SNMP Proxy Agent

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MG-SOFT Corporation

SNMP Proxy Agent 2011

GETTING STARTED GUIDE(Document Version: 1.0)

Document published on Friday, 14-January-2011

Copyright 2007-2011 MG-SOFT Corporation
http://www.mg-soft.com/index.htmlhttp://www.mg-soft.com/index.htmlhttp://www.mg-soft.com/index.html


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MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent Getting Started Introduction

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In order to improve the design or performance characteristics, MG-SOFT reservesthe right to make changes in this document or in the software without notice.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express writtenpermission of MG-SOFT Corporation. Permission to print one copy is hereby grantedif your only means of access is electronic.

Depending on your license, certain functions described in this document may not be

available in the version of the software that you are currently using.Screenshots used in this document may slightly differ from those on your display.

MG-SOFT may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or otherintellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing ofthis document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks,copyrights, or other intellectual property.

Copyright 2007-2011 MG-SOFT Corporation. All rights reserved.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction .........................................................................................................51.1 Product Description.......................................................................................................5

2 Installing SNMP Proxy Agent.............................................................................62.1 Requirements................................................................................................................6 2.2 Installing SNMP Proxy Agent for Windows ................................................................... 6

3 Starting SNMP Proxy Agent ...............................................................................73.1 Starting SNMP Proxy Agent Configuration Utility..........................................................73.2 Starting SNMP Proxy Agent Service.............................................................................7

4 Configuring SNMP Proxy Agent ........................................................................94.1 Configuring SNMP Profiles ........................................................................................... 9

4.1.1New/Edit SNMP Profile Dialog Box.........................................................................................94.2 Configuring Proxy Forward Settings for SNMP Querying Operations.........................12

4.2.1Adding/Editing a SNMP Query Forward Rule.......................................................................124.2.2Removing a SNMP Query Forward Rule..............................................................................13

4.3 Configuring Proxy Forward Settings for SNMP Notifications ...................................... 144.3.1Adding/Editing a SNMP Notification Forward Rule...............................................................144.3.2Removing a SNMP Notification Forward Rule ......................................................................16

5 Glossary.............................................................................................................17


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TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Run dialog box ......................................................................................................................... 7Figure 2: Starting MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent service....................................................................... 7Figure 3: Controlling Proxy Service from Proxy Agent Configurator....................................................... 8Figure 4: Profile management dialog box................................................................................................ 9Figure 5: New/Edit SNMP Profile dialog box......................................................................................... 10Figure 6: Password For Authentication/Privacy Protocol dialog box .................................................... 10Figure 7: Proxy Agent Configurator, SNMP Query tab ......................................................................... 12Figure 8: New Forward Rule dialog box................................................................................................ 13Figure 9: Proxy Agent Configurator, SNMP Notification tab ................................................................. 14Figure 10: Adding a new forward rule for SNMP notifications............................................................... 15Figure 11: Several SNMP notification forwarding rules configured in SNMP Proxy Agent Configurator..... 16


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1 INTRODUCTION

This guide contains instructions for completing basic operations in MG-SOFT SNMP

Proxy Agent application. Majority of instructions are provided on a step-by-step basis,which should help the reader start using the software effectively.

It is supposed that you are familiar with using a graphical computer environment, suchas choosing a main menu command or a pop-up command, selecting items, closingwindows and dialog boxes, etc.

All program commands in this manual are written in bold and italic letters. Individualcommands in combinations of commands are separated by the / character. Forexample:View / Events which means: click the View entry in the menu bar and select theEvents command from the View menu.

All hyperlinks in text are marked with blue colored letters, e.g., Configuring SNMPProxy Agent. Clicking a hyperlink opens the page which the hyperlink points to.

The content of this guide is listed in the Table of Contents.

1.1 Product Description

MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent software application can receive, optionally translate,

and forward any valid SNMP messages to final targets, as well as receive, optionallytranslate, and send responses to these messages back to the message originators. Inaddition to SNMP Get, GetNext, GetBulk and Set requests, it can also forward andtranslate SNMP Trap and Inform messages. The software supports SNMPv1,SNMPv2c and SNMPv3 protocol versions and can translate SNMP messagesbetween different versions of the protocol. This makes it fully transparent to thenetwork management (NMS) applications and managed SNMP devices, which are notaware that the actual management is conducted through a SNMP proxy application.

