1

SoTa xecuriani

2

SoTa xecuriani

SoTa grigolis Ze xecuriani

(avtobiografiuli monacemebi)

dabadebuli 1929 wlis 10 maiss cageris raionis sofel

larCvalSi. afxazeTSi sacxovreblad Cemma biZam iason xecurianma

da bicolam Camiyvanes.

1944 wels davamTavre oCamCiris raionis sofel cageras

saSualo skolis 7 klasi. imave wels, rogorc warCinebulma

moswavlem, swavla gavagrZele soxumis subtropikuli kulturebis

teqnikumSi, romelic davamTavre warCinebiT 1947 wels da muSaoba

daviwye sofel cageraSi kolmeurneobaSi agronomad. ori kviris

Semdeg amirCies kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris moadgiled. erTi

wlis Semdeg Cavericxe ugamocdod saqarTvelos sasoflo-

sameurneo institutSi q. TbilisSi.

1953 wels warCinebiT davamTavre aRniSnuli instituti da

samuSaod mimavlines afxazeTSi, sadac muSaoba daviwye jer

agronomis, xolo Semdgom mTavar ekonomistad kolmeurneobaSi.

1946 wels davicavi disertacia da momeniWa ekonomikis

mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi.

paralelurad miwveuli viqeni saqarTvelos subtropikuli

meurneobis institutSi. aRniSnul universitetSi pedagogiuri

saqmianobis gza gavnvle maswavleblis, docentis da profesoris

rangSi.

1993 wlis 27 seqtembers ukrainuli gemiT Cavedi baTumSi.

baTumSi devnilobaSi cxovrebis dros muSaoba daviwye

ekonomikuri Teoriis kaTedris gamged.

paralelurad SeTavsebiT vmuSaobdi quTaisSi funqcionirebad

saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis universitetis

ekonomkuri Teoriis kaTedris gamged da amave saxelwodebis

kaTedris dekanad.

aRniSnul periodSi 1993 wlis 31 dekembers arCeuli viyavi

3

SoTa xecuriani

afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos deputatad.

am Tanamdebobaze vagrZeleb dRemde muSaobas.

var afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis kulturis

damsaxurebuli muSaki, Rirsebis ordenosani.

gamoqveynebuli maqvs asze meti Sroma. var avtori da

Tanaavtori wignebisa da samecniero naSromebis.

dauswreblad davamTavre saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo

akademiis sruli kursi.

4

SoTa xecuriani

I. zogi ram afxazeTis Sesaxeb

(rac mexsierebaSi SemomrCa dRemde)

afxazeTSi damkvidreba

me piradad meaTe wlis asakSi meoTxe klasSi swavlis dros

Camiyvanes biZaCemma (mamaCemis Zmam (iasonma)) da misma rusi

erovnebis (xarkoveli) colTan erTad.

skola maSin saerTod ar iyo cageraSi. imxanad mxolod sami

saxlis mSenebloba iyo SedarebiT dasrulebuli. es iyo valiko

nemswveriZis, ioram nemswveriZis da kidev erTi saxli.

ratomRac samiode wlis asakSi gamamweses deduleTSi bebia-

babuas imedad maT aRsazrdelad „mimabares“ albaT.

me dResac ar vici ratom gadawyvita ase Cemma mSoblebma,

Tumca ase ki moxda.

skola deduleTSi babuaCemis ezoSi iyo (ezos bolo) da

bavSvebTan vTamaSobdi ezoSi. skolis direqtorma - nino pirvelma

(am qalbatonis fizikuri saxe dRemde Cemi mexsierebis areSi aris

SemorCenili). man roca dainaxa, rom skolis zaris darekvis

Semdeg me marto vrCebodi da bavSvebi gakveTilze garbodnen,

nino maswavlebelma saxlSi miakiTxa babuaCems da sTxova, rom

CemTvis neba daerTo galveTilebze daswrebisaTvis. diax,

es nebarTva miRebuli iqna babuaCemis mxridan da me sruliad

bavSvur 5 Tu 6 wlis asakSi Semdeg daviwye skolaSi swavla. es iyo

ase dafiqsirebuli oficialurad. ase, rom me gavxdi moswavle

(es „ukanonoba“ dRemde darCa Cems istorias). anu Svidwledi

davamTavre da Cavericxe soxumSi subtropikuli meurneobis

teqnikumSi, romelic sami wlis Semdeg davamTavre 1946 wels

anu me viyavi ara 18 wlis wlis am dros, aramed 16-17 wlis anu

arasrulwlovani viyavi faqtiurad, magram daviwye muSaoba

kolmeurneobis mTavar agronomad (cageraSi) da or kviraSi

Tavmdjomaris moadgiledac amirCies.

5

SoTa xecuriani

erTi wlis muSaobis Semdeg oCamCiris raikomis miTiTebiT

da teqnikumis direqciis moTxovniT, rogorc warCinebiT

kursdamTavrebuli, mimavlines TbilisSi sasoflo-sameurneo

institutSi saswavleblad. Cavericxe ugamocdoT da warCinebiTve

davamTavre sasoflo-sameurneo instituti 1953 wlis martSi.

davubrundeT afxazeTSi cxovrebis sakiTxs. 1939-1940 ww.

leCxumSi sofel larCvalSi, sadac me davibade saqarTvelos

mTavrobis „emisrebi“ Camodiodnen da mosaxleobas urCevdnen

afxazeTSi Casaxlebis Taobaze, aseve bolnisSi da sxvagan.

afxazeTSi roca 10 wlis asakSi da CavediT cageraSi mxolod

sami saxli iyo aSenebuli.

skola ra Tqma unda ver iqneboda. roca TandaTan ramdenime

ojaxi Camovida sacxovreblad cageraSi (maSin „cagera“ - aseTi

saxelwodeba saerTod ar iyo). skolisTvis mezoblad myof e.w.

tungos meurneobis teritoriaze gamoyves erTi oTaxi qarTveli

bavSvebisTvis. am skolaSi, sadac mxolod ori qalbatoni

maswavlebeli iyo mxolod davamTavreT meoTxe klasi da

SemdgomSi davamTavre 7 klasiani skola - Tavad cageris erT-erT

saxlSi gaixsna skola.

diax, axla ki imis Taobaze Tu rogor daviwyeT damkvidreba

cageraSi. igive cagreas gaCenamde - mosaxleoba miaweres tamiSis

sasoflo-sameurneo sabWoSi anu cageradan 4-5 km daSorebiT.

tamiSis soflis sabWoSi. im dros mdivnad muSaobda cageras

mezobeli soflis „cxeniswyaleli“ mkvidri - muSni racba.

Tavad sofel „cxeniswyalSi“ 80-mde komli cxovrobda. maTi

gvarebic ki maxsovs eseni iyvnen: racba, axuba, kvekveskiri, turava,

gabelia, mircxulava, basaria da sxva gvarisani. aRniSnul afxazur

sofelSi ar arsebobda ubralod wisqvili, vTqvaT samWedlo, da

sxva martivi obieqtebi, romelic aucilebelia soflisaTvis.

cageraSi wyali ar iyo, wyals adgilobrivi mosaxlis ezoebidan

vezidebodiT da unda iTqvas, rom sulac ar siamovnebdaT am

6

SoTa xecuriani

ucnobi xalxis miReba.

cageram male sakuTari (soflis) wisqvili aaSena, gaxsna.

samWedlo da sxva, wvrilmani momsaxurebis saxelosnoebi.

gaixsna vazis sasaTbure meurneoba, aseve citrusebis sanerge

da a.S.

„Sromaman Senma warmogaCinos“ - aseTi principiT Seudga

axalmosaxleoba Tavisi karmidamos damusavebis sakiTxs, amas

isini kargad anxorcielbdnen.

ratomRac moxda ise, rom TiToeul komls gamouyves

sakarmidamo miwis nakveTi 0,25 ha farglebSi teritoria,

romelic jerjerobiT mxolod tye-buCqnarebiT iyo dakavebuli

da mxolod saxlis dasadgmelad miCneuli adgilebi iyo

moniSnuli. mSeneblobis paralelurad mosaxleoba sakarmidamo

miwebis aTvisebas Seudga. zogma or-sam wliani vazisa da xilis

nergebic ki Camoitanes TavianTi Zveli sacxovrisi adgilebidan

da daiwyes dargva jer kidev auTvisebel miwebze. bevrma

adgilobrivi tye-buCqnarebidan daiwyes panta vaSlisa Tu msxlis

saZireebis gadmotana TavianT ezoebSi da mynobis saSualebiT

daiwyes adgilobrivi jiSis xexilis gaSeneba. erTi sityviT vis

rogor SeeZlo ise awyobda Tavis baR-bostnebs. ise kacma rom

Tqvas raime sistemuri midgoma am sakiTxebisadmi ar arsebobda.

amitom naxavdiT mSvenivrad mowyobil axal karmidamos, zoganac

Tavisebur landSaftebs da a.S.

upirveles yovlisa glexoba cdilobda Cveulebisamebr

colikauris jiSis vazis moSenebas. am procesma Tavis mxriv xeli

Seuwyo sofelSi vazis sasaTbure meurneobis mowyobas. aSenda

sasaTbure meurneoba vazis nergis gamoyvanis mizniT. soflema,

amjerad ukve kolmeurneobis Camoyalibebis kvalobaze daiwyes

vazis saZireebis gaSeneba. am mizniT guriidan da saqarTvelos sxva

regionebidan SemohqondaT saZire masalisaTvis saWiro nergebi.

