsf]lzIffdf a]:;/L nufgL u/]sfn] ;d[4 ePsf x'g\ .k"FhLjfbsf] …dSsfÚ dflgg] cd]l/sfdf *( k|ltztljBfyL{ klAns :s"ndf k9\5g\ . a]nfotdf clxn]klg () k|ltzt eGbf a9L g} ljBfyL{x¿ klAns:s"n hfG5g\ . Sofg8fdf t ztk|ltzt afnaflnsfg} klAns :s"ndf k9\5g\ eg] klg x'G5 . To;}n]g]kfndf klg ;a} afnaflnsfn] klAns :s"ndf k9\g]jftfj/0f agfpg'k5{ .

cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] :t/ km/s kgf{n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf7"nf] ;d:of ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . cfwf/e"t lzIffdf…x'g]vfg]Úsf nflu Psy/L ljBfno / …x'Fbf vfg]Úsf nflucsf]{y/L ljBfno x'gfn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf w]/} ljs[lt /lj;Ëltx¿ k}bf ePsf 5g\ . klAns :s"nsf] sdhf]/cj:yf / ltgLx¿df vf;} ;'wf/ Nofpg g;Sbf pk]lIft/ ;LdfGts[t ju{sf afnaflnsfnfO{ d"nwf/df Nofpgw]/} sl7g x'g] b]lvG5 . klAns :s"nsf] ;'wf/df clxn]d'Vo afws eg]sf] ;/sf/sf] k|lta4tfsf] sdL g}xf] . To;sf] k5fl8sf] d'Vo sf/0f xf], ;'wf/sf] nfludWod juL{o bafasf] z"Gotf . klAns :s"ndf k|foh;f]cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts ¿kn] sdhf]/ ju{sfs]6fs]6Lx¿ hfg] ePsfn] o:tf :s"nsf] ;'wf/sf] nfluo; ju{n] vf;} kxn u/]g, bafa ;[hgf klg ug{;s]g . ;dfhdf vf; k|efj kfg{;Sg] dWod ju{ eg]lghL ljBfnox¿n] cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"lt{ ul/lbPsf]df klAns:s"nsf] gfh's l:ylt;Fu Tolt ;/f]sf/ g} /fVb}gg\ .To;f] t, lj:tf/} :jf:Yo tyf oftfoftsf] If]qdf klgt x'g]vfg] dflg;x¿sf] rf;f] 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 .

lghL ljBfnox¿df dWod ju{sf] a9\bf] cfsf+IffnfO{dWogh/ /fv]/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ yk ;'ljwf lbg] gfddf:s"nx¿nfO{ ‰g\‰g\ dxFuf] kfb}{ nluPsf] 5 . ;/sf/Lcg'udg gx'gfn] slt lghL ljBfnox¿ v'nf Jofkf/L–s/0flt/ b|"tultdf a9\b}5g\ / o;n] klAns / lghLljBfnosf] vf8n ‰g\ km/flsnf] kfb}{ nu]sf] 5 .

7flgof] . k7gkf7gsf] /fd|f] jftfj/0f agfpgsf] nflurflxg] z}lIfs ;fdu|L, k':tsfno / k|of]uzfnf tyfGo"gtd ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] aGbf]a:t ug'{k5{ eGg]lt/;/sf/n] slxNo} Wofg k'¥ofPg . To:t}Ù lzIfsnfO{tflnd lbP/ dfq x'Fb}g, pko'Qm jftfj/0f agfP/k9fpg clek|]l/t ug'{k5{ . t/ of] sfd ePg .

k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIffdf t ;/sf/n]k"/} a]jf:tf u¥of] eg] klg x'G5 . ljZjljBfnosf]lzIffsf] xfnt klg ‰g\‰g\ lau|Fb} uPsf] 5 . w]/}ljBfyL{x¿ cWoog ug]{ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf k9fO/ k9fOsf] :t/ b'j} sd x'Fb} uPsf] dx;"; x'G5 .Ifdtf / of]Uotfsf cfwf/df x}g, kx'Fr / bnLocfwf/df ljZjljBfnodf ;+:yfut x'Fb} uPsf] lgo'lQmk4ltn] ljZjljBfno / sn]hx¿sf] z}lIfs jftfj/0flayf]lnlbPsf] 5 .

lzIff If]q o;/L lt/:s[t x'g'sf w]/} sf/0fx¿xf]nfg\ . t/ d]/f] ljrf/df o;sf] klxnf] sf/0f xf],xfd|f] g]t[Tjdf lzIffk|lt 7f]; k|lta4tfsf] cefj .x'gt g]t[Tjdf dWod ju{ xfjL ePsfn] :jfefljs¿kdf of] ju{n] cfˆgf afnaflnsfsf] lglDt /fd|f]k7gkf7gsf] nflu lghL ljBfnox¿sf] Joj:yf ul/;s]sf]5 . clg ltgn] ;/sf/L :s"nsf] lrGtf lsg ug'{k¥of]


Gofok"0f{ g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgf ubf{ b]zdf b'O{vfn]lzIff Joj:yf /xg'x'Gg . ;j{k|yd ;/sf/n] klAns:s"nsf] u'0f:t/ a9fpg c7f]6 ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] nflurflxg] /sd klg ;/sf/n] g} h'6fpg'k5{ . ;/sf/n]dflyNnf] tx -sn]h / ljZjljBfno_ df lghL If]qnfO{a9L k|f]T;fxg u/]/ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf ‰08} Psnf}6Lhdfpg ;Sg'k5{ . o;n] b]zsf ;a} s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{Ps} lsl;dsf] / :t/sf] lzIff pknAw u/fpg d2tub{5 . lghL If]qsf] xsdf Jofkf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] g}pTk|]l/t :s"n afx]s plrt z'Ns lng] :s"nx¿nfO{;/sf/sf] lgu/fgLdf ;~rfng x'g lbg ;lsG5 .o;n] klAns :s"nnfO{ k|lt:kwf{df 8f]¥ofpF5 eg]cleefjsnfO{ klg cfˆgf] s]6fs]6Lsf] lglDt :s"n5fGg kfpg] clwsf/ lbG5 .

klAns :s"nsf] :t/ psf:g] s'/f ug{ ;lhnf] 5,sfd ug{ 7"nf] r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . klAns :s"nsf] ;'wf/sfsfdsf] ;'?cft x/]s :s"ndf bl/nf] g]t[Tjsf] rogug]{ k|lqmofaf6 x'G5 . w]/} cg';Gwfgx¿n] s] b]vfPsf5g\ eg] :s"nsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] k|d'v sf/sk|wfgfWofks x'g\ . k|efjsf/L ljBfnox¿sf] g]t[Tjl:y/ / bl/nf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] ck|efjsf/L :s"nx¿dfcl:y/ / lkmtnf] kfOPsf] 5 . x/]s :s"ndflzIfsx¿nfO{ ;xof]u, cg'udg / ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ ;Sg]Ifdtfo'Qm JolQm k|wfgfWofksdf rog ug'{ cfjZos5 . k|wfgfWofkssf] lgo'lQm k|lqmofnfO{ cbnabnu/L p;nfO{ a9L clwsf/ Pj+ pQ/bfloTj lbg'k5{ .:s"nsf] cg'udg ;d'bfo / :yfgLo lzIff sfof{nob'j}af6 x'g'k5{ . :s"nsf] d"NofÍg ubf{{ s]6fs]6Lx¿sf]pkl:yltsf] /]s8{, k9fO ePsf] / gePsf] lbgsf]/]s8{, u[xsfo{sf] /]s8{, sdhf]/ ljBfyL{sf] k9fOdfljz]if ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] /]s8{, ljBfyL{sf] pQL0f{ k|ltzta9]sf] /]s8{ cflbnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg'k5{ .

kf7\oqmddf kl/dfh{g csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ ;jfn xf] .kf7\oqmddf ljleGg hft, efiff, wd{ tyf ;d'bfosfx/]s afnaflnsfn] cfˆgf] tl:a/ b]Vg ;Sg] x'g'k5{ .kf7\oqmddf :yfgLo hghLjg, cfjZostf, rfxgf,1fg tyf ;Lkx¿ k|ltlalDjt x'g'k5{ . k|f/lDes pd]/sfafnaflnsfn] cfkm" / cfˆgf] kl/j]zaf/] ;xL ;d‰bf/Lsf]ljsf; ug]{ u/L kf7\oqmd agfpg'k5{ . To;}u/LljBfyL{sf] df}lnstf, ;[hgzLntf a9fpg] / l;Sgsfnflu ;w}+ clek|]l/t ug]{ s'/fx¿nfO{ kf7\oqmdn] ljz]ifhf]8 lbPsf] x'g'k5{ . cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIffsf] /fli6«odfkb08 rflxF s]Gb|n] lgwf{/0f ug]{ / To;df cfwfl/t/x]/ tNnf] lgsfon] kf7\oqmd agfpg] sfd ug'{ a9Lpkof]uL / Jofjxfl/s x'G5 . g]kfnsf] ax';f+:s[lts,ax'eflifs / ax'hftLo rl/qnfO{ k|ltlalDjt ug]{kf7\oqmdsf] th'{df cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

dft[efiffdf lzIff lbg] s'/fdf /fhgLlts :t/df;a} ;xdt b]lvG5g\ . t/ Jojxf/df s;/L nfu"ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df nfu]sf] cGof]nsf] t'jfFnf] c‰}kmf6\g ;s]sf] 5}g . dnfO{ nfU5, g]kfnleqsf ;a}

eflifs ;d'bfoaLrsf] ;Dks{ efiffsf ¿kdf :yflkteO;s]sf] g]kfnLnfO{ la;{g] / lj:yfkg ug]{ u/Lxf]Og, c¿ :yfgLo efiffnfO{ arfpg] / ljsf; ug]{eflifs gLlt cg';/0f ug'{k5{ . k|f/lDes txsf s]xLsIffdf dft[efiffd} lzIff lbg'k5{ . To;kl5 dft[efiff/ g]kfnLdf ;Fu;Fu} / dfWolds txdf g]kfnL /cª\u|]hLdf lzIff lbg] kl/kf6L z'? ug'{ pko''Qm x'G5 .sn]h pk|fGt cª\u|]hL dfWodnfO{ hf]8 lbP xfd|fo'jfo'jtL cfhsf] e"d08nLs/0fsf] o'udf cGt/f{li6«ocj;/x¿nfO{ bf]xg ug{ / cGt/f{li6«o:t/df k|ltlglwTjug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ .

lzIffdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf sfdx¿ c¿ klg 5g\ .k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff cfwf/e"t lzIff kl5/fHosf] k|fyldstfdf kg'{kg]{ If]q xf] . t/ of] If]qcfh;Dd klg plQs} pk]lIft 5 . cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf]xfnt klg To:t} 5 . 7f]; ;'wf/ gul/sg g]kfnsf]pRr lzIffsf] :t/ psfl;g] 5fF6sfF6 5}g . oL If]q/ d'2fx¿df 7f]; gLlt cfjZos 5 . o; af/]dfkl5 ljrf/–ljdz{ u/f}+nf . t/ clxn] klAns :s"nsf]

:t/ p7fpg] / of] txdf JofKt b'O{vfnsf] lzIff cGToug]{ s'/f ;a}eGbf klxnf] Ph]08f x'g'k5{ . of] Ph]08fnfO{;Daf]wg ug]{ k|lqmofsf] ;'?cft ePkl5 lj:tf/} afFsLd'2fdf klg xft xfNg'k5{ . klxnf] Ph]08fnfO{ ;Daf]wgug{ ;+ljwfgdf w]/} s'/f n]Vg'kb}{g . d'Vo s'/f t;+ljwfg;efsf] u7gkl5 aGg] ;/sf/n] lng] gLlt /sfo{qmd g} xf] . klxnf ;+ljwfg hf/L xf];\, clggLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfcf}+nf eg]/ ;do v]/ kmfNg'x'Fb}g .bnx¿sf aLrdf lzIffsf af/]df 7f]; ;d‰bf/L agfpg]/ ;f]xL cfwf/df o;df gLltut ;'wf/ ug]{ sfdyflnxfNg'k5{ . t/ 3'ldlkm/L s'/f k|lta4tfd} cfpF5 .;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:ox¿ gofF / Gofok"0f{ g]kfn agfpgrfxG5g\ eg] ltgLx¿sf] k|lta4tf zAbdf xf]Og,Jojxf/df b]lvg'k5{ . a]nfotdf 6f]gL An]o/ / a|fpgn]‰}F cGt/dgaf6 k|lta4 eP/ lzIffnfO{ p7fpg nfUg'k5{ .g ]kfnsf d'Vo bnx¿ / ltgLx¿sf tkm {af6;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ g]tfx¿ ljutdf ‰}FzflAbs k|lta4tf dfq ;Lldt eP, Jojxf/df 7f];sbd p7fpg]lt/ nfu]gg\ eg] gofF g]kfn t aGnf t/Gofok"0f{ g]kfn rflxF aGb}g .

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…/fi6«ktLoÚ eGbfnlrnf] …;+;bLoÚ

k|f= /d]z 7fs'/

sfo{sf/L /fi6«klt km]l/Fbf pRr txsf lghfdtL clwsf/Lx¿ klg km]l/g] x'gfn]of] k|0ffnL lghfdtL ;]jfsf nflu k|To'Tkfbs aGg hfG5 . To;}n], lg/Gt/tf tyf:yfloTjsf lx;fan] /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL eGbf k|wfgdGqLo k|0ffnL alnof] x'G5 .

/f /fi6«kltn] ub{5 . k|wfgdGqLo k|0ffnLsf cfnf]rsx¿eG5g\, æof] k|0ffnLn] gLltdf ljrng / c;ËltNofpF5 .Æ /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf ;dy{sx¿ /fi6«ktLok|0ffnLn] ;Í6df k/]sf] b]zdf ;'Joj:yf sfod u5{,/fhgLlts k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] e|i6frf/ sd u5{ /ljsf;sf] ult a9fpF5 eGg] bfaL u5{g\ .

ef/tsf] ;+ljwfg Odfgbf/ /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsfnflu agfOPsf] lyof] . t/ cfhsf w]/} ef/tLo/fhgLlt1x¿df ;+ljwfgn] ck]Iff u/]sf] of]Uotf, Ifdtftyf rl/qsf] cefj 5 . ;+;b ;b:o lgjf{lrt x'gul/g] vr{nfO{ ;f+;bx¿n] cfly{s nufgL 7fGg yfn]sf5g\ . ltgn] lghfdtL k|zf;gdf ax'n¶L tl/sfn] x:tIf]kug]{ u5{g\ . /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL x'Fbf] xf] t /fi6«kltn]cfˆgf] k|zf;gdf Ifdtfjfg dflg;x¿ lgo'Qm kfpFYof] .

;+;bLo ;/sf/n] tTsfn lg0f{o ug{'kg{] s'/fdflg0f{o lng ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .o;sf] kmn:j?k k|zf;g ck|efjsf/L / nyflnË x'Fb}hfG5 . lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ :jfy{ af]s]sf zlQmx¿n] bafalbg] x'gfn] dlGqd08n ls+st{Joljd"9 aG5 . ptf/fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL rflxF b[9 / l:y/ x'G5 . cd]l/sLk|0ffnLdf zlQm /fi6«kltdf s]lGb|t x'gfn] of] k|efjsf/L5 . s] klg elgG5 eg], ljwflosfaf6 :jtGq /x]sf]sfo{kflnsf /fli6«o :jfy{ tyf cGo ;jfnx¿df PslrQn]nfUg ;S5 / ljleGg sf]0fx¿af6 cfpg] :jfy{x¿af6klg d'Qm x'G5 .

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/fi6«kltn] hlt cª\s'z ‰]Ng'k5{Ù Tolt cª\s'z k|wfgdGqLn]‰]Ng'kb{}g . o:t}u/L, k|wfgdGqLo k|0ffnLdf dlGqkl/ifbnfO{cfˆgf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ rflxg] ax'dt ;f+;bx¿sf];dy{g k|fKt x'g] ;Defjgf /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf eGbf a9L x'G5 .