A typical SNMP proxy agent application is located between one or more networkmanagement (NMS) applications and the managed SNMP devices (agents), forexample, when NMS and agents do not support the same version of the SNMPprotocol or when they are not in the same (sub)network.

The main components of the software are the proxy service and the managementconsole. Proxy service is a Windows service that runs in the background and receives,translates and forwards SNMP messages. The SNMP Proxy Agent managementconsole provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for configuring the Proxy Agentservice.

MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent runs on Microsoft Windows operating systems(Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008,Windows 7).


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MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent Getting Started Installing SNMP Proxy Agent

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2 INSTALLING SNMP PROXY AGENT

2.1 Requirements

In order to install and use MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent for Windows, the followingsoftware needs to be installed on your computer:

MS Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 orWindows 7.

Additionally, you need to have administrative privileges to successfully install SNMPAgent Simulator.

2.2 Installing SNMP Proxy Agent for Windows

1. Start the computer and put the MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent installation CD intoyour CD or DVD drive.

Note:You need to have the administrative user privileges to install the software.

2. In Windows Explorer navigate to the CD/DVD drive and double click thesetup.exe file to run the SNMP Proxy Agent installer.

3. To proceed with the installation, use the Nextbutton at the bottom of the wizardscreen.

Note: This manual describes only those installation steps that are specific to the MG-SOFTSNMP Proxy Agent installation process.

4. After passing the standard steps of accepting the license agreement, specifyingthe license key file location and providing the user information, the DestinationFolder screen appears. After specifying the program installation path click theNextbutton to proceed to the Windows Firewall Settings screen.

5. Check the Add MG-SOFT SNMP Trap Service to allowed programs and AddMG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent to allowed programscheckboxes if you want tohave the ports opened in the Windows Firewall. After you are done click Next.

6. Click the Installbutton to start the installation.

7. Click the Finishbutton to end the SNMP Proxy Agent Installation Wizard.

Note: If you received a valid license key file after you had installed the software, you need to copythe license.key file to the SNMP Proxy Agent Bin folder (i.e., C:\Program Files\MG-

SOFT\SNMP Proxy Agent\Bin) and restart the application.


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MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent Getting Started Starting SNMP Proxy Agent

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3 STARTING SNMP PROXY AGENT

3.1 Starting SNMP Proxy Agent Configuration UtilityTo start the MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent configuration utility, select the Start /Programs / MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent/ SNMP Proxy Agent Configuratorcommand from the Windows taskbar.

3.2 Starting SNMP Proxy Agent Service

By default, the SNMP Proxy Agent service is started automatically by the system.Should you need to manually start it, proceed as follows:

1. Click the Startbutton and select the Runcommand. The Run dialog box appears(Figure 1).

Figure 1: Run dialog box

2. Into the Openinput line in the Run dialog box, type services.mscand click theOKbutton. The Services window is displayed (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Starting MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent service


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3. Right click the MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agentservice entry and select the Startcommand.

Alternatively, you can control the SNMP proxy Agent Servicefrom the Proxy AgentConfiguratorapplication:

Figure 3: Controlling Proxy Service from Proxy Agent Configurator

1. Click the Start, Stopor Restartbutton in Proxy Agent Configurator to start, stopor restart the proxy service, respectively.


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MG-SOFT SNMP Proxy Agent Getting Started Configuring SNMP Proxy Agent

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4 CONFIGURING SNMP PROXY AGENT

4.1 Configuring SNMP Profiles

A SNMP profile contains SNMP protocol settings (SNMP version, community namesor SNMPv3 user settings) that are used by SNMP Proxy Agent for receiving orforwarding SNMP messages. One can configure many different SNMP profiles in theSNMP Proxy Agent Configurator utility and assign them to forwarding rules.

To start configuring SNMP profiles click the Profilesbutton in the main window. TheManage Profiles dialog box appears (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Profile management dialog box

To create a new SNMP profile, click the Add button and the New/Edit SNMPProfiledialog box will appear.