sanamyenod ki iyenebdnen gudauTidan-bomboris mevenaxeobis

7

SoTa xecuriani

sabWoTa meurneobidan colikauris yurZnis sanamyene masalas da

adgilze saTburSi amynidnen vazs da iqve sasaTbure meurneobaSi

specialur yuTebSi datenianebuli naxerxi masaliT avsebul

yuTebs aTavsebdnen garkveul temperaturaze, sadReRamiso

reJimis pirobebSi vazis nergis gamozrdis mizniT.

yvelaferma aman saSualeba misca meurneobas masiurad

gamoeyvanaT erTwliani vazis nergebi plantaciaSi gasaSeneblad.

am procesma imdenad masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo, rom adgilobriv

afxazuri soflis - „cxeniswylis“ mosaxleobasac biZgi misca

Tavis karmidamoSi gaeSenebinaT vazis kultura. Tumca yvela rodi

uyurebda am saqmes perspeqtiulad. aqao da, Cven adgilobrivi

yurZnisa da xexilis meSveobiTac vikmayofilebT Tavso da

ra Tavsatexad gvinda dablari venaxebis gaSenebao, romelic

sakmaod Sromatevadicaa da a.S. Tumca enTuziazmic gauCndaT,

ase magaliTad, adgilobrivi mosaxle valodia turava, andruSka

cviJba da zogi sxvebi sakmaod daewafnen ufro intensiuri

meurneobis mowyobas da mSvenieri baR-venaxebic gaaSenes.

rac mTavaria adgilobrivi da e.w. Camosaxlebuli mosaxleoba

sakmaod keTilganwyobiT ecnobodnen erTmaneTs da erTmaneTs

uziarebdnen sameurneo gamocdilebas.

cxadia iyvnen iseTebic, romlebic rbilad rom vTqvaT,

almacerad Sehyurebdnen axalmosaxleebs, romlebic SeiZleba

itqvas „daxarbebulad“ moevlinen am axal garemos.

maxsovs, roca traqtori gamoCnda, romelic sasiminde miwebis

damuSavebas axdenda adgilobrivma asakovanma mosaxlem gvarad

bebia, joxiTac ki aedevna traqtors da ras Cadixaro Sereul

megrul-qarTulad dauwyes traqtorists dava - ras Cadixar ase

Rrmad rogor SeiZleba miwis damuSaveba - siRrmeSi unayofo

fenaa da misi „aryeva“ ar SeiZlebao da a.S.

diax, ase amgvarad mimdinareobda adaptireba axal garemoSi da

dasawyisSi garkveuli ridiT, Tumca male nacnoboba imarTeboda

8

SoTa xecuriani

da adamianebi raRac naTlia - naTlulobis variantebsac ki

poulobdnen erTmaneTTan daaxloebis mizniT.

cxadia gamoricxuli ar iyo garkveuli winaaRmdegobebic.

gansakuTrebiT, ase vTqvaT, gaxda pirutyvis moSeneba-movla-

patronomis saqme. jer iyo da mTidan gadmoyvanili pirutyvi

(ZiriTadad xar-Zroxa) ver Seegua adgilobriv klimats. aq xom

zRvispira zolSi teniani subtropikuli klimati iyo, ramac

pirutyvis daavadeba - raRac cieb-cxeleba gamoiwvia da daiwyo

pirutyvis masobrivi daavadeba da dacema.

mosaxleobam SemdgomSi Sewyvita mTis klimats SeCveuli

pirutyvis Semoyvana da adgilobrivi pirutyvis moSenebas mihyo

xeli.

Tumca yvela movlenas axlavs problemebi, zogjer TiTqos

wvrilmani, magram sakmaod mtkivneulic. keTil adamianTa wreSi

Cndebian mrude Tvalisa da xelis adamianebi, romlebic iol

cxovrebas miCveulni advilad ver Tmoben Cveul qmedebebs.

kerZod, adgilobrivad SeZenili pirutyvi, rogorc ki saZovarze

gavidoda, cdilobda Tavis pirvandel patronisaTvis miekiTxa.

am viTarebaSi gaxSirda pirutyvis dakargvis da sxva ukuRmarTi

movlenebi, aRar davwvrilmandebi magram, es sakmaod problemuri

gaxda.

iyo sxva gamwvavebuli urTierTobebic. gansakuTrebiT

miwaTsargeblobis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod adgilobrivi

mosaxleoba, rogorc wesi patar-patara jgufebad 3-5 komli

sadRac SemaRlebul adgilebSi daidebdnen binas, sakmaod

guluxvad Semoragvavdnen TavianT ezo-kars, zogjer

ganusazRvreli moculobiT. dauwereli kanoni, vimeoreb SigniT

„Citic ver Sefrindeboda“, zogi arxsac Semoavlebda Tavis

„karmidamos“ zogi amisTvisac ar xarjavda dros da Zalisxmevas

ubralod Semofarglavda TavisTvis sakmaod vrcel adgils - tye-

buCqnarsa da saZovrebs da, rogorc ityvian ramdenic surdaT

9

SoTa xecuriani

imdens moiniSnavdnen TavisTvis e.w. dauwereli kanonis mixedviT,

arc aravin Sedioda am farglebSi, ufro metic, rogorc ityvian

„Citic ki ver Sefrindeboda“ farglebs SigniT.

Tavad glexoba, Cveulebrisamebr saxls an Tundac Zvelebur

facxas aSenebda da, e.w. WiSkridan sakmaod moSorebiT ise, rom

saxlidan WiSkramde sakmaod balaxiani mSvenieri lamazi mindori

arsebobda - naxevar heqtramdec ki, romelic rogorc wesi ZuZudan

axlad asxletili xboebis sakuntruSod gamoiyeneboda. bevric

iqve am mindorSi wvelida Zroxebs, ufro metad es procedura

mamakacebis saqminobad iTvleboda ratomRac.

aseT viTarebaSi Casaxlebul mosaxleobas mxolod 0,25 ha

miwis nakveTi gamouyves TiToeuls. cxadia Casaxlebuli glexoba

iZulebuli iyo damatebiTi mosavlis miRebis mizniT Taviseburi

ijaris formiT amuSavebda adgilobrivi glexobis miwebs, an

sanaxevrod an kidev erTi meoTxedis Tu mexuTedi mosavlis

fasad da a.S.

maxsovs aseTi ram: mamaCemma adgilobrivi mosaxlidan (gvarad

qobalia, afxazi varo ki iZaxda) ezos gareTac hqonda erT

heqtaramde farTis „sasiminde nakveTi“, romelic ijariT aiRo

mosavlis naxevari da Cala mTlianad masze unda migveca. diax,

aseTi formiT ivsebda mosavals Casaxlebuli mosaxleoba.

me im dros 10 wlis asakSi viyavi da yvelafers Tvalyurs

vadevnebdi.

Sroma Zalian miyvarda. mamaCems zogjer, rogorc ityvian

„fexebSi veblandebodi“, gverdidan ar vSordebodi, swavlasac

ar vaklebdi xels. pirveli klasidan dawyebuli institutiT

damTavrebuli yvela sagnebSi mxolod friadi Sefasebebi mqonda.

Zalian miyvarda soflis samuSaoebi. albaT aman ganapiroba is rom

me soflis meurneobis (agraruli sferos) specialisti gavxdi.

afxazeTSiac me didi enTuziazmiT davamuSave afxazeTis

sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis problemebi.

10

SoTa xecuriani

es Tema Cemi sadisertacio Tema gaxda, romelic warmatebiT

davicavi. amis Taobaze Semdeg warmovaCen sakiTxebs.

maxsovs, roca bavSvuri gulubryvilobiT aRviqvamdi

adgilobriv viTarebas, es iyo tye-buCqnarebi zogan namdvili

gauvali adgilebic bevri iyo. umetes SemTxvevaSi tyeebi muxis,

wifelis da sxva sasargeblo tyis jiSebiT dakavebuli. tyis

koromebi imdenad xSiri tyianobiT xasiaTdeboda, rom maRali xeebi

mxolod wveroSi iyo odnav gantotvili, xolo xis tani swori da

mSeneblobis mizniT gamosayenebli xeebi axalmosaxlobam daiwyes

samzareuloebis (kuxnas rom eZaxdnen) mizniT gamoiyeneboda e.w.