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ef/tsf] k|wfgdGqLo k|0ffnLdf /x]sf sdhf]/Ln]s]xL k|Zg cjZo pAhfPsf 5g\ . /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLckgfpg] b]z a9L pGgt x'G5 ls < /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLn]6'lqmPsf kf6L{af6 l;lh{t eb|uf]n / hftLo /fhgLltn]NofPsf] ljgfz tyf SofG;/ ¿kL e|i6frf/af6 b]znfO{d'lQm lbnfpg ;SYof] ls < o:tf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/vf]Hg' clxn] ;fGble{s / w]/} b]zsf nflu lzIffk|bklg x'g;S5 .

;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf ljwflosfdf ax'dt k|fKt s'g}kf6L{ jf u7aGwgsf] g]tf k|wfgdGqL x'G5 / ;/sf/sf]g]t[Tj p;}n] ub{5 . t/, /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdfsfo{kflnsfnfO{ ljwflosfaf6 cnu /flvPsf] x'G5 /sfo{kflnsfsf] g]t[Tj k|ToIf lgjf{rgaf6 cfPsf]


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ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL / cd]l/sL /fi6«klt .

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cfj/0f ljZn]if0f zf;g k|0ffnL

w]/} o'/f]k]nL b]zdf /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL eGbf ;+;bLok|0ffnL lsg a9L l6sfp ePsf] 5 eg] ToxfF /fi6«k|d'v/ ;/sf/ k|d'v cnu–cnu JolQm x'G5g\ . /fi6«ktLok|0ffnLsf] /fi6«klt s'g} kf6L{ljz]ifsf] x'g] x'gfn] ;fj{hlgsgLltsf ;jfndf p;n] kf6L{ut nfOg lnG5 . t/;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] …;]/]df]lgonÚ /fi6«k|d'vn] eg] ;Dk"0f{b]znfO{ g} k|ltlglwTj u5{ . pm kf6L{ut l5gf‰k6Lsf]v]neGbf dfly /x]sf] x'G5 .

/fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf /fi6«kltnfO{ p;sf] kbaf6x6fpg dxfleof]u h:tf] Hofb} s8f / ljefhgsf/Lsbd rfNg'k5{ . cd]l/sL /fi6«klt lSnG6gsf kfnfdfNofOPsf] dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjsf] 6'Ëf] nufpg ckgfOPsf]nDa]tfg k|lqmof x]bf{ of] k|0ffnL 7Ls xf]Og eGg]lgisif{df hf]–sf]xL klg k'U5 . ;+;bLo k|0ffnLn]k|wfgdGqL x6fpgsf nflu ;+;bdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjh:tf] l56f] tyf ;lhnf] k|lqmof cËLsf/ u/]sf] 5 ./fhgLlts jf:tljstf tyf ;dLs/0fsf cfwf/df

;lhn};Fu ;/sf/ 9fNg / gofF ;/sf/ u7g ug{;lsG5 . ;;{tL{ x]bf{ af/Daf/ ;/sf/ km]l/Fbf /fhgLltscl:y/tf cfPh:tf] b]lvG5 . t/ o:tf] nrsbf//fhgLlts k|lqmofn] s'g} ;/sf/ k|fljlws ¿kdf;Í6df k/]klg l;Ëf] k|0ffnL ;Í6df kb}{g . s'g}k|wfgdGqL kbd'Qm x'Fbf k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLdfly ;Í6cfpFb}g .

;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ljefhg rsf{] ePsfb]zdf ;+;bLo k|hftGqn] c‰ a9L :yfloTj k|fKtub{5 . of] Joj:yfn] /fhgLlts ;Í6sf a]nfdf ldlnh'nL;/sf/ agfpg] 5"6 lbG5 . o:tf] Joj:yfn] zlQmafF8kmfF8sf] l;4fGt cg';f/ /fhgLlts ;Gt'ng Nofpgd2t ub{5 . ldlnh'nL ;/sf/n] b]zleq /x]sf cg]sgrfxgf÷:jfy{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf Pp6} ;dLs/0fdfNofpg d2t ub{5 . t/ oL ljlzi6 s'/fx¿ /fi6«ktLok|0ffnLdf sNkgf ug{ ;lsFb}g . /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdfgePsf] csf{] Pp6f s'/f] klg ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf 5 .Tof] xf]– ;fd"lxs pQ/bfloTjsf] efjgf h;n] ;fdflhstyf /fhgLlts ljljwtfnfO{ ‰NsfPsf] x'G5 .

;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf ;/sf/sf ;a} lg0f{ox¿dfSoflag]6 ;b:ox¿sf] ;fd"lxs lhDd]jf/L /xG5 .dGqLx¿ :jtGq /fhgLlts cl:tTj ePsf zlQm x'gfn]k |wfgdGqLn] /fhgLlts ;Í6sf a]nfdf dfqdlGqd08nsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ a]jf:tf ug{ ;S5 ./fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf :jtGq cl:tTj ePsf JolQmnfO{dlGqd08ndf lj/n} dfq lgo'Qm ul/G5 .

o;}u/L /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf r'gfj lhTg]n] lglZrtcjlw;Dd ;a} zlQm PSn} pkof]u u5{ . /fi6«kltsf]lgjf{rgdf xf/]kl5 cd]l/sL pk–/fi6«klt cn uf]/sf]/fhgLlts hLjg ;dfKt eof] . ;+;bLo Joj:yfdfePsf] eP pgL ljwflosfdf k|ltkIfL bnsf] g]tfsf]e"ldsfdf Ps vfnsf] k|efj hdfO/xg ;Sy] .jftfj/0fLo s"6gLltdf /x]sf] pgsf] Ifdtf tyf bIftfsf]e/k'/ pkof]u x'g ;SYof] . Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sn h:tf;+j]bgzLn d'2fx¿df pgn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{xug{ ;Sy] . t/ /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL x'gfn] cd]l/sfdfo:tf] x'g kfPg . -cd]l/sfdf ;+;bLo k|0ffnL ePsf]eP s] rflxF a]kmfObf x'GYof] eg] cn uf]/n] r'gfjxf/]/ klg ;+;bdf k|efjsf/L e"ldsf v]Ng kfpFy] .To;f] ePsf] eP h] sfd u/] jfkt pgn] gf]a]nk'/:sf/ kfP Tof] rflxF ug{ kfpg] lyPgg\ ._

;+;bLo Joj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL ;db'/Lx¿sf aLrsf]k|d'v xf] t/ /fi6«kltsf] ;db'/L 5}g . v/fa /cIfd ;/sf/ k|d'vaf6 hf]lugsf nflu /fi6«ktLok|0ffnL eGbf ;+;bLo k|0ffnL;Fu s]xL alnof /Iffsjrx'G5g\ . otfsf lbgdf w]/} cd]l/sLx¿ klg o; s'/fnfO{:jLsfg{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

-o'lgel;{6L ckm jf6/n"sf /fhgLltzf:qL k|f= 7fs'/sf] of] n]v!% dfr{ @))* sf] b lxGb" b}lgs df k|sflzt 5 . ;+=_

cg'jfbM k'ik kf}8]n

w]/} ljZn]ifsx¿n] ef/tLo /fhgLltsf g/fd|f kIfnfO{;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] c;kmntfsf ¿kdf JofVof ug]{ u/]sf5g\ . t/ cd]l/sL k|0ffnLnfO{ a]nfot h:tf] k|efjsf/L;+;bLo k|0ffnL;Fu t'ngf ug{] xf] eg] k|wfgdGqLo k|0ffnLklg /fd|f] ePsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 .

”

”

k|mfG;]nL /fi6«klt/ a]nfotLk|wfgdGqL .

OG6/g]6 tl:a/


x'g ;Qm}g . o;}n] g]kfnL /fHonfO{ ;xL ¿kdf abNg' k¥of] /;a} hflt, If]q, ju{ of lnËsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj/fHoJoj:yfdf x'g ;Sg' k¥of] . k'g;{+/rgfsf] Ps d'Vo kIfzlQm / ;fwgsf] ;|f]tsf] Gofok"0f{ ljefhg u/L ;a} If]q /ju{aLr k'¥ofO{, ul/a, c;xfo g]kfnLnfO{ ;an kfg]{ ePsfn]sf7df8f}Fs]lGb|t zf;gJoj:yfnfO{ k|To]s If]qd'vL kfg{ ;+3Lok|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf dx;"; x'g uof] . @ ;o $) jif{;DdrNb} cfPsf] /fHoJoj:yfsf nIf0f kQf] nufO{ ltgdf ?kfGt/0fug]{ s'/fsf] vf]hL ;+3Lo k|0ffnL klg xf] . g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns,If]qLo, ;fdflhs agf]6 / hgcfsfª\Iffn] ubf{ ;+3Lo 9fFrfcfjZos ePsf] 5 . lsgeg] g]kfnsf] PsfTds Joj:yf lgDgsf/0fn] c;kmn eof]Ms= cfh;Dd rn]sf] Joj:yf ;dfj]zL x'g ;s]gÙv= P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf clt s]Gb|Ls[t zf;gk|0ffnL ePsf] / cGo

If]q / ;d'bfo :jtM zlQm / ;fwg÷;|f]taf6 ljd'v ePsf]Ùu= r'gfjdf ;Lldt nf]stGq ;dfj]zL / k|ltlglwd"ns x'g

g;s]sf]Ù3= hgk|ltlglw sf7df8f}Fd'vL eO{ cfˆgf] If]qsf] ljsf;k|lt

pbf;Lg ePsf]n] r'gfjsf a]nfdf dfq lgjf{rgdf hfg] /h;/L x'G5 r'gfj lhTg] xTs08f k|of]u ug]{ k/Dk/f a;]sf]/ …nf]stGqÚ sf gfddf r'gfjL tGq (Electoralism) sf]cEof; ePsf]Ù /

;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf]cf}lrTo / ljz]iftf

k|f=8f= nf]s/fh a/fn

;|f] hgcfGbf]ng -@))^_ qmflGtsf/L k|s[ltsf] 5 .o;n] k'/fgf /fhgLlts dfGotf, ;+:yfk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f,

nf]stGqsf] ;xL JofVof / k|of]usf lgldQ gofF ;f]rsf] vfFrf]cf}+NofPsf] 5 . o;n] /fhgLlts ¿kdf zlQmsf] ;|f]tsf] kl/jt{gu/]sf] / ;+:yfut lx;fan] k'/fgf wf/0ffdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{gvf]h]sf] 5 . ctM /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, If]qLotf /cGo b[li6n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k"0f{ ?kfGt/0f vf]h]sf] 5 . cfh;DdlylrP/ a;]sf d'2f / hgrfxgf PsfPs aflx/ cfpFbf st}…KofG8f]/f aS;Ú -;d:o} ;d:ofsf] af9L_ v'n]sf] t xf]Og eGg]efg k/]sf] 5 . o; kl/jt{gsf d'Vo tTj lgDg 5g\Ms= zlQmsf] ;|f]t g]kfnL hgtfÙv= ;dfj]zL nf]stGqÙu= /fhtGqsf] c;fGble{stfÙ3= ;+3Lo k|0ffnL / If]qLo ;Gt'ngÙ /ª= ;}4flGts ldng / To;sf] ;xL ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] oGq

/ z}nLsf] vf]hL .oL t eP hgcfGbf]ngn] lglb{i6 u/]sf ljifo, h;sf] k|flKt

/ k|of]usf nflu ToxL cg';f/sf] /fhgLlts ;+:sf/, ;+:yfutkl/kf6Lsf] ljsf;, hgd'vL ;fdflhs, cfly{s sfo{qmd /:yfloTjsf] vf]hL 5 . o;} kl/k|]Iodf cfh /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf]s'/f p7]sf] 5 . lsgeg] @ ;o $) jif{ k/Dk/fjfbL -?9LjfbL_;+:sf/ / ;+:yfdf e/ k/]/ dfly elgPsf uxg ljifosf] k|of]u

cfj/0f /fHosf] :j?k

;a} hflt, If]qdf ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts xslxtsf] olsg ePsfv08df dw]z dfq} cnu PsfOsf ¿kdf /xg'x'Fb}g . cfh dw]z,kxf8, lxdfnL ;a} If]q ldnL g]kfn ag]sf]n] Pscsf{sf ;fwg÷;|f]tsf];d'lrt ljt/0f ul/g'k5{ .

bf]

/ljg ;fo\ld

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%44

cfj/0f /fHosf] :j?k

ª= a;fOF;/fOn] kxf8 / dw]zaLr s6'tf k}bf ePsf] / dw]z,hghflt, blnt, dlxnf / cGo ul/a, lkl;Psf / lylrPsfju{sf] pGgltdf /fHo kIfkftL ePsf] .

;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostfs] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLn] lje]bsf] pko'{Qm ;d:ofsf] lgSof]{n ug{;S5 < cflv/ ;+3Lo k|0ffnL eg]sf] s] xf] < s] o;sf cfwf/g]kfndf alnof 5g\ < ;Dej slt 5 / o;n] Nofpg] gsf/fTdskIf s] x'g;S5g\ < oL ;a} kIfsf] n]vfhf]vf t uxg u[xsfo{/ cWoogaf6 x'g;S5 . t/ ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] ;fGble{stfsfljifodf ;+lIfKt ljZn]if0f ug{ eg] ;lsG5 .

;+3Lo k|0ffnL nf]stGqsf] cEof; ug]{ qmddf ;a} kIf /If]qsf hgtfsf] kx'Fr, zlQm / ;fwg÷;|f]tdf k'Ugsf nflua[xt\ /fli6«o Pstf sfod ug]{ kl/kf6L xf] . PsfTds k|0ffnLnfO{dfGbf klg ;a} b]zdf Ps} lsl;dn] nfu" ug{ ;lsFb}g .

;fwf/0ftof Ps}vfn], efiff, hflt / ;+:s[lt ePsf] If]qdfa;f]af; ug]{ gful/ssf] klxrfg /fVg / To; cg'?ksf] ;xeflutfu/fpgsf nflu b]zleq If]qLotfsf] cfwf/ vf]lhG5 . o;/Lklxrfg /fVg] / clwsf/ ;'/lIft ug{ zf;goGqnfO{ s]Gb|, If]q/ :yfgLo txdf ljefhg ul/G5 . t/ d'Vo ¿kdf s]Gb| /If]q÷k|b]z ;/sf/df zlQm / sfo{ ljefhg eg]s} ;+3Lo k|0ffnLxf] . :yfgLo klxrfg / If]qLotfk|lt a9L elQm (Sub-nation-alism) n] ubf{ PsfTds /fHosf] ;f6f] If]qLo k|0ffnLsf] rfxgfa9]sf] xf] .

o;/L ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf s]Gb| / k|fGtaLr zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8x'G5 . k|fGt, lhNnf / u|fdL0f tx;Dd zlQm, ;fwg, ;|f]tafF8L ldlnh'nL zf;g ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+3fTds k|0ffnL elgG5 .sfn{ h]= k|m8l/s\sf egfOdf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL eGgfn] ;+j}wflgszlQmsf] ljefhg s]Gb| / cGo tnsf ;/sf/aLr x'g] k|0ffnLxf] . o;n] Pscsf{sf zlQmdf x:tIf]k ug{ ldNb}g t/ sltko

d'n'sdf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL leq} klg s]Gb|sf] d"n e"ldsf /xg]k|fjwfg /fv]sf] kfOG5 . PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLdf ;a} zlQm-tnb]lv dfly;Dd_ Ps} 7fpFdf ;Lldt x'g] t/ ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdfk|b]z ;/sf/df klg s]xL d'Vo ljifo afx]s cGodf k|fb]lzsof If]qLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf /xG5 .

o;sf] d"n cfwf/ ;d‰bf/L / ;xdlt xf] . ctM ;+3fTdsJoj:yfsf s]xL d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿ 5g\Ms= s]Gb| / cGo k|fb]lzs PsfOsf aLr ;d‰bf/Ldf cfwfl/t

sfo{ ljefhg x'G5 . s]Gb| / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/aLr zlQm /sfd afFl8G5 .

v= ;+3Lo k|0ffnL s]Gb|n] v6fP/ lbg] Joj:yf xf]Og, g t of]g]kfnn] eGb} cfPsf] ljs]lGb|t Joj:yf xf] . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdfs]Gb|n] s]xL clwsf/ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ lbPsf] x'G5 /ToxL cg';f/sf] ;fwg÷;|f]tsf] aGbf]a:t u/]sf] x'G5 . ;+3Lok|0ffnL cGtu{tsf] zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8df cfˆgf] :jfoQtfx'G5 / s]Gb|n] x:tIf]k ug]{ ;Defjgf x'Fb}g .

u= ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] pNn]v ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] x'G5 / s'g–s'gzlQm / sfo{ s;sf] lhDdf eGg] klg k|:6 kfl/G5 .