To remove an existing profile, select it on the list and click the Deletebutton.

To edit an existing profile, select it on the list and click the Edit button and theNew/Edit SNMP Profiledialog box will appear.

4.1.1 New/Edit SNMP Profile Dialog Box

1. In the Profile name input line in the New/Edit SNMP Profile dialog box, enter thename of the SNMP profile.

2. Choose the SNMP version that will be supported by the simulated agent(s) byselecting the corresponding radio button.

3. Into the Read Community and Write Community input lines, enter thecommunity names used for SNMP querying operations and for SNMP Set


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operation, respectively. The community input lines are disabled if you choose theSNMPv3 protocol version.

Figure 5: New/Edit SNMP Profile dialog box

4. If you have selected the version 3 of SNMP protocol, specify the following parameters:

Enter the name of the SNMPv3 USM user into the Security user nameinput line.

Enter the SNMPv3 context name into the Contextinput line.

Select the SNMPv3 authentication protocol from the Authentication drop-down list and click the Change Passwordbutton next to it. The PasswordFor Authentication Protocol dialog box appears.

Figure 6: Password For Authentication/Privacy Protocol dialog box

Enter the authentication password twice into the Password and thePassword confirmationinput lines and click the OKbutton.

Tip: To see the entered characters, uncheck the Hide typingcheckbox.


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Select the SNMPv3 privacy protocol from the Privacydrop-down list and clickthe Change Passwordbutton next to it. The Password For Privacy Protocoldialog box appears, which has the same appearance as the Password ForAuthentication Protocol dialog box (Figure 6).

Enter the privacy password twice into the Password and the Passwordconfirmation input lines and click the OKbutton to close the Password ForPrivacy Protocol dialog box.

Tip: To see the entered characters, uncheck the Hide typingcheckbox.

5. Click the OK button at the bottom of the New/Edit SNMP Profile dialog box tocreate a new SNMP Profile and close the dialog box.


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4.2 Configuring Proxy Forward Settings for SNMP QueryingOperations

This section describes how to add, edit or remove rules for forwarding SNMP requests.A forwarding rule specifies the SNMP protocol parameters, ports and address forreceiving and forwarding SNMP requests (SNMP Get, GetNext, GetBulk, and Setrequests).

4.2.1 Adding/Editing a SNMP Query Forward Rule

1. Select the SNMP Querytab (Figure 7).

2. Click the Addbutton or select an existing rule (if any) and click the Editbutton.

Figure 7: Proxy Agent Configurator, SNMP Query tab

3. The New Forward Rule or Edit Forward Rule dialog box appears, respectively (Figure 8).

4. Into the Receive portinput line in the New/Edit Forward Rule dialog box, enter the

number of UDP port on which the proxy agent will listen for incoming SNMPrequests (SNMP Get, GetNext, GetBulk (if applicable), Set).

5. In the Receive profiledrop-down menu, select the SNMP profile whose settingsthe incoming SNMP request messages must match in order to be forwarded bythe given rule.


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Figure 8: New Forward Rule dialog box

6. In the Send Profile drop-down menu, select the SNMP profile to be used forforwarding SNMP requests. If the Receive and Send profiles are different, allincoming SNMP requests will be translated according to the Send profile SNMPprotocol settings and then forwarded to the target address. Similarly, all SNMPResponse messages received from the target address will be translated back tothe initial SNMP version according to the Receive profile settings before beingsent back to the request sender.

7. Into the Send port input line, enter the UDP port number, which the SNMPrequests will be forwarded to.

8. Into the Send Addressinput line, enter the IP address, which the SNMP requestswill be forwarded to.

9. Into the Timeout input line, enter the timeout value in seconds for forwardingSNMP requests.

10. Into the Retries input line, enter a number that designates how many times therequests will be retransmitted after the first timeout.

11. Click the OKbutton to close the New/Edit Forward Rule dialog box and create thenew forwarding rule (a new line in the SNMP Query list).