Sua cecxlis da zogic ki buxrebis keTebasac ki Seudgnen.

yovelive amis aRniSvna imitom minda, rom adgilobriv

mosaxleobaSi iqmneboda STabeWdileba, rom iwyeboda

xeluxlebeli adgilebis civilur formaSi moqceva. cxadia es

yvelaferi civilizaciis „mowolas“ ganapirobebda da amdenad

sakmaod gamaRizianebeli iyo adgilobrivi, alag-alag xutorebis

formiT. xutori kidev ukeTesia, vidre 3-4 komlis ZiriTadad

naTesauri niSniT Seqmnili mosaxleobis mimofantvas am gauval

tye-buCqnarebsa da alag-alag zRvis sanapiro zolSi daWaobebul

adgilebze leliani tbebisa da ReleRuleebis saxiT.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom adgilobriv saSualo da didi zomis

mdinareebis, moqvis kodoris, da a.S. uxvTevzianoba Cveulebrivi

movlena iyo.

maxsovs viRac TavzexelaRebulebma zRvis axlos, Rrma mdore

adgilebSi raRac qimiuri nivTierebebis gamoyenebiT, daxocil

Tevzebs agrovdeba maT Soris loqo da sxva saxis Tevzebi 50-

60 kg-s rom iwonida TiToeuli. Cven ki bavSvebi ufro patara

mdinareebze „cxeniswyali“, „Savi Rele“ da a.S. virCevdiT saTevzao

adgilebs ankesebisa da Cveni xeliTve damzadebuli (dawnuli)

„xvirebis“ gamoyenebiT bevr Tevzs viWerdiT.

adamianTa momravlebis, Sesabamisad arc Tu normaluri

11

SoTa xecuriani

moqmedebebiT iyvnen dasaqmebuli. xSirad es yvelaferi

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ukmayofilebas iwvevda. iCexeboda

samwuxarod ara mxolod dablari tye-buCqnarebi, aramed

maRalmerqniani wiflari da muxnari, alag-alag wablis tyeebic.

mdgomareoba mkveTrad daiZaba im viTarebam rom vazis sasaTbure

da citrusebis sanerge meurneobebis (daxurulikvalsaTburebis

da a.S.) mowyobisaTvis, gaTbobisaTvis iyenebdnen mxolod SeSas,

radgan ar arsebobda gazis da sxva Tanamedrove Txevadi sawvavis

gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba imxanad.

ase, rom Seiqmna viTareba roca Tavis uaryofiT gavlenasac

moicavda. ai ase amgvarad Seiqmna viTareba, romelic jer

kidev SemorCenili feodaluri niSnebis mqone sameurneo

saqmianobas eweoda, anu eqstensiuri meurneobriobis sistemas

TandaTan cvlida intensiuri meurneobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

mimdinareobebi.

ase, rom me TandaTanobiT wamovizarde da aRmovCndi

iseT situaciaSi, rom CemSi bunebrivad xdeboda agraruli

meurneobisadmi midrekilebis (azrovnebis) formireba.

12

SoTa xecuriani

II. swavlis procesi da masTan dakavSirebuli

movlenebi

skola yovelTvis mizidavda. pirveli klasidan dawyebuli

sul xuTebze vswavlobdi.

ar iyo „Tbili“ damokidebuleba im moswavleTa mxridan,

romelTanac Cven migvamagres droebiT saswavleblad. maxloblad

Cveni soflidan (cageradan) 1 kilometris daSorebiT tungis

sabWoTa meurneobis teritoriaze arsebul rusuli skolis erT

oTaxSi gamogviyves saswavlo oTaxi. ori qalbatoni maswavlebeli

gvaswavlida. maT Soris erTi direqtorad iTvleboda. es ori

maswavlebeli gvaswavlida TiTqmis yvela sagans. „TiTqmis“ imitom

vambob, rom meoTxe klasSi ukve ramdenime sagani iswavleboda,

Tumca sad iyo CvenTvis amdeni maswavlebeli.

kargad maxsovs, rom adgilobrivi moswavleebi ZiriTadad

rusebi da ori Tu sami afxazi bavSvic iyo skolaSi, romlebic

rusul seqtorze swavlobdnen. roca gakveTilebs movrCebodiT

Cven soflamde maswavleblebi gvacilebdnen, radgan gzadagza

adgilobrivi anci bavSvebi mogvdevdnen, zogic qvas gvesroda,

zogic pirdapir Cxubs gviwyebda. es ar iyo, ase vTqvaT,

raime dapirispirebiTi faqti, ara, ra Tqma unda. es ubralo

bavSvuri ancoba iyo, radgan axal realobaSi Cndeboda raRac

SeuTavseblobis momentebic.

maxsovs Cvens soflis SemosasvlelSi sakire ormo iyo, sadac

mSeneblobisaTvis kirs albobdnen. wvimian amindSi es sakire

ormo wyliT aivseboda xolme. ai, aq gvxvdebodnen soflis afxazi

bavSvebi da radganac sakire ormosTan gavivlidiT Soridan qvas

agdebdnen da ramdenjerme kiric SemousxamT CvenTvis TvalebSi

da, yovelnairad gvawiokebdnen.

erTi afxazi biWi damamxsovrda gansakuTrebT, romelsac cali

fexi albaT 10 santimetriT mokle hqonda, magram Zalian Cxubis

13

SoTa xecuriani

Tavi iyo. vin icis Tavisi bunebrivi simaxinje sulsac ar uwamlavda.

albaT igi yvelaze metad agresias iCenda qarTveli bavSvebis

mimarT. is biWi imiT davimaxsovre, rom roca ukve davmkvidrdiT

cageraSi, am biWis Zmam colad waiyvana Cemi biZaSvili. is

qalbatoni afxazur sofel „cxeniswyalSi“ cxovrobda afxaz

qmarTan erTad. igi kargad Seegua adgilobriv mosaxleobas -

ojaxs. ori vaJiSvili gamozarda. erTma (ufrosma vaJma) Tavadac

colad SeirTo cagereli qarTveli gogo maswavlebeli. misi

qmaric amjerad iuristia. afxazeTSi datrialebuli saomari

tragediis dros mis ZmasTan da sxva cxeniswyalel biWebTan

erTad brZolaSi Caeba cagerllebis winaaRmdeg. maTTvis

sulac ar SeuSlia xeli imas, rom iaraRiT xelSi Semotevebi

ganexorcielebinaT im cagerel biWebTan, romelTa Soris dedis

mogvare qarTvelebi (xecurianebi) iyvnen Cabmulni brZolis

procesebSi. roca qarTvelebs dagvatovebines iqauroba Cveni

siZeebi da maTi qarTveli ojaxis wevrebi arc ki dainteresebulan

saiT gadaixvewnen maTi colouroba(moyvrebi), Tavad ki qarTvel

qalbatonebTan da SvilebTan erTad cxeniswyalSi darCnen. aseTi

Sereuli ojaxebi cagereli gogonebi afxaz biWebTan amjerad,

meuRleebTan erTad iq darCnen aTamde aseTi Sereuli ojaxi da vin

icis rasa Cadian, iqneb da vin icis isinic soxumSi gadabargdnen.

davubrundeT isev swavlis process: ase iyo Tu ise meoTxe

klasi davamTavre tungis meurneobis skolis erToTaxian klasSi.

guli mwydeba da unda vTqva, rom dResac vfiqrob imas, rom

dawyebiTi skolis Seferxebebi rac gamowveuli iyo afxazeTSi

gadasaxlebasTan dakavSirebiT, sakmaod mZimed aisaxa Cemi swavlis

xarisxze zogadad. rogorc Cans, dawyebiTi skolis da saerTod

saSualo skolis ganaTleba uaRresad mniSvnelovania adamianis

formirebis saqmeSi.afxazeTSi Cveni cxovreba gansakuTrebiT

daamZima 1941 wlis meore msoflio omis periodma. mTeli

soflis jansaRi mosaxleoba, maT Soris, mecxre, meaTe klasis

14

SoTa xecuriani

moswavleebic ki jarSi gaiwvies. mTeli axladwamowyebuli

soflis (cageras) mSenebloba mxolod moxucebis, qalebisa da

bavSvebis imedad darCa. Tumca mainc moxerxda cageraSi 7 wliani

(Svidwledi) skolis gaxsna. cxadia jerjerobiT skolis Senoba

sofels ar gaaCnda, Tumca ori Senoba - e.w. beriaseuli saxli

gamoyofil iqna skolisaTvis, cotac miSeneba gaakeTes da amjerad

Svidwledi mec davamTavre Cvens sofelSi.

unda iTqvas, rom skola ganicdida kadrebis naklebobas.

amasobaSi skolas moevlina metad axalgazrda gogona, mariam

kopaliani, romelic imdenad axalgazrda iyo, rom lamis mozrdili

biWebi moridebulad, magram „qveSqveSad“ axedavdnen xolme

axalgazrda direqtors. igi Zalian marjve, organizatoruli

niWiT dajildoebuli aRmoCnda.

movlenas win gavuswreb da vityvi imasac, rom man didi amagi

dasdo cageraSi axali saSualo skolis mSeneblobas da daasrula

kidec. Tumca samwuxarod afxazeTis tragediam es skola,

rogorc mTeli cagera ferflad aqcia. Tavad skolis direqtori,

romelic am saerTo saqmeebis gamo sakmaod gvian gaTxovda, Tumca

igi STamomavlis gareSe gardaicvala.

mogvianebiT cageras saSualo skolis direqtori cagereli

kaci - givi meSveliani gaxda, romelic cageras kolmeurneobis

Tavmjdomared iqna arCeuli.

givi meSvelianTan, iseve rogorc mis mamasTan vladimer

meSvelianTan, raRac gangebam mec marguna mTavar specialistad

memuSava.

amis Taobaze saubars kvlav mivubrundebi, exla ki Cemi swavlis

process minda davubrunde.

davamTavre ra cageraSi Svidwledi (warCinebiT) moxda ise

rom zafxulis TveSi (agvistoSi) Cvens sofelSi (cageraSi)

kolmeurneobis kantoraSi (ase eZaxdnen maSin) stumrad Camovida

soxumis subtropikuli meurneobis teqnikumis saswavlo nawilis

15

SoTa xecuriani

ufrosi, oCamCireleli aqvsenti marxulia. aRniSnul pirovnebas

kolmeurneobis kantoraSi Sexvedra mouwyvia ( mouwyvias imitom

vambob rom me am Sexvedraze ver movxvdi imis gamo rom avad viyavi,

samwuxarod amjerad ukve meored Semeyara sakmaod gavrcelebuli

avadmyofoba cieb-cxeleba, rasac ase eZaxdnen maSin) saSualeba ar

momeca Sevxvedrodi aqvsenti marxulias. Tumca Cemi ufrosi Zma,

romelmac aseve daamTavra Svidi klasi, masTan erTad marxulias

Seaxvedres Cveni skoladamTavrebuli aTamde moswavle, TiTqmis

yvela maTgani misaRebi gamocdebis CabarebiT Caericxa soxumis

subtropikuli meurneobis teqnikumSi.

