LIFE IN THE FUTURE(Cuc sng trong tng lai)I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)as for sh/ sill (idm) = regarding: cn nh; v phn (aici gi)x: As for the children, they were happy to spend all dayon the* beach. (V phn bn tr th chng vui dua 7(ngy Irn bi bin.)better /(l5t(r)/(v) | T]: lm cho tt hn; ci tin; ci thibound /bah/ (adj) f pred] (~ to do/ be sth): rt c khnng; chc chni2: Don't lie to her. She's bound to find out.(ng c not di b y. Chc chn b y s nhn ra)burden /-'badr/ (n) [C]: gnh nng-> burden /'badii/ (v) [T]: cht nng; nng lncentenarian /fsenti'Marian/ (n) [C]: ngi sng trm tuihoc hn trm tuiconflict /.'knAkt/ (n) [/C]: s xung t; cuc xung t-> conflict/kan'flikt/ (v) [IJ (+ with): mu thun; tri ngccontribute /kgii'fribjuTt; IlcBnlfibjffit/ (v) [I/T] (+ to/ toward):gp phn (lm iu g xy ra / gy ra iu g); ng gp'Ex: Alcohol contributes to approximately one third of alldeaths from accidents. (Ru gp phn gy ra khong113 trong s tt c cc ca t vong do tai nn.)- contribution lsmMBl (n) [G] (+ to): s ng gp;s gp phncorporation(n) [C] (abbr. Corp): cng ty lmtp oncure /lcj03(r)/ (n) [C] (+ for): phng thuc; cch cha

76 * s tay ting Anh 12

There's no cure for diabetes but the symptoms can bemanaged. (Cha c thuc cha bnh i tho dngnhng cc triu chng th c th ch ng c.)-> curable /)kj3robl/ (adj): (bnh) c th cha dccut down /^kAt *daon/ (phrv) (+ on): gim; gim btdaydream /'deidrkm/ (v) []: m mng; m mng~> daydream /'dcidrim/ (n) 10]: s m mng; mng tngho huyn~> daydreamer /'deidrmr)/ (n) [C|: ngi hay m mngdeclare /dl'klcair)/ (v) [T]: tuyn bEx: I declare this bridge open.(Ti tuyn b khnh thnh cy cu ny.)-> declaration /jCtekta'reiJn/ (n) [U/C]: s tuyn b; lituyn bdepression /dl 'pfejh/ (n) [/C]: s suy thoi; thi k suy thoi- economic depression (n): thi k suy thoi kinh tEx: The country is experiencing a severe economicdepression. (t nc ang trai qua thi k suy thoikinh t nghim trng.)- depress /dir'prcs/ (v) [T]: lm tr tr; lm nh tr; lmsuy thoidevelopment /di'vetepmaht/ (n) [C]: (s vic mi) din bindiagnostic /jdaTog'nDsfiK/ (adj): (thuc) chn on-> diagnostics /daiag'niistiks/ (pl.n) []: php chn ondomestic /dlntK/ (adj): trong nh; trong gia nh; ni a- domestic chores (pl.n): vic vt trong nh; vic nhdramatic(adj): (s thay i, s kin, v.v.) lnv bt ng; y th v hoc n tng; y kch tnhEx: After periods of renovation, Vietnam has experienceddramatic changes. (Sau thi k i mi, Vit Nam c nhng thay i ngon mc.)Unit 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE *11

optimistic /[bpti'mistik/ (adj) (+ about) = positive: lc quan> optimistically /^npti 'mistikli/ (adv): (mt cch) lc quan;yu i optimist /'optimist/ (n) [C]: ngi lc quan> optimism /'tijplirrffizarh/ (n) [U]: s lc quan; tinh thnlc quanpessimistic /1ps'rms0 (adj) (+ about): bi quan;ym th> pessimistically /pes^mistikli/ (adv): (mt cch) bi quanym th-> pessimist /'pesimist/ (n) [C]: ngi bi quanpessimism /.'pesimizani/ (n) []: s bi quan; tinh thnbi quanproviding /pra'vaTdir)/ (conj) = if; provided: nu; vi iukin lEx: You can go out to play providing (that) you finish yourhomework first. (Con c th i chi vi iu kin philm xong bi tp .)resort /ri'zo:t/ (n) [C]: khu ngh mtrun on omtn/ (phr v): s dng (mt loi nhin liulnng lng no )Ex: Most cars run on unleaded fuel.(Phn ln t chy bng xng khng ch.)run out /TDdaB (phrv): cn kit; htsecurity /s^rat/ (n) [U]: s an ton; an ninh> secure /^i'kjdoCi)/ (adj) = safe: an ton; chc chnselfish(adj)*unselfish;selfless:ch k> selfishly MiSt (adv): (mt cch) ch kselfishness OSSBS (n) []: tnh ch kspace-shuttle /Sp!fjW (n) [C]: tu con thoistop off qgBtm (phrv): dng li; ngh li; gh threat /0ret/ (n) [U/C]: s e da; li e da; mi e daunexpected /^nik'spektid/ (adj): khng ng; bt ng; gyngc nhin-> unexpectedly Anik1 spektdli/ (adv): (mt cch) bt ng;t xuturgent dpitf (adj): khn cp; gp-> urgency /*3-d3onsi/ (n) [/ sing.]: s khn cp; s cp bch- urgently /'3 d33ntli/ (adv): (mt cch) khn cp; cp bchwipe out /jwaip 'aoy(phrv) [often passive]: xa sch; trith; qut schEx: Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake.(Ton b cc ngi lng b trn ng t xa sch.)II. GRAMMAR (Ng php)Prepositions (Gii t)Gii t l t hoc nhm t thng c dng trc danht hoc i t ch s lin h gia danh t hoc it ny vi cc thnh phn khc trong cu.Gii t ch ni chn (Prepositions of place) At (; ti) c dng ni v v tr ti mt im.Ex: She waited at the bus stop for over twenty minutes.(C y i trm xe but hn 20 pht.)Unit 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE * 81

- At c dng trc tn ca nhng ni cng cng, c quantrng' hc hoc nh ca ngi no : at the airport, dTraining College, at Micks house...Ex: Paul is a student at Birmingham University.* (Paul l sinh vin i hc Birmingham.) Ta cng dng at home, at work, at school, at universitat college, at a party, at a concert, at a meeting at thfront/ back! topi bottom/ end (of sth), at the corner (fthe street).'Ex: I'll be at work until 6.30. (Ti s lm vic n tn 6gi30) In (trong, trong) c dng ni v v tr bn trdin tch rng v trong khng gian ba chiu (khi vtr I c bao quanh): in a country, in a city I town i Ivillage, in a building, in a room, in a desert in a bo IEx: When we were in France, we spent a few days in Pans I(Khi Php, chng ti c lu li Paris vi ngay.) I Ta Cng dng in bed, in hospital, in prison, in jail, inaline, in a queue, in a, row, in a book, in a newspaper in Ia picture, in the front I back (of a car), in the sky, in Ik Iworld, etc.IEx; James isn't up yet. He's still in bed.I(James cha dy. Anh y vn cn ng.)I So snh cch dng at v in:I Dng n trc tn mt quc gia, thnh ph, th trn, Ilng mc; dng at khi ngh ni ny nh mt im hoclmt trm dng trong mt hnh trnh.IEx: Sam's parents live in Nottingham.1[NOT. .-Tt- -N ottingfoam]I(Cha m Sam sng Nottingham.)iDoes this train stop at Nottingham?I[- at Nottingham station], _ Uhnris?) I(Chuyn tu ny c dng Nottingham1

arrive in England/ New York; arrive at the airport/station/ hotel... Dng at trc tn ta nh khi ni v ni s vic xyra; dng in khi ni v ngi, vt hoc s vic bn trongta nh.Ex: We had dinner at the restaurant.(Chng ti n ti nh hng.)They were sitting having dinner in the restaurant.(H ang ngi n ti trong nh hng.) On (trn, trn) c dng ni v v tr trn mtng thng (mt con ng, con sng, b bin) hoctrn mt b mt: on the A34, on the (river) Thames, onthe north coast, on the ceiling I wall, on a chair, on apage, on an island...Ex: Stratford is on the river Avon.(Stratford nm trn sng Avon.)There's a big spider on the ceiling.(C mt con nhn to trn trn.) On thng c dng ni v vic i trn cc phngtin giao thng (n a bus, on a train, on a plane, on aship, on a bike, on a motorbike, on a horse); tuy nhin,ta dng in a car v in a taxi.Ex: He's arriving on the 3.15 train.(Anh y s n trn chuyn tu 3 gi 15.)Shall we travel in your car?(Chng ta i bng xe ca anh nh)" Ta cng dng on the way, on the left I right, on the left-handiright-hand side, on the ground I firstI second/... floor,on a farm, on the railway.Ex: We stopped for a snack on the way here.(Trn ng n y chng ti c dng li n nh.)[ To (n); from (t); by (bn cnh)', beside (bn cnh)',near (gn); over (ngay trn); nder (ngay di)] aboveUnit 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE * 83

(bn trn); below (bn di)', between ( gia gighai ngi/ vt,); among ( gia - gi nhiu ngi/ vtj.behind ( ng sau); in front of ( ng trc)] opposk( i cin)-, next to (st bn), v.v.Ex: We camped beside a lake.(Chng ti cm tri bn h.)2. Prepositions of time (Gii t ch thi gian) At (vo lc) c dng khi ni v gi hoc cc thi imtrong ngy: at six o'clock, at dawn, at midnight, at suns#at lunchtime, etc.Ex: 11 meet you at 4.15. (Ti s gp anh lc 4gl5) At c dng ni v cc k l hi, k ngh cui tunk ngh gia kha, V.V.: at Christmas, at New Year atEaster, at Thanksgiving, at the weekend, at weekendsat half-term.Ex: Do you give each other presents at Christmas?(Vo l Ging sinh cc bn c tng qu cho nhau khng)But: Come and see us on Christmas Day.(n thm chng ti vo ngy Ging sinh nh.) Ta cng dng at night, at present, at the moment, at thesame time, at first, at the beginning (of), at the end (of),at 161 at the age of 16.Ex: I'm going away at the end of January.(Cui thng Ging ti s i.)spring, in the 1990s, in the 15th century, in theEx: I work best in the morning.(Bui sng ti lm vic hiu qu nhai.)But: See you on Monday morning.(Hn gp anh vo sang th Hal) Ta cng dng in a moment, in a few minutes, in threedays, in a week, in six months' time, in the present Ipastl future.Ex: I'll meet you again in a month's time.(Mt thng na ti s gp li anh.) On (vo; vo lc) c dng khi ni v cc ngy trongtun, ngy thng trong nm, mt ngy c bit hoccc bui trong ngy c th: on Monday, on Sundays, onthe twentieth of July, on June 21st, on 12 April 2003,on my birthday, on his wedding anniversary, on NewYear's Eve, on Sunday morning.Ex: My birthday's on April 1st.(Sinh nht ca ti vo ngy 1 thng 4.)What are you doing on Easter Monday?(Anh s lm g vo th Hai Phc sinh V For (trong) c dng ch khong thi gian: for twohours, for a week, for the next ten days, for years, for along time, for ages Since (t, t khi) c dng ch mc thi gian: sinceTuesday, since 1987, since six oclock, since April, sincebreakfast, since Christmas During (sut, trong); from...to/till/ untill (t...n/ ntn); by (vo lc, trc)] before (trc); after (sau); etc.Ex: By eleven o'clock, Brody was back in his office.[- at/ before Ho'clock](n 11 gi th Brody quay li vn phng.)3. Prepositions of direction (Gii t ch phng hng)To (n, ti); from (t); from...to (t...n); across (qua,ngang qua), along (dc theo); into (vo, vo trong)] outof (ra /iJ; toward/ towards (v hng)] up (ln); down(xung); through (qua, xuyn qua); round (quanh; vngQuanh)...Unit 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE * 85

After weeks of looking, we eventually bought a foubedroom house. (Sau nhiu tun tm kim, cui cichng ti mua mt ngi nh c 4 phng ng.)-> ngi nghe cha tng bit v ngi nh A an c dng khi ni v ngi/ vt bt k ca mt loaiEx: A doctor must like people. (= any doctor)(Bc s phi thng ngi.)I'd like to live in an old house. (= any old house)(Ti thch sng trong mt ngi nh c.) AI an c th c dng khi chng ta phn loi hoc xcnh ngi/ vt - ni ngi/ vt thuc loi no, ngi lm ngh g hoc vt c dng lm g.Ex: She is a dentist. (C y l nha s.)[NOT She73 dentist-;]The play was a comedy. (V kch l hi kch.)I used my shoe as a hammer.(Ti dng chic giy lm ba.) AI an thng c dng trc tnh t + danh t mt ngi hoc vt.Ex: His son is a sensitive child.(Con trai anh y l mt a b nhy cm.)It was a really beautiful house.( l mt ngi nh rt p.)2. Definite articles (Mo t xc nh): theMo t xc nh the c dng trc danh t (m cv khng m c)> ch ngi/ vt xc nh hoc c cp n trc - ngi nghe bit (hoc c thhiu) ngi ni ang ni v ngi no/ vt no.Ex: She arrived on the 8.15 train.(C y n trn chuyn tu 8 gi 15.)- xc nh chuyn tuI've been to the doctor. (Ti i bc s ri)-> ngi nghe bit bc s no: bc s ti thng i kfcaIloo ^ Cj*ltr Hnrr Amll 10

We have bought a house in Wales. The house is in anagricultural area....(Chng ti mua mt ngi nh Wales. Ngi nhnm trong khu t nng nghip...)- ngi nh c cp ln th hai_ The c dng khi danh t c xc nh bng mt tnht ng trc hoc mt cm t, mnh theo sau.nEx: I'll try the green shirt.1(Ti s th o smi mu xanh.)%Who's the girl over there with John?(C gi ng kia vi John ai vy?)Did Paula get the job she applied for?(Paula c nhn c vic m c y xin khng?) The c dng khi ngi/ vt m chng ta cp rrng t tnh hung no .Ex: Could you close the door, please?(Vui lng ng gip ca.)- ch c mt ci ca ang m.I'm going to the post office.(Ti s i bu in.)ngi nghe bit r bu in no: bu in ngi nithng nBut: Is there a post office near here? (= any post office)(Gn y c bu in no khng?) The c dng trc danh t ch vt gi ch c mttrn i hoc trong mi trng quanh ta: the earth, thesun, the moon, the stars, the world, the country, theenvironment, etc.) nhng khng dng the trc space(khng trung; v tr).Ex: People used to think the earth was flat.(Trc y ngi ta cho rng tri t phng.)But: There are millions of stars in space.[NOT ..-.ift-tho opaco](C hng triu v sao trong v tr.)Unit Q 1 lu TOP Pinimnr lia QQ

The + danh t m c s t (the + singular countablenoun) c th c dng, ni chung v mt loi ngvt hoc thc vt, mt loi dng c, nhc c hoc iiiymc v cc pht minh khoa hc.Ex:Mv mother's favorite flower is the rose.(M ti thch nht l hoa hng.)The computer allows us to deal with a lot of data veryquickly. (My tnh cho php chng ta x l nhiu dliu mt cch chng vnh.)Geoff plays the piano very well.(Geoff chi dng cm rt hay.) The c dng vi dng so snh nht v vi cc t first,next, last, same, only.Ex: He was the youngest. (Anh y nh tui nht)Monday is the first day of the week.(Th Hai l ngy u tun.) The c dng trc tnh t ch mt nhm ngi cth v trc tnh t ch quc tch ni v ngi camt nc.Ex: Only the rich could afford his firm's products.(Ch ngi giu mi c kh nng mua sn phm cacng ty anh ta.)The French are famous for their cooking.(Ngi Php ni ting v nu n.)^ Lu Khng dng the trc danh t s nhiu v danh t khngm dc khi ni chung v tt c mi ngi, vt hocs vic.Ex: My sister loves dogs. [= all doesl (Chi ti yu ch.)[NOTLifeis hard. (Cuc sng tht kh khn.)[NOT hc life i...]