12. To apply the changes, click the Restartbutton at the bottom of the Proxy AgentConfigurator dialog box.

13. Repeat the steps 1-12 to configure additional rules for forwarding SNMP requests.

4.2.2 Removing a SNMP Query Forward Rule

1. To remove a SNMP Query forward rule select it the list in the SNMP Query taband click the Removebutton.

2. Click the Yes button in the confirmation dialog that appears to confirm the ruleremoval. The corresponding line disappears from the list of forwarding rules in the

SNMP Query tab.


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4.3 Configuring Proxy Forward Settings for SNMP Notifications

This section describes how to add, edit and remove SNMP notification forwarding

rules. A notification forwarding rule specifies the SNMP protocol parameters, ports andaddress for receiving and forwarding SNMP Trap and SNMP Inform notificationmessages.

4.3.1 Adding/Editing a SNMP Notification Forward Rule

1. Select the SNMP Notificationtab in the main window (Figure 9).

2. Click the Addbutton or select an existing rule (if any) and click the Editbutton.

Figure 9: Proxy Agent Configurator, SNMP Notification tab

3. The New Forward Rule or Edit Forward Rule dialog box appears, respectively (Figure 10).

4. Into the Receive portinput line in the New/Edit Forward Rule dialog box, enter thenumber of UDP port on which the proxy agent will listen for incoming SNMP Trapand SNMP Inform (if applicable) notification messages.

5. In the Receive profiledrop-down menu, select the SNMP profile whose settingsthe incoming SNMP notification messages must match in order to be forwarded bythe given rule.

6. In the Send Profile drop-down menu, select the SNMP profile to be used forforwarding SNMP notification messages. If the Receive and Send profiles aredifferent, all incoming SNMP Trap and Inform notification messages will betranslated to match the Send profile SNMP protocol settings and then forwarded tothe target address. Similarly, all SNMP Response to Inform messages receivedfrom the target address will be translated back to the initial SNMP versionaccording to the Receive profile settings before being sent back to the Informsender.


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Figure 10: Adding a new forward rule for SNMP notifications

7. Into the Send port input line, enter the UDP port number, which the SNMPnotifications will be forwarded to.

8. Into the Send Address input line, enter the IP address, which the SNMPnotifications will be forwarded to.

9. Into the Timeout input line, enter the timeout value in seconds for forwarding

SNMP Inform messages. Note that this setting applies only to SNMP Informmessages (Trap messages are not retransmitted).

10. Into the Retries input line, enter a number that controls how many times theSNMP Inform messages will be retransmitted after the first timeout. Note that thissetting applies only to SNMP Inform messages (Trap messages are notretransmitted).

11. To enable adding a variable binding carrying the original source address to eachforwarded SNMP notification message, check the Add source address variablebinding to PDU checkbox. If this checkbox is checked, SNMP Proxy Agentappends an additional variable binding to the variable bindings list of everyreceived SNMP notification PDU before forwarding the notification to the target

address. The name (OID) portion of this variable binding is snmpTrapAddress.0(1.3.6.1.6.3.18.1.3.0), and the value is either the value of the SNMPv1 agent-addr field(if the notification was received as SNMPv1 Trap message), or the address fromwhich SNMP Proxy Agent actually received the notification (if the notification wasreceived as SNMPv2c or SNMPv3 Trap or Inform message).

12. Click the OKbutton to close the New/Edit Forward Rule dialog box and create thenew forwarding rule (a new line in the SNMP Notification list).


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Figure 11: Several SNMP notification forwarding rules configured in SNMP Proxy Agent Configurator

13. To apply the changes, click the Restartbutton at the bottom of the Proxy AgentConfigurator dialog box.

14. Repeat the steps 1-13 to configure additional rules for forwarding SNMPnotification messages.

4.3.2 Removing a SNMP Notification Forward Rule

1. To remove a SNMP notification forward rule select it the list in the SNMP

Notification tab and click the Removebutton.

2. Click the Yes button in the confirmation dialog that appears to confirm the ruleremoval. The corresponding line disappears from the list of forwarding rules in theSNMP Notification tab.


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5 GLOSSARY

Agent snapshot

A snapshot of SNMP agent's MIB (ManagementInformation Base) represented in a tree structure.The snapshot displays all implemented objectinstances, their values and syntax.