Cemi Svidi klasis damTavrebis mowmoba uCemod waiRo saswavlo

nawilis ufrosma aqvsenti marxuliam da yovelgvari misaRebi

gamocdebis gareSe Camricxa aRniSnul teqnikumSi.

ai, ase aRmovCndi teqnikumis studenti, romelic davamTavre

aseve warCinebiT 1944 wels. teqnikumSi gamosaSvebi gamocdebi

Catarda mogvianebiT agvistos bolos ris gamoc me, rogorc

warCinebuli kursdamTavrebuli veRar movxvdi profilis

mixedviT sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi q. TbilisSi.

dro rom ar damekarga teqnikumis direqtorma mimavlina

Cems sofelSi (cageraSi), sadac muSaoba daviwye Cemi

soflis kolmeurneobaSi mTavar agronomad. ori kviris

Semdeg kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomarem vladimer meSvelianma

kolmeurneobis saerTo krebaze warmadgina kolmeurneobis

Tavmjdomaris moadgilis Tanamdebobaze. krebam erTxmad miiRo

gadawyvetileba da 17-18 wlis ukve gavxdi Tanamdebobis piri

kolmeurneobis masStabiT.

unda avRniSno, rom es iyo Cemi pirveli, SemiZlia vTqva

warmatebuli kariera sadac pirveli naTloba miviRe iseT

gamocdil glexobasTan, rogorebic iyvnen Tavad kolmeurneobis

Tavmjdomare(sxvaTaSoris igi wera-kiTxvis ucodinari

gaxldaT, magaliTad dokumentebze „xels awerda“ jvaris

16

SoTa xecuriani

raRac pliusiT (+) aRniSnavda. Tumca igi sakmaod gamocdili,

praqtikosi, garkveulwilad kargi organizatoric (menejeri)

iyo. maxsovs erTi aseTi momentic: es is periodia, roca meore

msoflio omi mimdinareobda da kolmeurneobas mxolod Tavisi

kolmeurneobisaTvis ki ara samxedro nawilisTvisac ki abarebda

mosavlis garkveul nawils. cxadia, glexobas sakmaod mZime

pirobebSi uxdeboda praqtikulad yovelgvari anazRaurebis

gareSe muSaoba mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi (mxolod Sroma-

dReebi ericxebodaT) mosaxleobas mainc avaldebulebdnen

kolmeurneobaSi muSaobas.

kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomarem aseT xerxs mimarTa

kolmeurneobis sasimindeebidan nawili saTesle simindisa

soflis wisqvilSi daafqvevina (mewisqviles) da ramdenime asakovan

kolmeurne qalebs daavala glexurad (ToneSi) gamoecxoT mWadebi.

Caawyves isini dawnul yuTebSi Tu „salastoebSi“ (ase eZaxdnen

am Txilis wneliT dawnul did kalaTebs) da mindorSi, ufro

sworad Cais plantaciebSi samuSao adgilze (brigadaSi) gaitana

aseTi wesiT gamomcxvari mWadebi da brigadirTan erTad TviTonve

arigebda kolmeurneebze. vinc adre gamovidoda samuSaoze da

dRiur normas Seasrulebda mTel mWads miiRebda, sxvebi ki

gamomuSavebis mixedviT, naxevar Tu meoTxed mWads miiRebda da

a.S. diax, dRevandeli gadasaxedidan aseTi ram dRes cota iqneb

ucnauradac ki Candes, magram cxovreba (pragmatuli midgoma) ase

iTxovda am „mWads“ moxerxebulad iyenebda gamocdili praqtikosi

kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare v. meSveliani, romelTanac kargi

praqtikuli naTloba gaviare.

movlenebs win gavuswreb da vityvi imasac, rom (ar vici

bedis ironia iyo Tu ra) SemdgomSi roca me Tbilisis sasoflo-

sameurneo instituti davamTavre vladimer meSvelianis SvilTan

givi meSvelianTan momiwia muSaoba. amjerad ukve gansxvavebul

(cxeniswylis kolmeurneobasTan gaerTianebul kolmeurneobaSi)

17

SoTa xecuriani

maSin mTavar agronomad muSaoba (amaze cota mogvianebiT vityvi

ramdenime sityvas). amjerad ki mokled Sevexebi subtropikuli

meurneobis teqnikumSi (soxumSi) swavlis da yofacxovrebis

periods. es ar iyo ioli da ara mxolod meore msoflio omiT

gamowveuli mZime pirobebiT, aramed am procesTan dakavSirebul

sirTuleebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic maSin gadaitana mTelma

qveyanam, maT Soris saqarTvelom. mokled imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra

pirobebSi gvixdeboda swavla da yofacxovreba teqnikumSi.

upirveles yovlisa, binis problema mogvarda imiT, rom

teqnikumis saerTo sacxovrebelSi gamogviyves erTi didi oTaxi,

sadac aTamde studenti ZiriTadad erTi soflis (cageras)

macxovreblebi viyaviT.

mxolod rkinisa da zogic xis sawolebi gamogviyves, sxva

danarCeni ki soflidan CavitaneT. SabaT-kviras sofelSi

vbrundebodiT, raTa morigi sanovage wagveRo. fqvilic ki

migvqonda da teqnikumis sasadiloSi vabarebdiT deida paSas

(rusi qalbatoni) acxobda mWadebs da vin icis ramdens gvaZlevda

Cven gamomcxvari saxiT. es iyo da es raRac kerZs dReSi erTxel

fasgadaxdiT vRebulobdiT.

yvelaze problemuri mgzavroba iyo SabaT-kviris. am dros

avtotransporti saerTod ar arsebobda amdenad, fexiT

mivdiodiT tamiSis rkinigzis sadgurSi, romelic Cveni soflidan

TiTqmis 7-8 km iyo fexiT savleli. gzis nawili rkinigzis xazis

gavliT unda dagvefara.

Tu ki raime mizeziT davagvianebdiT baTumidan soWis

mimarTulebiT mimaval samgzavro matarebelze ukan fexiT

vbrundebodiT da meore dRes mivdiodiT kvlav. aseT pirobebSi,

rac kidev ufro damZimebuli iyo omis periodiT gamowveuli

siZneleebiT, kargad vswavlobdiT. amas xazs vusvam dRevandeli

axalgazrdebis gasagonad, romlebic swavlis periodSi

saxelmwifos mxridan mravalgvar daxmarebas Rebuloben.

18

SoTa xecuriani

mZime pirobebSiac (ar iyo saxelmZRvaneloebi, ar iyo rveulebi

da sxva saswavlo nivTebi) mainc movaxerxe yvela sagnis friadze

swavla da teqnikumi warCinebiT davamTavre.

imave wels teqnikumSi saxelmwifo gamocdebis gvian agvistos

bolos damTavrebis gamo, imave wels veRar gavagrZele swavla

Tbilisis sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi, sadac, rogorc

warCinebiT teqnikum damTavrebuls ugamocdod Caricxvis

ufleba meZleoda. gamocdebis dagvianebiT damTavrebis gamo

imave wels veRar Caviricxe institutSi da amdenad samuSaod

mimavlines Cemsave sofelSi (cageraSi) maSin molotovis

saxelobis kolmeurneobis mTavar agronomad da ori kviris

Semdeg kolmeurneobis saerTo krebam gamgeobis wardginebiT

kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris moadgileoba ganmisazRvra.

ase movevline „warCinebuli“ specialisti kolmeurneobas,

romelic sakmaod mravaldargovani iyo da saWiro iyo yvela

dargebis zedmiwevniT codna.

imave wels gavaSeneT 5 heqtari colikauris vazi, 35ha Cais

plantacia, aseve xexilis baRi, mogvyavda baRCa-bostneulis

kulturebi da a.S.

ver vityvi, rom yvela kulturis agroteqnikas zedmiwevniT

vflobdi, Tumca Cemi praqtikuli gamocdileba ramdenadme

miRebuli mqonda mamaCemidan.

mamaCemi (grigol xecuriani) sofelSi erT-erTi friad

gamocdili mevenaxe gaxldaT. igi soflis gamocdil glexebTan

pavle TuTisanTan, niko saRinaZesTan da sxvebTan erTad, mapation

Tu yvelas ver CamovTvli, did praqtikul samuSaoebs asrulebda

vazis nergis gamoyvanis, moSenebisa da movla-moyvanis saqmeSi.