Khng dng mo t (a, an, the) trc tn cc ba n vcc mn th thao.xi We usually have breakfast at 6.30. [NOT .-nfr/-thebreakfa3t](Chng ti thng n sng lc 6 gi 30.) 'He plays golf. [NOT ..-.the gotf](ng ay chi gon.)Tuy nhin, mo t a! an c dng trc tn cc b(n khi c tnh t ng trc hoc khi l mt ba nc bit chc mng vic g hoc cho n ai.Ex: I never eat a big dinner.(Ti khng bao gi n ti nhiu.)The wedding breakfast was held in her parents' house.(Tic ci c t chc ti nh cha m c y.) Khng dng the trc mt s danh t ch ni chn nh:hospital, church, prison, school, college, university khi cp n khi nim tng qut hoc mc ch s dngchnh ca nhng ni ny.Ex: The injured were taken to hospital. h l bnh nhn(Nhng ngi b thng c a ti bnh vin.)Dng the khi nhng ni ny c- cp n nh mtni chn c th.Ex; Jane has gone to the hospital to visit Tom(Jane n bnh vin thm Tom.) Trong ting Anh ca ngi M, the lun c dng trchospital.Ex: He spent a week in the hospital with food poisoning.(Anh y nm vin mt tun v b ng c thc phm.)

sing.]: lng mar average rainfall this month/ thp hn lng ma trung bnh)A to B): tuyn ng; l trnhiety of Australia: Hi a l[C] (also dune): cn ct; n ctTJ] (also scrub): vng t ydc dc; sn (ni)ing; dcIghng; dc thoai thoic nhn ( c)Die: vng chc; vng chi; bntable slopes.hng sn dc vng chi.)t cch) vng chc; n nh:] * instability: tnh trngI/T] (also -ise): n nh; lmEiA. iitvv L\J Z-YUIC11S Via raris.(Chng ti bay n Athens qua ng Paris.)I. GRAMMAR (Ng php)So, but, however & therefore1. Therefore & so (v th cho nn)Therefore v so c dng ni v kt qu ca mthnh ng hoc mt tnh hung. Mnh ch kt qu(result clause) c gii thiu bng so hoc thereforelun ng sau mnh chnh (main clause).Ex: There are no buses, so you'll have to walk.(Khng c xe but, v th anh s phi i b thi.)AI didn't study. Therefore he failed the test.(Al khng hc bi. V th anh y thi rt.) So cn c dng ch mc ch ca mt hnh ng.Ex: He lowered his voice so no one would hear.(Anh ta h thp ging khng ai nghe c.) Ta cng c th dng and so v and therefore niv kt qu.Ex: He speaks very little English, and so I talked to himthrough an interpreter,(Anh ta khng ni tho ting Anh, th nn ti phi nichuyn vi anh ta qua thng dch vin.)Their car was bigger and therefore (it was) morecomfortable. (Xe ca h to hn nn thoi mi hn.)

(and) as a result v (and) consequently cng c th diiwdng din t kt qu.Ex: They've increased the number of staff. Consequentlythe service is better. (H tng s lng nhn vinDo , vic phc v tt hn.)^ Lu : Therefore l trng t lin kt (conjunctiveadverb) nn c th ng nhiu v tr trong cu th haiSo l lin t (conjunction) kt ni hai mnh nn chc mt v tr duy nh't l gia hai mnh .Ex: AI didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.A1 didn't study; therefore he failed the test.A1 didn't study. He, therefore, failed the test.A1 didn't study. He failed the test, therefore.A1 didn't study, so he failed the test.2. However & but (nhng; tuy nhin)However v but c dng din t s tng phngia hai cu ni - iu c ni cu th hai tri ngcvi iu va c cp trc .Ex: Harry speaks French, but he hasn't been to France.(Harry ni ting Php, nhng anh y cha tng n Php.)They hadn't ained hard. However, they won the game.(H khng tch cc luyn tp. Tuy nhin, h thngtrn u.) But cn c dng gii thch hoc nu l do cho iuva ni.Ex: I'd like to go but Fm too busy.(Ti mun i nhng ti bn qu.)z^Nevertheless;yet; while; whereas; on the other hand cun'M th c dng din t s tng phn. Ex: He worked hard, yet he failed.(Anh y hc rt chm, th m li thi trt.)

l Lu : However l trng t lin kt (conjunctive adverb)nn c th ng nhiu v tr trong cu th hai. But llin t (conjunction) nn ch c mt v tr duy nht l gia hai mnh .Ex: They hadn't trained hard. However, they won the game.They hadn't trained hard; however they won the game.They hadn't trained hard. They, however, won the game.They hadn't trained hard. They won the game, however.They hadn't trained hard, but they won the game.

uniljivy ENDANGERED SPECIES(Cc loi c ngu c tuyt chng)I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)as many as... (idm): (s lng) n; ln nEx: As many as 500,000 people may have become infectedwith the virus. (C n 500.000 ngi c th b nhinvirt ny.)awareness /lwn3/ (n) [U/sing.] (+ of): s nhn thc-thc; s hiu bit-> aware /iw(r)/ (adj) (+ of): c thc; c kin thcbamboo /jbSm'ba:/ (n) [C/]: cy treban /Bti/ (n) [C] (+ on): lnh cm; lut cm- ban /beii/ (v) [T] = prohibit: cm; ngn cmbark (n) [U/C]: v cy'bare your teeth /racpri^B/ (idm): nhe rng; nhe nanh IEx: The dog bared its teeth and growled.I(Con ch nhe nanh gm g.)bared teeth (n): rng nhe rabenefit tenifti/ (v) [I/T] (+ from): c li; c li; c li cho- benefit /ibeni/ (n) [C/]: li; li chbiodiversity /ba!5aaLv3Ts9/ (n) []: s a dng sinhhc; h sinh thibiologist /bs&licl$s (n) [C]: nh sinh vt hc-> biology hsSMS (n) []: sinh vt hccaptivity(n)[]:tnhtrngbgiam cmEx: He was held in captivity for three years.(ng ta b giam cm 3 nm.)f civil war(n)[C/U]:nichinclone h/ (v) [T]: nhn bn v tnh

commercial /ka'rra-.JV (adj): (thuc ! dnh cho) thng micommercially /ka'ira:joli/ (adv): v phng din thngmi-> commerce /'ko'm3:s/ (n) [U]: s bun bn; thng miconservation /,ktms3'vejn/ (n) [U]: s bo tn-> conserve /k3n's3:v/ (v) [T]: bo tn; gi gncrisis /'krasis/ (n) [C/U] (p. crises): s khng hong; cuckhng hongcub /kAb/ (n) [C]: gu con; h con; co cn; s t con; v.v.decline /di'klain/ (n) [/sing.]: s gim; s st gim; sgim stdecline /dl'klain/ (v) [I]: gim; suy gim; gim stdepend on /dl'pend Dll/ (phrv) = rely on: nh; nh vo;da vo; ph thucx: The community depends on the shipping industry foxits survival. (Cng ng ny sng nh vo ngnh cngnghip ong tau.)destruction /distTAkJn/ (n) []: s ph hy; s tiu dit;s tn ph-> destroy /distroi/ (v) [T]: tn ph; ph hy; tiu ditdiversity /dai!3:soti/ (n) [/sing.]: s a dng; tnh adngdrainage /'drinidy (n) [U]: s rt nc; s tho ncdrive /draiv/ (v) [T]: khin cho; lm cho; dn; yEx: Supermarkets are driving small stores out of business.(Siu th ang y cc ca hng nh n ch ph sn.)elephant /Kelifon (n) [C]: con voienact /in'kf/ (v) [T] [often passive]: (lut) ban hnhexploitation /kspbJteiJn/ (n) [U]: s khai thcexploit /ddspbi (v) [T]: khai thcextinction /rk'stijkjn/ (n) [l]: s tuyt chng

-> extinct Mlstspl/ (adj): b tuyt chng; tuyt gingEx: Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years(Khng long b tuyt chng hng triu nam triiC.Jfarmland /raaira (n) [U]: t nng nghip; t canh fgfatal 3BB (adj): tai hi; ch t; gy cht ngifertile /MV (adj) * infertile: ph nhiu; mu mfertility /tt/ (n) [U]: s mu mfootpath /'fotpoie/ (n) [C]: ng nhglobe /gB/ (n) [sing.] (also the globe): tri t; th giigorilla /gtrl/ (n) [G]: kh tgrassland /.'grslenc/ (n) []: ng chabitat /ihbtae (n) [C/]: mi trng sng; ni sngEx: The panda's natural habitat is the bamboo forest.(Mi trng sng t nhin ca gu trc l rng tre.)hide mmt (n) [/C]: da ng vtidentify EiM (v) [T]: nhn ra; nhn bit; nhn dngidentification /fdntlfi'keijh/ (n) [C/U]: s nhn ra;s nhn dnginsect Silc# (n) [C]: cn trng; su bivory /iaivr/ (n) [U]: ng (voi)leopard(n)[C]:con bolifespan /iIMsperi/ (n) [C]: tui thlivelihood /HaivllliDd/ (n) [/sing.] = living: k sinh nhai,sinh kEx: Communities on the island depend on whaling: for theirlivelihood. (C dn trn o da vo ngh sn co v kim sng.)loss m (n) [C/: s mt; s tht bi; tn thtmake up your 'mind (idm): quyt nh.iEx: They're both beautiful -1 can't make up my in'(C hai u p - Ti khng quyt nh c-)

mantelpiece/'manttpi:*/ (n) [Cl: b l si'~-\monkey A*rtir|k/ (n) tc/h con kh >nest s (n) [Cl: ; -fnest /ries (v) [I]; lm tvmnumber /nAmb(r)/ (n) [ C] (+ of): s lng (ngi vt)panda /'5n>? (n) [C] (also giant panda): gu trcparrot /paerat/ (n) [C]: COM vtpill /fxl/ (n) [C]: vin thucpoach /paotj/ (v) [T]: sn trm; cu trmpoacher /!p30tjb(r)/ (n) [: k sn trm; k cu trmpopulation /fppjulei/n/ (n) [C]: dn spreserve /pfilz3:'v/ (v) [T] = save: gi gn; bo v; bo tnEx: The society was set up to preserve endangered speciesfrom extinction. (Hip hi c thnh lp nhm bo vcc loi c nguy c tuyt chng khi b tuyt chng.)ranger(n)[C] = forest ranger: ngi gc rng;nhn vin kim lmreserve /n^rv/ (n) [C] (BrE) (.AmE preserve): khu bo tnrhino /iramau/ (n) (pi. rhinos) = rhinoceros: con t gicrhinoceros /raiirasrs/ (n) [C] (pi rhinoceros/ rhinoceroses):con t giacselection /si lekjn/ (n) []: s chn lc;'s chn la- natural selection /^naetjral si) lekjii/ (n) [U]: s chn lct nhin: s ao thai t nhinsilverba< k / lvsbaek/ (n) [C]: kh t c trng thnhslip /li|>/ (v) [I]: trt chnsociable /OJbbl/ (adj) thn thin; d gn; ha ngEx: She IS a sociable child who'll talk to anyone.(C b l mt a tr thn thin d bt chuyn.)sub- /E (prefix): di; cn; nh hn- sub-adult /^bLgal/ (adj): cha trng thnhUnit 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES * D

subtropical /SAb*tropikl/ (adj) (also semitropical): 'J;nhit isufficient /sa'frfnt/ (adj) * insufficient: Ex:We can only prosecute if there is sufficient evidence(Chng ta chi c th khi t khi c bng chng)sufficiently /sa'fijhtli/ (adv): (mt cch) y 'swamp /swDmp/ (n) [U/C] =. marsh: m lythreaten /'Ortn/ (v) [T]: da; e da; hm da- threat /0et/ (l) [U/C]: s e da; li e datimely /itimli/ (adj) = opportune: ng lc; kp thitortoise /Jtaitas/ (n) [C]: ra cntoxic /itDksik/ (adj): c; c hi; c cht curbanization /faibanal'zeijh/ (n) [U] (also -isation): s th haurl anized /'3:b3naizd/ (adj) (also -ised): b th haverge /v dry (n): b; ven-> to/ on the verge of (doing) sth (idm): sp; gn; sutEx: The mountain gorrila is on the verge of extinction.(Khl t nm sap bi tuyt chng.)vulnerable /tAlnsrabl/ (adj) (+ to): d b lm hi; d btn thng-> vulnerability lnrBlti/ (n) [U]: tnh cht c thb nguy hi-> vulnerably (adv): d b lm hi; d b tn thnweapon ^wepsn/ (n) [C]: khwetland />wetlind/ (n) [U/C]: vng m lyEx: The wetlands are home to a large variety of(Vng m ly l ni sinh sng ca rt nhiu loot 9vt hoang d.)- wetland (adj) [attrib]: (thuc) m yworm mm (n) [C]: con giun; con trn; con su

JX. GRAMMAR (Ng php)Rhythm (Nhp iu)|iNhp iu (rhythm) l t dng ch cch nhn ccmtit trong vn ni. Trong cu, chng ta thng nhp | imnh danh t, ng t thng, tnh t v trng t; t Inhn mnh i t, t hn nh, gii t, lin tvtrIng t.IEx: She was SURE that the BACK of the CAR had beenIDAMaged.!WALK DOWN the PATH to the END of the caN AL.;Im GOing HOME toDAY for CHRlSTmas.Modal verbs (ng t tnh thi)1. May & mightMay v might l ng t tnh thi, c dng dint iu g c th l tht hoc c kh nng xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai. Trong trng hp ny, mightkhng c ngha qu kh (dng qu kh ca may) m cngha tng t vi may.Ex: Ann may/ might know Emma's address. .(C th Ann bit a ch ca Emma.)She may/ might be here tomorrow.(C th ngy mai c y s n y.)Tuy nhin, might thng c dng ch tnh hung tc kh nng xy ra hoc t chc chn hn - khi ngi ningh rng iu g khng chc s xy ra hoc khngchc ng.Ex: Bill may lend you the money, [c hi 50%]Bill might lend you the money, [c hi 30%](C th Bill s cho anh mn tin.) May well v might well nhn mnh kh nng xy rachc chn hn.

