Situacion del cultivo y de yla industria de cebada en

Brasil

Euclydes Minellay

Engº Agr, Ph.D. Barley breeding at Embrapa Trigo

Barley in Brazil

• Early days

• 1920 Breeding activities

– 1930 Production

• Use malt for brewing

Barley in BrazilBarley in BrazilRecent days (2013)

• The Barley IndustryIndustry

– Beer production: 1.2 mil. hectoliters

M l i 1 2 il– Malt consumption: 1.2 mil. t

– Malt production: 0.5 mil. t (45%)

– Barley production: 0.3 mil. t (45%)

Regiões para trigo no Brasil

RHACT – Base clima

Challenges ...

• Limiting factors

• Soil : acidity Al3+ toxicity nutrientSoil : acidity, Al toxicity, nutrientdeficiency (P, K, Mg, CA, etc), low OM

• Climate : water excess/deficiencyHeat stress, frost

• Diseases: PHB, MHB, SB, NB, PM

WeatherWeather data (Passo Fundo)data (Passo Fundo)

300,0

350,0

Índi

Precipitação normal Precipitação 2007

100 0

150,0

200,0

250,0

ice Pulviométrico (

0,0

50,0

100,0

JAN FEV MAR ABR MAI JUN JUL AGO SET OUT NOV DEZ

(mm

)

21,0

24,0

27,0

30,0

°C)

Temp. média Normal Temp. média 2007

250,0

300,0

350,0

hora

s)

Luminosidade Normal Luminosidade 2007

0 0

3,0

6,0

9,0

12,0

15,0

18,0

Tem

pera

tura

(

0,0

50,0

100,0

150,0

200,0

Lum

inos

idad

e (h

0,0JAN FEV MAR ABR MAI JUN JUL AGO SET OUT NOV DEZ

JAN FEV MAR ABR MAI JUN JUL AGO SET OUT NOV DEZ

Dano de Geada

Chuva na colheita - germinação na espiga

Brusone

DoençasDoenças

Evolution of the malting capacity

Year CapacityMt

Localization

1972 40,000 RS, SP

1990 240,000RS, PR, SP

RS PR SP

2000 325,000

RS, PR, SP

RS, PR, SP

2010 445,000

2013 525,000

RS, PR, SP20151 600,000

Evolution of barley prodoction in Brazil

YearAcreage Production Yield Embrapa

Ha Mt Kg ha-1 % 220012001 135,640 274,888 2,027 60.02002 145,156 224,403 1,546 51.02003 136,971 381,220 2,783 63.02004 146 803 395 277 2 692 73 02004 146,803 395,277 2,692 73.02005 127,961 282,245 2,207 72.72006 90,661 250,291 2,761 57.62007 101 414 187 165 1 846 67 12007 101,414 187,165 1,846 67.12008 65,285 194,263 2,976 65.32009 71,920 192,518 2,673 71.52010 80 172 258 451 3 220 67 02010 80,172 258,451 3,220 67.02011 93,900 316,910 3,376 72,02012 110,600 254,600 2,302 80,0Average 108 870 267 686 2 534 76 0Average 108,870 267,686 2,534 76,02013 82,000 250,000 3,000 80,0

⎫ PRODUCTION DESTINATION

% Reject % MCYear Malt Seed

2000 55 7 38 472001 86 8 6 662001 86 8 6 662002 37 8 55 232003 85 9 6 902004 88 8 4 972005 58 5 37 452006 86 7 7 602006 86 7 7 602007 75 7 18 632008 82 11 7 462009 70 6 24 342010 85 6 9 462011 90 6 4 462012

Average 75 7 18 55

Barley researchBarley research• Imported germplasm• Hibridization: 1950’s• Selection in acid soil areas: 1960’s• Private breeding• Public breeding:1976 (Embrapa)

contributions– contributions» Yield increase: 2-3 x» Soil improvement: liming, NTPS» Improved disease and lodging resistance,» Improved malting quality» Reduced stress tolerance

Evolution of Malting Barley in BrazilEvolution of Malting Barley in Brazil

Acreage Production Yield %

Mean (ha) (t) (kg ha-1) Rel.

1970’s 42,962 50,018 1,124 1001980’s 102,947 146,884 1,459 1301990’s 93,812 197,230 2,036 1812000’s 138 425 311 233 2 250 2002000 s 138,425 311,233 2,250 200Last decade 130,638 301,851 2,530 207

Malting barley research in Brazil

- Results-advances

Trait 1970’s 2000’s 00/70

Yield (kg ha-1) 1,124 2,530 207% plump kernel 65.0 90.0 + 15.0% grain protein 12 5 9 5 4 0% grain protein 12.5 9.5 - 4.0% malt extract 79.0 82.5 + 3.5

Cultivar BR 2Participação lavoura

89 90 90 84100

455560

80

paçã

o

3445

3121

20

40

% P

artic

i

0,5 5 50

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

%

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

SAFRA

Irrigated production

BRS Elis BRS Cauê

BRS Elis

Perspective/challenges ...Perspective/challenges ...

• Diseases: PHB MHB SB• Diseases: PHB, MHB, SB• Lodging, PHSg g,• Heat/water deficiency stress• Malting quality• Barley for feed and food• Barley for feed and food

Barley in BrazilBarley in BrazilFuture ... ...– Beer production: increasingBeer production: increasing

– Malt consumption: increasing

– Malt production: increasing

– Barley consumptiom: increasing, also for feed&food

– Barley production: ???????

Th k !Thank you !

!!

Muchas gracias!

Obrigado!Obrigado!

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