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STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MINYAK
TEA TREE (MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA)
DALAM PERAWATAN LUKA
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
NUR AMRINATUS SHOLIHAH
NIM. 201210420311069
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
i
STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MINYAK
TEA TREE (MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA)
DALAM PERAWATAN LUKA
SKRIPSI
Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep)
Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Oleh:
NUR AMRINATUS SHOLIHAH
NIM. 201210420311069
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MI}IYAK
DAI-AM PERATTATAN LUKA
SKRIPSI
Disusun Oleh:
NUR AMRINATUS SHOLITIAHNIM. 20u-10420317069
Skripsi ini Telah Disetuiui untuk Diujikan
PadaJuh 2019
Penguji I, Penguiiw
Anis Ika Nut Rohmeh. M.Kep.Sf Kep. MBNrP. UMM. 180315041988
1\{engetahui,
Ketua Progtam Studi Ilmu Kepcrau.atan
Fakultas Ilmu Keschatan
NIP. LrN.{l\{. 112.
NIP. LrMM. 1.1,2.0547.442t
*
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MINYAKTEA TREE (MELALEUCA ALTERNTFOLIA)
DALAM PERAWATAN LUKA
SKRIPSI
Disusun Oleh:
Nut Amdnatus Sholihah
NIM. 20121042031.1069
Skripsi irlr Telah Diuiikan
Pada Tanggal B Juli 2019
Penguji IV,
Risa Hetlianita. S.Kep., NS., MS
NrP. UMM 11216080583
Penguji I,
NrP. UMM.180315041988
Penguji III,
Mengetahui,
Ilmu Kesehatan
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN
Sava yanl4 bertanda tangan di baw-ah iai:
Narna
NIM
Program Studi
Juciul Skripsi
Nur Amrinatus Sholihah
2ffi21A42A311069
Ilmu Keperaw*atan
Studi Literatur Pengprnaal r\tlin3r2k Tea Tree {A,Ielalcwa Aherrulfolia}
Dalam Perawata.tr Luka
Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir y^ng saya tuiis ini benar-beuar hasil
karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambilalihafi tulisan atau pikir2l oranglaia yang say* akui
sebagai tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri.
Apabila dikemudian hart dapat dibukikan bahwa 'Iugas Akhir ini adilah hasil jiplakan, maka
saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.
Malang 4Juli 2019
-}plg $embuat Pernyataan
Nur Amrinatus Sholihalt
NiL{. 20121042A311A69
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan bimbingan-Nya
penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Studi Literatur Penggunaan
Minyak Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia) Dalam Perawatan Luka”. Skripsi ini
disusun sebagai salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep)
Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Bersamaan dengan ini perkenankanlah penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang
sebesar-besarnya dengan hati yang tulus kepada :
1. Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep, Sp.Kep.KMB Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu
Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
2. Nur Lailatul Masruroh, S.Kep., Ns., MNS. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu
Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep, Sp.Kep.KMB Selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang
senantiasa bersabar memberikan bimbingan serta masukan juga motivasi
kepada peneliti.
4. Anis Ika Nur Rohmah, M.Kep,Sp. Kep. MB Selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang
senantiasa bersabar memberikan bimbingan serta masukan juga motivasi
kepada peneliti.
5. Seluruh jajaran dosen dan staf TU, Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan
Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang tidak
dapat peneliti sebutkan satu persatu atas ilmu dan bantuan yang telah
diberikan selama ini kepada peneliti.
v
6. Orang tua tersayang Bapak (Kaspuwan) dan Ibu (Julis) serta seluruh keluarga
besar yang telah bersabar dan senantiasa mendoakan, memberikan dukungan
baik moral, material maupun spiritual kepada peneliti selama menempuh
pendidikan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
7. Semua teman-teman keluarga besar PSIK B UMM 2012 khususnya Mbak
(Fiya) dan (Ovi) yang selalu memberikan bantuan dan dukungan kepada
peneliti.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata
sempurna, oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan adanya saran dan kritik yang
bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini.