Ex: He may well refuse.^[= It is quite likely that he will refuse.](Chc l anh ta s t chi.)May not hoc might not c dng ni iu g (5kh nng s khng xy ra.Ex: It may/ might not rain tomorrow.[= Perhaps it will not ram.](Ngy mai c th s khng c ma.)May thng khng c dng trong cu hi trc tip hi v kh nng iu g c th xy ra, nhng mightc th c dng trong li ni trang trng.Ex: Is the plane likely to be late?[NOT May the-plane be late?](C kh no my bay b tr khng?)Might you go camping?(Bn CO th i cm tri khng?)Nhng may / might c th c dng trong cu hi gin tip.Ex: Do you think you may/ might go camping?(Theo bn th bn c i cm tri c khng?)Might (dng qu kh ca may) c dng trong li nigin tip.Ex: He said he might go to Scotland. [NOT ...he may-g](Anh y ni rng c th anh y s i Scotland.)May! might + be + V-ing: din t iu g c thdang din ra.Ex: They may/ might be waiting us outside the station.[= Perhaps they are waiting us outside the station.](C l h ang i chng ta bn ngoi nh gjMay I might + have + past participle: din t iu g c th xy ra trong qu kh hoc mt iu gcth xy ra trc mt thi im trong tng lai-

Jix: Polly s very late. ~ She may have missed her train.[= It IS possible that she missed ...}(Polly n tr qu. ~ C l c y b nh tu.)By the end of this year, I might have saved some money.(n cui nm nay c th ti dnh c mt t tin.)Might + have + past participle cng c dng d ni vmt iu g c th xy ra nhng d khng xy ra.Ex: If she hadn't been so bad-tempered, I might havemarried her. (Gi nh c ta khng xu tnh n thth c l ti ci c ta ri.)Must, mustnt & needntMust c dng din dt s cn thit hoc s btbuc hin ti hoc tng lai.Ex: The plants must have plenty of sunshine.(Cy ci cn nhiu nh nng.)You must be here before eight o'clock tomorrow.(Ngy mai anh phi c mt y trc 8 gi.)Must c dng nhn mnh li khuyn v li mi.Ex: You must get up earlier and take more exercise.(Bn nn thc dy sm hn v tp th dc thngxuyn hn.)You must come and see us some time.(Lc no anh phi n thm chng ti y nh.)Must cn dc dng din t suv lunJbL0cJkt lunrng iu g rt c th l tht hoc rt c kh nngxy ra.Ex: Sam must be nearly 90 years old now.(Gi chc Sam gn 90 ri.)Mary must have a problem - she keeps crying.(Chc Mary c chuyn g - c y c khoe mi.)Must + have + past participle c dng din t schc chn v qu kh - ni rng bn hu nh chc chnflieu g xy ra.

tix: we must nave aKen me wrong road.(Hn l chng ta i nhm ng ri.) Must not/ mustnt c dng ch s cm on - ni rlm iu g l sai hoc bo ai khng c lm iu 'Ex: This book must not be removed from the library(Khng c mang quyn sch ny ra khi th vin)You mustn't drive fast. There is a speed limit here(Anh khng c chy xe nhanh. y c hn ch toe d;,jMust not cn din t li khuyn c nhn mnhEx: You mustn't leave your car unlocked. This place IS hillof thieves. (Anh khng nn m ca xe. Ni nay ry trm cp.) Need not/ neednt c dng din t s khng cnthit hin ti v tng lai.Ex: You needn't drive fast. We've plenty of time.(Anh khng cn phi chy nhanh. Chng ta c nhiuthi gian m.)You needn't work tomorrow if you don't want to.(Nu khng mun th ngy mai anh khng cn philm vic.)Need not/ needn't + have + past participle c dng ni ngi no lm iu khng cn thit.Ex: You needn't have hurried.. (L ra anh khng cn phi vi v th.)[= it was not necessary for you to hurry, but you did]We needn't have ordered so much food.(L ra chng ta khng cn gi nhiu thc n n th.) Trong cu hi, must v need c dng hi v ieum ngi nghe cho l cn thit.Ex: Must I dean all the rooms?(Ti c phi dn ht cc phng khng?)Need you have paid so much?(Anh c cn phi tr nhiu tin n th khngV S tay tina Anh 12

Unit 1 ^ BOOKS V(Sch)'II. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)\affair /a'fesCr)/ (n) [C] = love affair: chuyn tnh; chuyn v|yu ngybiography /bai'Dgrefi/ (n) [CAJ]: tiu sbiographical /bara'graefiM/ (adj): (thuc) tiu sbit /bit/ (n) [C] (especially BrE): ming; mnh; mu; phnEx: I read it, but I missed out the boring bits.(Ti c c cun , nhng ti b qua nhngsh t nhi.)chew /f:/ (v) [I]: nhai; ngm ngh; nghin ngmchew (n) [U]: s nhaicomic book /UaKmSIcBulc/ (n) [C] (also comic): truyn tranhcraft /Kra:ft/ (n) [U/C]: ngh; ngh th cng-> craft book /'kraiftbok/ (n) [C]: sch dy lm th cngdetail /'diieil/ (n) [C]: chi titdigest /i!d3s/ (v) [T] = absorb, take in: hiu thu o;lnh hi; tiu ha (nhng iu hc, nghe...)Ex: He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.(Anh ta ngng li, -ch c y nm bt thng tin.) digestion /daiM^estfsn/ (n) [/C]: s hiu thu; s lnhhi; s tiu hadip into /dip 'int/ (phrv): xem lt quaEx: It's ie kind of book you can dip into now and again.( l loi sch m thnh thong bn c th c lt qua.)distinct /di'srkt/ (adj) (+ from): ring; ring bit khc bit-> distinctly /di sttqktly/ (adv): (mt cch) ring bit; rrng; minh bchfaithful /ifi0fl/ (adj): trung thcmh; chung thy; trung thi

- faithfully /iMBffiifadv): (mt cch) trung thnh; chnh Xcfiction i'MJn/ (n) [] * non-fiction: tiu thuyt h cuhere and there (idm): nhiu ni khc nhau; yEx: Papers were scattered here and there on the floor.(Giy t vng vi khp ni trn sn,)imagine(v)[T]: tng tng; hnh dung-> imaginary MSagcpB/ (adj): o tng; khng c tht'tng tng-imagination(n)[C/U]:stngtng-tr tng tng; iu tng tngin a word (idm) (infml): ni ngn gn; ni tm liEx: In a word, the play flopped.(Ni tm li, v kch tht bi.)incredible aiKaBl/ (adj) = unbelievable: kh tin; lthng; ng kinh ngc-> incredibly /rliiabll/ (adv): tht kh tin; tht ngknh ngcknit m (v) [T]: an-> knitting(n) []: vic an; hng an lennovel SBl (n) [C]: tiu thuytmake it MMl (idm): n; n c; n kpEx: Wii blood pouring from his leg, he made it to a nearbyhouse. (Vi ci chn chy mu, anh ta lt n c nginh gn .)personality(n)[C/]: tnh cch; c tnhpick up(phrv): cm ln; nhtplot a (n) [/C]: ct chuynput down(phrv): xungresolve m (v) [T]: gii quyt (kh khn, vn , v.v)reunite SPBIB (v) [I/T] (usually passive): on t;sum hp; hp nht; lTt cho hp nht108 * S tay ting Anh 12

Ex: The children were finally reunited with their families.(Cui cng th bn tr cng c on t vi gia inh.)i,\ reunion /ri:Lju:nion/ (n) [U/C]: s sum hp; cuc hp mt'reviewer /nvju:3(rV (n) [G]: nh ph bnh (sch, phim,lkch, v.v.)*-> review /ri'vju:/ (v) [T]: vit bi ph bnh (sch, phim, v.v.)5- review /ri'vju:/ (n) [/: s ph bnh; bi ph bnhsromance /n)UtmEris/ (n) [/C]: s lng mn; mi tnh;truyn tnh cmscience fiction /{isns 'fikjn/ (n) t] (also infml sci-fi;abbr. SF): truyn khoa hc vin tngspy /spi/ (n) [C] (p. -ies): gin ip; ip vin-> spy /spli/ (v) [I]: lm gin ipswallow /'swblao/ (v) [T]: nut; c nn; (c) ngn ngutaste /tis/ (v) [T]: nm; nm tri; c qua loathriler /!0rifo(r)/ (n) [C]: truyn trinh thmunnoticed /[An'risutist/ (adj): khng b I c nhn thyhoc Ex: Elsa stood unnoticed at the edge of the crowd.(Elsa ng lng l ra m ng.)wilderness /wilns/ (n) [C usually sing.]: vng hoangvu; vng hoang dwitty /'wti/ (adj): d dm; hm hnh- wittiness /'witinas/ (n) CU]: tnh d dm- wittily /Lwitili/ (adv): (mt cch) d dm; hm hnhwizard /!wz/ (n) [C]: ph thyEx: The books chronicle the adventures of a wizard, HarryPotter, and his friends.(B sch ghi li nhng cuc phiu lu ca cu b phthy Harry Potter v cc bn cu.)

11. UrltAIVllVlAJ*, UNg php)Modals in the passive voice(Th b ng ca ng t tnh thi)The passive form can/may/must.. + be + V (past Pgjtp~^\The past-passive form can/may/must... + have been+V (pastparT)]Ex: They may shoot the antelope by mistake.- The antelope may be shot by mistake.(C l con linh dng b bn nhm.)Nobody can open the window.- The window can't be opened.(Ca s ny khng m c.)They shouldn't allow children to play in the street.Children shouldn't be allowed to play in the street.(Khng nn cho php tr con chi ngoi ng.)You had better return this book to the library before Friday.This book had better be returned to the library before Friday. (Quyn sch ny nn c tr li cho th vintrc th Su.)We have to tell Mary about our change in plans. .Mary has to be told about our change in plans.(Mary phi c thng bo v s thay i trong cc khoch ca chng ta.)They must have built this house over 200 years ago.- This house must have been built over 200 years ago.(Cn nh ny chc hn c xy cch nay hn 200 nm.)You ought to have invited Jack to the party.Jack ought to have been invited to the party.(L ra Jack phi c mi d tic.)Jimmy couldn't have told her the truth.-> She couldn't have been told the truth by Jimmy- ^(Chc hn khng phi Jimmy cho c y bit s tht-

lSTT2> water sports(Cqc mn th thao di nc)II glossary (Bng t vng)*;advance /d-.vQ/ (v) [I/T]: di chuyn v pha trc; tin; Itin bgx: The army advanced on the capital.(Qun i tin vo th .)advance /ad'varris/ (n) [C/TJ]: s tin ln; s tin bair tank /Jes(r) taegk/ (n) [C]: bnh dng khcrossbar /krDsbair/ (n) [C]: thanh ngang; x ngang (khungthnh)_\commit /ka'mit/ (v) [T]: phm (li, ti, sai m, v.v.)conduct /kndAkt/ (v) [T]: t chc; tin hnhdefensive /di'fensiv/ (adj): c tnh phng th, phng ngdefensive player (n) [C] = defender: (th thao) hu veject l$mt (v) [T] = send off: ui; ui khi; y ra;tng raEx: He was ejected for a foul on the defender.(Anh ta b ui v phm li vi hu v.)-> ejection /iiipp/ (n) [/: s ui ra; s tng raexcept /lliep/ (prep) = apart from: tr; ngoi trfin /fn/ (n) [C] = flipper: chn vt ( bi li)foul /fal/ (n) [C]: (th thao) c tri lut; c phm liHx: It was a clear foul by Wright on the goalkeeper.(C phm li ca Wright i vi th mn qu r.)->foul (v) [I/T]: (th thao) phm li; chi xufree throw QBBtBBBI (n) [C]: c nm t dogoal (n) [C]: khung thnh; cu mn; gngoal line(n)[C]:ngbinngang;vchgn

goalie IftpOfi/ (n) [C] (also goalkeeper): ngi gi g^.th thnh; th mngymnastics(n) [U]: mn th dchorizontally(adv): theo chiu ngang> horizontal /hMintl/ (adj): ngang; nm nganginterfere with '^?nfif(0/ (phrv): gy tr ngi; cntr; quy riEx: She never allows her personal feelings to interfere withher work. (C y khng bao gi cm xc ring cantr cng vic.)major MM3(0 (adj) * minor: ln; nghim trng; ch yumark /fr5E0 (v) [T]: nh du; ghi duminor /JMnSCSF/ (adj): nh; khng quan trng; th yumulti-team(adj): gm nhiu inet iS' (n) [C]: tm lioar (n) [C]: mi choopponent /SaHl (n) [C] = adversary: i th; ch thEx: Graf's opponent in today's final will be Sukova.(i thu ca Graf trong trn chung kt hm nay Sukova.)overtime(n) [U] = extra time: (th thao) thigian u thmpass /p$ (v) [I/T] (~ sth to sb): (th thao) chuyn (bng)penalize to&BBSBm (v) [T] (also -ise): pht; trng tr; trng \phtEx: He wa's penalized for tune-wasting.(Anh ta b pht v cu gi.)-> penalty[C]: hnh pht; (th thao) c pht t-> penalty box (n) [C] = penalty area: khu vc phtpublicity SBllIlS (n) []: s ch ; s quan tmpunch /pSp (v) [T]: m; thoi; thi