maxsovs erTi aseTi movlena, romelic dRemde ar maviwydeba.

am periodSi didi deficiti iyo vazisaTvis samkurnalo da

mavneblebTan sabrZolo saSualebebi, gansakuTrebiT mZime

mdgomareobaSi vazis sanerge meurneobaSi saTburidan gadarguli

19

SoTa xecuriani

vazis nergebi unda gamogvezarda da erTi da orwliani nergebis

saxiT. saergeSi axalSen ukve SefoTlil nergebs masiurad Seesia

sakmaod didi zomis muxluxoebi, romlebic ramdenime dReSi

ufoTlod tovebda axal vazs da nergebs. marTali giTxraT

veraferi vuSvele. sadRac e.w. dusti viSove (ddt) samwuxarod

amanac ver uSvela saqmes imdenad masiurad moedo „foTolWamiebi“

yvelgan.

erT diliT daRonebuli sakmaod adre Cavedi sanergeSi da

ras vxedav: mTeli sanerge TiTqmis avsebulia indaurebiT(mamali

indaurebi xmamaRla yiyliyoben) vifiqre ra moxda meTqi didi

joxiT davedevne indaurebs da am dros wamodga sakmaod maRal-

maRali kaci da icinis Tan meubneba moica acade am indaurebs

da naxav, rom arcerTi matli aRar darCeba am sanergeSi. Turme

es pirovneba gaxldaT mamaCemis megobari pavle TuTisani,

romelic mamaCemTan erTad muSaobdnen vazis namyenebis saTburSi

gamozrdaze da Semdgom swored aseTi nergebi gadagvqonda

mindvrad sanergeSi gasaSeneblad da erTwliani nergebis

gamosayvanad.

ai am gamocdilma glexma moifiqra, rom Tavisi da mezoblis

indaurebi Caeyvana dilaadrianad sanergeSi, raTa sanergeSi

gavrcelebuli vazis nergis mavneblebi „moeSorebina“ Tavidan

indaurebis meSveobiT. ai, ase gadavurCiT vazis sanergis

ganadgurebas.

es momentebi gavixsene imitom, rom soflebSi arian sakmaod

gamocdili glexebi, romelTac yvelaze rTul viTarebaSiac

ZaluZT gamosavlis povna.

amasobaSi gavida weli da dadga institutSi Caricxvis

periodi. me ukve SeveCvie muSaobas da marTali giTxraT mamaCemic

aRar cdilobda Cems gagzavnas umaRles saswavlebelSi. Tumca

oCamCiris raionis xelmZRvanelma partiis raikomis pirvelma

mdivanma daavala Cveni kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomares Tqveni

20

SoTa xecuriani

agronomi miavlineT TbilisSi sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi

swavlis gasagrZeleblado.

diax, ase gadawyda Cemi institutSi swavlis gagrZelebis

sakiTxi.

maxsovs didi faneris CemodniT mivdiodi oCamCiris rkinigzis

sadgurze, roca Cemi yofili maswavlebeli - lado silagaZe

Semomxvda. mkiTxa sad midixaro - TbilisSi saswavleblad meTqi,

man jibeebi moiqeqa magram fuli ar aRmoaCnda.

21

SoTa xecuriani

III. axalmosaxleTa adaptirebis procesi axal garemoSi

afxazeTSi Casaxlebul qarTvelebs rTuli adaptaciis procesi

dasWirdaT ara mxolod mTiani regionis klimatis pirobebidan,

Savi zRvispireTis subtropikuli teniani klimatis pirobebisadmi

- aramed, saWiro gaxda sruliad axali kulturebis, Cais,

citrusebis da sxva subtropikuli kulturebis agroteqnikis,

maTi movla-moyvanis wesebis aTvisebis TvalsazrisiT aramed,

sruliad gansxvavebuli landSaftis mimarT Seguebac iyo saWiro.

leCxumis mTian soflebSi mosaxleoba dasaqmebuli iyo

mecxoveleobis dargebis ganviTarebiT. aseve Tesavdnen

marcvleul kulturebs, ZiriTadad simindis, alag-alag

adgilobriv xorblis jiSebis Tesvasac da SedarebiT

mcire mosavlis miRebiT kmayofildebodnen. adgilobrivi

xorblis jiSebi (zanduri, xulugo da a.S.). ZiriTad glexobas

kolmeurneobaSiac ki yovelgvari teqnikis gamoyenebiT mohyavdaT,

cxadia mosavlianobac mwiri iyo. maxsovs pureulis galewva

patara kaloebze xdeboda cxenebSebmuli an xarebSebmuli kevris

meSveobiT. iqve xis niCbebiT aniavebdnen galewil marcvals da

a.S. afxazeTSi roca Caasaxles glexobas sruliad axal garemoSi

mouxda axal -axali kulturebis movla-moyvanaze muSaoba. mTian

sofelSi marTalia marcvleuli kulturebi uxvi mosavliT

ar gamoirCeoda samagierod adgilmdebareobas kargad iyo

adaptirebuli msxvilfexa, pirutyvi kidev ufro mravalricxovani

iyo cxvari da Txa.

vazis kultura aq ZiriTadad colikauris jiSis iyo

gavrcelebuli. Rvinis warmoeba aq qvevrebSi mimdinareobda.

erTi sityviT mosaxleoba aq rogorc ityvian ar wuwunebda

sakmaod kmayofilni iyvnen TavianTi bediT.

Tumca axal garemoSi, am SemTxvevaSi afxazeTSi maTi Casaxleba,

mainc komunisturi propagandis Sedegad mimdinareobda

22

SoTa xecuriani

umeteswilad. Tumca iyvnen calkeuli enTuziazistebi,

romlebsac propagandisaTvis iyenebda adgilobrivi komunisturi

xelmZRvaneloba.

maxsovs, roca mTiani soflis mosaxleobas im xanad TiTo komls

mxolod erT manqanas aZlevdnen e.w. „palutorkebs“, romelic

mobilizebuli iyo specialurad gadasaxlebas daqvemdebarebuli

ojaxebisaTvis.

me am masobriv gadasaxlebamde ramdenime TviT adre biZaCemma

da bicolam wamiyvanes afxazeTSi. im xanad mxolod dawyebuli

iyo cageras soflis mSenebloba. mxolod sami saxlis mSenebloba

iyo dasrulebuli.

sofeli cagera gaSenda tye-buCqnarebiT dakavebul

teritoriaze. aqauri niadagi sakmaod mwiri, eweris tipis e.w.

meliWvliani (gauvali feniT mofenili iyo, romlis daSlas

mxolod mZime teqnika esaWireobda, romelic Zalze deficituri

iyo im periodisaTvis).

glexebi TavianT sakarmidamo miwebze bariTa da weraqviT

angrevdnen meliWvilian fenas da axerxebdnen 36-35- da meti

siRrmis fenis daSla-damuSavebas, sadac vazisa da citrusebis

dargvas axerxebdnen sakmao mZime xelis Sromis gamoyenebiT.

ukeTes miwebze, romelsac pirvel rigSi asaTisebel miwebs

akuTvnebdnen, aSenebdnen Caisa da citrusebis plantaciebs,

sabWoTa meurneobebisaTvis gamoyofil miwebze. xolo darCenili,

jer kidev auTvisebeli miwebi gamoyofili iqna axlad Casaxlebuli

mosaxleobis bazaze Seqmnili kolmeurneobebis mier. ra Tqma

unda aseT teritoriaze gaSenebuli plantaciebi sxva Tanabar

pirobebSi, SedarebiT nakleb efeqturi iyo anu meore-mesame

rigis miwebi gaxldaT.

cagerisaTvis gamoyofili miwebi dabal nayofierebaze

isic mianiSnebda, rom am adgilas faqtiurad ar cxovrobda

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba. soflis ganapira adgilebSi (soflis

23

SoTa xecuriani

bolos da soflis ganapira (pirobiTad)) mxolod ramdenime komli

cxovrobda. maT Soris soflis bolos ori komli megrelebi

(qarTvelebi) ufro sworad Sereuli ojaxebi iyo. ZiriTadad

mamakacebi megrelebi (qarTvelebi), xolo meuRleebi ki afxazi

qalbatonebi iyvnen, xolo pirobiTad soflis TavSi afxazebi

cxovrobdnen, ramdenime komli (ganapira adgilas) cxovrobdnen,

gvarad isini xalvaSi da xecias gvarisani iyvnen, aseve ori ojaxi

iyo Sarmatis gvaris. mdinare cxeniswylis piras cageras mxareze

cxovrobdnen sami ojaxi bebia-s gvarisani. iyo maT Soris ori

Zma bebia, erTi pasportiT qarTveli iyo, xolo meore ki afxazi.

albaT imitom, rom misi meuRle afxazi gaxldaT.

es ase vTqvaT, adgilobrivi ojaxebi dasawyisSi gaerTianebuli

iyvnen „cxeniswylis“ afxazur mosaxleobasTan kolmeurneobaSi.