Authentication protocolIn the context of SNMPv3 User-based SecurityModel, authentication protocol provides amechanism for ensuring SNMPv3 message integrityand origin. In other words, it provides a mechanismby which it can be reliably determined that theSNMP message has not been modified during itstransmission through the network, that the messageoriginates from the claimed party.

BookmarkA marker that identifies and saves the reference tothe selected document or place in the document.

CheckboxA GUI control used to enable or disable an option ina program. An option is enabled when an X or a tickappears in the checkbox (square box), and disabledwhen the checkbox is empty. Click inside acheckbox to enable or disable the option.

ClientThe Net Inspector Client application connects to theEngine and provides the user interface. Several

Clients can simultaneously connect to the sameEngine. In this way, one or more network operatorscan manage network remotely.

ClipboardThe operating system temporary storage area thatis used to hold cut or copied information. Theclipboard stores the information until it is pasted orreplaced by another object that has been cut orcopied.

CollapseA command that compresses hierarchical treestructures, like the MIB tree. When collapsed, only

the roots of each branch are visible. The opposite ofthe collapse is the expand command.

Columnar objectA MIB object that can have zero, one, or moreinstances and is a part of an SNMP table. In thetable each row has one instance of the columnarobject.

CommandA control that, when selected or clicked, initiates anaction in a program. Commands can be accessedeither from a menu, by using keyboard shortcuts orby clicking toolbar buttons.

Community

SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c protocols employ thecommunity-based security, where communitynames included in SNMP messages serve as theonly means of authentication. An SNMP communityis specified by a string of octets called thecommunity name or string. Typically, differentcommunity name is used for retrieval andmodification SNMP operations (regarded to as theread and write community names).

CSV formatCSV stands for Comma-Separated Values formatthat is a generic file format used for importing datainto databases or spreadsheets (e.g., into Microsoft

Access or Excel or other database systems).

Default settingsPreset options built into the program.

DesktopThe on-screen working area on which windows,icons, menus, and dialog boxes appear.

Dialog boxA GUI component similar to window that isdisplayed when additional information is needed toperform an action or command. For example, whenyou choose the Open command to open a file, theOpen dialog box appears, prompting you to specify

the desired file.

Diffie-Hellman key agreementDiffie-Hellman (DH) key ignition and key change is akey agreement algorithm used by two parties toagree on a shared secret. It is specified as arequirement for cable modems and cable modemtermination systems in the Data Over Cable ServiceInterface Specification (DOCSIS).

DOCSISDOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service InterfaceSpecification) defines interface requirements forcable modems involved in high-speed data

distribution over cable television system networks.

Drag-and-drop techniqueTo select an object and move it with the mousewhile holding down the left mouse button (accordingto Windows default settings). Releasing the buttoncompletes the action.

Drop-down listA control that allows you to select from a list of built-in options. If the list cannot accommodate allavailable options, scroll bars are provided.

EncryptTo convert plain text or data into unintelligible form

by use of a code in such manner that conversion tothe original form is possible.


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EngineThe Net Inspector Engine (server) is the programrunning on the host (server) computer. The Engineitself does not have the user interface, it runs onlyas a background service application. Monitoreddevices and services are always contacted andmanaged through the Engine. The Engine takescare of all management operations as well sendingnotifications to network operators.

EventAny significant occurrence in the managed device orservice that requires network operators to benotified, or an entry to be added to a log. Eventscontain information about: time stamp, agentaddress, manager address and community.

ExpandA command that extends hierarchical treestructures. When expanding a root node, the entire

sub tree becomes visible.

FilterA pattern through which data is passed. Only thedata that match the pattern is allowed to passthrough the filter.

FolderA named section of computer disk space used tostore and organize your documents, programs, andother files.

Graphic-objectGraphic-objects are shapes and figures used in the

MG-SOFT Net Inspector program. With graphic-objects the user can enhance a visualrepresentation of the managed network.

GridA series of evenly spaced horizontal and verticaldots that are used for drawing and arrangingobjects. For greater accuracy, you can also haveobjects snap to the grid.