- punch (n) [C]: c m; c thoi|quarter /'kwD:U>r/ (n) [C]: hip (trong trn u gm 4 hip)i\range /reiruty (y) [I] (~ from to/ between.Ind): (nhit 11t m*c > i, v.v.) thay i gia hai mcIVThere were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 \to 18. (C 120 hc sinh la tui t 10 en 18.)lireferee /refa'ri:/ (n) [C]: trng tiregulator /'regjuleifa(r)/ (n) [C]: my iu ha (p sut,|lnhit , v.v.)IIrowing /Irsir)/ (n) [U]: mn cho thuyn11scuba-diving /'skuibaaivit]/ (n) [U] {also scuba) mn ln1Tc mang bnh kht rseed /si:d/ (n) [C usually pl.] (+ of): ht; ht ging; mm mng I_> sow/ plant the seeds of sth: khin cho s vic hocI rcm xc bt u v tip tc pht trin; gieo mm' Ex: Something Lucy said planted seeds O doubt in his\mind. (ieu Lucy ni gieo mm nghi ng trong uIanh y.)'spot /spot/ (n > [C]: ni; chnSprint /sprmt/ (v) [I]: bed chy ci nga... tht nhanh;bi! chay! ci nga... nc rt; lao tistage /steidy (v) [T]: t chc (mt s kin)Ex: The city of Rio de Janeiro was chosen to stage the 2016Games. (Thnh ph Rio de Janeiro c chn l nit chc Th Vn Hi 2016.)synchronized swimming /jSirjkranaizd 'swirair)/ (n) [y. mnbi ngh thuttie m (n) [C]: t s hatie (v) [I]: ngang im; ha nhauvertical /V3 tdd/ (adj) = perpendicular: thng ng; ng;theo chieu docVertical post /WlirftKrpsOst/ (n) [C]: ct dcUnit 12: WATER SPORTS *113

warm-up /fem.p/ (adj): khi ng**- warm-up exercises (pl.n) (also warm-up): bi tp kh'ngwater polo /lWD te psl/ (n) [U]: mn bng ncwetsuit /Vetsu t/ (n) [C]: qun o ln; b lnwindsurfing ^windsarfii)/ (n) [U] (also boardsailing): mnlt vn bum^ Danh t ringChicago Teachers College: Trng S Phm ChicagoWright Junior College: Trng cao ng WrightAmateur Athletic Union: Hip hi vn ng vin nghip dII. GRAMMAR (Ng php)Elision (S c nut m)Trong mt s trng hp, mt m no c pht mkhi ngi ta ni chm v r nhng li khng c phtm khi ngi ta ni nhanh. Hin tng ny gi l sc nuct m.Ex: philosophy /fi'lDsafi/ (careful speech)philosophy /fo'lDsfi/ {rapid speech)Transitive and Intransitive Verbs(Ngoi ng t v ni ng t)1. Transitive verbs (Ngoi ng t)Ngoi ng t din t hnh ng tc ng trc tipln ngi, vt hoc s vic no . Ni cch khc, ngoing t phi e tn ng trc tip (direct object) theosau. Tn ng c th l mt danh t, i t, cm danht hoc mnh .Ex: He hit the ball very hard, [direct object: the bull](nh ta qu bng tht'mnh.)1tingAnh12

Jill's behaviour annoyed me. [direct object: me](Hnh vi ca Jill khin ti bc mnh.)He enjoys working with children.(Anh y thch lm vic vi tr con.)Did you hear what he said?(Anh c nghe anh ta ni g khng?) Ngoi ng t thng lin quan n vt th (build, buy,I carry, catch, cut, destroy, give, find, hit, lend, make, own,I remove, sell, send, throw, use, wear, etc.), gic quan {feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch, etc.), cm gic {admire,I annoy, desire, enjoy, fear, frighten, hate, like, love, need, prefer, surprise, trust, want, etc.), s vic hoc tng {accept, achieve, believe, discus, expect, forget, knowtmean mention, include, remember, report, etc.) v conngi (address, blame, comfort, contact, comvince, kill,persuade, please, tease, teach, thank, warn, etc.) Mt s ngoi ng t c th c hai tn ng theo sau: tnng trc tip (direct object) v tn ng gin tip (indirectobject). Tn ng gin tip (ch ngi) thng ng trctn ng trc tip (ch vt). Khi ng sau tn ng trc tip, tn ng gin tip phi c gii thiu bng giii t to hoc for. Ex: I gave John the book.Or: I gave the book to John.! [direct object: the book; indirect object: John](Ti tng John cun sch.)We bought the children pizzas. Or: We bought pizzas for the children.[direct object: pizzas; indirect object: the children](Chng ti mua pizza cho bn tr.)f ^transitive verbs (Ni ng t)Ing t din t hnh ng, s vic khng lin quanngi, vt hay s vic no khc ngoi ch t. Ni

theo sau.Ex: She smiles. (C y mm ci.)'A strange thing happened. (Mt iu k l xy ra.)* Ni ng t thng ch s tn ti {appear, die, disappearexist, happen, live, occur, remain, vanish, etc.), c thcon ngi {ache, bleed, blush, faint, shiver, smile, etc.)ting ng do ngi gy ra (cough, cry, laugh, screamsigh, sneeze, snore, speak, yawn, etc.), nh sng, mis rung ng {glow, shine, sparkle, stink, throb, vibrateetc.), v tr v s chuyn ng {advance, arrive, comecollapse, dance, depart, fall, flourish, flow, fly, go, kneel,rain, rise, run, sit, sleep, stand, stay, swim, wait, walk,work, etc.) Mt s ni ng t c b ng theo sau. B ng nythng l tn ng ca gii t (prepositional object) chkhng phi l tn ng trc tip ca ng t.Ex: We flew past Mont Blanc.[NOT We flew-Mont Blanc.](Chng ti bay qua nh Mont Blanc.)He's crying for his mother.[NOT He's-crying his mother.](Thng b ang khc i m.) Nhng ni ng t thng c b ng:react against, appeal for, care for, hope for, pay for, sufferfrom, complain of, consist of, learn of, think of, adhereto, amount to, belong to, listen to, associate with, etc.3. Intransitive and transitive verbs (Nhng ng tva l ni ng t va l ngoi ig t)Nhi ng t va l ni ng t va l ngoi ng t.Khi l ni ng t, ng t thng co ngha khc vikhi l ngoi ng t.

x: She ran down the stairs, (run = move quickly)(C y chy xung lu.)She ran a restaurant inBoston. (run=to manage/ operate)(C y qun l mt nh hng Boston.)_ Tn ng sau ngoi ng t c th c lc b trongtrng hp ngi nghe bit hoc c th hiu ngi niang ni v iu g do tnh hung hoc v diu d c cp n trc .Ex: She eats slowly. [- eats food] (C y n chm.)But: Twice a week he eats an apple for lunch.(Mi tun hai ln, anh y n tra mt qu to.)Both dresses are beautiful. It's difficult to choose.(C hai chic m u p. Tht kh chn.)But: It took her ages to choose a new dress.(C y mt nhiu thi gian chn chic m mj^ Tm li, ch c mt s t ng t lun l ni ng t hoclun l ngoi ng t. ng t c s dng nh ngoing t hay ni ng t ty thuc vo ngi s dng.Ngi s dng c th lijf b tn ng ca ngoi ng tnu cho rng ngi c hoc ngi nghe s khng hiunhm.Unit 12: WATER SPORTS *117

(Sea Gomes 22)I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)acknowledge /ak'ntilidy (v) ET]: tha nhn; chp nhn'cng nhnI- acknowledgement /ak'nDiidiisnt/ (n) [U/C](also1acknowledgment): s cng nhn; s tha nhnaquatic /alKwtk/ (adj) [usually before noun]: (sng! mc/Ixy ra) trong ncI-> aquatic sport (n) [C]: mn th thao di ncIEx: One of the most popular aquatic sports is scuba diving!(Ln c bnh dng kh la mt trong nhng mn ththao di nc ph bin nht.)-based (suffix): ; da vo; gcwater-based (2$): (xy ra hoc sng) di ncathlete /401i;t/ (n) [C]: vn ng vin (th thao, in knh)-> athletic /BiletiR/ (adj): (thuc) in kinh; (thuc) th thao-> athletics /Biltks/ (n) [: mn in kinh; th thaoattacker /ai{lr(r)/ (n) [C] = forward; striker: (th thao)tin obar /b()/ (n) [C]: (th thao) xbe composed of sth (idm): gm c; bao gmEx: The committee was composed entirely of specialists.(Uy ban ny bao gm ton cc chuyn gia.)!bodybuilding(n) [: mn th dc th hnh;buoyant ^bSn (adj): ni trn mt nccaptain /lepm (n) [C]: (th thao) i trngcarry out /riD (phrv): thc hin; tin hnhclay M/ (n) [U]: t stI

clear /kh)(rV (v) ['!']; nhy qua; vtEx: Edwards cleared 18 feet in the pole vault.( mn nhy so, Edwards d vt qua mc 18 feet.)close /klos/ (adj) (+ to): gn; gn vi; tng ng; xp xcord /ko:d/ (n) [/C]: thng; dy thngcountiymen/'kAntriman/ (n) [C] = compatriot: ngi trongmt nc; ng bodeal / (n) [C]: s tha thun hp ngEx: They made a deal to sell the land to a property developer.(H tha thun bn mnh t ny cho cng ty phttrin bt ng sn.)defend /diifend/ (v) [I/T]: bo v (th thao) phng ng-> defender /di!fend3(r)/ (n) [C] = back: (th thao) hu vdelegation /,deli'gijn/ (n) [C]: phi on; ondissemination /dijSemi'iieiJn/ (n) [U]: s ph bien (kienthc, thng tin ...)> disseminate /di'sernineit/ (v) [T] (finl): ph bin (kinthc, thng tin ...)distribute /di 'stribjuit/ (v) [T]: phn b;phn phi; phn pht-> distribution /dT|Stn'bju:Jn/ (n) [U/C]: s phn phi; sphn phtdribble /'dribl/ (v) [I/T]: r bngEx: He dribbled past two defenders and scored a magnificentgoal. (nh y r bng qua hai hu v ri ghi mt bnthng tuyt p.)durability /jdjoars'bilati/ (n) [U]: tnh bn; tnh lu bndurable /'ajuarabl/ (adj): bn; lu bnenergetic /haldk/ (adj): (c I cn) nhiu nng lngv nhit tnh; manh me: hng hienergetically / ena d^etikli/ (adv): (mt cch) mnh m;hng hiUnit 13: THE 22m SEA GAMES * 1 19

propose /prai5z/ (v) [T]f tin c; c; xut; ngh'~> proposal /pte'paa'zl/ (n) [C/: s xut; ngh; k hooch Irank /raijk/ (v) [I/T]: xp loi; c xp loiEx: Agassi was at that time ranked sixth in the world.(Lc Agassi c xp th su trn th gii.)record llisrd/ (n) [C]: k lcroll /iOT (n) [C]: cun; cunscoreboard /skcibod/ (n) [C]: bng imslender /(islsa(r)/ (adj): mnh; mnh khnh; mng manh Isnorkelling /'.sioIkol)/ (n) [U] (AmE snorkeling): mn lnc ng th- snorkel /isn5:l/ (n) [C]: ng th (dng ln)solidarity /sSlSrS/ (n) [U] (+ with): s on kt; tnhon ktspectator /spklt(r)/ (n) [C]: ngi xem; khn gispirit sprt/ (n) [U/C]: tinh thn; tm trng; cm xc-> in high/ good spirits: (tm trng) phn chn, vui vEx; Seb was still in high spirits after winning the race.(Seb vn cn phn khch sau khi thng cuc ua.)sportsmanship /'spdlSmjnJip/ (n) [U]: tinh thn th thaostandings /snzJ (pl. n): danh sch xp hng (ch vtr ca i, cu th, v.v. trong thi u th thao)medal standings sSaip/ (pl. n): bng tng sp huyIchngstorage(n)[]:s tch ly; s tch tr; s d tr jstriker t&mmiy (n) [C] = forward: (th thao) tin otablet tbl/ (n) [C]: tm, bn, th, phin (g, ng Jtempting /templ/ (adj): hp dn; quyn r; li cunE)C That job oEer looks tempting to her.!(LI mi lm vic c v hp dn c y.)Itemptingly ppf (adv): (mt cch) hp dn; li cun122 * S tav una Anh 17

tie hz (V) [T]: buc; ct; trititle /'*taitl/ (n) [C]: danh hiu; aanti hiu v ch(fdj} (usually approving): gm nhiu loikhc nhau; a dngvolume /lvi)lju:m/ (n) [C]: quyn; tp; cun (sch); s lng lnyield /j:ia/ (v) [T]: sinh ra; mang li Danh t ringSEA Games = Southeast Asian Games: i hi Th thaong Nam ; ng Nam Vn hiII. GRAMMAR (Ng php)Double Comparison (So snh kp)1. So snh ly tin(^comparative + and + comparative )Dng so snh ly tin c dng din dt s vicng thay i theo hng tng dn hoc giam dn mtcch lin tc. ... er and ... er v more and more c dng din ts tng dn.Ex: I'm getting fatter and fatter.(Ti cng ngy cng mp ra.)Her story was more and more attractive.(Cu chuyn ca b ta cng lc cng hp dn.)[NOT ,.tmore attractive and more attractive*) Less and less c dng din t s gim dn.Ex: Fishing was growing less and less profitable.(Ngh c cng ngy cng t mang li li nhun.)2. So snh ng tin|the+^compqrotivet^jyQmpar^r^^ng so snh ng tin c dng din t s vicang cung thay i hoc bin i.

Ex: The older I get, the happier I am.(Cng ln tui ti cng thy hnh phc.)The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.(Vic cng nguy him ti cng thch.)The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.(Tri cng nng, ti cng cm thy kh chu.)The more I know him, .the less I like him.(Cng bit r anh ta, ti cng khng thch anh ta.) More c th c dng vi danh t.Ex: The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be(Dng in cng nhiu, ha n tin in cng cao.)Dng ngn ca cu trc ny c dng trong thnh ngThe more the merrier (cng ng cng vui) v trongcu trc The + comparative + the betterEx: The less luggage you have to carry the better.(Mang cng it hnh l cng tt.)