3= s]Gb| / k|b]z of k|fGtaLr s'g} s'/fdf ljjfb ePdfGofokflnsfn] To:tf] ljjfbsf] 6'Ëf] nufpF5 .

ª= ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf s]Gb|n] zlQm lbg] geP/ ;+ljwfgåf/f g}k|fb]lzs lgsfonfO{ zlQm lbOG5 . ef/tdf o:tf zlQmsf]afF8kmfF8 tLg lsl;dn] ul/Psf] 5M s]Gb|df dfq /flvPsfzlQm / sfo{, k|fGtdf /flvPsf zlQm / s]Gb| / k|fGtldlnh'nL k|of]u ul/g] zlQm . s]Gb|n] o'4sf] 3f]if0ff ug{;Sg], ;'/Iff, cy{, k//fi6« gLlt / cGo sltko ljifodfclwsf/ /fv]sf] x'G5 . c¿ d'n'sl;t zflGt ;D‰f}tf ug'{kbf{of cf0fljs dfldnf cflbdf s]Gb|n] zlQm /fv]sf] x'G5 .t/ ljsf;sf sfd ug{, ljb]zL k"FhL leœofpg of cfsif{0fug{, cfh k|fGtLo ;/sf/ klg ;+nUg ePsf] kfOG5 .

g]kfn /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfM :juL{o 8f= xs{ u'?ªn] kl/sNkgfu/]sf] gofF g]kfn . h;df pgn] :yfgLo÷If]qLo jf k|fb]lzs;/sf/nfO{ a9L clwsf/ lbg] k|:tfj u/]sf lyP . ;+3Lotfsf;DaGwdf xfn;Dd ;fj{hlgs ePsf k|:tfjx¿dWo] 8f= u'?ªsf]of] k|:tfj ;a}eGbf a9L Jofjxfl/s / lg/k]If dflgG5 .

;fef/M lxdfn va/klqsf, !^ kmfu'g @)%*


s]Gb| / k|fGtaLr ;DaGws]Gb| / PsfOaLrsf] ;DaGw ;a} 7fpFdf Ps} lsl;dsf] x'Fb}g .;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLn] k|fGt -/fHo_ nfO{ w]/}:jfoQtf lbPsf] 5 . t/ pgLx¿sf] cfzo cnlUug] b]lvFb}g .Sofg8fsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL klg cd]l/sfsf] h:tf] 5}g . ax'efiff,ax';+:s[lt, ax'hflt ePsf] ;dfhdf Ps} cfwf/ kfpg ufx|f]x'G5 . To;}n] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ldNbf]h'Nbf] (Symmetrical) /gldNbf] (Asymmetrical) x'G5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df a9L gldNbf]dfq xf]Og, cgf}7f] ;fdflhs agf]6 kfOG5 . hghflt / dw]zsf]cfˆg} vfnsf] klxrfg / leGgtf 5 . s'g} Ps hflt jf;d'bfosf] jr{:j g/xFbf jf ;f‰f ef}uf]lns If]q gx'Fbf ;+3Lok|0ffnL lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/ kfpg cK7\of/f] k/]sf] 5 . cfhPsflt/ ;+3Lo k|0ffnLk|lt d'n's k|lta4 ePsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns agfj6 hftLo / eflifs cfwf/ ljeflht5 . To;df klg oltsf jif{sf] /fHosf] ;fF3'/f] ;f]r / sfo{n]If]q, ju{, hfltaLr ljZj;gLotf 36]sf] 5 . ;+3Lo k|0ffnLnfO{rflxg] h'g ;xsfo{ / cfk;L ljZjf; xf], Tof] algg;Sbf;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf hfg] cfwf/ klxNofpg ufx|f] eO/fv]sf] kfOG5 .

k|fGtLo klxrfgsf lgldQ klg ;a}l;tsf] cfk;L ljZjf;/ ;d‰bf/L rflxG5 . gful/ssf cg]s kl/ro x'G5g\ . klxnf]t pm cfˆgf] kl/jf/ clg ufpF, lhNnf, k|b]z / /fHosf] ;a}sf];f‰f kl/ro xf] . o:tf] tx–txdf afFl8Psf] kl/rosf] a[xt\kl/ro gful/stf xf] . t/ olb Jofks kl/ro lbg] /fHolje]bsf/L eOlbof] eg] gful/s cfˆgf] xs, lxt, If]qsf] pGgltcflbk|lt ;r]t x'g yfN5 . o;n] dfGotf / kl/ro vf]H5 .:jfoQtfsf] s'/f, zlQm / ;|f]tdf kx'Frsf] s'/f cfpF5 //fHol;t ‰u8f ug{ yfN5 .

g]kfndf ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] dfusf k5fl8 d"n sf/0f clts]Gb|Ls[t /fHoJoj:yfsf] cGTo / /fHosf] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfzlQm / ;|f]tdf k'Ug] k|lqmofsf] vf]hL x'g\ .

;a} hfthflt, efiff, efifL, ;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg ;fy} g]kfn/fHosf] Pstf / cv08tf sfod} /fVg dw]z, efj/ k|b]z /kxf8 cnUu} PsfOdf afF8\g ;lsFb}g . dw]z k|b]z eg]/ :jfoQk|b]z dflgFbf leqL–dw]zsf] -efj/_ cl:tTj /xg ufx|f] k5{ .jf:tjdf dw]z, kxf8 / cGo If]qsf] klxrfg / g]kfnsf]Pstf / cv08tf agfO/fVg dw]z / kxf8sf] ;d‰bf/L sfod/fVg}k5{ . dw]zLsf rfxgf / cfsfª\Iffsf ;fy} pgLx¿n]hg;ª\Vof cg's"nsf] zlQm / ;fwg;|f]tdf lx:;f kfpg'k5{ .o;sf] ;dfof]hg ug{ dw]znfO{ cnUu} PsfOsf ¿kdf g/fvLg]kfn /fHonfO{ tLgb]lv kfFr ef}uf]lns k|b]zdf ljefhg ug{;lsG5 . o:tf] ljefhg pQ/–blIf0f (Vertical) / k"j{–klZrd(Horizontal) cfwf/df ug{ ;lsG5 . Ps ljåfg\sf] k|:tfjdfkfFr k|b]zdf ljefhg ul/Psf] kfOG5 . tL x'g\M k"jf{~rnk|b]z, dWodf~rn k|b]z, klZrdf~rn k|b]z, ;'b"/klZrdf~rnk|b]z / s0ff{nL k|b]z . o;df k|z:t /fhgLlts u[xsfo{ x'g'k5{/ ;a}sf] xslxtsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L ;d‰bf/Ldf k'Ug ;Sg'k5{ .;a} hflt, If]qdf ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts xslxtsf] olsgePsf v08df dw]z dfq} cnu PsfOsf ¿kdf /xg'x'Fb}g .cfh dw]z, kxf8, lxdfnL ;a} If]q ldnL g]kfn ag]sf]n]Pscsf{sf ;fwg÷;|f]tsf] ;d'lrt ljt/0f ul/g'k5{ . kxf8sfgbLgfnf / cGo hDd} k|fs[lts ;fwg Pscsf{df ;DalGwt

5g\ . ltgsf] ldlnh'nL pkof]u ug'{k5{ . o;nfO{ …;xof]ufTds;+3jfbÚ sf] clt pQd gd'gf dflgg]5 . casf] g]kfndf kxf8]hfltsf s]xL ;De|fGt ju{n] dfq /fHosf] zlQm / ;|f]t÷;fwgsf]pkof]u ug]{ eGg] s'/f x'Fb}g . cfh nf]stGqsf] ;xL ;dfj]zLs/0f/ Jojxf/ ;zlQms/0fsf] l;4fGt / Jojxf/sf] sfof{Gjogdfb]lvg}k5{ .

;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fg]kfnn] cfh ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf hfg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 .o; ljifodf ljleGg df]8n -gd'gf_ klg gcfPsf xf]Ogg\ .t/ w]/}h;f] df]8n ls t hftLotf ls t If]qLotfdf cfwfl/t5g\ . t/ h'g;'s} gd'gf -df]8n_ cGtu{tsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLn]lgDg kIfdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'k5{M!_ g]kfnsf] Pstf / cIf'00ftfdf cfFr gcfpg]Ù@_ ;a} ;d'bfo / If]qaLr ;d‰bf/L / Pstf sfod x'g'kg]{Ù#_ ;+3Lo k|0ffnL th'{df ul/Fbf cfly{s / k|zf;sLo ;Defjgf

x]l/g'kg]{Ù /

$_ s]Gb| / ;+3Lo OsfOsf aLr s;/L ;fwg÷;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8ug]{ <o;f] ul/Fbf g]kfnsf] ;f+:slts, hfltut, wfld{s / If]qLo

ljleGgtf (Diversities) sf] klg x]Ssf /flvg'k5{ . jf:tjdf;+3jfb eg]s} b'O{ cnu k|j[lQaLr– Jofks ;f‰f :jfy{ /:yfgLo :jfoQtfsf]– ;d‰bf/L xf] . cfh;Ddsf] g]kfnsf] cg'ejn]s] b]vfpF5 eg] :yfgLo of If]qLo ;|f]t÷;fwg of k"FhL a9L¿kdf s]Gb|sf nflu vr{ ul/Psf] 5 / tnsf ljsf; ;w}Fdflysf lgufxdf e/ k/]sf 5g\ . ;fgf–;fgf ljsf;sf nfluklg s]Gb|s} d'v tfSg] afgL a;]sf] 5 . To:t} 5, k|zf;g If]qklg . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;, zf;gtGqsf] ;+:sf/ / ;/sf/L z}nLclt s]lGb|t ePsf]n] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f vfnL gfddfqsf] /Xof] .ctM /fhf dx]Gb|n] rnfPsf] tyfslyt …ljs]lb|t k|hftGqÚ df/ xfn;Ddsf cGo k|of]udf klg s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;+:sf/n] k|e'TjhdfPsf] kfOG5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df, c¿ b]zsf gd'gf klg x]l/g'k5{ . ef/tsf];+3Lo k|0ffnL cGo b]zsf] h:tf] 5}g . ef/tdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fljifodf k|z:t 5nkmn ePsf] kfOG5 . ToxfFsf] efiff, hflt,wd{ / cGo sltko ljljwtfn] ;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/ kfPsf] 5 .t/ ef/tdf ;f]leot ;+3 aGbfv]l/ lbPsf] …cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/Úk|fGtnfO{ lbPsf] 5}g . ctM ef/tsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf klgPsfTds k|0ffnLsf] afx'No 5 / sltn] o;nfO{ …s]Gb|Ls[t ;+3jfbÚ(Centralized federalism) klg eg]sf 5g\ . s]=;L= xj]/n]eg] …cw{–;+3jfbÚ (Quasi-federalism) eg]sf 5g\ . o;n]ubf{ cfjZostf kbf{ s]Gb|n] /fHosf] zlQmdf x:tIf]k u/]sf]

cK7\of/f] ;fdflhs, ef}uf]lns, /fhgLlts kl/j]zdfs;/L ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ;Dej x'g;S5 eGg] k|Zg;a}sf ;fd' 5 . olt w]/} 9fFrf cfO/x]sf 5g\ t/7f]; ;dfwfg eg] c‰} lgsfNg ;lsPsf] 5}g .

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k|df0f oqtq kfOG5 . t/ lxhf]cfh eg] ef/tsf] /fhgLltsgS;f ablnPsf] / s]Gb| klg c¿ If]qLo bnsf] andf l6s]sfn]s]Gb|n] hyfefjL /fHo ;/sf/nfO{ x6fpg 5f]8]sf] 5 . o;n]ubf{ ;xsfl/tfd"ns ;+3jfb (Cooperative Federalism) sf]efjgf j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] kfOG5 . x'g t s'g} klg ;+3Lo k|0ffnLcfk;L ;xof]udf rNg'kg]{ x'G5, lsgeg] cfk;L cljZjf; /snxn] d'n's g} 6'lqmg] 8/ x'G5 . ;f]leot ;+3sf] cGTo;Fu}k'/fgf OsfOx¿n] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|of]u ub}{ cnlUuP/!% b]z x'g k'u] . oL klg n]lggl;t u/]s} ;d‰bf/Lsf cfwf/df;f]leot ;+3sf] lx:;f ag]sf lyP .

;+3Lo :j?kg]kfndf s:tf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL rflxG5 < g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns jgfj6,hftLo, eflifs / If]qLo ljleGgtf Psflt/ kfOG5 eg] cfk;Ld]nldnfk / ;xjf;sf] ;+:sf/ csf]{lt/ 5 . t/ zf;gdfPsflwsf/jfbL k/Dk/fn] ubf{ cfh s]xL c;d‰bf/L a9]sf]5 . k'/fg} vfn] ;f]r /fVg]sf] nflu of] ljv08gsf/L b]lvPsf]5 eg] c¿sf nflu g]kfnnfO{ ;xL ¿kdf ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsfdfWodåf/f PsLs/0f ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] yfngL . t/ zf;s ju{of bnsf g]tfdf gofF ;f]r, c7f]6 / dfu{bz{g ug]{ Ifdtfljsf; x'g ;s]g eg] of] ljv08gsf/L klg x'g;S5 . ;+3Lok|0ffnLsf k|f/lDes ?k ljleGg sf]0faf6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ t/s'g rflxF plrt ;dfwfgsf] af6f] xf] eGg rflxF ;lsPsf]5}g . lsgeg] cfj]u of efjgfdf au]/ dfq 7f]; ;dfwfg

cfpg ;Qm}g . ;a} ju{, If]q of ;d'bfosf] :jfy{sf] /Iff klgxf];\ / g]kfnL /fHosf] zlQm klg o;} cfwf/df a9\g ;sf];\eGg] cfwf/ g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;} kl/k|]Iodf ljleGg:jfoQ If]qsf s'/f p7]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfnnfO{ hftLo /If]qLotfsf cfwf/df gf} If]qdf ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ -x]=tl:a/_ .tL x'g\Ms= ls/fFt :jfoQ If]qÙv= tfdfª :jfoQ If]qÙu= td'jfg :jfoQ If]qÙ3= g]jf/ :jfoQ If]qÙª= du/ft :jfoQ If]qÙr= y?jfg :jfoQ If]qÙ5= dw]z :jfoQ If]qÙh= e]/L–s0ff{nL :jfoQ If]qÙ /‰= ;]tL–dxfsfnL :jfoQ If]q .

kl5Nnf b'O{sf] eg] If]qLotfsf (Territorial) cfwf/df ljefhgul/Psf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL df]8ndf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL Toltv]/ geg]klg cfh of] bn ;+3Lo k|0ffnLk|lt k|lta4 5 . c¿ bn klgs'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf Psdtb]lvG5g\ .

hftLo, efiffut of cGo ;f+:s[lts cfwf/df ;+3 k|0ffnLgaGg] xf]Og . jf:tjdf s'g} If]qdf o:tf] afx'No /x]s} cfwf/dfk|fb]lzs ;/sf/ agfOPsf] kfOG5 . ef/tdf /fHosf] -k|fb]lzs_ljefhg efiffut cfwf/df ePsf] kfOG5 . t/ g]kfndf k|To]s

dfcf]jfbLsf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdfk|:tfljt ;+3Lo g]kfnsf] gS;f .