GUIA Graphical User Interface to a computer. Today'smajor operating systems provide a GUI.Applications typically use the components of theGUI that come with the operating system and addtheir own GUI components. Components of a GUIinclude desktops, windows, dialog boxes, drop-down menus, buttons, scroll bars, icons, wizards,pointers, etc.

HTMLStands for Hyper Text Markup Language. This is ascripting language used for creating hypertextdocuments.

IconA picture representing a tool, service, object, file, orother program items. An item is selected by clicking,or double-clicking its icon.

Input lineA line that allows you to type in a text.

IPv6 addressIPv6 stands for Internet Protocol Version 6. IPv6has been designed to replace the current InternetProtocol Version 4, which has been so far mostwidely used for Internet communication. IPv6 fixesthe limited number of available IPv4 addresses andadds many other improvements. An example of anIPv6 address (in shorter form with omitted zeros):fe80::2c1:27ff:fe00:2d9.

Lexicographical orderA hierarchical organization of OID values used forSNMP network management by which all objectinstances are uniquely identified with the objectname and the corresponding suffix.

Management information

The information that is exchanged between anSNMP manager and SNMP agents and allows themonitoring and control of a managed device.

MapMaps are used in the Net Inspector program toenable a hierarchical presentation of the managedsystem. A map can contain map-objects (icons ofmanaged devices or managed services), graphic-objects (for example, graphical links between icons)and maps (sub maps). Maps can reflect the statusof one or more map-objects according to theselected option, and propagate the status in thehierarchy upwards.

Map-objectMap-objects are icons used in the MG-SOFT NetInspector program. Each icon added to a maprepresents a managed device or service.

MenuA list of available commands or sub-menus thatappear when you click a menu name in the MenuBar.

Menu barThe bar near the top of the application window thatcontains names of the program menus. By clicking amenu name, a list of commands used to accessvarious functions is displayed.

MIBA MIB (Management Information Base) contains adefinition of management information that can becollected and controlled by the managementapplication using the SNMP or RMON. Relatedmanagement information is defined in MIB modulesand stored in MIB files. A MIB file is usually suppliedby the vendor of an SNMP manageable device andcontains a description of the object hierarchy andobject attributes on the managed device and servesas a roadmap for managing that device.


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MIB compilationAn operation performed by MIB Compiler programthat converts (compiles) MIB files from one formatinto another. MG-SOFT MIB Compiler compiles MIBfiles written in the SMI language into the SMIDBbinary file format.

MIB expressionMIB expressions are combinations of at least oneoperand and one or more operators. Operands areOID values, whereas operators are symbols thatrepresent particular operations. In the MIBexpression "{1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16} * 8", the1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16 and 8 are operands, and * isan operator. In Query Manager, MIB expressionscalculate values that cannot be queried by using anOID, because no such OID is implemented in themonitored SNMP agent.

Net Inspector session

The Net Inspector Client Session is a lastingconnection between a Net Inspector Client andEngine, usually involving the exchange of themanagement information between the Client andthe Engine. The Layout of all desktop componentsis saved in the Session file. As you close theSession, Net Inspector saves all window positions,sizes, and other settings. When you re-open theSession at any later time, these properties will berestored.

Network operatorNetwork operator is a person who runs networkmanagement applications and performs operations

on the computer to monitor and control a device orservice.

Object instanceA MIB object instance, also called a MIB variable orSNMP variable, is a specific instance of an objectthat presents a class of management information.Each instance is identified by the identity of its class(OID value or name of the object) and by itsidentification within the class (suffix to the objectOID value or name). SNMP operations can retrieveor modify values of object instances.

OID valueObject identifier (OID) value is an ordered sequenceof non-negative numbers, usually written as asequence of numbers (sub-identifiers) separated bya dot (.). OID values uniquely identify MIB objects inMIB object instances. For example, OID valueassigned to the sysUpTime MIB object is1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.

Path nameLocation of a folder or file on your system.

PDUSee SNMP PDU

PFS moduleA proxy front-end server (PFS) module is a NetInspector's plug-in module for a managementapplication. Every PFS module contains one ormore PFS components. Each PFS componentspecifies the type of the managed device or serviceand the type of the communication protocol tomanage that device or service.