Semdgom etapze afxazuri sofeli mTeli kolmeurneobis saxiT,

gaerTianda cageras kolmeurneobasTan da unda aRiniSnos, rom

sakmaod, SeiZleba iTqvas Sexmatkbilebulad muSaobdnen. Tumca

roca am sofelSiac mieRwia „aidgilaras“ emisrebma daiwyes

urTierTdapirispirebis movlenebi. Tumca erT periodSi

cxeniswyali da cagera gaerTianda koCaris kolmeurneobasTan.

viliamsis Teorias Tu gaviziarebT cudi miwebi ar arsebobs -

ambobda igi, aramed arseboben cudi meurnenio. diax, am TeoriaSi

Teoriulad arsebobs WeSmariteba, Tundac im TvalsazrisiT,

rom „cud“ miwebze gacilebiT meti danaxarjebi unda gaiRos

meurnem, rom aseTi miwis sawyisi efeqturoba gautoldes kargi

miwebis nayofierebis dones. konkurenciul pirobebSi cxadia am

viTarebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs.

Tu istoriul gamocxadebas mivayuradebT adamianTa modgmis

mTeli istoria dakavSirebulia adamianis, SeiZleba iTqvas

Seucvleli saarsebo saSualebis - miwis flobis SesaZleblobis

mopoveba yovelTvis iyo, dRemde rCeboda momavalSiac ase

gagrZeldeba, - adamianTa modgmis davis Tu brZolis asparezi.

24

SoTa xecuriani

ufro metic eris cneba ar arsebobs teritoriis (miwis) gareSe.

saqarTvelo odiTganve, istoriulad mcire miwian qveyanas

ganekuTvneba. Tundac bolo wlebis monacemebiT. omar

qeSelaSvili „miwa erovnuli simdidre“ - am patara (moculobiT)

broSuriT gvamcnobs, rom soflis meurneobis TvalsazrisiT

Znelad asaTvisebeli regionia aq zRvis donidan 500 metramde,

ganlagebulia mTeli teritoriis 26,7%. 500-dan 1000 metramde

- 21,7%; 1000-dan 1500 metramde 19,1%; 1500-dan 3000 metramde -

31,0%; 3000-ze zeviT - 1,5%. amis Sedegad, mTeli teritoriis 54%

mTebs ukavia, 33% mTiswinebs, xolo mxolod 13% dablob adgilebs.

Tu am Canawerebs gavagrZelebT - „mTiani reliefis gavleniT

metismetad SezRudulia sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi.

soflis meurneobis mier gamoyeneba mTeli teritoriis mxolod

4%“.

aseT viTarebaSi cxadia ar SeiZleba auTvisebeli darCes

Crdilo-dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) teritoriis

farglebSi arsebuli miwebi.

marTalia ar iyo advili mTiani zonis rTul pirobebSi

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovreba maTTvis aseve Zneli iyo axali

- maTTvis ucnobi mxaris pirobebSi gadasvlisa da faqtiurad,

sruliad axal garemoSi adaptireba, Tumca imdroindelma

mTavrobam igulisxmeba saqarTvelos mTavroba sabWoTa kavSiris

komunisturi partiis xelmZRvanelobis pirobebSi kargad

aprobirebuli agitacia - propagandis meTodebis amoqmedebiT

SeZlo mosaxleobaze fsiqologiuri gavlena da daarwmuna isini am

nabijis gadadgmis aucileblobaSi. meToduri propagandistuli

muSaoba daiwyo da mimdinareobda upirvelesad yovlisa

soflis komunisturi aqtivis mobilobiT, aseve molaparakebebi

ganviTarda SedarebiT im drois pirobebisaTvis qonebrivad arc

Tu ise Raribi fenis mimarT aramed, ufro SeZlebul fenaze.

ramac zegavlena moaxdina soflis mosaxleobis farTo fenebze.

25

SoTa xecuriani

ase, rom urTierT Segonebis gziT daiZra mosaxleoba axali

momavlisaken swrafvis mimarTulebiT.

sayuradRebo iyo is, rom axal adgilze anu Crdilo-dasavleT

saqarTvelos - afxazeTis a/r teritoriaze axal SenebisTvis

adgili ZiriTadad SerCeuli iqna TiTqmis dausaxlebeli

tye-buCqnarebiT da im droisaTvis gamouyenebli adgilebi.

magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba aRiniSnos oCamCiris raionis

auTvisebeli miwebi - SemdgomSi axaldabis axali kindRis, cageras

da a.S. soflebis mSenebloba. es procesi 1939-1940-ian wlebSi

daiwyo da, ramdenamde Seferxda meore msoflio omis gamo,

omis damTavrebisTanave gagrZelda es mSenbloba. Tumca omis

periodSiac met-naklebad mainc mimdinareobda axali soflebis

mSenebloba.

ufro mogvianebiT - omis Semdgom periodSi axali soflebis

damkvidreba ganaxlda da daiwyo e.w. meore talRa 1949-1950-

ian wlebis periodSi. am periodSi SedarebiT ukeTes pirobebSi

gagrZelda aRniSnuli saqmianoba im gagebiT, rom nawili

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis (berZnebis) gasaxlebis xarjze

ganxorcielda. amdenad am gziT axali mosaxleoba sakmaod ukeTes

pirobebSi damkvidrda da arsebuli baRebisa da savarguli miwebis

gamoyenebiT ioli gziT wavida maTi am garemoSi adaptireba.

imave oCamCiris regionSi am droisaTvis gagrZelda auTvisebeli

miwebis aTviseba. ase magaliTad axali kindRis sazRvarze

sruliad gamouyenebel teritoriaze sadac adgilobrivi

monadireebi mxolod mwyerze nadirobas Tu axerxebdnen amjerad

aSenda mefrinevleobis uzarmazari fabrika, romlis simZlavre

wliurad 800 milioni frTa kvercxmdebeli frinvelis gaSenebas

iTvaliswinebda. aRniSnuli fabrikis simZlavre sruliad iqna

aTvisebuli 1960-90-iani wlebisTvis. maSin, am Tanamedrove

tipis msxvili sawamos, direqtorad afxazi kaci - raul eSba

xelmZRvanelobda. es is pirovneba iyo, romelic, didad

26

SoTa xecuriani

samwuxarod, afxazeTSi datrialebuli saomari moqmedebebis

dros soxumis centrSi afxazeTis ministrTa sabWos SenobaSi am

cnobil pirovnebasTan da sxvebTan erTad, Jiuli SartavasTan da

mis TanamebrZolebTan erTad daxvrites afxazma da, aTaszgzis

Semosulma maTma mxardamWerebma. diax, es samwuxaro magaliTi

imitom gavixsene, rom ameRniSna Tu raoden gamrudebuli

aRmoCnda afxazeTSi da Tundac sruliad saqarTveloSi mimdinare

aRmSenblobiTi saqmianoba.

axali kindRis teritoriaze aseve sruliad auTvisebel

miwebze dafuZnda mebostneobis meurneoba, sruliad Tanamedrove

teqnologiis safuZvelze. igi daxuruli tipis sasaTbure

meurneoba gaxldaT da (pomidorisa da kitris) zamTar-zafxulSi

moqmedi cikliT muSaobda.

axlos am teritoriis mimdebared Camoyalibda mexileoba,

mevenaxeobis axali tipis meurneoba da a.S.

farTo maStabis samuSaoebi iqna dawyebuli oxureis gruntis

Tbili wylebis bazaze - sasaTbure meurneobis mSeneblobisa,

gagrZelda Tbili gruntis wylebis da WaburRilebis mowyoba

aradusa da cageras sazRvarze, romlis mSenebloba SeCerebuli

iqna afxazeTSi saomari moqmedebebis gamo.

Casaxlebulma mosaxleobam upirveles yovlisa xeli mihyves

vazis kulturis gaSenebas da qarTuli tradiciebis Sesabamisad,

qvevris Rvinis warmoebas. cageraSi Seqmnes e.w. glexuri Wur-

marani, sadac qvevris Rvinos amzadebdnen da adgilzeve

awarmoebdnen arayis gamoxdas da a.S.

axali kindRis teritoriaze kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomarem

ivliane Wabukianma, sruliad gamouyenebel miwebze gaaSena

colikauris jiSis venaxi. Tumca male raionis mesveurTa

davalebiT Secvlili iqna vazis gamravleba Cais plantaciebis

gaSenebis mimarTulebiT.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom aqauri eweri tipis miwebi

27

SoTa xecuriani

Seesabameboda ufro metad Cais plantaciebis gaSenebis pirobebs,

Tumca miwis vargisiani fena metad „damZimebuli“ iyo e.w.