Unftl4^ INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 9(Cc t chc quc t)91! I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)adopt /tpt/ (v) [T]: chp nhn; thng qua-> adoption /^dp/n/ (li) [C/U]: s chp nhn; s thng quaadvocate l asdvkit/ (v) [T] (fmi ng h; tn thnh; ch trngEx: Extremists were openly advocating violence.(Nhng k cc oan cng khai ng h bo lcJ- advocate /ivalcat/ (n) [C]: ngi tn thnh; ngi ng hagency /'eidjsnsi/ (n) [C] (pl. -ies): t chc; c quan; s; hng\ aid /fd/ (n) [U]: s gip ; s vin tr; s cu tr\ - medical aid /'medikl eid/ (n) [U]: s cu tr y t\- aid /d/ (v) [I/T] (fml)\ gip; gip I appal h p5T/ (v) [T] (AmE appall) = horrify: gy kh chu;I lm kinh s; gy sng st, bng hongI -> appalled /slp5:ld/ (adj) (+ at/ by): chong vng; bng:hong; kh chuappeal SSSM (v) [I] (~ to sb/ for sth):ku giIEx: They appealed for more money toaid the homeless,(H ku gi quyn thm tin gip nhng ngivgiac.)- appeal (n) [U/C]: s ku gi; li ku giattainment /ateinmant/ (n) [U/C] (fml): s tc;s1 t ti; thnh tu-> attain /1 teii/ (v) [T] (fml): t c; t ti\catastrophe Khxtr/ (n) [C] = disaster: taing;taiI ha; thm hai -> catastrophic /,lcaet3 trak/ (adj) = disastrous: thm:khc; th thmIUnit14: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS * 1 9.R

civilian /s'vilioti/ (n) [C: thng dnEx: Many innocent civilians were killed during the war(Nhiu thng dn v ti b st hi trong chin tranh.) civilian /salvilin/ (adj): (thuc) thng dncross /krns/ (11) C|: hnh ch thp the Red Cross /a'rd krns/ (n) I sing. |: Hi ch thp colony /'kubm/ (n) |Oj: thuc aconforoncc /..knnorns/ (l) l(M: h nghconstitution / krmsti'rj:jw (n) O|: hin phpconvention /kn*venjw (n) ro I = treaty: hip nh; hip cFv This is forbidden utuier tho European Convention onHuman Rights. (Thco Hip nh Nhn quyn chu uth iiu ny b cm.)crescent /.kresnt/ (n UM: hnh li lim-> tho Red Crescent /to red 1 kresnt/ (n) sing.]: T chcli Hm d (Hi ch thp ca cc nc Hi gio)dedicated /'ekem/ (adj) (+ to) = committed: tn ty;tn tmdedicate /'eiket/ (v) IT] (+ to) = devote: cng hin;hn dn*dedication /rdedikeTjh/ (n) [UJ: s cng hin; s hin dngdelegate /'eligat/ (n) [C]: i biu; ngi din--> official delegate (n) [C]: i din chnh thcdevote Ml*vaut/ (v [T] (+ to) = dedicate: hin dng; cnghn; dnh ht cho-> devoted /dilv (adj) (-1- to): ht lng; tn tm; nhitnh: cig hin cho; dnh cho\: Her life was devoted to the humanitarian cause. B y cng hin c cuc i cho s nghip tihi o.)disaster-stricken Ms'zaust 'strikn/ (adj): b thin tai

tn pha

thin tai aster"str^en (pl. n): nhng ngi gnh chuen*T!ftT]: * h^ bt tun theoepidemic/jfgpiUiemk/ (n) [C]: bnh dch,-> epidemic (adj) [attrib]; lan truyn nh bnh dch(amine /Ifiemin/ (n) [U/C]: nn i; s khan himfederation /jfedd'reijn/ (n) [C]: lin onfound /faonc/ (v) [T] = establish: thnh lp; thit lp_> foundation /faundeifn/ (n) [U]: s thnh lp; s thit lp]^: The organization has grown enormously since itsfoundation in 1955. (T khi c thnh lp vo nm1955 n nay t chc ny ln mnh ln rt nhiu.)head office /,hed 'ofis/ (n) [C]: vn phng chnh; tr schnh (ca cng ty)headquarters /^hed'kwDitaz/ (n) [C] (pi headquarters)(abbr. HQ): s ch huy; tr s chnh (ca mt cng tyln hoc mt t chc)hesitation /yKzi)tJh/ (n) [/C]: s chn chu s do d-> hesitate /!hzteit/ (v) [1]: do d; ngp ngng; lng lhumanitarian /Kj|STeii-triri/ (adj) [attrib]; nhn oEx: Many countries have sent humanitarian aid to theearthquake victims. (Nhiu quc gia vin tr nhno gip cc nn nhn trong trn ng t)-> humanitarian (n) [G]: ngi theo ch ngha nhn ohumanitarianism /hJ^T0Stewi9niz3m/ (n) [U]: chngha nhn oimpartial /mpop/ (adj) = fair; unbiased: cng bng;khng thin v; v t^ impartially Mpspp (adv): (mt cch) cng bng; tm place(idm):ng v tr; ng ch; sn sngdepen;chiim(mtblow out: dp tat; thi ttblow up: ph hy (bng bom, thuc n)break down: (my) h; hngbreak into: t nhp vobreak out: bng n; bng phtbreak up: kt thc (nm hc, kha hc,...)bring up (= raise): nui nng; dy dcall off (= cancel): hy bcall on (= visit): thm; thm vingcarry on (= continue): tip tccarry out (= execute): tin hnh; thc hincatch up/ catch up with: bt kpclear up (= tidy): dn dpcome/ run across: tnh c gp (ai); tnh c thy (ci g)come up: xy rcool off: (nhit tnh) ngui lnh i; gim icut down/ back (on) (= reduce): gim btcut off: ngng cung cp; ct tfall behind: tht li; tt li ng saufill in: in vo; ghi voget off: xung (xe, tu, my bay, V.V.); khi hnhget on: ln (xe, tu, my bay, v.v)get over: vt qua; khc phc; khi (bnh)get up: thc dygive in: nhng b; chu thuagive up (= stop): bo; t bgo away: b i ri i; (cn au, vn ,..) bin mt, tan i r. vo; i voUnit 14". INTERNATIONAL ORGRNi7vnmic * 133

(thc n) n, thi; (n) tt; (my mc) hgo on (= continue): tip tcgo out: i ra ngoi; i chi; (nh sng, la, n) ttgo over (= examine): xem xt; kim tragrow up: ln ln; trng thnhhand in (= submit): np; trnhhold up: ngng (= stop); hon li (= delay)hurry up: lm gpkeep on (= continue): tip tckeep Up (with): theo kplet down: lm tht vnglie down: nm nghlook after (= take care of): chm sc; trng nomlook down on/ upon: coi thng; coi-khinhlook forward to: mong i; mong chlook into (= investigate): iu tralook up: tm; tra cu (trong sch, t in...)look up to: coi trng; knh trng; ngng mpick up: n (bng xe)put off (= delay; postpone): hon liput on: mc 0qun o); mang (giy); i (m); m (nhoc cc thit b in), tng (cn)put out (= extinguish): tt (n); dp tt (la)put up (= erect): dng; xy dngput up with: chu ngrun into: tnh c gp (ai)run out (of): ht; cn kitsee off: tin (ai)set offl out: khi hnhS tay ting Arih 2

set up (= establish): thnh lp; thit lpshow up (= arrive): denspeak up: ni to hn; ni thngstand for (= represent): i din cho; tng trng chostay n: lu li (thm mt thi gian)take after (= resemble): gingtake off: ci (qun o; giy; m {my bay) ct cnhtalk over (= discuss): tho lun; bn bcthink over (= consider): suy ngh k; cn nhctry out (= test): kim tra; thtry on: mc th 0qun o)turn down (= refuse): t chiturn off: tt; kha (n, my mc, ng c, bp gasturn on: m; bt (n; my mc; ng c; bp gas ...)turn round: quay liturn up: n (= arrive); xut hin (= appear)turn up/ down: tng/ gim (m ng, nhit , .v.)wait up (for sb): thc i (ai)wash up: ra bt awatch out: phng; ch ; coi chngwear out: lm mn; lm rch; lm kit scwork out (= calculate): tnh ton

VA***. Wiiiun All tfUUlM I I(a v x hi CQ ph n)I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)accord h k d/ (v) [T] (fml) (~ sth to sb/ sth): cho; bancho: gan chobasis /'beisis/ (n) [sing.]: l do (ti sao iu g c lm)- on the basis of sth: v l do; bi vEx: Women should not be discriminated against on thebasis of their sex.(Khng nn phan biet oi x vi ph n v l do gii tnh.)belief/bi'lif/ (n) [/C]: s tm tng; nim tin; quan nimcultural belief 1 lcXltbraLbihf/ (n) [C usually pl.]: quannim van hachildbearing /itJMdbeanrj/ (n) []: s sinh civilization /[slariTSn/ (n) []: nn vn minh- human civilization (n) [U]: nn vn minh nhn loi- civilize lvSIi2? (v) [T]: khai ha; gio hadeep-seated [tyTskJ (adj) = deep-rooted: n su; btr; thm cn c deep-seated cultural belief (n) [C usually pl.]: quannim vn ha n su vo tim thcdeny jffillif (v) [T]: khng tha nhn; ph nhn-> deny sth to sb/ deny sb sth: t chi khng cho phpai c hoc lm iu gEx: She could deny her son nothing.(B y khng th t chi con trai iu g.)dependent(adj)(+on/ upon): ph thuc; lthuc; ty thuc-> financially dependent: ph thuc v ti chnhf* s tay ting Anh 12

discriminate /aiSlcrimm, (v) m (+ against): phn biti xEx: Under federal law, it is illegal to discriminate againstminorities and women.(Theo lut lin bang, phn bit i x vi ph n vngi dn tc thiu s l phm php.)discrimination /di|Skrimi'neiJn/ (n) [U]: s phn biti xdiscriminatory /dtlsknmmgtori/ (adj): khng cng bng;c s phn bit i xenlighten /in'laitri/ (v) [T]: lm sng t; khai sng^ enlightenment /inllaitnmsnt/ (n) [U]: tnh trng csng t; s khai sng_> the Age of Enlightenment (n): Thi i khai sngfamilial iifanilii]/ (adj): ml) (thuc) gia nhformal 1$ (adj): trang trng; chnh thc; chnh quy-> formal education/ training: o to chnh quyhold up /fol&:JXp7 (phrv): ; chng Ex: "Women hold up half the sky." - Chinese proverb.(Ph n chng na bu tri. - tc ng Trung hoa.)homemaking hmik/ (n) [U]: vic chm sc gia nh;cng vic ni tr-homemaker #Ji3meik3(r)/ (n) [C]: ngi nh lm ni trintellectual Ifnflektju3l/ (adj) = mental: {thuc) tr tu;(thuc) tr c; -> intellectual ability ^jinte^ektjual a'bilsti/ (n) nng lctr tu; tr thng minhI involvement /LDvtSh/ (n) [U] = participation: s; tham giainvolve tivTv (v) [T]: yu cu hoc cho php ai tham i vo (vic g)

look down upon (phrv): coi thng; khinh rlose touch/ contact (with sb/ sth) (idm): mt lin lc (u-ail ci g)neglect /nitglekt/ (v) [T]: l l; xao nhng; b bEx: What do you think of a woman who neglects her children?(Bn ngh g v ngi ph n b b con ci?)nonsense /nDnsns/ (n) [U] = rubbish: (li ni, tngv.v.) v l; by b, nhm nh; (hnh ng) ngu ngcodd /fd/ (adj): k l; k quion the whole (idm): ni chung; nhn chungphilosopher /llDsCr)/ (n) [: nh trit hc; trit gia-> philosophy /fiis5fi/ (n) [/C]: trit hc; trit lpioneer /piilOr)/ (n) [C]: ngi tin phong; ngi i u-> pioneer /'paiairnaCr)/ (v) [T]: l ngi u tin lm iug; l ngi i tin phongpower/!pss()/ (n) [C/U]: sc mnh; quyn hnh; quyn lcrearingtiMS (n) [U]: vic nui dy con ci; vic chn nui- rear (v) [T] = raise: nui; nui nng; nui dyresentful yHnfl/ (adj) (+ of/ at/ about): cm thy phnut; bc bi; bc tc-> resentfully M^fl/ (adv): y phn ut; bc bi; bc tcrespectively(adv):theothttrc sau (caiu va c cp); ln ltEx: The cups and saucers cost 5 and 3 respectively.(Tch v a lt c gi ln lt l 5 bng v 3 bng.)-> respective /S3pffi0 (adj): (thuc) tng c th; ring;tng ngright tmi (n) [C/]: quyn; quyn lirole /mu (n) [C]: vai (din); vai tr> natural role ^IE)SBIkIIjI/ (n): vai tr t nhin thinchc

un /rvi/ (v) [ r]; iu hnh; qun l; trng nom~f_run, aJl0me: trn nom ia n-hslave /sleiv/ (n) [C]; M slave /liv/ (v) [I: lm vic nh n l; lm qun qutstatus /-'sTts/ (n) [U/C usually sing.]: tinh. trng; a vthanh th-> marital status /fmaeritsi 'stitas/ (n) [U]: tnh, trng hnftMn!x: What is your marital status? [= Are you married or not?)(Tnh trng hn nhn ca anh th no? I Anh kthn cha?)temper /itmpsCr)/ (n) [C]: tnh kh; tm trng-> lose/ keep your temper (with sb) (idm)'. mt bnh tnh gi c bnh tnhthinker erpiao/ (n) [: nh t tngEx: Einstein was one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th.ccntury. (Einstein l Tit trong Tihung nho, tu tung VIi nht th k 20.) throughout /0fu* 'V (prep/ adv): khp ni; sut; trong suttypical pikl/ (adj): tiu biu; in hnh; c trngtypically /tipikli/ (adv): (mt cch) tiu biu; c thwidespread jHwafspfr/ (adj): (tn ti I xy ra) rng khp;ph binEx: The storm caused widespread damage.(Cn bo gy thit hi trn din rng.)II. GRAMMAR (Ng php)Phrasal verbs (Cm ng t)'Verb + preposition (ng t + gii t)accuse sb of sth: buc ti ai lm g: asree with sb/ sth: ng vi ai/ leu g

apologize to sb // for sth: xin li ai; xin li v iu gapply to sb // for sth: np (n) cho ai; np n xin lm gapprove/ disapprove of: tn thnh/ khng tn thnhargue with sb // about/ over sth: ci nhau vi ai; tranhci v iu garrive at/ in: nask (sb) for sth: yu cu (ai) iu gbelieve in sb/ sth: tin ai i iu gbelong to sb/ sth: thuc v ai/ ci gblame sb for sth/ blame sth on sb: li; khin trch aiv vic gcare for sb/ sth: chm sc, trng nom (ai); quan tm nthch (ci g)concentrate on sth: tp trung vo vic gcongratulate sb on sth: chc mng ai v vic gcomplain to sb // abou of sth: phn nn vi ai; thanphin v iu gdepend onJ upon sb/ sth: ph thuc vo ail ci gdie ofy-from: cht v (bnh, ung th, b i, v.u.)divide into: chia thnhdo sth about sth: lm iu g ci thin vic gdream Q/ about sth: m tng; tng tng iu gexplain sth to sb: gii thch iu g vi aiforgive (sb) for sth: tha th (cho ai) v vic gglance at sb/ sth: lic nhn ai ci giear about/ of sth: nghe ni v iu ginsist 0n/ upon sth: khng khng; c ni v iu ginvite (sb) to: mi (ai) tilaugh at sW 8th (= tease): ci nho; ch giu ail c& &leave ... for; ri... il enS tay ting Anh 12

listen to sb/ sth: nghe ai / iu glive on/ upon sth: sng nh vo; sng bnglook at sb/ sth: nhn; ngm ai / ci g'look for sb/ sth (= try to find): tm kim ai ci gpay for: tr tin; thanh tonpoint sth at sb/ sth: cha ci g vo ai ci gprevent sb/ sth from sth: ngn khng cho ai lm iug' ngn khng cho iu g xy raprovide sb with sth: cung cp ci g cho airemind sb of sb/ sth: lm ai nh v ai I ci gsearch for sb/ sth (= look for): tm kim ai / ci gshout at sb: la mng; qut tho aispeak to/ with sb // about sth: ni vi ai; ni v iu gspend sth on sth: dng ci g (tin, thi gian, v.v.) choci g/ vo vic gstare at sb/ sth: nhn chm chm vo ai I ci gsucceed in (doing) sth: thnh cng trong vic gsuffer from: chu ng b ci g (bnh, au nhc, aubun, v.v.)talk to/ with sb // about sth: ni vi ai; ni v iu gthank (sb) for sth: cm n (ai) v iu gthink about/ of sb/ sth: ngh n ai / ci g; d tnh iu gthrow sth at sb/ sth // to sb: nm ci g vo ai ci g;nm ci g cho aiwait for sb/ sth: i ai n; i iu g xy rawrite to sb: vit th gi cho ai

SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS(Hip hi cc quc .gia ng Nam )I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)accelerate /kielt/ (v) [I/TJ: thc y; y nhanh- acceleration /akjSelaifeiJfl/ (n) [/sing.] s thc yaccount for /kn?fSf/ (phrv): chim (mt lng no )Ex: Afro-Americans account for 12% of the us population.(Ngi M gc Phi chim 12% dn s nc M.)actively &kf$l/ (adv): (mt cch) tch cc; hng hi-> active ltv/ (adj): tch cc; hng hi; linh liadmit /^JnW (v) (~ sb to/ into sth): nhn vo; cho voEx: The Baltic States were admitted to the United Nationsin 1991. (Cc quc gia vng Baltic gia nhp Lin HipQuc vo nm 1991.)- admission /Slip^ (n) [U/C] (+ to): s cho vo hocc nhn voadopt /Hasp/ (v) [T]: chp thun; thng qua- adoption jiffisppf (n) [U]: s chp nhn; s thng quaaim (v) [I] (+ at/ for): c gng hoc d nh tc iu g; nhm vo- be aimed at (doing) sth (idm): nhm vo; l nhmEx: The new laws are aimed at reducing road accidents.cCc iu lut mi ny nhm gim bt tai nn ng b.)association(n)[C]:hi;hiphiBaht /Bol/ (n): ng Bt (n v tin Thi Lan)border(v)[T]:gip vi; tip gip- border mmm (n) [C]: bin giiBuddhism tea(n) [: o Pht

-> Buddhist /KdlSt/ (n) [C1: ngi theo o Ph^-?im(n) o Thin cha; cng giot,_ Catho c BM, (n) c;;s*2I^ Catholic/fcMMi/(adj): (thuc) rfcn cha gtdo , Icollaboration /k]lSb'rXn/ Cn) [u/cy. s cng tc\_> collaborate /ka'lab3ri (v) [I]: cng tccombine /kmlbin/ (v) [T/: kt hp; phi hpcombined /fm1 bria/)(adj): c'kt hp; c gp liEx What is your combined family income?(Tng thu nhp ca gia nh anh l bao nhiu)cover /IKV9(r)/ (v) [T]: gm; bao gm; bao hmChristianity ^kristi'aenati/ (n) [U]: o C cdiversify /iivsi/ (v) [I/T]: a dng haenterprise ilentopHrz/ (n) [C]: XI nghip; doanh nghip;t chc (thng mi)entity -ms& (n) [C]: thc thexclude BSBmt (v) [T] (~ sb/sth from sth): ngn chn;loi tr: tng raforestry brn/ (n) []: lm nghipforge /f (v) [F]: to dng; thit lpEx: During the 1970s, the us forged trade links with China.(Trong nhng nm 70, M thit lp quan h thngmi vi Trung Quc.)gain /gS/ (n) [C]: li thGDP(abbr) (= gross domestic product): tngsn lng quc dngeopolitical ^psBpsaffiktf (adj): (thuc) khoa a chinh tr-* geopolitics ^dTSmp&TSUEg/ (n) [U]: khoa a chnh trUnit 16: THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NKTlnue *1/10

goal /gSl (n) [C] = aim; objective: mc ch; mc tugrotto /'grotao/ (n) [C]: hang ng nh; hangHinduism /hiMu izaffio/ (n) [C]: o Hinduhospitable /hffitspitsbJ/ (adj) = welcoming: mn khch; hiukhchEx: The local people are very kind and hospitable.(Ngi dn a phng rt tt bng v hiu khch.)-> hospitality(n)[U]:lngmn khch; lnghiu khch-> hospitably (adv): hiu khch; nim nimperialism /im'pSnSIISSi (n) [U]: ch ngha qucintegration(n) [U/C]: s ha nhp; s hi nhpEx: The aim is to promote closer economic integration.(Mc tiu l thc y hn na s hi nhp kinh t.)-integrate ip (v) [T/I]: ha nhp; hi nhp; hp nhtIslam /ifI33ry (n) [U]: o Hiislet /ll (n) [C]: hn o nhjoin /pm/ (v) [T/I]: gia nhp; cng tham giajustice ^035!f (n) [U]: s cng bnglabour force miiBSSfSs/' (n) [C usually sing.] (AmE laborforce) = workforce: lc lng lao ngEx: Women now make up almost half of the U.S. labor force.(Ngy nay ph n chim gn phn na lc lng laong ca M.)labour-intensive ^TSBSltrgv/ (adj) (AmE labor intensive):(cng vic) cn nhiu nhn cnglead up to tmtxmi (phrv): (xy ra! tn ti) ngay trc;dn n; a nEx: The negotiations leading up to the contract were verytough. (Nhng cuc thng lng c c hp ngny rt gay go.)

tnh7t7n'kpl (phrv) consttute; th*h-0member 1'mrnm/ (n) [C]: thnh vin; hi vinMuslim /'.rriozlim/ (n) [C]: ngi theo o HiMuslim /'mdzlim/ (adj): (thuc) Hi gioobjective /ab'dektiv/ (n) [C] = goal: mc tiu; mc choriginal /aJid3bril/ (adj): (xy ral c) u tinIoriginal member /^ndpnl-JmernBaCr)/ (n) [C]: thnhIvin u tinIpeso ilpSs/ (n): ng Ps (n v tin Philippines)Ipredominantly /pn'dominhtl'i/ (adv): phn ln; ch yu realization /;n:'9lazijn/ (n) [U] (+ of): s hin thc ha;s thc hinEx- This victory is the realization of our dreams.(Chien thng ny bin gic m ca chng ti thnhhin thc.)realize /Jfiibltz/ (v) [T]: thc hin; thc hnhreserve /ni-zsKV/ (v) [X] (~ stli for sb/ stti) 1 danh cho dnh choRinggit trufift (n): ng Ringgit (n v tin Malaysia)salutation /ffljulteijn/ (n) [U/C] (fml): s cho; li chosocio- lSsiB/ (prefix): (thuc) x hi-> socio-economic /,sbsiaoJil,1 rrmik/ (adj): {thuc) kinht x hispectacular /speftkpaCr)/ (adj): p mt; ngon mc-> spectacularly (adv): (mt cch) p mt; ngon mcsponsor(v)[T]; ti tr; bao tr-> sponsor p!SSS9^ (n) [C]: nh ti tr; ngi bo trsponsorship fcpaS5Jp/ (n) [/C]: s ti tr; s botrV khon (tin) ti trstability tmmm (n) [U] * instability: S n nh; tnh

KHNG dng th tng lai trong mnh trng ngch thi gian. Khi mun ni v tng iai, chng ta dngth hin ti n.Ex: Let me stay here until Jeannie comes to bed.[NOT ..-will comoj(Hy ti li y cho n khi Jeannie i ng.) Th hin ti tip din c dng trong mnh trngng ch thi gian din t mt hnh ng ang dinra trong tng lai.Ex: I'll think of you when I'm lying on the beach next week(Tun ti, lc ang nm th gin trn bi bin em sngh v anh.) Th hin ti hon thnh c dng trong mnh trng ng ch thi gian d nhn mnh rng mt hnhng s c hon tt trc mt hnh ng khc trongtng lai.Ex: ril go to bed after I've finished my work.[Or: I'll go to bed after I finish my work.](Ti s i ng sau khi xong vic.) Mt s trng t thng gp trong mnh trng ngch thi gian: after (sau khi); before (trc khi); when;while; as (khi; trong khi); by the time (trc khi); since(t khi)] until/ till (cho n khi); as soon as (ngay kh,once (khi m; ngay khi; mt khi); as/ so long as (chngno m)", whenever (bt c khi no)] v.v.+ Khi mun ni hai s vic xy ra ng thi, dng mnh thi gian vi as, when hoc while, E)C We arrived when they were leaving.L/ (Chng ti n khi h ang ra v.)HUDpi khi hai s vic cng xy ra ti mt thi im.While you were reading the paper, I was working-(Ti lm vic trong khi anh c bo.)m * S tay ting Anh 12

^he wept bitterly as she told her story.^ -I C ta va k l va khc loc thm thit.)SV' _Ct ngang mt vic dangdin ra (dng th tip din cho hnh dng b ct ngang).Exl John arrived while we were watching the film.(John n khi chng ti ang xem phim.)The telephone always rings when you are having arbath. (H anh i tm in thoi li reng.)II+ Khi mun ni mt s vic xy ra trc hoc sau mt sIvic khc, dng mnh thi gian vi after, as soon as,Ibefore, once hoc when.\Ex: As soon as we get tickets, we'll send them to you.(Ngay khi nhn c v chng ti s gi cho anh.)After I had finished school, I went to America.(Sau khi hc xong ph thng ti i M.) Dng th qu kh hon thnh (past perfect) trong mnh thi gian ch s vic xy ra trc mt s vickhc trong qu kh - nhn mnh hnh ng th nhta hoan tt trc khi hnh ng th hai bt u.+ Khi mun cp n tnh hung d bt u trong qukh v tip din n mt thi im sau , dng mnh thi gian vi since hoc ever since. Dng th qu khhon thnh trong mnh chnh v th qu kh dnhoc qu kh hon thnh trong mnh thi gian.Ex: He hadn't cried since he was a boy of ten.(Thng b hng khc k t lc ln 10.)Nu tnh hung bt u trong qu kh v vn cn tipdin hin ti, dng th hin ti hon thnh mnh chnh v th qu kh n mnh thi gian.l I've known her since we were at school together(Ti quen c y t khi chng ti hc chung ]ph thng.)

Sau i t khng ngi it v cm t ch thi gian, nung t trong mnh chnh th hin ti th ng ttrong mnh sau since c chia qu kh n; numnh chnh, qu kh th mnh sau since cchia qu kh hon thnh.Ex: It's a long time since I wrote to him.(Lu lm ri ti khng vit th cho anh y.)It was nearly seven years since rd seen Toby.( gn 7 nm k t khi ti gp Toby.)+ Khi mun ni tnh hung kt thc khi no, dng mnh thi gian vi till hoc until. Dng th hin ti hocqu kh.Ex: We'll support them till they find work.(Chng ti s chu cp cho n khi h tm c vic.)I waited until the rain had stopped.(Ti i cho n khi ma tnh hn.)+ Khi mun ni rng iu g xy ra trc hoc vo mtthi im c th, dng mnh d thi gian vi by thetime hoc by which time.Ex: By the time he arrived, we had already left.(Trc khi anh ta n th chng ti i ri.)% Trong vn vit hoc trong li vn trang trng, nu chng ca mnh chnh v mnh thi gian l cngmt ngi, i khi ta c th b ch ng trong mnh thi gian v dng ng t dng phn t.Ex.1 read the book before going to bed.(Ti c sch trc khi i ng.)The car was stolen while parked in a London street.(Chic xe b ly cp khi ang ti mt con ng London.)