If]q (Region) sf] hftLo jgfj6 x]bf{ s'g} klg hfltsf]jr{:j ePsf] kfOFb}g . ‰g\ b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ hg;ª\Vofsf] lx;fan]t k|To]s hghfltsf] ;ª\Vof !) k|ltzt eGbf sd 5 . If]qL–afx'gsf] hg;ª\Vof sl/a #) k|ltzt / cGo hflt, If]qLo /cGosf] -d';ndfg nufot_ &) k|ltzt 5 . hghfltsf cfwf/dfx]l/Fbf ls/fFt :JffoQ If]qdf /fO{ / lnDa" $* k|ltzt / cGokxf8] hft / hfltsf] ;ª\Vof qmdzM !$=^ k|ltzt / #&=@k|ltzt 5 . o;n] /fO{ / lnDa"sf] ;ª\VofnfO{ pl5g]sf] kfOG5 .efiffut ¿kdf /fO{ / lnDa" @(=$ k|ltzt / cGo !# k|ltzt5g\ . o; If]qdf g]kfnL efiff af]Ng] %&=$ k|ltzt k5{g\ .To;df klg /fO{leq cg]syl/sf ;–;fgf xfFuflaFuf 5g\ . o;n]s;/L ls/fFt If]q eg]/ Ps cnUu} :jzfl;t If]q aGg ;S5 <tfdfª a;f]af; u/]sf] If]qdf h;nfO{ tfd;flnª :jzfl;tIf]q elgPsf] 5, $@=* k|ltzt tfdfª / !%=# k|ltzt cGohfthflt k5{g\ . To;leq $!=& k|ltzt hftdf ljeflht;d"x k5{g\ . g]jf/ :jzfl;t If]qdf $#=( k|ltzt g]jf/,!!=! k|ltzt c¿ hghflt ;d"x / $$=( k|ltzt pRr hft-afx'g÷If]qL_ k5{g\ . td'jfg If]qdf @#=* k|ltzt u'?ª, !&=(k|ltzt cGo hghflt ;d"x / %#=& k|ltzt du/, !@=$k|ltzt blnt / %!=& k|ltzt afx'g÷If]qL k5{g\ .

csf]{ If]q y?jfg xf], h;df $&=^ k|ltzt yf¿, !@=&cGo / #( k|ltzt kxf8] afx'g÷If]qL k5{g\ . dw]zL :jzfl;tIf]qdf @*=* k|ltzt t/fO{sf hftdf ljeflht ;d"x -blntnufot_, !&=! k|ltzt dw]zL hflt, kxf8] afx'g÷If]qL@^=( k|ltzt k5{g\ . d}lynL, ef]hk'/L / cjlw efiff af]Ng]sf]^(=( k|ltzt ;ª\Vof 5 eg] g]kfnL efiff af]Ng] @% k|ltzt .afFsL $# k|ltzt 5g\ .

e]/L÷s0ff{nL :jfoQ If]qdf, kxf8] afx'g÷If]qLsf] ;ª\Vof^&=% k|ltzt, blntsf] !@=% k|ltzt / cGo hflt !@=(k|ltzt 5g\ . To:t} ;]tL / dxfsfnL If]qdf, kxf8] afx'g÷If]qLsf];ª\Vof *%=& k|ltzt 5 eg] blntsf] !$=@ k|ltzt / (*=#k|ltztn] g]kfnL efiff af]N5g\ . ctM dflysf :jfoQ If]qdWo]oL kl5Nnf b'O{ j6fdf dfq Ps?ktf (Homogeneous) /:jfoQ If]qsf] 7f]; cfwf/ kfOG5 . c¿ w]/} df]8n -gd'gf_ n]ls t dfcf]jfbL 9fFrfdf yk36 u/]sf] 5 ls t If]qLo ljefhgnfO{c‰ kl/dfh{g ub}{ /fHosf] ;|f]t÷;fwg / zlQmsf] Gofof]lrtafF8kmfF8 u/L ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ;f]‰} gk'Ubf x'G5 eGg] ts{lbPsf] kfOG5 . s;}n] xfnsf] &% lhNnfnfO{ 36fO{ @% kfg]{/ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;xL ?kdf nfu" ubf{ x'g] s'/f p7fPsf 5g\ eg]s;}n] If]qsf] ;ª\Vof %÷& kfg'{kg]]{ s'/f p7fPsf 5g\ . g/xl/cfrfo{, xs{ u'?ª, kLtfDa/ zdf{, s]=aL= u'?ª, kl/ yfkf,s'df/ of]~hg, uf]ljGb g]pkfg], ejfgL a/fn, r}tGo ld>,z+s/ kf]v|]n, s[i0f vgfn, dx]Gb| nfjtL, /fh]Gb| >]i7, xl//f]sf, cd/]zgf/fo0f ‰f / cd/]zs'df/ l;+xn] ls t hftLols t If]qLo cfwf/ b]vfPsf 5g\ . cfnf]s af]x/f / nf]s/fha/fnsf] wf/0ff clns km/s 5 . dw]z / kxf8sf] ;Gt'lnt;DaGwdf pgLx¿sf] hf]8 5 . t}klg hfltut hg;ª\Vof, e"ld/ If]q, efiffut If]qLo klxrfg cyf{t\ ;f+:s[lts jr{:j / To;If]qleqsf] pTkLl8t ju{sf] cfwf/df g} /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfx'g'k5{ eGg] ts{ 5 . o:tf cfwf/ vf;u/L ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsfnflu plrt x'g ;S5g\ g ls ljs]lGb|t Joj:yfsf nflu .

g]kfn Ps …ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts / ax'wfld{sb]z xf] .Ú ;g\ !(() sf] ;+ljwfgn] g} o:tf] ljljwtfnfO{:jLsf/]sf] lyof] . t/ g]kfn …lxGb"/fHoÚ eGg] ;+j}wflgs :jLsf/f]lQmn]ljleGg hghflt, cGo wfld{s ;d'bfonfO{ :jLsfo{ ePsf] lyPg .ctM g]kfn wd{ lg/k]If /fHo g} x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lyof] .cfh of] dfu k"/f ePsf] 5 t/ oL gofF dfGotf / l;4fGtnfO{s;/L Jojxf/df ptfg]{ xfFs eg] 7"nf] 5 .

ljleGg hfthflt / wfld{s ;d'bfo lxGb", d';ndfg, lqm:tfg,a'4dfuL{ cflb g]kfnsf ;a} If]qdf 5l/Psf 5g\ . s'g} Ps;d"xsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] jr{:j 5}g . &% lhNnfdWo] If]qL gjf}FlhNnfdf, du/, yf¿, tfdfª, g]jf/ / u'?ª !$ lhNnfdfc¿eGbf clws 5g\ (Majority), kxf8] hghflt, hft ;d"xsf]@* lhNnfdf afx'No 5 eg] cf7 lhNnfdf hghflt, dw]zL;d"x / Ps lhNnfdf hghflt ax';ª\Vofdf 5g\ . afFsL /x]sf!) lhNnfdf kxf8] / dw]zL ;d"x k|To]s tLg lhNnfdf /

rf/ lhNnfdf s'g} ;d"x klg ax';ª\Vos 5}gg\ . ctM g]kfndfcNk;ª\Vosn] g} ax'hftLo /fi6« rnfO/x]5g\ .

o:tf] cK7\of/f] ;fdflhs, ef}uf]lns, /fhgLlts kl/j]zdfs;/L ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ;Dej x'g;S5 eGg] k|Zg ;a}sf ;fd'5 . olt w]/} 9fFrf cfO/x]sf 5g\ t/ 7f]; ;dfwfg eg] c‰}lgsfNg ;lsPsf] 5}g . olta]nf ax; / efif0f w]/} rn]sf5g\ / of] x'g' cfjZos klg 5 . t/ /fHo / bnx¿n] uxgcWoog / lrGtg ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . g t cf7 bnsf] ldlnh'nLrn]sf] ;/sf/n] dw]z, hghflt, blnt, dlxnf / cGo pTkLl8tju{sf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] dfusf] plrt ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;s]sf]5 . ctM dw]z, hghflt, blnt ;a} cf–cfˆgf] 7fpF vf]Hg]sfddf nfUbf cfGbf]lnt ePsf 5g\ .

ef/tsf] cg'ejs] g]kfnn] ef/tsf] cg'ej lng ;S5 < o;sf s]xL kIfg]kfnsf nflu klg ;sf/fTds b]lvG5g\ . s'g} ¿kdf klgg]kfnL ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ;d‰bf/L / ljZjf;af6} cfpg'k5{ g lscfGbf]ng / bafaaf6 . o;sf nflu ;xsfo{, jftf{ rNg' /ulx/f] cWoog x'g'k5{ .

s] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLn] oL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lgsfNnf < of]k|Zg ca k'/fgf] ePsf] 5 lsgeg] s'g} k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLcfhsf] c7f]6 ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ljz]if kl/l:yltn] ubf{ /ljZjsf ;a} df]8n lgofNbf ;xof]ufTds ;+3jfb (Coopera-

cfw'lgs g]kfndf rn]sf] clt s]Gb|Lo zf;g tGq,clwgfosjfbL / ;fdGtL ;f]rn] u|l;t jftfj/0fdf;+3Lo k|0ffnL rnfpg ;xL ¿kdf /fHosf] ?kfGt/0fsf]cfjZostf 5 . xf]Og eg] k'/fg} /S;L gofFaf]tndf /fv]sf] h:tf] dfq x'G5 . o;n] /fi6«lgdf{0fsf] ;f6f] /fi6« ljv08gsf] l:ylt klgcfpg ;S5 .

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lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%48

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tive Federalism) s} ;+/rgf agfpgkl§ nfUg'k5{ . ef/tsf];+3Lo k|0ffnL g]kfnsf nflu Ps pQd gd'gf x'g;S5 t/g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs, ef}uf]lns / /fhgLlts kl/j]z eg] ef/tsf]eGbf leGg 5 . ef/tdf efiffut cfwf/nfO{ d"n ¿kdf lnOof]lsgeg] To:tf If]q -/fHo_ cjl:yt lyP . x'g t cGo ;–;fgf/fHo klg 5g\ tLdWo] slt ;/sf/sf cwLgdf k5{g\ . ctM/fHosf] ljefhgn] ubf{ ;+3Lo k|0ffnL cFufNg ;lhnf] kf/]sf]xf] . sltn] ef/tsf] h:tf] clt ljeflht ;dfhsf nflu;xsfl/tfdf cfwfl/t (Consociational) Joj:yfsf] cfjZostfk/]sf] dfG5g\ . o; df]8nn] ;a} eflifs, wfld{s, ;d"xx¿nfO{;dfj]z u5{, ;a}nfO{ ;f+:s[lts :jtGqtf (Autonomy) lbG5,/fhgLlts / k|zf;sLo lgo'lQmdf ;dfg'kfltsdf b]lvG5 /cNk;ª\VosnfO{ cfˆgf d'Vo clwsf/ / :jfoQtfsf nfluljz]if clwsf/ (Veto Power) lbG5 . t/ w]/}n] sG;f]l;o;gndf]8nsf cfwf/df dfq cdgrog sfod x'g ;Qm}g eGg] ts{plQs} alnof] ¿kdf /fv]sf] kfOG5 . lsgeg] ef/tdf cNk;ª\Vosd';ndfg hlxn] klg ax';ª\Vos lxGb"af6 ql;t 5g\ . cg]slxGb", d';ndfg bËf klg eO/xG5g\ .

g]kfnL ;+3sf ljz]iftfhg;ª\Vofsf] jgfj6, dw]z, kxf8sf] g5'6\g] ;DaGw (Inte-gral Part), ;+:s[lt, wd{ / cfly{s ?kn] Pscsf{df e/kg]{k/Dk/fn] g]kfnL ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ;xof]ufTds g} x'g'k5{ . o:tf]ljZjf; / ;d‰bf/LnfO{ /fli6«o k"FhLsf ¿kdf lnOg'k5{ g lsk|lt:kwf{Tds ;+3jfb . ctM ;xof]ufTds ;+3jfbsf] efjgf;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/ xf] . t/ o; l;4fGtnfO{ cfˆg} ;Gbe{dfJofVof / k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df ;xof]ufTds;+3jfbsf lgDg ljz]iftf x'g;S5g\Ms= ;+3Lo PsfOsf] cfwf/ …cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/Ú (Right to

self determination) geO{ s]Gb| / k|b]zsf aLr zlQmljefhg x'g'k5{ . lsgeg] clt ljeflht b]zsf nflu of]/fli6«o ljv08gsf] cfwf/ x'g;S5 . ;+ljwfg cw{–;+3Lo /cfjZos kbf{ s]Gb|n] ljz]if clwsf/ k|of]u ug{;Sg] x'FbfJofjxfl/s x'g;S5 . t/ o;f] ubf{ e/;s k|fb]lzs;/sf/l;t k/fdz{ ug'{k5{ tfls ;xof]ufTds ;+3jfbsf]efjgfsf] pNnª\3g gxf];\ .

v= Ps :jtGq /fli6«o cfof]usf] u7g ug]{, h;df b]zdf k|ltli7t,OdfGbf/of]Uo ;b:o /xg ;s"g\ . o; cfof]un] k|b]z /s]Gb|sf aLr kg]{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;sf];\ .

u= dw]zL, hghflt / cGo ;a} kIfaLr c‰ a9L ;d‰bf/La9fpg] ultljlw x'g'k5{ . Pscsf{nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ / ;xsfo{

ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg x/ g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs/fhgLltnfO{ u'0ffTds kl/jt{g ug{ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgk|0ffnL cFufNg'k5{ . hghflt, dw]zL / cGo ju{ / If]qsf]dfu k"/f x'g] / ldlnh'nL ;/sf/ rnfpg] kl/kf6LnfO{c‰ ljsl;t kfg]{ . ca k'/fgf] vfnsf] ;f]r / ;+:sf/n];/sf/ rnfpg ;lsFb}g . gofF kl/kf6L cFufNg'kg]{ kl/l:yltalg;s]sf] 5 .

ª= g]kfnsf] Pstf / If]qLo cIf'00ftf ;a}sf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifox'g'k5{ . o;sf nflu ;a} If]q / ju{n] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fubf{ k|lta4tf hgfpg'k5{ .

r= bnsf g]tf / c¿n] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] dxŒj / dfGotfa'´g'k5{ . k'/fgf dfGotf / ;f]rn] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL rNgufx|f] x'G5 .

5= dw]z / kxf8nfO{ Pscsf{l;t ;xof]ufTds ;DaGw sfod/fVg kfFr efudf pQ/–blIf0f (Vertical) / k"j{–klZrd(Horizontal) If]qLo ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ tL If]qleqkg]{ k|To]s lhNnf (District) df ;fwg–;|f]tsf] hg;ª\Vofsfcfwf/df ;dfg'kflts 9Ën] ljefhg x'g'k5{ . t/ k|To]stNnf] OsfOn] cfˆgf] Onfsf ljsf; ug{ / cGo ultljlwug{ kfpg] k|fjwfg x'g'k5{ . o;/L k|fb]lzs / lhNnf lgsfoagfpg ;lsG5 .g]kfnL /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo k|0ffnLnfO{ Ps

cfjZos kIfsf ¿kdf ;a}n] dfg]sf 5g\ . /fHodf cNk;ª\Vos/ ax';ª\Vossf] ljefhg c¿ d'n'ssf] h:tf] gePsf]n] klg;lhnf] k/]sf] 5 . cGo hfthflt eGbf If]qL–afx'gsf] ;ª\Vofa9L 5 / of] hft b]zel/ kfOG5 klg t/ ca x'g] k|fb]lzsljefhg -;+3Lo PsfO_ sf] cfwf/ ;DalGwt PsfOleqsf]hfthfltsf] agfj6 cg';f/ lgdf{0f x'g;S5 . t/ ;a} ;d'bfon];dfg'kflts cfwf/df To; k|b]zleqsf] ;fwg÷;|f]t / zlQmsf]k|of]u ug{ kfpg'k5{ . o;f] ubf{ hftLo cfwf/d} klg k|b]zlgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 t/ o; cGtu{t s;}n] klg cfkm" jl~rtePsf] cg'ej ug]{ jftfj/0f agfOg'x'Gg .

cGTodf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL v8f ug{ lgDg kIf x]l/g'k5{Ms= ;+3Lo PsfOsf] cfwf/ (Size),v= sfo{sfl/0fL / Joj:yfksLo clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8sf] k|s[lt,u= cfly{s cfh{gsf] ;|f]tsf] ljefhg,3= Goflos / k|zf;sLo ;]jfsf] ;f‰]bf/L,ª= s]Gb| / If]qLo ;/sf/aLr ;xh kfg]{ oGqsf] lgdf{0f,r= s]Gb|sf ;+:yfx¿sf] k|s[lt, /5= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ k|lqmofsf] :ki6tf .

