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HUBUNGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK TERHADAP KEJADIAN

DISMENORE DI KOTA MALANG

SKRIPSI

DISUSUN OLEH:

MUHAMMAD ILWAN HUZARI

NIM. 201010420311129

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

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SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:

Nama : Muhammad Ilwan Huzari

NIM : 201010420311129

Program Studi : Ilmu Keperawatan

Judul Skripsi : Hubungan Perilaku Merokok Terhadap Kejadian Dismenore Di

Kota Malang

Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir yang saya tulis benar-

benar hasil karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambil alihan tulisan atau pikiran

orang lain yang saya aku sebagai tulisan saya atau pikiran saya sendiri.

Apabila dikemudian hari dapat dibuktikan bahwa Tugas Akhir ini adalah hasil

jiplakan, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.

Malang, Mei 2015

Yang Membuat Pernyataan

Muhammad Ilwan Huzari

NIM. 201010420311129

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan bimbingan-Nya

Penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Hubungan Perilaku Merokok

Terhadap Kejadian Dismenore di Kota Malang”. Skripsi ini disusun sebagai salah

satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep) pada Program Studi

Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Penulis menyadari bahwa Skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan berkat bantuan,

arahan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu tidak lupa penulis

menyampaikan terima kasih yang setulus-tulusnya kepada yang terhormat:

1. Bapak Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo, M.Kep., Sp.Kom. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Ibu Nurul Aini, M.Kep. selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas

Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

3. Ibu Aini Alifatin, S.Kp, M.Kep. selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang telah

meluangkan waktu, memberikan bimbingan, dukungan, arahan, dan motivasi

dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.

4. Ibu Henik Tri Rahayu, S.Kep., Ns., MS. selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah

meluangkan waktu, memberikan bimbingan, dukungan, arahan, dan motivasi

dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.

5. Kedua orang tua yang selalu mendoakan dan memberikan dukungan moril dan

materil serta memberikan kesempatan untuk menjadi yang lebih baik dalam

menyelesaikan proposal ini.

6. Seluruh Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan yang telah memberikan

ilmunya.

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7. Kepada Kakak serta Abang dan Saudara semuanya yang telah banyak

mensupport Penulis.

8. Responden yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktunya untuk membantu dalam

proses penelitian.

9. Kepada Sahabat yang telah banyak memberikan banyak fasilitas.

10. Kepada Adek-adek yang selalu memotivasi dengan cara yang unik.

Penulis berdoa semoga amal kebaikannya mendapat imbalan dan diterima

sebagai ibadah oleh Allah SWT. Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan yang

disebabkan oleh keterbatasan kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang penulis miliki, oleh

karena itu kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun sangat penulis harapkan.

Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis dan para pembaca.

Malang, Mei 2015

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul ..................................................................................................................... i Halaman Persetujuan .......................................................................................................... ii Halaman Pengesahan ........................................................................................................... iii Surat Pernyataan Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................ iv

Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................................... v Abstrak ................................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ................................................................................................................................. viii Daftar Isi .............................................................................................................................. ix Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................................... xii Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................................................... xiii Daftar Lampiran .................................................................................................................. xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 6 1.4.1 Manfaat Bagi Peneliti ........................................................................................ 6 1.4.2 Manfaat Bagi Perawat & Layanan Kesehatan ............................................... 6 1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Wanita Perokok ......................................................................... 6 1.4.4 Manfaat Bagi Ilmu Keperawatan ..................................................................... 7 1.4.5 Manfaat Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya ................................................................... 7

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 7

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Rokok ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1.1 Definisi Merokok ............................................................................................ 10 2.1.2 Tahapan Perilaku Merokok ........................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Klasifikasi Perokok ......................................................................................... 11 2.1.4 Jenis Rokok ....................................................................................................... 12 2.1.5 Kandungan Rokok ........................................................................................... 15 2.1.6 Perjalanan Asap Rokok di Dalam Tubuh ..................................................... 17

2.2 Menstruasi ...................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Pengertian Menstruasi .................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Gejala Fisik Wanita Menstruasi .................................................................... 20 2.2.3 Siklus Menstruasi ............................................................................................ 20 2.2.4 Kelainan-Kelainan Menstruasi ....................................................................... 22

2.3 Dismenore ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.1 Epidemiologi Dismenore .............................................................................. 23 2.3.2 Definisi Dismenore ........................................................................................ 24 2.3.3 Klasifikasi Dismenore .................................................................................... 25 2.3.4 Derajat Dismenore ......................................................................................... 26 2.3.5 Gejala Dismenore ........................................................................................... 26 2.3.6 Faktor Penyebab ............................................................................................. 28 2.3.7 Faktor Resiko .................................................................................................. 31

