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TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY

Sivuvirroista ja hukasta arvoa – esimerkkejä ja uusia

mahdollisuuksia

Hukkaresurssit hyötykäyttöön – työpaja

Inka Orko, VTT

23.3.2017

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228.3.2017 2

VTT approach to circular economy

Recycled textile concepts

WEEE scrap to metals and energy

Plastics reprocessing and reuse

Construction waste valorisaton

Mineral and biomaterial residues valorisation

System level studies, foresight and sustainability

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328.3.2017 3

Jarosite: valorizing metals and remediating waste

• VTT has IP and a process concept for the recovery of silver, gold and lead from the

jarosite waste (KI015165); Aalto has IP (based on IPID1748) and a concept in the

recovery of the critical metals In and Ga

• Method and process based on hydrometallurgical separations and recycling of sulfuric

acid and zinc back to the zinc plant; also, recovery of As and heavy metals

• POC: recovery of Zn in lab test > 99 %, Fe 93-94 %; Pb, Ag-recoveries in flotation 97 and

95 %, respectively

Happokäsittely

Lyijy-hopea-

rikaste

pH-saostus

In-Ga-Ge

rikaste

Sulfidisaostus Fe-rikaste

Sinkin ja

arseenin erotus

Happo/Emäskierto

Raaka-aine

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428.3.2017 4

Resource container: non-biological resource

recovery unit based on waste hierarchy principals

1. Advanced physical filtration/separation unit. Chemical/physical advanced filtration using high speed cross-flow and novel anti-fouling membranes

2. Selective nutrient/resource removal. Evaporative, chemical and electro chemistry based technologies; N, P, C as pure products

3. Water polishing. Disinfection and filtration to drinking water/irrigation quality

4. Sludge carbonization/chemical routes to products. Thermal and other conversions to fuel, chemicals, activated carbon, carbon black, and/or soil amendment

Wastewater Filtration unit

Carboncapture unit

P Capture

N Capture

Me Capture

Water

polishing

unit

Drinking/

irrigationwater

Biochar

P Product

N Product

Me Product

End products

Biomass (optional)

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VTT Relooping fashion: new fibre from waste cotton

: http://reloopingfashion.org/

Design and

manufacture

13 kg of textiles per person (70Mkg) thrownaway in Finland every year …

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Fiber recycling: from cardboard to clothes

Removal of impurities

-inorganic material

-lignin

-hemicelluloses

Modification of dissolving

pulp

-DP control

-activation

Dissolving

-cellulose carbamateprocess

- BioCelSolprocess

- Ioncel-F process

Spinning

- Wet spinning

or

- Dry-jet wet spinning

Recycled cardboard

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BioFertilizer - prosessi hyödyntää (kanan)lannan

energiaksi ja ravinteiksi = Rahaksi !

� Tarvittaessa lanta kuivataan ja typpi (ammoniakki) otetaan talteen

� Kuivattu lanta kaasutetaan polttoon verrattuna ”miedoissa”