;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf x]l/Fbf g]kfndf ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] ljsNk gePsf]kfOG5 . o;k|lt dfgl;stf alg;s]sf] t/ s'g gd'gf plrtx'G5 eGg ufx|f] ePsf] cj:yf 5 . cfw'lgs g]kfndf rn]sf]clt s]Gb|Lo zf;g tGq, clwgfosjfbL / ;fdGtL ;f]rn]u|l;t jftfj/0fdf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL rnfpg ;xL ¿kdf /fHosf]?kfGt/0fsf] cfjZostf 5 . xf]Og eg] k'/fg} /S;L gofF af]tndf/fv]sf] h:tf] dfq x'G5 . o;n] /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] ;f6f] /fi6«ljv08gsf] l:ylt klg cfpg ;S5 .

-/fhgLltzf:qsf k|fWofks a/fn g]kfn ;d;fdlos cWoog s]Gb| (NCCS) sf

sfo{sf/L cWoIf x'g'x'G5 . k|:t't cfn]v ;f] s]Gb|åf/f xfn} dfq k|sflzt …;+3Lo

k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostfÚ gfds k'l:tsfaf6 lnOPsf] xf] ._

zf;s ju{ of bnsf g]tfdf gofF ;f]r, c7f]6 /dfu{bz{g ug]{ Ifdtf ljsf; x'g;s]g eg] of]ljv08gsf/L klg x'g;S5 . ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsfk|f/lDes ?k ljleGg sf]0faf6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ t/s'g rflxF plrt ;dfwfgsf] af6f] xf] eGg ;lsFb}g .

”

”


xl/k|;fb nD;fn

Hon] ljBfno lzIffdf vr{ ug]{ s'n /sdtL ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ afnaflnsfx¿sf]

nflu xf] . nufgLsf] d"n Wo]o, afnaflnsfx¿nfO{pQm txsf] lzIff k"/f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf–;'ljwf;'lglZrt ug'{ xf] . s'g} Ps afnaflnsfnfO{ tf]lsPsf]tx÷sIff k"/f u/fpg kf7\ok':ts, 5fqj[lQ, :6]zg/L,lzIfs, ljBfno ;~rfng vr{ cflb ;a} hf]8]/ k|ltljBfyL{ nfut lgsfNg] ul/G5 . xfdLsxfF /fHon] ljBfnolzIffdf u/]sf] s'n nufgLsf] cÍnfO{ pQm txdfcWoog/t ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofn] efu u/]/ k|lt ljBfyL{PsfO{ nfut kQf nufpg] ul/Psf] 5 . t/ of] jf:tljsnfut gx'g ;S5 .

/fHon] lzIff If]qdf ug]{ nufgLsf ljleGg df]8]nx¿kfOG5g\ . z}lIfs nufgLsf] cfwf/ e"uf]n jf If]q,hg;ª\Vof, pd]/ ;d"xsf] ;ª\Vof, ljBfyL{ egf{, ljz]if;xof]u cfjZos kg]{ ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof, dft[efiff cflbx'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . :yfgLo txsf] ljljwtfnfO{ Gofok"0f{tj/af6 ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu /fHon] ljBfyL{ ;ª\VofnfO{cfwf/ dfg]/ nufgL ug]{ u5{ . s}of}+ ljsl;t d'n'sx¿dfljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofnufot cGo cfwf/nfO{ lnP/ /fHon]Psd'i6 ¿kdf ljBfnonfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg]u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ljBfno;~rfng, lzIfs Joj:yf, ljBfyL{sf nflu kf7\ok':ts,lbjf vfhf, k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmd cflb h:tf kIfx¿ x]g]{ub{5g\ . o;/L /fi6«af6 Psd'i6 cg'bfg / :yfgLo:t/df;Íng ul/Psf] /sdaf6 ljBfno ;~rfng ug]{ ul/G5 .o; lsl;dsf] k|0ffnLaf6 hfg] cg'bfg /sdleq lgdf{0f/ 7"nf–7"nf dd{t h:tf sfo{x¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'Fb}g .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df /fHon] s] s:tf] k|0ffnL cjnDagu/]df ;|f]tnfO{ kf/bzL{ Pjd\ cf}lrTok"0f{ agfpg ;lsG5

…k|lt ljBfyL{ nfutÚ cjwf/0ff– …h'g ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9L 5, k};f ToxLFhfg'k5{Ú eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . of] sfo{qmdn] Pp6f ljBfyL{sf lzIffsf] nflucfjZos kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ;d]6\g] geO{ k|fylds txdf lzIfs h'6fpg rflxg] Go"gtd vr{dfq pknAw u/fpF5 .

/f

ax;M z}lIfs nufgL

eGg] af/]df ljleGg k/LIf0fx¿ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . cfwf/e"ttyf k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmdsf] bf];|f] r/0f sfof{Gjogug]{ qmddf kxF'r, u'0f:t/ / Joj:yfkgnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/;|f]t Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;nfO{ kl5 uP/ ;"qdfcfwfl/t nufgL -kmd"{nf a]:8 kml08ª_ klg eGg yflnof] .oxL df]8n ljsfl;t eP/ xfnsf] …ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf-P;cfO{kL_Ú df cfwfl/t nufgLsf] cjwf/0ff sfof{GjogdfNofOPsf] xf] . o; lx;fan] xfn sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf]…k|lt ljBfyL{ PsfO{ nfutÚ PsfPs NofOPsf] gofFsfo{qmd geP/ lzIff ljefun] ljutb]lv cEof; ub}{cfPsf] sfo{qmds} ljsl;t ?k dfq xf] .

g]kfnsf] k|fylds lzIffsf w]/} r'gf}tLx¿dWo]lzIfs;Fu ;DalGwt kIf ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .kof{Kt ;|f]tsf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] a9\bf] ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofsf]cfwf/df lzIfs Joj:yf ug{ / pknAw lzIfsx¿nfO{klg ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df Goflos¿kdf ljt/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;af6ljBfyL{x¿sf] 7"nf] lx:;f lzIfssf] ;]jfaf6al~rt /xg' k/]sf] 5 . egfOdf ;|f]tsf]Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f elgP tfklg Jojxf/df;f] x'g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] k|z:t dfqfdf;'lgFb} cfPsf] 5 .

lzIff ljefun] rfn' cfly{s jif{@)^$÷^% b]lv k|fylds txdf lzIfsJoj:yfkgsf nflu …k|lt ljBfyL{ nfutÚsf]cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 .klxnf] jif{ ePsf]n] o; sfo{qmdcGtu{t;a} ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿ ;d]l6g;s]sf 5}gg\ . of] jif{ cg'dlt k|fKtu/L xfn;Dd ;d'bfoåf/f ;~rflnt jf

ls/0f kf08]

hxfF w]/} ljBfyL{ ToxL+ w]/} cg'bfg…k|lt ljBfyL{ nfutÚsf] dd{

lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%50

ax;M z}lIfs nufgL

;d'bfoåf/f Joj:yfkg lhDdf lnOPsf k|fyldsljBfnox¿ dfq ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

k|lt ljBfyL{ nfut cg'bfg kfpgsf nfluljBfnox¿n] s]xL zt{ k"/f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf]nflu ljBfnon] cfˆgf] ;]jf If]qleq /x]sf ljBfnoegf{ x'g afFsL afnaflnsfx¿Ù vf;u/L ul/a tyfljkGg ;d'bfosf 5fq–5fqf, cjnfË cflbsf] klxrfgug{ 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f u/L pgLx¿nfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ug]{ sfo{of]hgf;lxtsf] ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf tof/ug{'k5{ . To:t} ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf]sDtLdf klg () k|ltzt lgoldt pkl:ylt u/fpg]sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ / ljBfnosf]clGtd k/LIffsf] glthf *) k|ltztdf g36\g] ;'lglZrtug{ cfjZos sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ h:tfzt{ klg k"/f ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 .

ljBfnodf cWoog/t ;a} afnaflnsfn] ;dfg¿kdf l;Sg kfpg] cj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;/sf/af6ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg]p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] xf] . of]sfo{qmdn] ljBfyL{sf] lzIffsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;Dk"0f{vr{ ;d]6\g] geO{ k|fylds txdf lzIfs Joj:yfsf]nflu cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd vr{ dfq ;d]6\g] ub{5 .

…k|lt ljBfyL{ nfutÚ cjwf/0ff– …h'g ljBfnodfljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9L 5, k};f ToxLF hfg'k5{Ú eGg]dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . ljBfnox¿nfO{ ;d'bfo k|lta9L lhDd]jf/ agfpg, ljBfno / ;d'bfosf] aLrdf;xsfo{ u/L ToxfF /x]sf ;a} afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljBfnodfNofpg ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] p2]Zo;d]t o; sfo{qmdn]lnPsf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/LÙ :yfgLo txdf k|lt:kwf{df/x]sf ljBfnox¿sf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ clej[l4 eO{ a9LeGbfa9L ljBfyL{ cfkm"tkm{ cfslif{t ug{ tL ljBfnox¿nfO{k|f]T;fxg ldnf];\ eGg] klg o;sf] cfzo /x]sf] 5 .

of] sfo{qmdn] ljBfnonfO{ lbOg] cg'bfg ljBfyL{;ª\Vofdf cfwfl/t ug{, ;fdflhs Gofosf cfwf/dfkf/bzL{ ¿kdf ljBfnonfO{ cg'bfg ljt/0f ug{, cg'bfgljt/0fdf Ps?ktf sfod ug{ tyf lzIfs b/aGbLsf]cefjaf6 ljBfyL{sf] k7gkf7gdf k/]sf] k|efjnfO{ sdug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

k|lt ljBfyL{ PsfO{ nfutsf] kl/df0fljBfnox¿nfO{ …k|lt ljBfyL{ PsfO nfutÚ cg'bfgpknAw u/fpFbf ljBfyL{ ;ª\VofnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgG5 .

ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9\bf cg'bfg /sd a9\g] /ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof 36\bf cg'bfgsf] /sd 36\g]u5{ . …k|lt ljBfyL{ PsfO nfutÚ u0fgf ubf{k|fylds txsf lzIfssf] z'? tna :s]n /lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{ Pjd\ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdfqmdzM $), $% / %) hgf ljBfyL{ ;ª\VofnfO{cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ lxdfndf PslzIfs a/fa/ $) hgf, kxf8df Ps lzIfsa/fa/ $% hgf / t/fO{ Pjd\ sf7df8f}+

pkTosfdf Ps lzIfs a/fa/ %) hgf ljBfyL{;ª\VofnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL pknAw lzIfs ;ª\VofnfO{lx;fa u/L ;f] cg'kfteGbf a9L ePsf ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofsf]nflu / lzIfs b/aGbL gePdf ;a} ljBfyL{x¿sfnflu lzIfs pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

k|lt ljBfyL{ PsfO nfut lx;fa ubf{ k|lt ljBfyL{lxdfnL If]qdf jflif{s ?=@)$!, kxf8L If]qdf ?=!*!$tyf t/fO{ Pjd\ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ?=!^## sfb/n] /sd pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 -x]= aS;_ .o;/L ljBfnodf cWoog/t ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof / sfo{/tlzIfs ;ª\Vofsf] cg'kftnfO{ cfwf/ lnP/ s] sltljBfyL{ lzIfssf] ;xof]uaf6 al~rt ePsf 5g\ egLkQf nufpg] ul/G5 . o;/L o; cg'kfteGbf a9LljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof ePdf ;f]xL cg'kftdf k|lt–ljBfyL{PsfO{ nfut lgsflnG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu lxdfnLIf]qdf $) hgf ljBfyL{sf lglDt Ps hgf lzIfs -:jLs[t b/aGbL jf /fxt cg'bfg_ sfod ul/Psf]k|fylds txsf] ljBfnodf $% hgf ljBfyL{ 5g\ eg]lzIfs ;xof]u gkfPsf % hgf ljBfyL{sf nflu ljBfnon]kfpg] cg'bfg lgDgfg';f/ to ul/G5M

% hgf -lzIfs ;xof]u gkfPsf ljBfyL{_ X?=@)$) -k|lt ljBfyL{ nfut_ Ö ?=!),@))Psd'i6 cg'bfg kfpg ;S5 .

sfof{Gjog k|lqmofljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof / pknAw lzIfs ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df…k|lt ljBfyL{ nfutÚ sfod eO;s]kl5 lzIff ljefun]tbg'?ksf] sfo{qmd / /sd lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodfk7fpF5 . lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] ;f] /sd ljBfnosf]vftfdf /flvlbG5 . o:tf] /sd ljBfno Joj:yfkg;ldltn] lzIfs Joj:yfd} vr{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . k|fyldstxsf] z'? tna :s]nnfO{ cfwf/ dflg …k|lt ljBfyL{nfutÚ u0fgf ul/Psf] x'gfn] lzIfs tnadf j[l4x'gf;fy o;df klg j[l4 x'g hfG5 . xfn sfodul/Psf] /sd kof{Kt 5}g eGg] s'/fdf ;a} gLltlgdf{tfx¿ ;xdt eO;s]sf x'Fbf cfufdL lbgdf of]/sd a9\g] lglZrt k|foM g} 5 .

lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsflzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnon] ;|f]t Joj:yfkg / ;dGjoug]{, sfo{qmdsf] k|0ffnLut ¿kdf cg'udg / pknlAwsf]

tx z'? tna:s]n

!@ dlxgf / rf8kj{vr{;d]tsf] hDdf tna

k|fylds ?=^@*) ?=*!^$) ?=@)$! ?=!^##?=!*!$

kxf8 t/fO{ Pj+sf7df8f}+ pkTosf

lxdfn

lzIfs ;'ljwf / k|lt–ljBfyL{ nfutk|fylds txsf Ps lzIfsn] kfpg] ;'ljwf k|lt ljBfyL{ nfut


;dLIff Pjd\ ljZn]if0f ug]{Ù sfo{qmddf gLltut ;'wf// sfo{qmdut kl/dfh{g ug]{ tyf dftxtsf lgsfonfO{cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] ub{5 eg] lzIff ljefu of]sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|d'v lgsfosf] ¿kdf /x]sf]5 . ljefun] …k|lt ljBfyL{ PsfO nfut cg'bfgÚ pknAwu/fpg'kg]{ lhNnf / ljBfno tf]Sg], ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofsf]ljj/0f cBfjlws /fVg], lhNnfut ¿kdf sfo{qmdlgdf{0f u/L cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg], pknAwLsf] cg'udgug]{ tyf k|lt cg'bfg af/]df kg{ cfPsf clgoldttf–;DaGwL ph'/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO{ / sf/afxL ug]{ ub{5 .If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnonfO{ lgoldt ¿kdf sfo{qmdsfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkOPsf] 5 .

lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox¿n] k|lt ljBfyL{ PsfOnfut cg'bfg kfpg] ljBfNfox¿sf] klxrfg ug]{,ljBfyL{x¿sf] ljj/0f ;ª\sng ug]{, ljBfno / ljBfyL{sf]ljj/0f;lxt lzIff ljefudf /sd dfu ug]{, k|lqmofut?kdf /sd lgsf;f lbg], ljBfnon] k7fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof eP gePsf], /sdsf] ;xL¿kdf k|of]u ePgePsf] cg'udg ug]{, ljBfnox¿af6k|ult k|ltj]bg lnO{ If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfno tyfljefudf k7fpg] h:tf sfo{x¿ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 . of] sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf dxŒjk"0f{ lgsfosf]¿kdf ljBfno / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /x]sf 5g\ .