PixelsShort for picture element. Pixels are dots on acomputer or television screen that combine to forman image. Computer images are created as an arrayof pixels that have a specific color.

PollingAn operation that periodically queries a device fordata.

Polling unit

Polling unit is a basic unit of polling in the MG-SOFTQuery Manager and Net Inspector programs. Apolling unit can contain a single OID, a group ofOIDs, or a MIB expression.

Pop-up menuUse the right mouse button (according to Windowsdefault settings) to click inside a window, an objector icon. The pop-up menu that appears shows themost frequently used commands for that window,object or icon.

Privacy protocolIn the context of SNMPv3 User-based Security

Model, privacy protocol provides a mechanism thatprevents transmitted SNMPv3 messages from beingdisclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, orprocesses. This is achieved by message encryption.

QueryA users request for information from an SNMPagent or generally from any database.

Radio buttonA GUI control used to enable or disable an option.An option is enabled when a dot appears in theradio button circle, and disabled when the radiobutton is empty. Click inside a radio button to enableor disable the option. When you select one buttonall others are automatically deselected.

RMONRMON (Remote Monitoring) defines a set of SNMPMIB objects that instrument data collected on anetwork device.

Scalar objectA MIB object that has exactly one instance. Theinstance of a scalar object is always identified by thesuffix 0. An example of a scalar object is aSysUpTime object, and its only instance issysUpTime.0.


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Scope IDA scope ID identifies the network interface overwhich traffic is sent and received. The notation thatis used to specify the scope ID with an address isAddress%ScopeID.Example:fe80::280:48ff:fed7:59be%5

Sibling nodeOne of two or more nodes in a hierarchy that havethe same parent node.

SMISMI stands for Structure of ManagementInformation that defines a formal language fordescribing management information so that theinformation is retrievable and modifiable.

SMIDB fileSMIDB stands for Simple Management Information

Database. SMIDB file is a binary file containing acompiled MIB module. The file is in MG-SOFT'sproprietary format. It can be accessed from anyapplication by utilizing MG-SOFT's WinMIB API.

SnapshotSee Agent Snapshot

Snap to gridTo force a map-object to align automatically to apoint on the grid.

SNMPSNMP stands for Simple Network Management

Protocol that defines methods of communicatingbetween a manager and an agent. Currently thereare three major SNMP protocol versions: SNMPv1,SNMPv2c and SNMPv3.SNMPv1 protocol defines basic SNMP operations,which are: SNMP Get, SNMP GetNext, SNMP Setand SNMP Trap.SNMPv2c protocol introduces SNMP GetBulk andSNMP Inform operations that enhance performanceand reliability.SNMPv3 protocol introduces securityenhancements in the area of the authentication andprivacy.

SNMP agentSNMP Agent is a piece of software implemented ina managed device. SNMP agent providesinformation about the managed device and allowsthe device to be monitored and/or controlled by anetwork management application via SNMP.

SNMP GetAn SNMP operation that retrieves the value of theobject instance from an SNMP agent. It is usedwhen the manager exactly knows the instance ofthe desired management information.

SNMP GetBulkAn optimization of the GetNext operation availableonly in the SNMPv2c and SNMPv3 protocols. It isused to minimize network interactions by allowingthe agent to return large packets of informationcontaining multiple instances of objects instead ofjust one, as in case of the GetNext operation.

SNMP GetNextAn SNMP operation that retrieves the value of theobject instance that in lexicographical order followsthe OID used in request.

SNMP managerA SNMP manager is a software through which thenetwork operator performs network managementfunctions: queries agents, gets responses fromagents, sets variables in agents and acknowledgesevents.

SNMP messageThe SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)sends operation requests and responses in form ofSNMP messages. An SNMP message consists of aSNMP protocol data unit (PDU) plus additionalmessage header elements defined by the relevantspecification.