Malang, Juli 2019
Penulis
viii
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Halaman Judul...........................................................................................................................i Lembar Persetujuan..................................................................................................................ii Surat Keaslian Penelitian.........................................................................................................iii Kata Pengantar..........................................................................................................................iv Abstrak.......................................................................................................................................vi Daftar Isi....................................................................................................................................viii Daftar Gambar..........................................................................................................................x Daftar Tabel...............................................................................................................................xi Daftar Lampiran........................................................................................................................xii Daftar Singkatan........................................................................................................................xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................................. 5
1.4.1 Manfaat Bagi Penulis dan Penulis Lain................................................... 5 1.4.2 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat........................................................................... 6 1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Profesi Keperawatan.......................................................... 6
1.5 Keaslian Penelitian................................................................................................. 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Anatomi Sistem Integumen.................................................................................. 10
2.1.1 Definisi......................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Struktur Anatomi Kulit.............................................................................. 11
2.2 Konsep Luka.......................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Definisi......................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Etiologi Luka............................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Fisiologi Peyembuhan Luka...................................................................... 15 2.2.4 Fase Penyembuhan Luka........................................................................... 15 2.2.5 Prinsip Penyembuhan Luka...................................................................... 17 2.2.6 Faktor Peymebuhan Luka......................................................................... 18
2.3 Perawatan Luka...................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Prinsip Penyembuhan Luka...................................................................... 22
2.4 Minyak Tea Tree.................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 Definisi......................................................................................................... 23 2.4.2 Morfologi dan Taksonomi........................................................................ 23 2.4.3 Manfaat......................................................................................................... 26 2.4.4 Kandungan Kimiawi.................................................................................. 29
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP 3.1 Kerangka Konsep Penelitian................................................................................ 31
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN
4.1 Desain Penelitian.................................................................................................... 35 4.2 Tahapan Systematic Literature Review............................................................... 35
4.2.1 Tujuan Studi Literatur................................................................................ 35
ix
4.2.2 Pencarian Data............................................................................................ 36 4.2.3 Screening...................................................................................................... 36 4.2.4 Penilaian Kualitas........................................................................................ 36 4.2.5 Ekstraksi Data............................................................................................. 37 4.2.6 Analisa Data................................................................................................. 37 4.2.7 Penulisan Hasil Studi Literatur................................................................. 37
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel..............................................................................................38 4.3.1 Populasi........................................................................................................ 38 4.3.2 Sampel.......................................................................................................... 39
4.4 Variabel Penelitian................................................................................................. 39 4.4.1 Variabel Bebas............................................................................................. 39 4.4.2 Variabel Tergantung................................................................................... 39
BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN
5.1 Karakteristik Sampel.............................................................................................. 40 5.2 Hasil Studi Literatur dan Analisa PICO............................................................. 40
5.2.1 Hasil Studi Literatur................................................................................... 40 5.2.2 Analisa PICO...............................................................................................41
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN
6.1 Interpretasi dan Diskusi Hasil.............................................................................. 66 6.1.1 Reaksi Alergi Minyak Tea Tree................................................................. 66 6.1.2 Kandungan Terpinen-4-ol......................................................................... 67 6.1.3 Dressing Minyak Tea Tree........................................................................ 67 6.1.4 Penggunaan Minyak Tea Tree Dalam Perawatan Luka........................ 68 6.1.5 Penggunaan Minyak Tea Tree Dalam Perawatan Luka Bakar............. 69 6.1.6 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Agen Anti-Mikroba....................................... 69 6.1.7 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Agen Anti-Bakteri......................................... 70 6.1.8 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Agen Anti-Fungi............................................ 71 6.1.9 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Obat Topikal.................................................. 71 6.1.10 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Obat Herbal Tradisional............................ 72 6.1.11 Studi Kasus Penggunaan Minyak Tea Tree.......................................... 72
6.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian......................................................................................... 73 6.3 Implikasi Untuk Keperawatan............................................................................. 73
BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
7.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................................................. 74 7.2 Saran......................................................................................................................... 74
7.2.1 Bagi Penulis dan Peneliti Lain................................................................... 74 7.2.2 Bagi Masyarakat.......................................................................................... 75 7.2.3 Bagi Profesi Keperawatan dan Fasilitas Kesehatan............................... 75
Daftar Pustaka ........................................................................................................................... 76 Lampiran .................................................................................................................................... 80
x
DAFTAR GAMBAR
2.1 Anatomi Kulit...................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Lapisan Epidermis............................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Fase Penyembuhan Luka.................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Pohon Tea Tree................................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Bunga Tea Tree.................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Kerangka Konsep................................................................................................................ 32 4.2 Diagram: Systematic Literature Review........................................................................... 38
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
2.1 Kandungan Kimiawi Minyak Tea Tree Menurut (ISO 4730).......................................30 5.1 Analisa Data Kuantitatif..................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Analisa Data Kualitatif........................................................................................................ 42 5.3 Tabel PICO (Population, Intervention Compare and Outcome)................................ 44
xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Pemilihan Jurnal....................................................................................................80 Lampiran 2 Lembar ACC Judul.............................................................................................. 82 Lampiran 3 Lembar Konsultasi.............................................................................................. 83 Lampiran 4 Curriculum Vitae.................................................................................................. 86
xiii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ARDS : Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
BMI : Body Mass Index
C. Albicans : Candida. Albicans
CoNS : Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
CVP : Cold Pressed Valencia
DINKES : Dinas Kesehatan
ECM : Extracellular Matrix
Hb : Hemoglobin
HIV/AIDS : Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
IFIs : Invasive Fungal Wound Infection
ISO 6730 : International Organization for Standardization 6730
MRSA : Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aereus
NS : Normal Saline
PICO : Population, Intervention, Compare, Outcome
pH : Potential of Hydrogen
RIRDC : Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation
RISKESDAS : Riset Kesehatan Dasar
RL/kg/BB : Ringer Laktat/ Kilogram/ Berat Badan
SLR : Systematic Literature Review
SMP/MTS : Sekolah Menengah Pertama/ Madrasah Tsanawiyah
TBSA : Total Body Surface Area
TcO2 : Total Carbon Dioxide
TNF : Tumor Necrosis Factor
TTO : Tea Tree Oil
UWA : University of Western Australia
WHO : World Health Organization
76
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