„meliWvilis“ wyalgaumtari feniT. am „Secementebuli“ fenis

daSla moiTxovda Rrma e.w. plantacJis wesiT damuSavebas. Tumca

im droisaTvis am tipis samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis saWiro teqnika

jer kidev ar arsebobda. mxolod mogvianebiT Seiqmna specialuri

samelioracio organizacia, romelic uzrunvelyofda am

specifikuri samuSaoebis Sesrulebas.

ase, rom faqtobrivad daiwyo afxazeTis axlad aTvisebul

teritoriebze Cais, citrusebis da sxva subtropikuli

kulturebis mSenebloba. anu daiwyo aqauri miwebis intensiuri

gziT aTviseba da saerTod sasoflo-sameurneo wamroebis

intensifikaciis mimarTulebiT ganviTareba.

gamaxsenda da ar SemiZlia gverdi avuaro im movlenas, rasac

hqvia afxazebisa da qarTvelebis urTierTSeguebis Tu gnebavT,

SeCvevis Tu, zogadad keTilmezobluri urTierTobis process.

amis erT-erT mniSvnelovan movlenad avRniSnoT afxazur

sofelSi, kodoris pira kolmeurneobaSi mTavari agronomis

ipolite inalifasa da ekonomistis valeri xecurianis, me vityodi

mamaSvilur (asakis mixedviT) urTierToba. ipolit inalifa

gaxldaT cnobili afxazi mwerlis - sazogado moRvawis Salva

inalifas Zma. TviT ipolit inalifa am kolmeurneobis mTavari

agronomi iyo, xolo valerian xecuriani am kolmeurneobaSi

muSaobda kolmeurneobis mTavar ekonomistad. sxvaTa Soris es

is periodia, roca is is iyo, rom afxazeTSi saomari moqmedeba

daiwyo.

samwuxaroa, rom uaxloes periodSi uSualo mezoblebi-

afxazebi (aZubJa) da qarTvelebi (axaldaba) afxazeTis omis dros

erTmaneTs daundoblad ekveTnen da saboloo jamSi axaldaba

miwisagan pirisa aRgaves.

axaldaba dausaxlebel teritoriaze damkvidrda 1939-1940-ian

28

SoTa xecuriani

wlebSi da erT-erTi maRal ganviTarebul soflad warmoCinda.

Znelia aRwera im movlenebisa, rac am mdinare kodoris marcxena

mxares mdebare Semkuli sofeli ganadgurda. amboben, ram

mosaxleobis zogierTi warmomadgeneli WebSiac ki Cayares (aseTi

xmebi gavrcelda maSin).

axladCasaxlebulma soflebma - axaldabam, axalma kindRma,

cageram, aradum da sxvebma konkurenciis pirobebSi mTeli

oCamCiris agraruli bazari daikava.

maxsovs, rom aRniSnul soflebs kargi urTierToba hqondaT,

afxazur soflebTan. Tumca, moxda is rac moxda. dRes iq

gaurkveveli viTarebaa didad samwuxarod.

saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo institutis da mTavrobis

Semdeg (1953 wels) sxva 19 kursdamTavrebulTan erTad

saqarTvelos mTavrobam - partiis centralurma komitetma

gagvanawila da me maT Soris oCamCiris II mts-Si movxvdi. daviniSne

ubnis ufrosad. II mts-is direqtori maSin, CemTvis kargad

cnobili soxumis subtropikuli teqnikumis yofili saswavlo

nawilis gamge - oCamCireli aqvsenti marxulia gaxldaT, romelmac

Zalze gaixara, roca afxazeTis soflis meurneobis saministroSi

Sevxvdi, amjerad rogorc institut damTavrebuli specialisti.

im dResve Camiyvana sofel tamiSis teritoriaze ganlagebul

mts-is direqciaSi da im saRamosve brZanebiT gamamwesa im ubanSi,

romelSiac Sedioda: axaldaba, axali kindRi, cagera, aradu da

a.S. kolmeurneobebi.

es is periodia, rodesac nikita xruSCovi moevlina sabWoTa

kavSiris, rogorc pirveli piri. xruSCovma gansakuTrebiT

daiwyo „reformebi“, romlis Sesabamisad male mts-ebSi momuSave

specialistebi gadagviyvanes uSualod kolmeurneobebSi im

pirobiT, rom specialistebs dagvevala uaxloes 2-3 weliwadSi

unda dagveyenebina fexze kolmeurneoba da Sesabamisad

miviRebdiT maRal anazRaurebas. manamde ki mxolod 30 maneTs

29

SoTa xecuriani

miviRebdiT. piradad CemTvis es procesi uaRresad mZime gamodga,

radgan es im dros moxda, ufro sworad Cemi ojaxisTvis rTulad

dasaZlevi gaxda. es ase vTqvaT, reforma, radgan swored am

periodSi daviwye Cemi ojaxis formireba. SeiZleba Tavic ki

SegawyineT Cemi ojaxis Seqmnisa da formirebis aRweriT, magram

Tavs uflebas mivcem zogi, ram gavavrco - radgan minda erTgvarad

STavagono axalgazrdobas, rom ojaxis Seqmna garkveulwilad

dakavSirebulia, raRac gambedaobasTan, riskTan. ekonomikuri

viTareba am dros garkveulwilad ganmsazRvrelia.

me amjerad Sevwyvet saubars Cemi ojaxis SeqmniT da Semdgomi

ganviTarebis procesze da am sakiTxs calke gamovyof, amjerad

davasruleb axal garemoSi adamianTa adaptirebis process

zogadad, Tumca am procesze gavlenas TavisTavd axdens ojaxuri

mdgomareoba. ufro metic adaptirebis procesma Tavis mxriv

SeiZleba didi gavlena moaxdinos ojaxebis formirebaze.

adaptirebis procesis mkafiod Camoyalibebis mizniT daviwyeb

imiT, Tu rogor warimarTa es procesi Cemi soflis cageras

mosaxleobisaTvis.

avRniSne da gavimeoreb, rom axal mSenebare soflis

teritoriaze ar arsebobda sasmeli wyali. wyali, romelic

SeiZleba iTqvas uaRresad aucilebelia adamianis sicocxlisaTvis.

biologiurad adamians sakvebis miRebis gareSe ramdenime dRes

SeuZlia sicocxlisunarianobis SenarCuneba, maSin, roca uwyloba

xelis tiTebze CamoTvlili dReebis ganmavlobaSic ver SeZlebs

sicocxlisunarianobis SenarCunebas.

ver vityvi, rom axali soflis wyliT uzrunvelyofis

sakiTxze aravin zrunavda. diax, pirveli saxlis mSeneblobis

dawyebisTanave daiwyo adgilze wylis moZeba. gadawyda, rom

Cveulebrivad gruntis wylebis gamoyenebis mizniT dawyebuli

Webis mowyoba; saerTod Wis simaRle aq 10-12 metrisa iyo, radgan

sofeli garkveul zeganze iyo ganlagebuli. miuxedavad aseTi

30

SoTa xecuriani

siRrmidan, miRebuli wylisa male gairkva, rom uvargisi aRmoCnda.

igi TvaliT dasanaxavi WiebiT da cxadia uxilavi mikrobebiT

aRmoCnda dabinZurebuli.

aseT viTarebaSi, romel adaptirebaze SeiZleba saubari.

mTavrobam gaiTvaliswina es garemoeba da moZiebuli iqna

maRali xarisxis wyaros wyali mezobel (10 km siSoreSi) sofelSi,

romelic gamoyvanili iqna specialuri milebiT. ase rom es

procesi mogvarda Tumca ramdenime wlis Semdeg.

ramdenadac gasakviri ar unda Candes axali soflis

mSeneblobis dawyebis dros ratomRac ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli

soflis eleqtroficirebis sakiTxi, albaT es iyo erT-erTi

mizezi imisa, rom centraluri, metic strategiuli Tbilisi

soWis mimarTulebis trasaze (marjvniv da marcxniv) ganlagebuli

sofeli saerTod eleqtroficirebis gareSe darCa TiTqmis

1960-ian wlebamde. cxadia soflis strategiuli ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT es movlena mniSvnelovan uaryofiT moqmedebas

ganapirobebda. swored aseTma midgomam ganapiroba, rom

axladaSenebuli sofeli, romelic TiTqmis mTeli afxazeTis

maStabiT awarmoebda colikauris vazis gamoyvanas - am mizniT

aq aSenda vazis sasaTbure meurneoba, aseve dafuZnda sasaTbure

meurneoba. orTave es obieqti eleqtroenergiis, rom aRaraferi

vTqvaT, Tundac Soreul perspeqtivaSi gazis gamoyenebaze -

mxolod da mxolod SeSis gamoyenebaze dafuZnda. am viTarebam

gamoiwvia adgilobrivi tyeebis masiuri gamoyeneba SeSis masalad.

rom aRaraferi vTqvaT TavisTavad tye-buCqnarebis gadayvanaze

sasoflo-sameurneo savargulTa kategoriaSi.

Tu obieqturad mivudgebiT sakiTxs, (sxvanairad ki arc

SeiZleba) yovelive am CamoTvlilma viTarebam, rbilad rom

vTqvaT gamaRizianeblad imoqmeda adgilobriv mosaxleobaze.

rodesac saubaria axalmosaxleobis adaptirebis sakiTxi

axal garemoSi, cxadia rTuli dasaZlevi xdeba ara mxolod

31

SoTa xecuriani

fsiqologiurad, aramed nostalgia wlebis ganmavlobaSi mravali

Taobis sacxovrisis, mama-papiseuli sasaflaoebis mitoveba da

a.S.

maxsovs babuaCemma (mamaCemis mamam) Cveni gadasaxlebis

sirTuleebi ver gadaitana da moulodnelad gardaicvala maSin,

roca Wur-marani moinaxula.