SNMP PDUSNMP PDU is a Protocol Data Unit that isencapsulated in every SNMP message and enablesexchange of management information between theSNMP manager and the agent. Each PDU containsa variable bindings list and information about the

PDU type. There are different types of SNMP PDUs,such as GetRequest-PDUs, GetNextRequest-PDU,GetBulkRequest-PDU, SetRequest-PDU,Response-PDUs, Trap-PDU, SNMPv2-Trap-PDU,InformRequest-PDU, and Report-PDU.

SNMP SetAn SNMP operation used for controlling andconfiguring managed devices by modifying values ofobject instances in SNMP agents.

SNMP Trap and Inform notificationsSNMP Trap and Inform notifications are unsolicitedreports generated by the SNMP agents. When anevent is detected in the managed system, theSNMP agent sends either a Trap or an Informnotification to the SNMP manager. If a Trapnotification is sent to a SNMP manager, a SNMPagent cannot determine whether the message wasreceived or not. On the contrary, a SNMP managerthat receives an Inform notification has toacknowledge the notification. Trap notifications areavailable in the SNMPv1, SNMPv2c and SNMPv3protocols, while the Inform notifications are availableonly in the SNMPv2c and SNMPv3 protocols.


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SNMP variableSNMP variable, also called a MIB variable, is aspecific instance of an object that presents a classof management information. SNMP operationsretrieve or modify values of variables.

SNMP WalkAn SNMP operation that is used to discover allobject instances of management informationimplemented in the SNMP agent that can beaccessed by the SNMP manager. The objectinstances are retrieved repeatedly querying anagent using the SNMP GetNext or SNMP GetBulkrequests. Each SNMP GetNext request uses theOID returned in the response to the previousGetNext request.

Status barThe Status bar is the on-line screen display area atthe bottom of the main window that shows the

status information about the ongoing operation anddescription of tasks behind the toolbar button andmenu commands when placing the mouse cursor onthe toolbar button or the menu command (withoutclicking).

Step-by-Step SNMP Walk operationA variation of the SNMP Walk operation that unlikethe 'one-step' SNMP Walk operation allowscontrolled 'instance-by-instance' traversing ofagent's MIB tree. With the Step-by-Step Walkoperation object instances in a MIB tree aretraversed manually, while in the SNMP Walkoperation the whole group of object instances is

traversed automatically without stopping.

Task barThe bar that contains the Start button and appearsby default at the bottom of the desktop. You canclick the taskbar buttons to switch between runningprograms. You can also hide the taskbar, move it tothe sides or top of the desktop, and customize it inother ways.

TimeoutAn interrupt signal a program generates after it haswaited for a certain length of time to receive aresponse to a sent request. After the timeout theprogram either repeats or cancels the query of theagent.

Title barThe bar along the top of the application window thatcontains the name of the window, the program icon,the Maximize, Minimize and Close button. Dialogboxes in MG-SOFT applications also have Title barsbut not Maximize and Minimize buttons.

ToolbarA group of buttons that provide quick access to aseries of the most common menu commands.

UDPUDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionlesstransport-level protocol that runs on top of IPprotocol and is the proffered transport protocol forSNMP. UDP is a part of TCP/IP suite of protocols.

UNC moduleA user notification carrier module (UNC) is a NetInspector's plug-in module used for forwarding themanagement information to network operators via e-mail and/or SMS. The network operators canchoose which information they want to receive byapplying appropriate filters for the UNCcomponents.

USMStands for the SNMPv3 User-based Security Model,which defines the elements of procedure forproviding SNMP message level security. Thissecurity model is based on traditional concept of a

user (identified by a username) with which securityinformation is associated.To ensure security the User-based Security Modeldescribes the use of HMAC-MD5-96 and HMAC-SHA-96 as the authentication protocols and the useof CBC-DES as the privacy protocol. For moreinformation about USM, see RFC 3414.

Variable bindingA pairing of an object instance name and itscorresponding value and syntax. A variable bindinglist is a series of variable binding entries included ina message protocol data unit (PDU).

WorkspaceThe Net Inspector workspace is maintained at theEngine side. It represents the environment formanaging the system and contains all theinformation that the Engine receives from themanaged devices.

XMLStands for Extensible Markup Language. It is aflexible way to create common information formatsand share both the format and the data on theWorld Wide Web, intranets, etc.

Documents

SNMP Proxy Agent