MC LCUnit 1HOME LIFE (i sng gia tnh)

Unit 2CULTURAL DIVERSITY (S a dng vn ha)

Unit 3WAYS OF SOCIALISING (Cc cch 9Q0 tip)

Unit 4SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

(H thng gio dc ph thng)

Unit 5HIGHER EDUCATIN (Gio dc i hc)

Unit 6FUTURE JOBS (Ngh nghip tng lai)

Unit 7ECONOMIC REFORMS (Ci cch kinh t)

Unit 8LIFE IN THE FUTURE (Cuc sng trong tnc

Unit 9DESERTS (Sa mc)

Unit 10ENDANGERED SPECIES

(Cc loi c nguv c tut chng)

Unit 11BOOKS (Sch)

Unit 12 WATER SPORTS (Cc mn th thao di nUnit 13 THE 22 SEA GAMES (Sf Gomes 22)Unit 14 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS(Cc t chc quc t)Unt 15 WOMEN IN SOCIETY (a v x hi CQ ph16 THE ASSOCIATmu

abbreviation - dng vit ttadjective - tnh tadverb - trng tAmerican English - ting Anh ca ngi Mattributive - c tnh thuc ng (ng trc danh t)British English - ting Anh ca ngi Anhcountable - (danh t) m cformal - trnh trngintransitive - ni ng tidiom - thnh nginformal - khng trnh trngnoun - danh tphrasal verb - cm ng tplural - hnh thc s nhiupredicative - c tnh v ng (ng sau h t)preposition - gii tsomebody - ngi no singular - hnh thc s tsomething - iu ci g transitive - ngoi ng tble - (danh t) khng m cvrl^cig t

glossary (Bng t vng)active /'aSKtlvy (adj): tch cc; nhanh nhn; linh liattempt /itnp (n) [C/U]: s c gng; n lcEx: Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.(Hai nh my b ng ca trong n lc ct gimchi ph.)base /bs/ (n) [C]: nn tng; c s; im tabiologist /bMdsist/ (n) [: nh sinh vt hc_> biology /bi-blgi/ (n) [U]: sinh vt hccant wait/ can hardly wait (idm): ho hc; hm h nnglngEx: The children can't wait for Christmas to come.(Bn tr ho hc mong i Ging sinh n.)caring /iMri)/ (adj) [usually before noun]: bit quan tmn ngi khc; n cn; chu ochore /tJ3CD? (n) [: viec lt vt-> household chore y^bshaoKl^ry (n): vic vt trongnh; vic nhclose-knit /klsiy (also closely-knit) (adj): (quan h)khng kht; gn bcome up BmS (phrv) = to happen: xy ra; ny sinhEx: I'm afraid something urgent has come up.(Ti e l c chuyn khn cp xy ra.)confidence(n)[]:s tin tng; s tin cy;s t tinEx: People often lose confidence when they are criticized.(Ngi ta thng mt t tin khi b ch trch.)confident(adj):tin tng; tin cy; t tinUnit 1: HOME LIFE * 5

dish /if/ (n) [CJ: mn neel A:]/ (n) [C/]: con ln; con c chnhfrankly / fraegkli/ (adv): (mt cch) thng thn; trung thc- frank /rssgk/ (adj>: thng thn; bc trc; ngay thnggive sb a hand (to do sth) (with sth/ doing sth) = help sb:gip ai (lm vic g)Ex: Can you give me a hand with the washing-up?(Bn gip ti ra bt a nh?)join hands /jdjoih 'hasndz/ (idm): cng nhau (lm vic g)'hp lc; chng tay gp scEx: They join hands to give their children a happy home.(H cung nhau em li cho con ci mt mi m gia nh.)lab tsS (n)'[C] (infml) = laboratory: phng th nghimleftover /ileftv(r)/ (n) [usually pl-]: thc n thamake for /imlcTo:(r)/ (phrv): to ra; gip to ra (mt ktqu hoc tnh hung)Ex: Constant arguing doesn't make for a happy marriage.(Ci c lin min khng to nn mt cuc hn nhnhnh phc.)mischievous /.'mistjivas/ (adj) = naughty: tinh nghch; tai Iqui; lu lnhI > mischief /mp$ (n) []: s lu lnh; tr tinh nghch I-* mischievously (adv>: (mt cch) lu lnh; tinh nghch Iobedient /^biil (adj) (+ to) ^ disobedient: bit vng 1li; d bo; ngoan ngonEx: As a child he was always obedient to his parents. 1(Hi nh anh ta lun vng li b m.)I- obedience /lbiidin^ (n) [U] (+ to): s vng li; S/tun theo-> obediently (adv): (mt cch) ngoan ngon8project /'pn)d3ek/ (n) [C]: n; d n; cng trnh I(nghin cu)B

reserve /ri'z3:v/ (v) [l/T] = book: t (mua) trc; ngk trcEx: I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.(Ti mun t bn cho ba ngi lc 8 gi.)responsibility /n,"spDns3'bI3t/ (n) [U] (+ for): trch nhimresponsible /riLspnhsaibl/ (adj) (+ for): chu trch nhim;c trch nhimsecure /sL'kjaaCr)/ (adj) * insecure: an ton; an tmEx: Workers no longer feel secure about the future.(Ngi lao ng khng cn thy an tm v tng lai na.)security /sikjur3ti/ (n) [U]: s an ton; s bo msecurely (adv): (mt cch) an ton; chc chnshift (n) [C]: ca; kpspread out /sprlt/ (phrv): ta rasupportive /siptvy (adj) (+ of): em li (cho ai) s gip, ng vin hoc cm thng; ng hEx: She was very supportive during my father's illness.(Trong thi gian cha ti b bnh, c y gip rtnhiu.)take out /tiM (phrv) [T]: ly ra; rt ratrick lM (n) [: tr la; tr bp bm-> play a trick on sb: chi x ai; chi khm aiwilling(adj) (~ to do sth): bng lng; sn lng(lm g); st sngEx: I told them I was perfectly willing to help. *(Ti cho h bit toi rt sn lng gip .)willingness /fcwlpg0 (n) [j: s sn lng; s st si.willingly (adv): (mt cch) sn lng; st sng

u.GRAMMAR (Ng php)The pronunciation of the ending -s(Cch pht m mu t -s cui t)C 3 cch pht m ui -s sau danh t s' nhiu: /s/ Lv /iz/ /s/ sau ph m v thanh (unvoiced consonants: /p/, // /0y/t/,/k/)Ex: cups /kAps/cloths /klD0s/books/boks/beliefs /bi'li.'fs/plates /pleits/ /z/ sau m nguyn m (vowels) v tt c ph m huthanh (voiced consonants: /1)/, /v/, //, //, /g/, /d/, /1/, /ro//n/, //) ngoi tr /z/, /3/, /dy.. Ex: trees /tri:z/clothes /k90z/legs /egz/potatoes /pa1 teitaoz/boys /boiz/dreams /dri:mz/chairs /tferz/knives /naivz/songs /sdijz/hills /hilz/ends /endz//iz/ sau m xut (sibilant sounds: /s/, /z/, /J7, /3/, /tj/, /dy)Ex: buses /'bASiz/crashes /'kne/rz/watches /'wDtJiz/quizzes/'kwiziz/garages /'gaera.^iz/bridges /'bnd3iz/Mt s danh t c pht m s' nhiu bt quy tc:f|Singularbath /ba:0/house /haus/mouth /mao0/path /pa:0/roof/ru:f/truth /tru:0/wreach /ri:0/outh /ju:0/Pluralbaths ^a:0s/ or /ba:5z/houses /hauziz/mouths /mau0s/ or /maodz/paths /pa:0s/ or /pa:3z/roofs /ru:fs/ or /ru:vz/truths /tru:0s/ or /tru:5z/wreaths /ri:0s/ or /ri:5z/youths /ju:0s/ or /jurSz/

! Lu : Nguyn tc ny cng c p dng pht m mu t -s-es ng cui ng t c chia vi ngiI th ba s t (wants, runs, catches) v dng s hu cchI (George's, Marks, Joe's).ITenserevision(nlith)1 The Past Simple (Th qu kh n)'PositiveSubject + verb (past tense) ^

NegativeSubject + did + not + verb (bare inf.) '

QuestionDid + subject + verb (bare inf.)...? ^

Th qu kh n c dng din t hnh ng hoc s vic xy ra ti mt thi im cth trong qu kh.Ex: We met him in Berlin two weeks ago.(Cch y hai tun chng ti gp anh ta Berlin.) hnh ng hoc s vic din ra sut mt qung thigian trong qu kh, nhng nay hon ton chm dt.Ex: Did she really work there for ten years?(C tht l c y lm vic 10 nm khng'?) thi quen hoc hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn trongqu kh, nhng khng hoc khng th xy ra hin ti.E& We often saw his dog sitting outside his house.(Trc y chng toi thng thy con ch ca anh tangi ngoi ca.) nhn thc, cm xc hoc tnh trng qu kh.Ex: I didn't enjoy the film very much.(T khng thch b phim lm.) hai hay nhiu hnh ng xy ra lin tip nhau trongqu kh.Ex: She got up when the alarm clock went off.(C y thc dy ngay khi chung bo thc reo.)Unit 1: HOME LIFE *9

He ran to the car, got in and drove off.(Anh ta chy n t, vo xe ri li i.)> Ni chung, th qu kh n l th thng c dng .ni v hnh ng hoc s vic din ra trong quchng ta dng th qu kh n nu khng c ly do c bit cn phi s dng mt th khc.l2. The Past Progressive (Th qu kh tip din):u I. T^TI./NPositive Subject was/ were + vrb-ngNegative[QuestionSubject + was/ were + not + Verb-ing\ps/ y/erTt subject. + yerb-jng.?Th qu kh tip din thng c dng din t hnh ng hoc s vic ang din ra ti mtthi im c th trong qu kh.Ex: He was watching TV at eight o'clock yesterday evening.(Lc 8 gi ti qua anh y ang xem tivi.) nhn mnh hnh ng hoc s vic din ra lin tc hoclp i lp li trong mt khong thi gian trong qu kh.Ex: They were quarrelling the whole time they were together.(Suot thi gian chung sng h ci nhau hoi.)To lose weight, I wasn't eating any sweets or biscuitsfor weeks. ( gim cn, ti khng n ko v bnhngt hng tun lin.) din t hnh ng ang din ra ti mt thi im trongqu kh th mt hnh ng qu kh khc xy n (dngth past progressive cho hnh ng ang din ra v thpast simple cho hnh ng xy ra lm gin on hnhng ).Ex: Erika dropped her bag while she Was getting into her car.I (Erika nh r ti xach kh ang bc vao xe hi.) When I arrived Tom was talking on the phone.(Khi ti n Tom ang ni chuyn in thoi.)

Khi hai hnh ng xy ra lin tip nhau, dng th quI JU1U un. x: When he saw me he put the receiver down.(Kh nhn thy ti, anh y t ng nghe xung.)_ ni v hai hoc nhiu hnh ng din ra ng thi trongqu kh.Ex: I was reading while he was skiing.(Ti c sch trong khi anh y trt tuyt)_ din t hnh ng tng xy ra lp i lp li thngxuyn khin ngi ni kh chu (vi always, constantly,continually).Ex: He was always ringing me up.(Trc y anh ta c gi cho ti sut.)Lu : Khng dng th qu kh tip din vi cc ngt ch nhn thc, tri gic hoc s hu.Ex; The fresh bread sme3. The Present Perfect (Th hin ti hon thnh)I Negative^Question tTh hin ti hon thnh c dng din t hnh ng hoc s vic va mi xy ra.Ex: Karen has just gone out. (Karen va ra ngoi.) hnh ng hoc s vic xy ra ti mt thi imkhng xc nh trong qu kh (khi ngi ni khng bithoc khng mun cp n thi gian chnh xc).ix- They haven't seen Beth recently.(Do gn y h khng gp Beth.)We've bought a new computer.(Chng ti mua my vi tnh mi.)We had three cars.

(^Positive

Bng th qu kh n din t hnh ngti mt thi im xc nh.Ex* I saw Lucy yesterday. (Hm qua ti gp Lucy.) hnh ng hoc s vic xy ra lp i lp li trong qu khv c th cn c lp li trong hin ti hoc tng laiEx: They've been to Paris three times this year.(Nm nay h n Paris ba ln.)[c th ngy no trong nm nay h s li n Paris,]This young director has made four films so far.(Cho n nay o din tr ny lm c 4 b phim.)[anh y vn tip tc lm phim.] Dng th qu kh n din t hnh ng xy ra lpi lp li trong qu kh, nhng khng hoc khng thlp li na.Ix: We went to Spain three times last year.I(Nm ngoi chng ti i Ty Ban Nha ba ln.) IAlfred Hitchcock made many films in his long career. I(Trong sut s nghip in nh lu di ca mnh, Alfred IHitchcock lm c rt nhiu phim.) hnh dng hoc s vic xy ra trong qu kh nhitogc kt qu hoc nh hng hin ti.Ex: Tom has broken his finger and is in a lot of pain.(Tom b gy ngn tay v ang rt au nhc.) Dng th qu kh n khi khng c s lin quan nhin ti.Ex: He broke his finger when he was playing cricket.(Anh y'b gy ngn tay khi ang chi crk.)~ hnh ng hoc s vic bt u trong qu kh, ko din hin ti v c kh nng tip tc tng lai.Ex: My parents have lived in Bristol for ten years.(Cha m ti sng Bristol 10 nm ri.)[hin gi h vn ang sng Bristol]?

It hasn't rained since the end of July.(T cui thng 7 n gi tri khng ma. ) Dng th qu kh n khi hnh ng chm dt.Ex: We lived in Boston for five years.(Chng ti sng Boston 5 nm.)I [gi chng ti khng cn sng Boston na]- Cc t hoc cm t thng c dng vi th hin tiI hon thnh:just, recently, lately (gn y, va mi), before (trcy)', already (ri); ever ( tng)) never (cha bao g)\for (trong khong)', since (t khi)', yet (cha); so far, upto now; up to present, until now (cho n by gi), It/This/ That is the first/ second/ third/ only/ bes worst/...Ex: Could you clean the car? ~ I've already done it.(nh ra xe nh? ~ Anh ra ri.)It's the fifth time you've asked me the same question.(y l ln th 5 anh hi ti cu hi .)