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ljBfno ;]jf If]qdf/x]sf t/ ljBfnodf egf{ gePsf afnaflnsfsf]klxrfg / ljBfnodf egf{ u/fpgsf nflu 3/w'/L;j]{If0f ug]{, ljBfno aflx/ /x]sf afnaflnsf egf{ug]{ nIo ls6fg u/L ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf tof/kfg]{ tyf tf]lsPsf] ldltleq ljBfno egf{ ePsfafnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L lhNnf lzIffsfof{nodf k7fpg'kb{5 . o;}u/L ljBfnodf egf{ePsf afnaflnsfsf] lgoldt pkl:ylt u/fpgsf]nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ klg ;ldltn] g} tof/kfg'{k5{ . egf{ ePsf ljBfyL{nfO{ ljBfnodf l6sfO/fVg/ ltgsf] k9fO pknlAwd"ns agfpg cfjZos of]hgf/ sfo{qmd agfO{ ljBfno / ;ldltn] sfof{Gjogu/L To;sf] k|ult ljj/0f lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodfk7fpg'k5{ . ljBfnosf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodfk7fpg} k5{ . o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t k"0f{sflns jfcf+lzs lzIfs lgo'lQm ug{ cfˆgf] ljBfnosf]ljlgoddf Joj:yf u/L lhNNff lzIff ;ldlt÷lhNnflzIff sfof{noaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg'k5{ . To;kl5 dfqof] sfo{qmd nfu" x'G5 .

sfof{Gjogsf r'gf}tLdfly g} pNn]v ul/of] ls ;|f]tnfO{ Gofok"0f{ tj/af6ljlgof]hg ug{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] o; sfo{qmdn]lzIff If]qsf tdfd ljljwtf tyf ljifdtfnfO{ PSn}cjZo klg ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sb}g . o;af6 ;a}

;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;Dej klg 5}g . vf;u/L o;n]lzIfs ljt/0fdf /x]sf] c;dfgtf tyf ljifdtfnfO{;Daf]wg ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . ljBfyL{ Psbd yf]/}eP tfklg lzIfs ;ª\Vof p:t} /lx/xg] cj:yfnfO{cGt ub{5 . o;}u/L ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9L eP/ klg;f] cg'kftdf yk lzIfs kfpg g;s]sf ljBfnox¿o; Joj:yfaf6 nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ . t/ of] gLltsfof{Gjogdf hfgf;fy Pp6f ;d:of tTsfn} cfpg];Defjgf 5 . Tof] xf], sd hg;ª\Vof ePsf If]qdf/x]sf ljBfnox¿n] ;|f]tsf] cefjdf yk sl7gfO{ef]Ug'kg]{ x'g;S5 . lzIfssf] :yfloTj af/]df 7f];gLlt aGg afFsL g} /x]sf] 5 . lzIfssf] a9L ;/f]sf//x]sf] of] gLlt hlt l56f] aGg ;Sof], sfof{Gjogdfhfg Tolt g} ;lhnf] x'G5 .

of] gLlt sfof{Gjogdf n}hfFbf s]xL ;d:of cfpg;Sg];DefjgfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsGg . ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofsf]cfwf/df ljBfnodf cg'bfg hfg] ePsf]n] a9L cg'bfgxft kfg{ ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9fP/ /fVg], egf{/lhi6/df gSsnL ljBfyL{ /fVg] k|j[lQ a9\g ;S5 .

o;n] ubf{ ;f] gLltsf] jf:tljs dd{ cg'?k sfo{qmdsfof{Gjogdf ghfg ;S5 . 7f]; Pj+ pko'Qm cg'udg;+oGqsf] cefjdf dflysf] cj:yfdf lgoGq0f gcfpg;S5 . o;} klg ljBfnox¿sf] lgoldt / k|efjsf/Lcg'udg ug{ g;s]sf] cf/f]k lzIff dGqfno / o;cGtu{tsf lgsfox¿dfly nfdf] ;dob]lv nfUb} cfPsf]5 . of] cfwf/xLg cf/f]k xf]Og . cg'udgsf] sfdlgoldt / x'g'kg]{ hlt k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]g eGg]ulx/f] cg'e"lt u/]/ g} ;/sf/n] ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg;d'bfosf] lhDdfdf lbg yfn]sf] xf] . t/ gSsnL ljBfyL{yKg] k|j[lQnfO{ ;d'bfon] lg?T;flxt gug{ klg ;S5g\ .ctM of] k|j[lQnfO{ /f]Sg pko'Qm Pj+ 7f]; cg'udg;+oGqsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . t/ clxn];Dd To:tf] ;+oGqlgdf{0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;|f]tsf];d'lrt ljt/0f / k|of]udf k|Zg p7\g;S5 . k|To]sjif{ ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof 36a9 x'g hfg] / ;f]sf]cfwf/df ljBfnon] kfpg] cg'bfgdf klg 36\g] a9\g]ePsf]n] tbg'?k ;f]sf] tYofÍ /fVg] tyf cBfjlws ug]{k|0ffnL / sfd b'j} pko'Qm / k|efjsf/L x'g}k5{ .o;sf] cefjdf of] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9Ën] sfof{Gjogx'G5 eg]/ ljZj:t x'g ;lsFb}g . of] gLltsf] ;a}eGbf7"nf] r'gf}tL oxL xf] .

-n]vs lzIff ljefudf pk;lrj x'g'x'G5 ._

of] gLlt sfof{Gjogdf n}hfFbf ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/dfljBfnodf cg'bfg hfg] ePsf]n] a9L cg'bfg xft kfg{ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof a9fP/ /fVg], egf{ /lhi6/dfgSsnL ljBfyL{ /fVg] k|j[lQ a9\g ;S5 .

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ax;M z}lIfs nufgLk|f=8f= ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf

s;n] ug]{,s;/L ug]{ <

Iffdf u'?x¿n] nufgL u/] . logLx¿sf] nufgLsNof0fsf/L nufgL -Rofl/6L kml08ª_ xf] .

bf];|f] sf]l6sf nufgLstf{ lzio x'g\ . lxGb" / af}4sflziox¿n] leIff6g u/] . To;}af6 cfk"m kflnP . u'?nfO{kfn] . of] bfgflh{t nufgL xf] . bfg / cfh{g ldn]sf] .t];|f] nufgLstf{ cleefjs x'g\ . cf–cfˆgf / c¿sf;Gtfgsf nufgLstf{ . ;fdn / …lkmÚ lbg] nufgLstf{o;df k5{g\ . rf}yf] vfn] nufgLstf{ ;+3;+:yf x'g\ .k'/fgf] efiffdf u'7Lsf] nufgL . clxn]sf] zAbfjnLdf5fqj[lQ . kfFrf}F vfn] nufgLstf{df ;/sf/ k5{ .cd]l/sfsf] xsdf ;+3Lo / :yfgLo ;/sf/ . rLgsf]xsdf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ . k|mfG;sf] xsdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ .oL kfFr} vfn] nufgLstf{n] Pp6f d"No :yflkt ul/lbP .Tof] xf], …xfdL nufgL ug{ ;S5f}F .Ú t}klg cfd lzIffsfnflu ;/sf/ g} k|d'v nufgLstf{ aGof] .

nufgLsf] :j?k s:tf] /Xof] <u'?n] nufgL ubf{ cfˆgf r]nfr]nLnfO{ dfq} u/] . cfdlzIffdf u/]gg\ . cyf{t\ sNof0fsf] nufgL ug]{n] ul/anfO{dfq x]/] . csf]{ zAbdf eGbf ;xfg'e"ltsf] nufgLu/] . lziox¿n] cfˆg} lglDt nufgL u/] . cleefjsn]cfˆg} ;Gtltdf nufgL u/] . ;+3;+:yfn] cfˆg} dtsfjf dtdf nfUg vf]Hg]nfO{ nufgL u/] . o; cy{dfclwsf/d'vL nufgL s;}n] u/]gg\ . cfd nufgL s;}n]u/]gg\ . ToxLFg]/ ;/sf/ cfof] . …;fdflhs enfOÚsf] ;/sf/ x'Fbf …sfd nfUg]Ú JolStdf nufgL u¥of] .cfpg] / k9\g cfOlbg] JolStdf nufgL u¥of] . …;fdflhs

lz ¿kfGt/0fÚ sf] ;/sf/ x'Fbf/fhgLlts bfloTj ;D‰]/ nufgLu¥of] . g]kfndf klxn]sf b'O{vfn] ;/sf/ /x] .clxn] ;/sf/ rnfpg]x¿sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqn]clwsf/d'vL nufgLsf] /x/ b]vfPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{nufgLsf] :j?k ablnFbf] qmddf 5 .

ljutsf] ;/sf/L nufgL s:tf] lyof] <Psd'i6 cg'bfgaf6 ;/sf/n] nufgL yfNof] . …d}n]lbg] olt xf], 6fg]{ k'¥ofpg] ltd|f] sfd xf]Ú eGg] z}nLdfefiff kf7zfnfdf ToxL u¥of] . klZrdL z}nLsf elgg];fj{hlgs ljBfnodf ToxL u¥of] . …gofF lzIff of]hgfÚelgg] /fli6«o lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgf, @)@* n] of]qmd eTsfof] . olt a]nf ;/sf/n] …rflxg] /sdÚnfO{ cfwf/ agfof] . k|fylds txnfO{ rflxg] hlthDd} lbg] . lgDgdfWolds txnfO{ rflxg]sf] &% k|ltztlbg] . dfWoldsnfO{ rflxg]sf] cfwf lbg] . pRrlzIffnfO{ eg] Psd'i6 cg'bfg lbg] a'l4nfO{ lg/Gt/tflbof] . @)$^ ;fnkl5 eg] dflj;Ddsf lzIfssf]tna ;/sf/n] lbg] gLlt /Xof] . o;/L u'? ag]sflzIfs sd{rf/L ag] . cleefjssf] k|ToIf nufgL36\of] . lzio jf ljBfyL{n] nufgL hDdf ug]{ a'l4d[tk|foM eof] . enfOsf] nufgL ug]{x¿n] klg cfˆgf]If]q lj:tf/ ug{ ;s]gg\ . w]/} dfg]df pgLx¿ v'lDrP .oL / o:tf ljrngx¿ x'Fbf klg ;/sf/n] d} nufgLu5'{ eGg] af]l‰nf] lhDd]jf/L af]Sg 5f]8]g .

nufgL Jojl:yt ug{ ;/sf/n] ;"q lgsfNof] .

h] u/] klg h;f] u/] klg ljBfno lzIff :yfgLo;/sf/s} lhDdf lbpmF– c:yfoL lzIfs egf{,;?jf, tflnd lbg] lhDdf cflb ;a} . t/ k]G;g/ pkbfgsf] lhDdf ;+3, lhNnf, If]q, /fHo,k|fGtsf ;/sf/n] lncf}+ . k|ltof]uL÷ k|lt:kwL{;+:sf/ agfpg] sfd klg s]Gb|n] u/f}+ .


ljBfyL{ z'Ns / sNof0f -;/sf/_sf] nufgLaf6 rn]sfa"9fgLns07 :s"nh:tf klg 5g\ . :yfgLo t/ clnclnx'g]vfg]n] Joxf]/]sf cg'dltk|fKt ljBfnox¿ 5g\ .k|fylds txsf] :yfoL :jLs[lt ePsf / lgdflj /dfWolds txsf] cg'dlt kfPsf ljBfnox¿ . To:t}d'l:nd wdf{jnDaLsf] wfld{s s/ -hsft_ df cfwfl/tljBfnox¿ 5g\ . cfw'lgs efiffdf lognfO{ :yfgLos/df cfwfl/t ljBfno eGg ;lsG5 . o;}u/L gj–O;fO{sf ljBfnox¿ 5g\– ljb]zL rr{ / bftfn] lbPsf]/sddf rNg] . o; afx]s k6s] ;xfotfdf afFr]sfy'k|} ljBfnox¿ 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o u}/;/sf/L;+:yf, ljb]zL /fhb"t tyf :jb]zL bftfx¿n] lbPsfbfgaf6 rn]sf ljBfnox¿ o;cGtu{t k5{g\ . r]kfªsfnflu vf]lnPsf] cGTof]bo cfjf;Lo ljBfno To;sf] Pp6fgd'gf xf] . o; cy{df g]kfnL ljBfnox¿ cf–cfˆg}tfndf nufgL ul/Psf 5g\ . ltgdf qmda4tf 5}g .

;dsfnLg a'l4 s] /Xof] </fhgLlts bnsf r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqsf] ljZn]if0fn]z}lIfs nufgLsf tLgj6f a'l4 lbPsf] 5 . klxnf]a'l4n] s]Gb|Lo nufgLsf] lg/Gt/tf vf]H5 . bf];|f]a'l4n] ;+3Lo nufgL vf]h]sf] 5 . t];|f] a'l4n] :yfgLo,;+3Lo / s]Gb|Lo nufgLsf] cg'kft /f]h]sf] 5 . o;cy{df ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{…cx|f}6]Ú dfq agfPsf 5g\ . o;/L x]bf{ /fhgLltsbnx¿n] :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ kTofPsf] b]lvFb}g .ltgnfO{ g ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf lbOof] golt /sd lnP/ ljBfno rnfp elgof] . g tlzIff–s/ p7fP/ ljBfno ;~rfng u/ g} elgof] .Oh/fondf h:tf] …wgLn] lt/Ù ul/anfO{ clgjfo{k9fpmÚ eGg] cyjf lrlgofFsf] h:tf] …k};f s]Gb|n]lbG5Ù ltdL c;n Joj:yfks agÚ eGg klg s'g}bnn] ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|mfG;sf]h:tf] …h] lg0f{o u5f}{ u/Ù t/ ;a}nfO{ ljBfnodfegf{ u/Ú eGg] cfF6 klg xfd|f s'g} bndf b]lvPg .of] rZdfaf6 x]bf{ ;dsfnLg /fhgLlt1x¿n] :yfgLo;/sf/nfO{ …cx|f}6]Ú / …cf+lzs ;xof]uLÚ dfq} 7fg]sf]:ki6 x'G5 .

ef]lnsf] af6f] s] <clxn];Ddsf ;/sf/x¿n] Psd'i6 cg'bfg lbP . k|ltlzIfs nufgL u/] . k|lt ljBfyL{ nufgL u/] . ;"qsfcfwf/df nufgL u/] . kl/0flt b]lvof]Ù Psd'i6 cg'bfgn]k'u]g . k|lt–lzIfs nufgLn] sfd u/]g . k|lt–ljBfyL{nufgLn] …e"tfxf ljBfyL{Ú leœofof] . ;"q] nufgLn]ljBfnosf] cf}sft x]/]g . o; l:yltdf ug]{ s] < d]/f];f]r ;xh 5 . Tof] xf]M• afnljsf; sfo{qmdb]lv ljBfno tx;Ddsf]

lzIff :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;~rfng ug]{ .• :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ lzIff s/ p7fpg] lhDdf

lbg] .

ljBfnolkR5] Go"gtd?=@%,))) nufgL ug]{ afFsL

nufgLdf ljBfyL{ ;ª\VofnfO{ cfwf/dfGg] . of] ;"qfTds nufgLd} a'l4 ylk/Xof] .

kl/0ffdtM clxn] lxdfnL k|fylds txdf k|lt–ljBfyL{?=#%), kxf8L txdf ?=#)), t/fO{sf] k|fylds txdf?=@%) nufgL ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . lgdflj / dfljdflzIfssf] tna Joxf]g]{ Joj:yf 5 . pRr dfljdf;'uddf b'O{ j6f / b'u{ddf rf/j6f lzIfssf] /sdlbg] k|rng 5 . pRr lzIffdf Psd'i6 cg'bfg lbg]a'l4 Ho"Fsf To"F 5 . o; cy{df lgDgdfWoldsb]lvpRr lzIff;Dd ;/sf/L nufgLsf] lzIff -klAnsnLkm08]8 Ph's];g_ 5 . k|fylds txdf eg] ;/sf/LlzIff -klAns Ph's];g_ 5 . To;}n] ToxfF ;/sf/n]:t/ dfkg k|0ffnL -:6\of088{ 6]l:6ª afO{ ued]{G6_nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ;Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t kf7Øqmd o;}sf]glthf xf] . sIff % sf] hfFr lng] kl/kf6L o;}sf]pbfx/0f xf] . clxn] ljBfyL{ xflh/L;Fu /sd hf]8\g];f]r a9]sf] 5 . of] klg ToxL a'l4sf] lg/Gt/tf xf] .

olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]kfndf y/Ly/Lsf nufgLk|0ffnLx¿ 5g\ . ;+:s[t lzIffdf sNof0fsf/L nufgL5 . u'7Lsf] nufgL 5– O;fO{ rr{sf] nufgL h:tf] .s/bftfsf] nufgL 5– ;/sf/L lzIff lbg] klZrdLb'lgofFsf] h:tf] . lghTj;Fu ufFl;Psf] -k|fOe]6\nL km08]8_nufgL 5 . lglZrt /sd lbg] Joj:yf 5 . pRrdfWolds ljBfnosf] nufgL oxLcGtu{t kb{5 . k"/}ljBfyL{sf] z'Nsn] rn]sf lghLh:t} :s"n klg 5g\ .

o'ufG8fdf ;a} 3/af6s/ lng] rng 5 .rfOgfdf ljBfno k9\g

k7fpg]sf] 3/df s/ lng]rng 5 . Oh/fondfwgLaf6 s/ lng] /ul/anfO{ s/d'St ug]{

ul/Psf] 5

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lz Ifs j}zfv @)^%54

ax;M z}lIfs nufgL

• Tof] s/sf] n]vfhf]vf u/L gk'u x'g cfpg] /sd;+3Lo, /fHoLo, k|fGtLo, lhNnf:t/Lo, If]qLo h]xf]nf ToxL ;/sf/n] yKg] .

