*Smart Grid and Electric Vehicles

Instructor: Nicholas F. Maxemchuk

Members: Yingjie ZhouChen Wang

Xiangying Qian

*Recap the Project

*Power distribution becomes an important issue when power demand exceeds power supply . *As electric vehicles get more popular, for a period of time,

there could be a shortage of power generating facilities. In order to allow the use of electric vehicles grow at a normal rate, it is necessary to look for some techniques to charge all vehicles as fairly as possible.*Our objective is to find out and compare different types of

fairness schemes so as to meet the customers’ needs to a great extent.

*Schedule

Week Tasks1, 2, (Jan 30 – Feb 10) Background reading and literature

review3,4, (Feb 13 – Feb 24) Simulate a baseline charging system 5, 6 (Feb 27 – Mar 9)8, (Mar 19 – Mar 23)

Implement different types of fairness; Each of us is responsible for one specific fairness scheme.

9,10, (Mar 26 – Apr 6) Compare the results and make some conclusions.

11,12,13, (Apr 9 – Apr 27)

Write a technical paper.

*Progress

1. Set up simulation environment:*information of electric vehicles*charging habits*power on smart grid

2. Realize the basic fairness scheme – Round Robin3. Obtain some results using two metrics:*the fraction of electric vehicles without sufficient charge on

departure*the average departure delay

*Baseline System

1. Set up information of electric vehicles*Battery limit: 100 miles – 28kwh*Charge mode: 120V 15A – 1.8kw or nearly 6.5miles at

maximum power

*Baseline System

1. Set up charging habits*Total number of person leaving home to go to work

every half hour during a day time shift (8am corresponds to 6pm)*The arrival of electric vehicles is poison process: arrival

rate interarrival time satisfies exponential distribution.*Plug-in time for an electric vehicle is Gaussian distribution

truncated to 2 deltas. (mean=14 delta=4, unit: hour)*The departure process is obtained accordingly.

*Baseline System

1. Set up charging habits – contd.*Desired distance satisfies exponential distribution

truncated to [20, 90] miles desired energy*Current battery level is uniformly distributed between

0% to 30% of full battery energy.*Energy needed is calculated based on demand the

amount of charging periods (5 minute switch on/off intervals) for each electric vehicle

*Baseline System

1. Set up power*Summer daily load profile sampled hourly.

*Baseline System

1. Set up power – contd.*Peak ratio supplied power *Penetration available power per hour available power

per 5 minute *Charge mode the number of electric vehicles that is

able to be charged per 5 minute *Daily power distribution power distribution for a

period

*Baseline System

2. Realize the basic fairness scheme – Round Robin*Round Robin based system works in the way that – If 20 cars

waited to be charged, and the power company can merely charge 15, then in the first 5 minute it will charge cars 1 to 15, in the second cars 16 to 20 and 1 to 10, in the third cars 11 to 20 and 1 to 5, and so on so forth. *Eventually each car receives the same charge.*In real implementation, run round robin every 5 minute to

achieve real-time coordination.*Two cases: sufficient power/ insufficient power for all cars in

the waiting list

*Baseline System

2. Round Robin algorithm*Create a waiting list based upon arriving times of the cars

that need to be charged.*Check which of the two cases applied.*Charge a fixed number of cars in the front of the waiting list.*Update the cars’ information.*Update the waiting list: adding new arrivals, removing the

cars that finish charging and reordering the waiting list.

*Baseline System

3. Obtain some results using two metrics:*Run the baseline system for successive days.*Take the measurements from the day to ensure correct and

reasonable initializations.*Take the measurements till day to enforce all cars

departing by the end of measurements, so that we can tell the particular delay for a car if its departure is delayed. *Two metrics with tuned input arguments: number of days

and penetration

*Results

*Results

*Results

*Any Question?

Thank you very much!