olosuhteissa, jolloin voidaan hyödyntää sekä orgaanisen aineksen

energiasisältö, fosfori sekä typpi (ammoniakkina) lannoitteeksi

� Todennäköisesti tuotettava polttokaasu niin puhdasta, ettei sen polttoon

tarvitse soveltaa jätteenpolton määräyksiä

� Perusajatus: lannan kuivaus ja kaasutus hajautetusti; vain fosfori ja

ammoniakki kuljetetaan keskitettyyn suurempaan laitokseen, jossa

valmistetaan räätälöity lannoite

� Lähes kaikki prosessiketjun vaiheista ns. kypsää teknologiaa eli

toimivuus jo todennettu kaupallisissa laitoksissa => Bio-Fertilizer on

toimiva prosessi, jossa prosessin osat järjestetty uuteen järjestykseen

lannan käsittelyn vaativalla tavalla

Ota yhteyttä: Matti Nieminen, matti.nieminen@vtt.fi ; puh. 040 5442262

LUOTTAMUKSELLINEN

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828.3.2017 8

Chemicals for

various business

sectors

Pigments

Additives

Polyols

Concept: Closed-Loop Polymer Cycle

Increased utilization

of condensation

polymers

Material recovery

Polymerization

Chemical

Biochemical

Thermochemical

Polyesters

Nylon

Logistics

On-line detection

Chemical

Separation

Depolymerization

Pristine polymers

Hi-Tech Composites

Packaging

The next step

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928.3.2017 9

FlexBTX: Green BTX flexibly from biomass

Forestry residues,

mill residues,

straw, energy crops,

urban biowaste

Gasification &gas upgrading

BIO-α-OLEFINS

C2-C16

BENZENE, TOLUENE

XYLENE

0,5-1,2 €/kg

PAO4 €/kg

ASA4 €/kg

OXOALDEHYDES

ALKYLSILANES

LINEARPOLYCARBONATES

3,5 €/kg

EPOXIDES

PLASTICS, FINE AND SPECIALTY

CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICALS

PAINTS, FIBRES, RESINS…

SYNTHETIC LUBRICATION OIL

PAPER SIZING AGENT

LUBRICANT ADDITIVE, SURFACTANT,ACID SCAVENGER ,SOLVENT,

RESIN MODIFIER, RESIN DRIER

SURFACE MODIFIERCOMPATIBILITY AGENT

POLYCARBONATE PLASTICS

REACTIVE MODIFIER FORCELLULOSE, STARCH AND LIGNIN

FT-REACTION

Fe-CATALYST

High-T, low-P

FI 20155453 Method and apparatus for producing a chemical compound and a chemical compound and its use; TRL 3-4

KI_013030 Production of aromatic hydrocarbons from renewable sources

KI_014248 Biobased paper sizing agent

KI_014264 Biobased maleic anhydride

Fischer-Tropsch-reaction

Olefins

VTT has developed a new highly selective and competitive process for the manufacture of ”green” BTX from biomass.

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Nollakuitua syntyy Suomessa noin 60-80 000 tonnia

vuodessa paperi ja kartonkitehtailta

• Nollakuituliete käytetään nyt joko maarakentamiseen tai se poltetaan

• Vuoden 2020 jälkeen nollakuidun käyttö maarakentamiseen vähenee

merkittävästi*

• Poltolla syntyvää jätemäärää voidaan vähentää, mutta ei kokonaan

poistaa ja tästä huolimatta suhteellista uudelleenkäyttövelvoitetta ei

edistetä

Nollakuidusta kannattavia tuotteitaSitran kiertotalouden avainhanke

Uusia taloudellisesti kannattavia

käyttötapoja nollakuidulle löydettävä pikaisesti

*Direktiivin 2008/98/EY 11 artiklan 2 kohdassa asetetaan tavoite, jonka mukaan vuoteen 2020 mennessä 50 prosenttia kotitalous- ja vastaavastajätteestä on valmisteltava uudelleenkäyttöä varten tai kierrätettävä ja 70 prosenttia muusta kuin vaarallisesta rakennus- ja purkujätteestä on

valmisteltava uudelleenkäyttöä varten tai kierrätettävä tai tästä määrästä on otettava muulla tavoin materiaali talteen.Revisio: http://www.emeeting.europarl.europa.eu/committees/agenda/201701/ENVI/ENVI(2017)0123_1/sitt-3764868

Haemme kiinnostuneita yrityksiä mukaan hankkeeseen

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� Sybimar has developed a bioenergy and food

production solution based on closed circulation,

whereby waste, waste heat, nutrients and CO2 are

used and recycled back into energy and food

production.

� The pilot plant is a combined fish breeding plant

(rainbow trout and whitefish) and greenhouse.

2 3 4

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Sybimar 1** Sybimar 2** Sybimar 3**

2 3 4

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Sybimar 1** Sybimar 2** Sybimar 3**

38 38

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Kirjolohifile

perustapaus

Avomerilaitos

kirjolohifile

Kiertovesilaitos

kirjolohifile

Kiertovesilaitos

kokonainen

arvio**

kg P

O4

ekv.

/ton

ni

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Kirjolohifile

perustapaus

Avomerilaitos

kirjolohifile

Kiertovesilaitos

kirjolohifile

Kiertovesilaitos

kokonainen

arvio**

kg P

O4

ekv.

/ton

ni

A major reduction can be made in the climate change impact, acidification and eutrophication by using green energy from the biogas plant.