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2.3.8 Patofisiologi ..................................................................................................... 33 2.3.9 Komplikasi ....................................................................................................... 36

BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP

3.1 Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................................................... 37 3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ...................................................................................................... 38 BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN

4.1 Desain Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Kerangka Kerja ............................................................................................................. 39 4.3 Populasi Sampel dan Sampling ................................................................................... 41

4.3.1 Populasi ............................................................................................................ 41 4.3.2 Sampel ............................................................................................................. 41 4.3.3 Sampling ........................................................................................................... 41

4.4 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 42 4.4.1 Variabel Independen ...................................................................................... 42 4.4.2 Variabel Dependen ......................................................................................... 42

4.5 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................................... 42 4.6 Tempat Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 43 4.7 Waktu Penelitian ............................................................................................................ 43 4.8 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................................... 43

4.8.1 Kuesioner ......................................................................................................... 44 4.8.2 Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ............................................................................. 44

4.9 Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................................... 45 4.9.1 Tahap Persiapan .............................................................................................. 45 4.9.2 Tahap Pelaksanaan ........................................................................................... 46 4.9.3 Tahap Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................. 46 4.9.4 Tahap Pengolahan Data ................................................................................. 46

4.10 Analisa Data ................................................................................................................ 47 4.11 Etika Penelitian ........................................................................................................... 48

4.11.1 Lembar Persetujuan ...................................................................................... 48 4.11.2 Tanpa Nama .................................................................................................. 48 4.11.3 Kerahasiaan ................................................................................................... 49

BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN

5.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................................... 50 5.1.1 Data Umum ....................................................................................................... 50 5.1.2 Data Khusus ...................................................................................................... 52 5.2 Analisa Data .................................................................................................................... 54 5.2.1 Uji Normalitas .................................................................................................... 54 5.2.2 Uji Hipotesis ....................................................................................................... 54

BAB VI PEMBAHASAN

6.1 Gambaran Perilaku Merokok pada Wanita ................................................................ 56 6.2 Gambaran Kejadian Dismenore .................................................................................. 58 6.3 Hubungan antara Perilaku Merokok terhadap Kejadian Dismenore ..................... 58 6.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian ................................................................................................ 60 6.5 Implikasi Keperawatan.................................................................................................. 60

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BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

7.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................................... 62 7.2 Saran ................................................................................................................................ 63 Daftar pustaka ..................................................................................................................... 64 Lampiran ............................................................................................................................... 66 Curriculum Vitae ..................................................................................................................83

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................................... 37 Gambar 4.1 Kerangka Kerja ............................................................................................. 40 Gambar 4.2 Skala Nyeri Berdasarkan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ............................... 45

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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional ......................................................................................... 43 Tabel 4.2 Keterangan Pertanyaan untuk Kuesioner ...................................................... 44 Tabel 5.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia ...............50 Tabel 5.2 Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Status Pekerjaan ...............................................................................................................................51 Tabel 5.3 Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan Terakhir .................................................................................................................................51 Tabel 5.4 Usia Awal Merokok pada Wanita di Kota Malang April 2015 .....................52 Tabel 5.5 Lama Merokok pada Wanita di Kota Malang April 2015 .............................52 Tabel 5.6 Intensitas Merokok Per Hari pada Wanita di Kota Malang April 2015 .....52 Tabel 5.7 Jenis Rokok pada Wanita di Kota Malang April 2015 ..................................53 Tabel 5.8 Uji Statistik Deskriptif Intensitas Merokok ....................................................53 Tabel 5.9 Uji Statistik Deskriftif Kejadian Dismenore ...................................................53 Tabel 5.10 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test ......................................................54 Tabel 5.11 Uji Hipotesis dengan Menggunakan Spearmen Rank .................................55

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Surat Keterangan Penelitian .......................................................................... 66 Lampiran 2 Permohonan Pengisian Kuesioner Penelitian ............................................67 Lampiran 3 Lembar Persetujuan Menjadi Responden ...................................................68 Lampiran 4 Kuesioner Penelitian ......................................................................................69 Lampiran 5 Uji Normalitas .................................................................................................72 Lampiran 6 Uji Korelasi Spearman Rank .........................................................................73 Lampiran 7 Master Tabel ....................................................................................................74 Lampiran 8 Log Book .........................................................................................................76 Lampiran 9 Dokumentasi ...................................................................................................82

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