• s]Gb|n] ljBfno lzIff sf]if agfpg] . Tof] sf]ifaf6:yfgLo tyf ;+3Lo, /fHoLo, k|fGtLo, lhNnfut,If]qLo ;/sf/n] C0f ;fk6L lng] kfpg] k|j4{gug]{ .

• C0f lng cfpg]n] C0f ltg]{ of]hgf;lxtsf] b/vf:tlbg] . s;} u/L klg ltg{ g;Sg] :yfgLo, ;+3Lo,/fHoLo, k|fGtLo, lhNnf jf If]qLo ;/sf/n] C0fldgfxf ul/kfpFm egL ;fj{hlgs cg'/f]w ug]{ .

• s]Gb|n] ;f]xL sf]ifaf6 ahf/sf] cfjZostf /o'jfsf] dfucg';f/ tflnd lbg] 3'DtL ;+:yfx¿ljsl;t ug]{ .

• pRr lzIffnfO{ nfut cfk"/0fsf] l;4fGtdf rnfpg'kbf{ klg ;f]xL sf]ifaf6 C0f ;fk6L lbg] .

• s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] rflxF lzIffdf cGt/ :yfgLo,lhNnfut, ;+3Lo, /fHoLo, k|fGtLo, If]qLok|ltof]lutf u/fO/xg] . o;nfO{ lgodg -/]u'n]6_ul//xg] . o;f] ubf{ lj1x¿sf] ;]jf pknAwu/fO/xg]– ltgsf] ;"rL / kl/rfng ug]{ /sdlbP/ .

• pRr lzIffsf] lhDdf lhNnf, ;+3Lo / /fHoLo,k|fGtLo jf If]qLo ;/sf/n] lng] .

s/ p7fpg] s;/L <:yfgLo lzIff s/ gp7fO{ w/} 5}g . lsgls ;/sf/L9's'6Ln] ljBfno lzIff rNg 5f]l8;Sof] . pbfx/0fxf] — /fxt lzIfssf] tna . of] tna ljb]zL C0faf6lbg yflnPsf] 5 . csf]{ ;Defjgf l;kfxL–k'ln;sf];ª\Vof 36fpg] xf] . t/ of] s'/f c;Dej eO;Sof] .Psflt/ ;/sf/ l;kfxL–k'ln;sf] ;ª\Vof a9fO/x]sf]5 eg] csf]{lt/ hg;ª\3if{ ug]{x¿ cfˆgf k'ln;–l;kfxL;/sf/L ;+oGqdf g3';fO{ afFRg} g;Sg] afWotfdf k'u]sf5g\ . of] l:yltdf :yfgLo lzIff–s/ cr's ljsNk xf] .

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ljBfyL{, lzIfs, ;DefJo ljBfyL{ / s/bftf cflb;a}sf] cBfjlws tYofÍ x'g'k5{ . /sdsf] kf/blz{tfcsf]{ kIf xf] . ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f k/LlIft cf}iflwxf]– afx|ufpFn]sf] hftLo n]vfk/LIf0f h:tf] .

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lgrf]8 s] t <d]/f] lgrf]8 xf]— s]Gb|Ls/0f ug]{ xf] eg] :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{s]Gb|sf] z}lIfs clVtof/L lbcfF} . ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug]{ xf]eg] ufpF÷gu/kflnsfnfO{ k"/} kTofpg] ;f]r leœofcf}F .cw{–ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug]{ xf] eg] ufpF÷gu/kflnsfn]PsltxfO{, lhNnf, If]q, k|fGt, /fHo, ;+3 cflbn] PsltxfO{/ s]Gb|n] PsltxfO{ /sd Joxf]g]{ gLlt lncf}F . ;+3Lo;/sf/n] g} vlr{g] xf] eg] %) k|ltzt :yfgLo ;/sf/n]Joxf]g]{ gLlt agfpFm . h] u/] klg h;f] u/] klg ljBfnolzIff :yfgLo ;/sf/s} lhDdf lbpmF– c:yfoL lzIfsegf{sf] lhDdf, ;?jfsf] lhDdf, cBfjlws ug]{ lhDdf,tflnd lbg] lhDdf cflb ;a} . t/ k]G;g / pkbfgsf]lhDdf ;+3, lhNnf, If]q, /fHo, k|fGtsf ;/sf/n]lncf}F . k|ltof]uL÷k|lt:kwL{ ;+:sf/ agfpg] sfd eg]s]Gb|n] u/f}F . Joj:yfkg ;ldlt agfpg], ;Nnfxsf/;ldlt agfpg], z}lIfs of]hgf agfpg] h:tf s'/f klgufpF÷gu/kflnsfnfO{ g} lbcf}F . sd{rf/LtGqaf6 rn]sf]/ /fhgLlt1x¿n] 7Kkf nufpFb} cfPsf] clxn]sf] z}lIfs;f]r k"/} abnfF} .


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alnof] kfg]{ k|of;sf afws dfGby] . To;} klg ca{klt8f;L{ -/ kl5 PËnf]–O/flgog sDkgL_ n] kfPsf] t]nvGg] 5'6n] ;fj{ef}d;Qf sdhf]/ kf/]sf] wf/0ff O/fgdfJofKt lyof] . To; sDkgLn] kfPsf] 5'6 PstkmL{lg0f{o u/L /]hf vfgn] s6fOlbP . of] lg0f{o a]nfot;/sf/sf] nflu nnsf/ g} lyof] . lsgeg] ;g\ !(!$d} rlr{nn] a]nfotsf] ;}lgs ;'/IffnfO{ kl;{ofsf] t]n;Fuhf]8]sf lyP . !(## df O/fg / a]nfotaLr t]nsf]/f]oN6L a9fpg, t]n pBf]udf O/fgsf] xs j[l4 ug]{h:tf zt{ /fvL gofF ;D‰f}tf ul/of] . t/ b'O{ b]zsf];DaGw ;'w|]g . bf];|f] ljZjo'4 z'? ePkl5 /]hf vfgkxnjLn] gfhLx¿k|lt ;xfg'e"lt b]vfpg yfn] . klZrdfu7faGwg /fi6«x¿nfO{ of] kfRo lyPg . hd{gLn] O/fgLt]n sAhf ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /f]Sg pgLx¿n] /]hfvfg kxnjLnfO{ ;QfRo't u/L pgsf 5f]/f df]xdbkxnjLnfO{ O/fgsf] gofF /fhf agfP .

!($( df b'O{ b]zn] !(## df u/]sf] ;D‰f}tfk'gd"{NofÍg eof] . t/ lj/f]w x'g] 8/n] ;f] ;D‰f}tfPs jif{;Dd O/fgL ;+;b\ -dhln;_ df k]z ePg .;+;b\sf] t]n ;ldltn] k|:tfljt Joj:yfsf] rsf]{ lj/f]wu¥of] / t]n sDkgL /fli6«os/0f ug]{ dfu cl3 a9fof] .kl/jlt{t 36gf qmddf a]nfotk|lt ;xfg'e"lt /fVg]Ps g]tf dfl/P / s]xL ;dokl5 tTsfnLg O/fgLk|wfgdGqLn] /flhgfdf lbP . tTkZrft\ df]xdb kxnjLn];]gfsf d'Vo hg/n cln /fhdf/fnfO{ gofF k|wfgdGqLlgo'lQm u/] . t]n sDkgLk|lt lj/f]w a9\b} uPsf] ;Gbe{dfgofF k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;b\df /fli6«os/0f ug]{ k|:tfjsf]lj/f]wdf efif0f u/] . To;sf] rf/ lbgkl5 g} pgLdfl/P . 8]9 xKtfkl5 csf{ dGqL klg dfl/P . o;}36gf qmddf ;+;bLo t]n ;ldltsf] cWoIf df]xdbdf];fb]u O/fgsf k|wfgdGqL eP . /fli6«os/0fsf] kIfw/df];fb]usf] ;/sf/n] PËnf]–O/flgog t]n sDkgL/fli6«os/0f u¥of] .

of] lg0f{o /fhgLlts ¿kdf kfRo t eof] t/O/fgsf] cfDbfgL eg] ;'Sof] . /fli6«os/0f cl3 t]nsf]lgof{t O/fgsf] ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g ug]{ d'Vo ;|f]tlyof] . kmn:j¿k cy{Joj:yf nyflnË eof], dxFuLa9Øf] . O/fg ;f]leot o'lgogsf] k|efjdf hfg] vt/f7fg]/ df];fb]unfO{ x6fpg] if8oGqdf a]nfot / cd]l/sfnfu] . if8\oGqsf] e08fkmf]/ ePsf] x'Fbf cfˆgf lj/f]wLnfO{;dfTg df];fb]u ;kmn eP . pgsf ;dy{sn] /fhwfgL

t]x/fgdf ljt08f dRrfP, kxnjLsf afa'sf] d"lt{tf]8kmf]8 ul/of] . zfx df]xdb kxnjL efu]/ aubfbk'u] / To;kl5 /f]d . t/ l56} t]x/fgdf l:yltablnof] . zfx ;dy{s alnof eP, ;}lgsn] klgpgs} ;dy{g u¥of] . df];fb]u x6fOP . efu]sf zfxkm]l/ ;Qf ;DxfNg t]x/fg kmls{P . kxnjLn] !(&(;Dd O/fgsf] zf;g u/] / pgL To;} jif{ cof]tf]Nnfxvf]d]gLåf/f lgjf{;gdf k7fOP . t]nn] NofPsf] ;d[l4sf]cf8df kxnjLn] ljZjsf g]tfx¿nfO{ lgs} lr9fPsflyP . kxnjLsf] sf]xL klg z'e]R5' /x]gg\ . t]n vf]Hgz'? u/]b]lv zfxsf] lgjf{;g;Ddsf bzsx¿df t]n/ /fhgLlt O/fgdf h]lnP/ /x] .

;fpbL c/]laofsf] pbo!(#@ df ax/]gdf klxnf]kN6 t]n e]l6of] . c/aLx¿n]…t]nsf lktfÚ sf] ;+1f lbPsf a]nfotsf k|mfGs xf]dt]n kQf nufpg ;lqmo lyP . ax/]g 6fk'eGbf @)dfOn 6f9f /x]sf] ;fpbL c/]laog k|foåLk p:t} ef}uf]lns/ e"ue{ agfj6sf] eP tfklg ToxfF t]n kQf nfu]sf]lyPg . x]hfh / g]Hb If]q hf]8]/ ;g\ !(#@ df;fpbL c/]laof ag]sf] xf] . ljg ;fpb ToxfFsf /fhflyP t/ pgLl;t b]z rnfpg cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]tlyPg . !(#) df z'? ePsf] ljZjJofkL dGbLn]dSsfdf xh ug{ cfpg] ltyf{n'x¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36]sf]x'gfn] klg ;fpbL c/]laofsf] /fh:j 36Øf] . cfly{s;d:of a9\g yfn]sf] x'Fbf /fhf ljg ;fpb cfly{s;|f]t h'6fpg] pkfo vf]Hg nfu] .

!(## sf] d] dlxgfdf ;f]sfn eGg] cd]l/sLsDkgL / ;fpbL c/]laofaLr t]n pTvggsf nflu;D‰f}tf eof] . ;D‰f}tfcg';f/ ;f]sfnn] ;fpbLc/]laofnfO{ tL; xhf/ kfpG8 a/fa/ ;'g C0f /kfFr xhf/ kfpG8sf] klxnf] ls:tf e'QmfgL lbof] .t]n pTvggkl5 Psnfv kfpG8sf] csf]{ ls:tf lbg]k|fjwfg /flvof] . ^) jif{sf nflu ul/Psf] ;D‰f}tfn];fpbL c/]laofsf] tLg nfv ^) xhf/ ju{ dfOnIf]qkmn cf]u6]sf] lyof] . ;D‰f}tf u/fpg] ndL HofslkmNjL gfd u/]sf a]nfotL lyP / ;fpbL /fhfsf]tkm{af6 cAab'Nnf ;'n]dfg . lkmNjLnfO{ ;f]sfnn] ^dlxgfsf] nflu dlxgfsf] ! xhf/ 8n/, ;D‰f}tfkl5af]g; / t]n kQf nfu]kl5 yk af]g; lbg] Joj:yfu¥of] .

;fpbL c/asf] l5d]s s'j]tdf t]n pTvggsf];Gbe{ leGg} 5 . c/asf lkm/Gt] ;d'bfox¿n] ;g\!&%^ df cn ;jfx kl/jf/sf ;]vnfO{ cfˆgf] zf;sagfP . 6sL{sf] cf]6f]dfg ;fd|fHocGtu{t /x] klgs'j]tn] 6sL{sf] k|e'Tj dfg]sf] lyPg . !(#) sf]bzslt/ c/a vf8L lsgf/fdf /x]sf cGo b]zx¿h:t}s'j]t klg lgs} cK7Øf/f] cfly{s l:yltdf lyof] .s'j]tsf] d'Vo cfly{s ;|f]t lyof], k|fs[lts df]tLsf]Jofkf/ . t/ sf]lsrL ldlsdf]tf] eGg] g'8n agfpg]hfkfgL Jofkf/Ln] !(#) lt/ s[lqd df]tL pTkfbgug{ yfn]kl5 ljZj xL/f–hjfx/ft ahf/df k|fs[lts


df]tLsf] dfu w/f;foL eof] . df]tL lgof{taf6x'g] s'j]tsf] cfDbfgL ;'Sof], Jofkf/Lx¿ 8'a] /df]tL vf]Hg] uf]tfvf]/x¿ ;a} km]l/ d?e"ldlt/nfu] .

aL;f}F ztfAbLsf] z'?d} t]n–sDkgLx¿ s'j]tdfcfˆgf] k|efj sfod ug]{ / cld/;Fu t]n pTvggug]{ 5'6 lng] k|of;df lyP . t]n pTvgg ug]{sfd Pª\nf]–kl;{og / uNkm t]n gfds sDkgLn]kfP . km]a'|c/L !(#* df s'j]tsf] j/ufg If]qdft]nsf] 7"nf] e08f/ e]l6of] .

/ftf] nfOgklxnf] ljZjo'4 z'? x'g]tfsf cf]6f]dfg ;fd|fHow/f;foL eO;s]sf] lyof] . oxL ;fd|fHocGtu{tsfs]xL k|fGtx¿ ldn]/ O/fssf] lgdf{0f eof] . O/fssf]t]ndf sAhf hdfpg a]nfot, k|mfG; / hd{gLsfsDkgLx¿ nfu]sf lyP . To;} ;do 6ls{;k]6«f]lnod sDkgL klg Jofkf/–d}bfgdf cfof] .of] sDkgLsf] !% k|ltzt ;]o/ cfd]{lgofdfhlGdPsf Sofn':6] u'Nj]lGsofg gfd u/]sfJofkf/Lsf] cwLgdf lyof] . k|mfG; / a]nfotdflzIff kfPsf u'Nj]lGsofg Jofkf/df dflx/ lyP .kfP;Dd l:yltnfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg], g;s]c/aL pvfgcg';f/— …xft 6f]Sg g;lsg] eP,DjfOF vfg]Ú eGg] pgsf] l;4fGt lyof] .

t/, O/fsdf /fhgLlts :yfloTj lyPg, h'gcf}klgj]lzs a]nfotnfO{ b'O{ sf/0fn] cfjZoseof] . klxnf], t]n pTvgg ug{ / bf];|f], :j]hgx/eP/ ef/t, l;Ëfk'/ / c:6«]lnof hfg] ;d'b|Laf6f]sf] ;'/Iff ug{ . b'j} p2]Zo kl/k"lt{ ug{ a]nfotnfO{O/fsdf cfkm"k|lt ;xfg'e"lt /fVg] zf;s rflxPsf]lyof] . eof] klg To:t} . a]nfotsf] ;xof]udf km}hnklxnf O/fssf] /fhf agfOP / pgsf efO cAb'Nnf hf]8{gsf .km}hn To;cl3 l;l/ofsf /fhf lyP . klxnf] ljZjo'4–kl5sf] ljZjJofkL tfnd]ncGtu{t l;l/of k|mfG;sf]cwLgdf x'g] ePkl5 pgL ;Qfaf6 x6fOPsf lyP .