HE.2 cultural diversity(S o dng vn hci)I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)altar /'o:lto(rV (n) [C.|: bn thancestor /'ensssCr)/ (n) CJ = forebear: t tin; ng bapproval /a'prii.-vl/ (n) ft VC] * disapproval: s tn thnh-s chp thunEx: She desperately wanted to win her father's approval.(C y rt mun c cha chp thun.)-> approve /atpfurvy (v) [I/T] (+ of): chp thun; tn thnh'bng gattractiveness /tTxktvns/ (n) []: s hp dn; s quyn r- physical attractiveness (n): s hp dn v ngoi hnhbanquet /bEkvvi/ (n)[CJ: ba tic lnblessing /blesir/ Cn) [C/ sing.J: phc lnh; s may mn;li chc phc; s chp thunEx: They got married without their parents7 blessing.(Ho kt hn m khng c cha m hai bn chc phcJbride /braid/ (n) [C]: c duconcerned /kan'ssrnd/ (adj) (+ with): tm n; coi trng-> concern /kan's3:n/ (v) [T]: lm (ai) lo lng, bn tmconfide /teii'faid/ (v) [I] (+ in): chia s (chuyn ring t,su kn); tm sEx: It is important to have someone you can confide in.(Quan trng l phi c ngi bn gii by tm s-conical lknnkl/ (adj): (c) hnh nnconical leaf hat (n) [C]: nn lcontractual /fcn'tnekiji&l/ (adj) [attrib]: bng giao ko>theo hp ng; theo tha thun; theo nh c] 4- * s/ tau t-inn inVi 1 o

contract /KSn'tfaekt/ (v) [1/T]: k tha thun; k hpdng; nh c_> contract /'knkt/ (n) [C]: hp ng; giao kocounterpart /Akontpttt/ (n) [C]: bn tng ng; nging nhim; i tcEx: The us ambassador is having an informal meeting withhis German counterpart. (i s M s c cuc gpkhng chnh thc vi ngi ngmhim, c.)determine /ditairnin/' (v) [T] (fml) - establish: xc nh;xc minh_ determination /dyy3:mf'iiijn/ (n) [U/C]: s xc nh;s xc minhdiameter /dai'aemitai?)/ (n) [C]: (ton hc) ng knhdiversity /dJv3:s3ti/ (n) [U/ sing.]: tnh a dng; skhc bit-> cultural diversity (n): s a dng vn haEx: Cultural Diversity is the common heritage of mankind.(a dng vn ha l di sn chung ca nhn loi.)groom /gTORS/ (n) [C] (also bridegroom): ch rgross /greSs/ (adj) = disgusting: gm ghic; kinh tmEx: 'He ate raw fish with mustard/ 'Oh, gross!' ,(nh ta n c sng vi m tt. Oi, kinh qunkey /Kjf (adj) = very important: then cht; ch yuMaster of Ceremonies pB3eHMteSBB580 (n) (abbr.MC): ngi dn chng trnhmeatball(n)[C]: tht vinnewlywed SjMffr/ (adj) = newly wedded: va mi ci-> newlyweds /ipi^a^ (pl. n): v chng mi cinursing home(n) [C]: vin dng looblige /lBIa^ (v) [T usually passive]: bt buc; cng bch- be/ feel obliged to do sth: b buc / buc lng phi lmiu gUnit 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY * 15

Ex: Parents are obliged by law to send their children to schoo(Lut php buc cha m phi cho con ci n trng,palm /pa:m/ (n) [C] (also palm tree): cy cpartnership /'partnip/ (n) [C/]: mi quan h gia hQngi, t chc hoc quc giaEx: Marriage should be an equal partnership.(nn nhn, phi l mt mi quan h bnh ng.)precede /pn 1 d/ (v) [T]: xy ra trc; i trc; n trreject / d^ekt/ (v) [T]: khc t; t chi; bc b; loi b,-> rejection /ri'cipcfn/ (n) i/C]: s bc b; s loi b \rib /rib/ (n) [C]: gng (, nn l Jrim /rmi/ (n) [C]: vnh; mpromantic /rsu'rhtik/ (adj): lng mn; tr tnh!-> romanticism /rao'maentisizsm/ (n) [: s lng mn Isacrifice /'saeknfais/ (v) [T]: hy sinhIEx: She sacrificed her career to bring up the children. I(B y hy sinh s nghip nui dy con ci) !sacrifice /isaeknfais/ (n) [/C]: s hy sinh; vt hy sinhsignificantly /sig'nifikantli/ (adv): (mt cch) y nghmd nhn thay: quan trng; ng kI-> significant /sig nif kaii^ (adj): y ngha; quan trngIng kI-> significance ^igihrfikTris/ (n) [/C]: ngha; tm quatrngIstereo /istenu/ (n) [C] (also stereo system): my srOstrap Ls,p (n) [C]: dy (da, la, vi ...); ai; quaitray /tre in) [C]: khaytrust s (V) [T]: to; tin tdng; tin c tru t flu () [U]: lng tin ;:n ng; s tin ^x: Trust is an important issue between teenagers and theirparents, (Nim tin l vn quan trng gia thanh thiunin v cha m.)wise /warz/ (adj) ^ unwise, khn ngoan; sng sut *di dt_> wisely /'waizli/ (adv): (mt cch) khn ngoanI grammar (Ng php)The pronunciation of -ed endings(Cch pht m ui -ed)C 3 cch pht m ui -ed ca ng t c quy tc thqu kh: //, /t/ v /id//d/ sau cc ph m hu thanh (voiced consonants: /b/,/g/, /m/, /n/, /1/, /v/, /z/, //, /3/, /dy, /}/) v cc m nguynm (vowels: a, e, i, 0, u)Ex: lived /livd/failed /feild/used /ju:zd/tried /traid//t/ sau cc ph m v thanh (unvoiced consonants: /8/,/p/, /f/, /s/, /J7, /tjy, /k)Ex: stopped /stDpt/watched /wDtJt/passed /pa:st/worked /w3:kt//idJ sau /d/ vh /t/Ex: ended /endid/started /'staitid/laughed /la:ft/bathed /ba:0t/washed /wujt/landed /' laendid/excited /ik'saitid/

TensesReview of tenses (n tp th)PresentsimpleUsesDin t chn l; s tht hin nhin;hanh ng lp i lp li (thi quen);trng thi hoc tnh trng c nh hin ti.ExamplesThe world is round.Insects have six legs.He always eats a sandwich forbreakfast.We live in Spain.Presentprogressive

1 Presenti perfectti (khng nht thit ngay lc ni); tnhtrng tm thi hoc hnh ng xy raqu thng xuyn khin ngi ni khchu (vi always).Din t hnh ng va mi xy ra;hnh ng xy ra ti mt thi imkhng xc nh trong qu kh; hnhdng xy ra lp i lp li trong sut mtkhong thi gian cha kt thc; hnhdng trong qu kh c nh hng hocco 'tt qu \iin ti; bnh dng bt u''v.A-ndn Y.%xi ti.Its raining at the moment.Im learning Italian.Theyre spending a year inSpain.Hes always complaining.Shes just left.Hes written a book.Weve had four tests so far thisweek.Hes hurt his leg; he cant walkWe havent seen her in the last f e wmonths./Hes been learning English for jseveral years.\I must go and wash. Ive been |gardening.!I Present Din t hnh ng bt u trong qu/perfect / kh v ko di lin tc n hin tiI progressive hoc hnh ng va mi kt thc (ckt qu hin ti).PastI Din t hnh ng xy ra ti mtsmpleI thi im xc nh trong qu kh; hnhng tip din mt thi gian nhnggi kt thc hoc hnh ng xyra thng xuyn trong qu kh.I.ix,boHit-00 He left a few minutes ago.They earned their moneyquickly that year.Did you cook dinner everySaturday?PastprogressiveDin t hnh ng ang din ra timt thi im c th trong qu kh;hnh dng dang tip din th mt hnhdng khc xy ra hoc tnh trng tmthi trong qu kh.PastperfectDin dt hnh ng xy ra trc mtthi im c th hoc trc mt hnhng khc trong qu kh.She was driving home at 10oclock last night.I hurt myself when I was mendingmy bike.We were staying with friendsin Italy.By 10 oclock most people hadgone home.When I got to the station, the t ramhad left.

SP " ? ^ ./Q Vj '03 l 5 s-|-R.^ '% *5 x.S ^ - M J

present perfect or present perfect progressive (TLhin ti hon thnh hay hin ti hon thnh tip dinTrong mt s trng hp ta c th dng present perfecihoc present perfect progressive din t hnh ngbt u trong qu kh v vn tip din hin ti.Ex: He has worked/ has been working here since 1978.(ng y lm vic y t nm 1978.)Dng present perfect nhn mnh s hon tt hockt qu ca hnh ng; present perfect progressive nhnmnh s tip din hoc tnh lin tc ca hnh ng.Ex: I've done the accounts - here they are.(Ti lm xong bng quyt ton - y ny.)I've been doing my accounts all afternoon.(Ti lm bng quyt ton sut bui chiu.)Dng present perfect din t s lng (how much)hoc s ln (how often) ca hnh ng hon tt;present perfect progressive din t khong thi gian(how long) ca hnh ng vn ang xy ra.Ex: They've played tennis three times this week.(Tun ny h chi tennis ba ln.)They've been playing tennis since 2 o'clock.(H chi tennis t lc 2 g.)n g present perfect din t tnh trng c nh hoclu di; present perfect progressive din t tnh trngtm thi hoc trong mt thi gian ngn hn.Ex: He hasn't worked for years.(ng ta khng lm vic nhiu nm nay.)I haven't been working very well recently(Do gn y ti lm vic khng my hiu qu.)Khng dng present perfect progressive vi cc ngt ch tri gic, nhn thc v s s hu (believe, belong,have, know, like, understand,...).

E& I've known her for a long timeI1. N0T Ewbeenknowiii^ Iter,.,]IS>LtU t:d?. ca P* p'eW v past perfelprogressive cng tng t nh trn. Tuy nhin, thi m2dc dl cp khng phi hin ti m l trong quo kidx I had stayed in the hotel twice in the 1980s.i.(Vo nhng nm 80, ti khch sn ny 2 ln.) We' d been driving for about an hour when the engirjsuddenly stopped. (Chng ti chy c khong 10th t nhin xe b tt my.)[NOT We were-driving-for about anlioui1...] The Yuture (Th tng lai) Will I shall + infinitive c dng d cung cp (hodhi) thng tin v s vic tng lai.Ix Karen will start work next week.!(TuTi ti Karen s bt u m vic.)When win I see them? (Khi no ti s gp mt h?) I Chng ta thng dng will I shall d d on s victng lai da trn kinh nghim, quan iem, nim tih.oc thi d - ni diu bn ngh, ch.0 l, d on hoitnh ton c th s xy ra trong tng lai (khng uniwilll shall d ni v d dinh hoc k hoch),be. The weather tomorrow will be warm and sunny.(Ngy mai thi tit s m v c nng.)I'm sure you will enjoy your visit to the zoo. ^ ^(Ti chc chn bn s thch chuyn tham quan s ^ Ngoi xa will I shall cn dc dng a ra qyt' L^3-7 dang ii hoc din, t li yu cu, li deWv d da, \J ha va li mi. *^ T\\e's \e doobell. ~ I'll go.(C chung ca ka. ~ Ti s m.)vntes the aoobell. ~ I'll go.(C chung ca k. ~ Ti s mke back early, don't worry.n8 Chng ti s v sm m to. Chng ti s u sm m.)^t0 infintive c dng ni v d * S6 to? tjfejq ri , 0

x: I'm going to phone Michael tonight.(Ti nh ti nay s gi cho Michael.)What are you going to do this weekend?(Cui tun ny anh s lm g?) Be going to cn c dng d on tng lai datrn tnh hung hin ti - ni iu g s xy ra hocsp xy ra da vo nhng g chng ta nhn thy hocnghe thy hin ti.Ex: Look out! We're going to crash!(Coi chng! Chng ta sp m xe ka!) Present progressive c dng din t hnh nghoc s vic tng lai c hoch nh hoc csp xp (k hoch hoc s sp xp), nht l khi thigian v a im c cp.Ex: He's flying to Japan in August.(Thng 8 anh y s bay i Nht)We're having a party next Saturday. Can you come?(Th By ti chung ti s t chc tic. Anh n nh?)VDng present progressive (khng dng be going to) ving t go v come.Ik: What are you oing/ going to do this weekend?~ I'm going to the cinema. [NOT I'm going to-go-tT..]4 Simple present c dng din t s vic tnglai vn l mt phn trong thi gian biu, chng trnh,lch trnh, v.v.Ex: What time does the bus arrive in Seattle?(My gi xe but n Seattle?)The UN General Assembly opens in New York thismonth. (Trong thng ny i hi ng Lin hp qucs khai mc ti New York.)4 -Be about to + infinitive c dng din t s vics xy ra trong tng lai rt gn.x: Go and ask him quickly. He's about to go out.(n hi anh ta nhanh len. Anh ta sp i ra ngoi ri ka.)Unit 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY * 23

Ex: I've known her for a long time.[NOT Fve been knowing her...]^ Lu : Cch dng ca past perfect v past perfprogressive cng tng t nh tren Tuy nhin, thi c cp khng phi hin ti m l trong qu kiEx: I had stayed in the hotel twice in the 1980s.1(Vo nhng nm 80, ti khch sn ny 2 ln)We'd been driving for about an hour when the eitejsuddenly stopped. (Chng ti chy c khong !th t nhin xe b tt my.)[NOT We were driving for about an hour...] The Future (Th tng lai) Will/ shall + infinitive c dng cung cp (hohi) thng tin v s vic tng lai.Ex: Karen will start work next week.(Tun ti Karen s bt u lm vic.)When will I see them? (Khi no ti s gp mt h) I Chng ta thng dng will/ shall d on s viItng lai da tren kinh nghim, quan im, nimtiihoc thi - ni iu bn ngh, cho l, d on hotnh ton c th s xy ra trong tng lai (khng dnfwill! shall ni v d nh hoc k hoch). IEx: The weather tomorrow will be warm and sunny. !(Ngy mai thi tit s m v c nng.)I'm sure you will enjoy your visit to the zoo. ^ ;(Ti chc chn bn, s thch chuyn tham quan s tk~ Ngoi ra will I shall cn c dng a ra quyt d|ngay khi ang ni hoc din t li yu cu, li ngli de da, li ha v li mi.ix: There's the doorbell.0 +cdngni! c tTn tng led.vd*Ex: I'm going to phone Michael tonight.(Ti nh ti nay s gi cho Michael.)What are you going to do this weekend?(Cui tun ny anh s lm g?). Be going to cn c dng d on tng lai datrn tnh hung hin ti - ni iu g s xy ra hocsp xy ra da vo nhng g chng ta nhn thy hocnghe thy hin ti.Ex: Look out! We're going to crash!(Coi chng! Chng ta sp m xe ka!)Present progressive c dng din t hnh nghoc s vic tng lai c hoch nh hoc csp xp (k hoch hoc s sp xp), nht l khi thigian v a im c cp.Ex: He's flying to Japan in August.(Thng 8 anh y s bay i Nht.)We're having a party next Saturday. Can you come?(Th By ti chung ti s t chc tic. Anh n nh2.)Dng present progressive (khng dng be going to) ving t go v come.Ex: What are you doing/ going to do this weekend?~ I'm going to the cinema. [NOT Fm going to go to...]Simple present c dng d din t s vic tnglai vn l mt phn trong thi gian biu, chng trnh,lch trnh, v.v.Ex: What time does the bus arrive in Seattle?(My gi xe but n Seattle?)The UN General Assembly opens in New York thismonth. (Trong thng ny i hi ng Lin hp qucs khai mc ti New York.)Be about to + infinitive c dng din t s vics xy ra trong tng lai rt gn.Ex: Go and ask him quickly. He's about to go out(n hi anh ta nhanh len. Anh ta sp i ra ngoi ri ka.)Unit 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY * 23

(Cc cch giao tip)I. GLOSSARY (Bng t vng)"*absolute /'aebsaliKt/ (adj): tuyt i; hon ton-> absolutely (adv): (mt cch) tuyt i; hon tonapproach /alpro// (v) [I/T]: n gn; li gn; tip cnEx: As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstair(Khi engan ngi nh ti thy trn lu c nh i-> approach h prbo/ (n) []: s n gn; s tip cn-> approachable /a pradtfabl/ (adj): c th tip cn; d gnd hiu\appropriate /a'predprisi/ (adj) (+ to/ for): thch hp; phhp; thch ngEx: Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.(Qun jean khng thch hp vi tic t