Case SYBIMAR calculated with SULCA:Towards a more ecological solution through integrated fishery,

greenhouse and bioenergy production using closed circulation

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Summary: Current topics at VTT

Materials Technologies Products

Textile and packagingwaste

Carbamate technology Textile fibre, composite material, pulp, disposables

Side streams from the food chain

Thermal and mechanical treatment, bioprocessingto extract and functionalize ingredients

Proteins, oils, fibre ingredients to food, chemicals

Manure and sludges Thermochemical treatment Nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon products

Waste water Precipitation, FO, ”Resource Container” Clean water, nutrients, carbon, minerals

Solid municipal waste Source separation, material recycling, SRF-production via mechanical processing, thermalconversion (grate-incineration)

Metals, biofuels, chemicals, nutrients, soiladdituves, waste-to-energy

Construction and demolition waste

Selective demolition, mechanical, thermal and chemical processing

Civil engineering applications, building products and materials, ceramics and composites, binders, bulk and fine chemicals, energy

Plastic and organicwaste

Feedstock recycling via hermal conversion, mechanical recycling

Fuels, olefins, chemicals, energy

Electronics waste Integrated mechanical, thermal and hydrometallurgical processing

Metals, raffinates, minerals, olefins, energy

Ash and slags Mechanical processing, chemical leaching and recovery

Construction products and materials, ceramics, binders, bulk and fine chemicals, concentrates, nutrients, fertilisers, catalysts

Mine waste and tailings Integrated mechanical, thermal and hydrometallurgical processing

Metals, raffinates, construction products and materials, ceramics, binders, bulk and fine chemicals, nutrients, fertilisers

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Value chain and business concept

development

System design

Process design

Environmental assessment

Technoeconomic prefeasibility assessment

Processmodelling

Balances and boundaries

Economicfeasibility

• Process specification at component or main unit operation level

• Process simulation tools (Aspen, Balas, Apros, WinGems, ChemCAD, etc.)

• Case-specific boundary definition

• Mass and energy balances

• Integration impacts

• Variable and fixed cost estimation

• Cash-flow analysis• Sensitivities in different

market conditions• Interactive customer-

tailored toolkits

Hytönen E., Improving energy efficiency through process simulation,

3.6.2014

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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR NEW PRODUCTS AND

TECHNOLOGIES

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

METHOD DEVELOPMENT

CRITICAL REVIEWS

(ISO14040-44)

SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS

ECO-EFFICIENCY

CARBON FOOTPRINT

(ISO14067)

WATER FOOTPRINT

(ISO 14046)

SULCA

LCA SOFTWARE

ECO DESIGN

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT

DECLARATION

MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS

ENERGY FLOW ANALYSIS

Sustainability services

SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

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TEKNOLOGIASTA TULOSTA

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Waste-derived fuels and chemicals

Biomass, agro-residues,

construction and demolition, plastics, industrial, food waste,

MSW, SMW

Pretreatment

Productization of side-streams - metals, nutrients, recycled solvents, energy

Product recoveryand post-treatment

Upgrading

High-value fuels, solvents, platform chemicals,

monomers for plastics

Customer needs, availability, cost• Characterisation, speciation• Data collection and management• Utilisation of geoinformation ???

New cost-efficient technologies• Crushing, drying, metal removal, pelletizing• Removal of nutrients, alkalis

Improved processes, piloting/demonstration• Fast pyrolysis, HTL; slow pyrolysis, HTC• Novel enzymes, micro-organisms, metabolic engineering

New cost-efficient technologies• Hot vapour filtration, • Hot-condensation, distillation• Ion-exchange, biofiltration

Productization• Catalytic hydrotreatment• Fractionation, isolation, extraction,

separation

Thermal processes

Hydrolysis-Fermentation

Zero-waste solutions

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Textile research in VTT

� Preparation of textile fibers

� Alkaline processes (CCA and

BioCelSol) for regenerated

fibers

� Raw materials: dissolving

pulp and recycled cotton

� Infinited Fiber Company Oy

chemical recycling textiles

with CCA

� Mechanical recycling in

TEKES Telaketju project

� Preparation of nonwovens

� Foam forming: versatile and

resource efficient process

� Hygenic products

� Filter materials

� Insulation

� Fibre yarn technology

� Spinnova Oy (”wood

fabrics” directly from pulp)