!(@& sf] cS6f]a/ dlxgfdf O/fssf] afaf u'/u'/eGg] :yfgdf t]nsf] e08f/ kQf nfUof] . t/, 8r;]n,Pª\nf]–kl;{og, k|mfG;]nL, k"j{ ljsf; sDkgL -cd]l/sL_/ 6ls{; t]n sDkgLaLr kmfObf s;/L afF8kmfF8 ug]{eGg] ljifo 6'Ëf] nfu]g . !(@* df nG8gdf ePsf];D‰f}tfdf plNnlvt bfa]bf/x¿n] qmdz !#=&% k|ltzt/ u'Nj]lGsofgn] % k|ltzt kmfObf kfpg] k|fjwfg/flvof] . ;D‰f}tfdf ;xefuLx¿n] Ps–csf{sf] ;xdltdfdfq} t]n l‰Sg kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . clGtda}7sdf u'Nj]lGsofgn] dWok"j{sf] 7"nf] gS;f dufP /df]6f] /ftf] l;;fsndn] k'/fgf] cf]6f]dfg ;fd|fHosf]l;dfgf sf]/] . /ftf] nfOgleq s'j]t / kl;{of -O/fg_ afx]s dWok"j{sf ;a} t]n pTkfbg ug]{ If]qx¿kfl/P . o; ;D‰f}tfn] dWok"j{df t]n ljsf; ug]{bfo/f ls6fg u¥of], h;df ljb]zL sDkgL xfjL /x] .

;g\ !(^@ df km}hn k|ydsf 5f]/f km}hn bf];|f]nfO{;tfRo't u/L ;]gfsf] ;d"xn] O/fsnfO{ u0ftGq 3f]liftu¥of] . !(&) df O/fssf] zf;g afy kf6L{sf] xftdfuof] / ;2fd x';]g /fi6«klt ag] . ;g\ @))# dfcd]l/sf / a]nfotL kmf}hsf] cfqmd0faf6 ;2fd x';]g;QfRo't ul/P . t/ To;kl5 /fhgLlts cl:y/tf /lx+;fsf] kof{ojfrL ag]sf] 5 O/fs .

bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 ;f]leot ;+3 klg ;zQm ¿kdft]n Jofkf/df cfOk'Uof] . ztfAbLsf] z'?d} ch/j}hfgdft]nsf] pTvgg / Jofkf/ z'? ePsf] xf] . !(%% b]lv!(^) ;Dd k"j{ ;f]leot ;+3n] cfˆgf] pTkfbg bf]Aa/

u'Nj]lGsofgn] dWok"j{sf] 7"nf] gS;f dufP / df]6f] /ftf] l;;fsndn]k'/fgf] cf]6f]dfg ;fd|fHosf] l;dfgf sf]/] . /ftf] nfOgleqs'j]t / kl;{of afx]s dWok"j{sf ;a} t]n pTkfbg ug]{If]qx¿ kfl/P . of] ;D‰f}tfkl5 dWok"j{sf] t]ndf klZrdfsDkgLx¿sf] cflwkTo c? ahh"t eof] .

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kf/L t]n klZrdL ahf/df a]Rg z'?u¥of] . cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] eg] of]cfudgnfO{ ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lnPg .;f]leot t]n lj:yflkt ug{ cd]l/sfnfUof] / o;f] ug]{ Pp6f /0fgLltlyof]— d"No sd ug'{ . ;g\ !(%(df la|l6; k]6«f]lnod n] t]nsf] d"No36fof] . Tof] Jojxf/sf sf/0fsDkgLx¿ / t]n ePsf b]zx¿aLrj}dg:o z'? eof] . To;} jif{ udfncAb'n gfl;/ ;Qfdf k'u]sf] pknIodfOlhK6sf] /fhwfgL sfo/f]df c/a t]nsfª\u| ];sf ] cfof ]hgf x' Fb } lyof ] .sfª\u|];n] t]n;DaGwL ;/;Nnfx ug{Pp6f ;ldlt agfpg] k|:tfj u¥of] .O/fsafx]s dWok"j{sf ;a} b]z tyfd]lS;sf] / e]g]h'onf ;ldltdf ;xefuLlyP . /fli6«o t]n sDkgL vf]Ng], t]na]Rg] b/ kl/eflift ug]{, cfGtl/sk|zf]wg Ifdtf a9fpg] / ljt/0f k|0ffnLPsLs[t u/L /fli6«o ;|f]t a9fpg] cjwf/0ff k|:tfjul/P . …cf]k]sÚ z'? x'g] af6f] v'Nof] .

…cf]k]sÚsf] hGdt]n lgof{ts /fi6«x¿sf] ;Ë7g cyf{t\ …cf]k]sÚ lsghlGdof] eGg] a'́ g eg] blIf0f cd]l/sL b]z e]g]h'onfk'Ug' h?/L x'G5 . ToxfF !($* df ;}lgs ljb|f]xaf6x6fOPsf] k|hftflGqs ;/sf/ !(%* df km]l/ ;QfdfkmSof]{ . k'/fgf] ;/sf/sf dGqL k]/]h cnkmf]G;f] vfgL/ xfO8«f]sfj{g dGqL kbsf] lhDdf lng /fhwfgLsf/fsf; k'u] . pgL t]naf6 ;/sf/nfO{ cfpg] ef8fa9fpg, t]n pTkfbg / ahf/sf] lhDdf cGt/f{li6«osDkgLaf6 ;/sf/df nfg rfxGy] . t]n pTkfbg ug]{dWok"j{sf b]zl;t e]g]h'onfsf] efOrf/fsf] ;DaGweP klg tL b]z cfˆgf k|ltåGåL x'g\ eGg] k]/]hn]a'‰]sf lyP . e]g]h'onfsf] t'ngfdf dWok"j{sf] t]n;:tf] lyof] . t/ k]/]hsf] ts{ lyof]— ;:tf]df t]na]Rg' plrt xf]Og . t]n pTkfbgsf] bf}8df lhTg g;Sg]x'gfn] cfˆgf] ahf/ sfod /fVg dWok"j{sf t]nsDkgLx¿nfO{ s/ nufpg], t]nsf] d"No a9fpg] /pTkfbgstf{x¿n] t]n a]Rg kfpg] sf]6f lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ts{ e]g]h'onfn] cl3 ;f¥of] .

/fi6«klt cfOhgxfj/sf] ;/sf/n]cd]l/sL sDkgLnfO{ ;+/If0f lbg t]na]Rg] sf]6f tf]s]sf sf/0f e]g]h'onfnfO{gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] lyof] lsgeg]To;n] pTkfbg u/]sf] t]nsf] $) k|ltztcd ] l/sfdf vkt x ' G Yo f ] . t/:yndfu{af6 cd]l/sf lelqg] t]ndf eg]sf]6f tf]lsPg . cfˆgf b'O{ l5d]sLx¿d]lS;sf] / Sofgf8fnfO{ v';L kfg{ul/Psf] egL of] Joj:yfsf] e]g]h'onfn]lj/f]w u¥of] . e]g]h'onfsf dGqL k]/]hklZrdL uf]nf4{sf pTkfbgstf{x¿n]t]n;DaGwL cfˆg} Joj:yf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{

k|:tfj lnP/ jfl;ª\6g k'u] . o:tf]Joj:yf lghL sDkgL geO{;/sf/n] rnfpg] ts{ ub}{ k]/]hn]cd]l/sfn] t]n sf]6f tf]Sg'kg]{k|:tfj klg cl3 ;f/] . t/cd] l/sL ;/sf/n ] k ]/ ]hsf ]k|:tfjk|lt rf;f] g} b]vfPg .

cd]l/sfdf cfˆgf] ts{ g;'lgPkl5 k]/]h sfo/f]lt/nfu] / !(^) lt/ cf]k]ssf] uef{wfg eof] . ;g\!(^& sf] c/a– Oh/fOnL n8fOF, !(&# sf] of]dlsDk'/df OlhK6 / l;l/ofsf] Oh/fonl;tsf] n8fOFsf]bf}/fg …cf]k]sÚn] t]nnfO{ /fd|};Fu /fhgLlts xltof/sf]¿kdf k|of]u u¥of] .

t]n / eljiob k|fOh k':tssf n]vs olu{g n]Vb5g\, æ8]9 ;ojif{sf] t]nsf] Oltxf;n] dfgj ;Eotfsf] ;sf/fTds/ gsf/fTds b'j} kIfx¿ phfu/ u5{ . of] Oltxf;ljhosf] pNnf;sf ;fy} b'MvfGt / gul/g'kg]{ uNtLsf]Joyf klg xf] .Æ l;h{gf, ;dk{0f, pBdzLntf, :ki6tf/ gjLg k|fljlws k4ltsf] ;fy;fy} e|i6frf/, cGwf]/fhgLlts cfsfª\Iff, nf]e / w'Gw'sf/L an k|of]ut]nsf] Oltxf;df Ps} ;fy /x] . t]nn] s[lif pTkfbga9fpg / oftfoft ;'wfg{ ;xof]u u¥of] t/ alnofn]/fhgLlts / cfly{s lgoGq0f /fVg] kl/kf6L ‰g\alnof] kf¥of] . !! ;]K6]Da/, @))! df cd]l/sfdfu l/Psf ] c fq md0 fk l5 cd ] l /s L cu 'j fO { d fckmuflg:tfgaf6 tflnjfgsf] zf;g x6fOof], clg @))#dfr{df O/fsdf cfqmd0f u/L ToxfFsf zf;s ;2fdx';]gnfO{ ;QfRo't ul/of] . oL ;a} 36gfqmdsf];]/f]km]/f]df vlgh t]n g} /x]sf] kfOG5 .

vlgh t]nsf] ;Gbe{ p7\bf blIf0f Pl;of ;LdfGt¿kdf dfq e]l6G5 . g]kfn t sxLF klg e]l6Fb}g,e]l6g] s'/f] klg ePg . lsgls g]kfnL e"–efudfvlgh t]nsf] e08f/ e]l6Psf] 5}g . cGt/f{li6«o ahf/dflsg]/ t]n k|of]u ug]{ k'5f/sf k|of]ustf{ x'g\ g]kfnLx¿ .b]zn] cfh{g ug]{ clwsf+z ljb]zL d'b|f g]kfnn] t]ncfoftdf vr{ u5{, h'g t]n d"ntM sf7df8f}Fdf uf8L

!(^& sf] c/a– Oh/fOnL n8fOF, !(&# sf] of]d lsDk'/dfOlhK6 / l;l/ofsf] Oh/fonl;tsf] n8fOFsf] bf}/fg …cf]k]sÚn]t]nnfO{ /fd|};Fu /fhgLlts xltof/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u u¥of] .

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o; 8s'd]G6«Ldf hlt k'/fgf] g]kfn c¿ s'g} klglkmNddf e]6\g ;lsFb}g . @))& ;fnkl5 g]kfnsfaf/]df c¿ klg 8s'd]G6«L ag]sf lyP elgG5 . t/ tLg]kfndf pknAw 5}gg\ . To;}n] k'/fgf] g]kfnnfO{ b[Zodfx]g{] xf] eg] To;sf nflu plxn]sf] g]kfn x]g{} k5{ .

of] lkmNddfkm{t ljBfyL{nfO{ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;, e"uf]n,;+:s[lt / ;dfhsf] ultzLntfaf/] ;fy{s Pj+ ;l6s1fg lbg ;lsG5 . xfugn] n]v]sf] g]kfnsf] lrgf/Lk':ts klxn]b]lv g} pknAw 5 .

lkmNdM plxn]sf] g]kfn;doM $& ldg]6

efiffM g]kfnL-cª\u|]hLdf 6f]gL xfuG;\ g]kfn_lgb{]zsM 6f]gL xfug\

lgdf{tfM 6f]gL xfug kmfpG8]zg\, ;g\ @))%kmDof{6M 8LeL8L÷eLPrP;

kfOg] 7fpFM lxdfn P;f]l;P;gnlntk'/

b]vfpg] lkmNdg]kfn

agr/fsf7sf t:s/x¿ ck/fwL x'g\, hf] sf7 rf]g]{ ck/fw u5{g\ . pgLx¿ ¿v sf6\5g\/ o;f] u/]/ hª\un df:g] sfd ub{5g\ . hª\un dfl;of] eg] hLjhGt' dfl;G5g\ .

k|fs[lts jftfj/0f vNalnG5 . clg dfgj;Eotfsf] hu xlNnG5 . To;}n] hGdeof] agr/fsf], hf] PSnf] kx/]bf/ aGof] hª\unsf] . g]kfnL efiffdf …sldS;Ú

z}nLsf] klxnf] afnk':ts xf] …agr/fÚ .

d"No ?= #)÷–

d"No ?= $%÷–

d"No ?= #%÷–

d"No ?= ()÷–

afn ;+;f/sf s]xL k|sfzgx¿

dfzfsf] lk/fxf tlsof;fgL s]6L dfzfnfO{ cfˆgf] Gofgf] / g/d cf]5Øfg dg k/]g . w]/} dflg;nfO{cfk"ml;t ePsf] s'/f dg kb}{g . cfˆgf] rLh g/fd|f] nfU5 . t/ g/fd|f] 7fg]/cfˆgf] rLhnfO{ ldNsfpFb}df gePsf] s'/f kfOFb}g . cfk"ml;t ePsf] rLh kf]cfˆgf] xf] . To;}n] dflg;n] cfˆgf] rLhsf] u'g lrGg ;Sg'k5{ . dfzfn] klg

cflv/df cfˆgf] cf]5Øfgsf] u'g yfxf kfO{ . p;sf] h:tf] Gofgf] / g/dcf]5Øfg c¿sf] sxfF x'g' Û

¿;L dxfjL/x¿sf] syfk|frLg ¿;L /fHox¿ sLe / gf]euf]/f]bl;t;DalGwt oL nf]sufyfx¿df ¿;L dxfjL/x¿sf]k/fqmd Pj+ jL/tfsf] avfg kfOG5 . v'Fvf/8fFs" dfgjeIfL b}To / p8\g] zlQm ePsf] tLg6fps] clhª\u/x¿nfO{ k/f:tu/L ltgsf] cTofrf/af6 ¿;L hgtfnfO{ d'lQm lbg] ONof d'/f]d]T;, bf]a|LGoflgsLltr / cfNof]zf kf]kf]lerh:tf gfosx¿sf] kf}/v syf /dfOnf /k|]/0ffbfoL 5g\ .

gLnf 8lNkmgx¿sf] 6fk'k|zfGt dxf;fu/df cjl:yt 7"nf] df5fh:tf] cfsf/sf] Pp6f 6fk'df s'g} ;docflbjf;L OlG8ogx¿ a:y] . ;g\ !*#% df ToxfFsf k"/} afl;Gbf hxfh r9]/ cGoqa;fOF ;bf{ Pp6L lszf]/LrflxF 6fk'df cnkq 5fl8g uO{ . To;/L 5fl8PsL Tof] s]6Lc7f/ jif{;Dd To; lgh{g 6fk'df cg]s b'Mv / si6 ‰]Nb} PSn} a:g afWo eO{ .…gLnf 8lNkmgx¿sf] 6fk'Ú s/fgf gfdsL To; s]6Ln] lhpFbf] /xgsf nflu u/]sf]cb\e't ;ª\3if{sf] dd{:kzL{ syf xf] .

d"No ?= ^%÷–

afn ;+;f/lxdfn P;f]l;P;g

kf6g9f]sf, nlntk'/kmf]g g+= %%$@%$$÷@!@)#@!

hxfhL l;Gbafb…hxfhL l;Gbafbsf] syfÚ ljZjk|l;4 syf z[ª\vnf …c/asf /ftx¿Ú s} Pp6f s8Lxf] . l;Gbafbsf syfx¿n] ljZj;flxTodf Pp6f 5'§} / ljlzi6 :yfg cf]u6]sf 5g\ .;ft–;ft k6ssf] ;d'b|L ofqfsf] l;nl;nfdf l;Gbafbn] ef]Ug'k/]sf cgf}7f / lj:dosf/L36gfqmdsf aofg k9\bf s] jo:s / s] afns ;a}n] /f]dfGr /sf}t'xnsf ;fy} cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ub{5g\ .

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