Znelia mainc darwmuneba adgilobrivi mosaxleobisa, rom

axalmosaxleoba es aris qveynis (sruliad) saqarTvelos

momavlis gaumjobeseba da a.S. cxadia gasaTvaliswinebelia isic,

rom adgilobrivi mosaxleoba sakmaod laRad grZnobda Tavs

Camosaxlebul ase vTqvaT, Tavisufal garemoSi, sadac faqtiurad

Sromis, arc Tu ise daZabvis pirobebSi xeli miuwvdebodaT

bunebrivi tye-buCqnarebisa da saerTod mTeli bunebrivi garemos,

mdinareTa uxvTevzianoba da a.S. uxvad (RvTiskurTxeul) arsebul

sikeTeebze.

aqve SeiZleba avRniSnoT, rom arc Casaxlebuli da arc

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba yvela CamoTvlil da (CamouTvlel)

movlenebTan dakavSirebiT iuridiuli termini rom vixmaroT

danaSauli ar CaudeniaT. es yvelaferi xom mTavrobis

xelisuflebis, maT Soris sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvanelobis

gadawyvetilebebisa da dadgenilebebis safuZvelze

xorcieldeboda. amitom vambobT, rom ra daaSava afxazeTSi

Casaxlebulma qarTvelebma (qarTulma soflebma) im soflebma,

rogoric iyo (diax iyo da dRes iq nasoflarebia mxolod) cagera,

aradu, koCaris, beslaxubis, axaldaba, (oCamCiris raionSi)

aseve gulrifSis, soxumis, gudauTis, gagris axalmosaxleoebbi

iqneb metic soflis civilizaciis procesia „damnaSave“ da ara

romelime pirovnuli subieqti?

gana mudmivad darCeboda auTvisebeli (gamoyenebuli) is

bunebrivi landSaftebi, tye-koromebi Tu Waobebic ki. ra Tqma

unda ara dRes ara xval civilizacia (ubralod ganviTarebis

32

SoTa xecuriani

procesebi) yvelas da yvelafers „aRgavda miwisagan pirisa“, gana

mxarze Semomjdari zariani qoris sanavardod darCebi da kindRis

Tu nebismieri sxva „samwyere“ adgilebi, zRvis daWaobebul

teritoriaze. maxovs kargad ra uzarmazari zomis Tevzis

„sacavebi“ samudamod SerCeboda ase „guluxv“ mdinareebs? ori

kaci Tu Seudgeboda did Tevzebs da ise miaqanebdnen TavianTi

saxlebisaken adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi - ankesebiTa Tu

raRac „xvirebiT“ Tu sxva xelnakeTi samarqvebiT Tevzaobdnen

da nadirobdnen bunebriv wyalsatevebsa Tu Rele-RuleebSi,

Semdeg ki TandaTan momravlda asafeTqebeli nivTierebani,

eleqtromowyobilobebi Tu sxva „civilizaciis sikeTeebi“, rom

gamoiyeneboda imisaTvis, rom musri gaevloT bunebis „naSen-

naloliavebis“ saqveyno simdidreebi!

ar minda „vusayveduro“ adgilobriv mcxovreblebs, imisaTvis,

rom ase xarbad „rom gadafarebodnen“ bunebis namoRvawars:

mravalnair nobaTs, wyaluxv da Tevzuxv mdinareebsa da tborebs

Tu mdinaris SesarTavebSi, rom moeyaraT Tavi ase mravlad. mxarze

Semjdari zariani qorebis nacvlad civilizaciam ukve TofiaraRiT

aRWurva adamiani. tye-buCqnarebsa da bunebriv saZovar-

buCqnarebSi, rom mravlobdnen adgilobrivi jiSis, (ufro ujiSo)

saqonlis imedad, erT-or litra rZes Tu Camowvelidnen umetes

wilad mamakacebi TavianT ezo-wineTSi didi moli rom hqondaT

TiToeul ojaxs mkvidr mosaxleTagan. diax, gulsatkenia, is rom

aseT uxv-bunebriv dovlaTian qveyanaSi ase, rom nebivrobdnen

cxenze amxedrebulni Tu fexosnebi kviraobiT, rom eaxlebodnen

erTi raionidan meoreSi mTeli afxazeTis teritoriaze

aqa-iq gabneul meCxerad gansaxlebul adgilobrivebs diax!

adgilobrivebs, Tumca ase rom aviwydebodaT rom es simdidreebi

bunebis naboZebi iyo yvela im adamianTaTvis, romlebic sruliad

saqarTvelos, misi yvela kuTxis, gansxvavebuli Tundac

religiuri, konfesiuri Tu sxva adaT-Cvevebisa magram, saerTo-

33

SoTa xecuriani

erovnul, mezoblur - naTesauri jilagisa da sxva Tundac

zogadkacobriuli mTlianobis Semqmnel ama qveynis mowile

adamianebis kuTvnilebas, rom warmoadgenda bolos da bolos

an Tundac xom dasrulda is baton-ymuri, gnebavT feodaluri

warsuls midevnebuli kuTxur-gankerZoebuli urTierTobebi.

Tumca aris is sirTuleebi, romelic dakavSirebulia

adamianTa modgmis mravlobasTan. gana ar unda virwmunoT, rom

sayovelTao movlenaa kacTa mravloba am qveyanaze, izrdeba

ara mxolod ubralod ricxovnoba adamianTa, cxovelTa da sxva

da sxva momxarebelTa ama bunebisa, ase vTqvaT, progresulad

maTematikuri progresiT, maSin roca am mravlebulTa moxmarebis

sagnebis, nivTebisa Tu sxva sikeTeTa mravloba (zrda) ki

ariTmetikuli progresiiT „misdevs“ mxolod am mravlobas anu

erTi SexedviT mdgomareoba gamouvali xdeba imis gamo, rom ar

izrdeba es isedac mcire zomis „dedamiwa - sarCen-sabadebeli

adamianisa“. maS ra vqnaT? aris aseTi gamosavali uTuod ase

aris arsebuli bunebrivi simdidreebiT, gnebavT miwisa da a.S.

gamoyeneba intensiuri gziT, mTavrdeba epoqa eqstensiuri

gamoyenebisa da iwyeba intensiuri gamoyenebis-intensifikaciis

aucilebloba. aseTia kanoni ganviTarebisa zogadad.

diax, swored amitomac aris saWiro adaptireba zogadad

yvelasaTvis da ara mxolod axalmosaxleTaTvis axal garemoebebis

urTules gzaze. es kargad unda esmodes adamianTa modgmas.

amisaTvis aris saWiro meti goniereba ubralod codna da niWiereba

adamianTa modgmisa, rom iswavlos adaptireba urTules garemoSi,

romelic momavalSi kidev da kidev met niWierebas moiTxovs

adamianisagan. saWiroa yoveli goji miwis sxva simdidreebis,

maT Soris gansakuTrebiT gamolevadi simdidreebis efeqturad

gamoyenebaa saWiro upirvelesad yovlisa iq sadac erTi adamiania,

Tu meore miemateba Sesabamisad Semcirdeba garemo orjeradad an

iqneb metadac. ufro martivad, rom vTqvaT adamianebis mouwevT

34

SoTa xecuriani

ufro mijriT cxovreba, ise ki ara erT 0,25 ha, an kidev ufro

mcire ekuTvnodes, xolo meores vinc ar unda iyos is, aTjer

Tu kidev ufro meti unda hqondes igive is sawyisi qoneba,

romelic bunebas uboZebia ama qveynis mkvidrTaTvis. kidev ufro

gamokveTilad Tu vityviT morCa is dro roca ase frTagaSlili,

rom davTareSobdiT am bunebis sanaxebSi. miiwie cota - „gaCoCdi“

da meti momeci am qveyanaze saarsebo.

maxsovs mwared da unda vTqva erTi aseTi ram: roca „airia

monasteri“ afxazeTSi omiswina periodSi sofelSi var da erT-

erTi afxazi mosaxle - specialisti meubneba xelis gaSveriT

- is miwebi cageris teritoriisken iSvers xels - „cxenisyals“

gadaeciTo. am dros Cveulebrivi glexi - afxazi qalbatoni

eubneba afxazurad: - „xaSaros vara“, da me rom gamego megrulad

ambobs: „aTe Cqin mosavals saqonel Wkomuns da sxvaS naTesebs

vaujinaTo Tqva“. diax, diax, Tavis kuTvnils mouareTo, vidre

sxvis naloliavebs uyurebTo, ase xarbi TvalebiT. asea diax, ase

saWiro adamiano gaige kargad.

diax, namdvilad moxda adaptireba, ufro metic, mSvenivrad

SeeCvia adamianebi erTmaneTs. dasawyisSi rigiTi urTierToba

Seicvala da adamianebi amjerad ukve keTilmezoblobiT

ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs. naTlia-naTlulobani daiwyes

adgilobriv da axaldasaxlebulTa Soris.

daiwyo axali miwebis aTviseba, bunebrivi landSaftebis adgili

axalma baR-venaxebma, Caisa da citrusebis plantaciebma, venaxebma

daikava. mevenaxe - specialistebi erTgvar sruliad uangaro

konsultaciebs atarebdnen colikauris jiSis vazis nargavebis

movla-moyvanis saqmeSi, samagierod adgilobrivi mosaxleobidan

iTvisebdnen Tambaqos, evgenoluri rehanis, geranisa da sxva

„axali“ kulturebis movla-moyvanis agroteqnologias. Seiqmna

mecxoveleobis, mefrinveleobis, meRoreobis fermebi. aSenda

sxvadasxva saxelosnoebi, wisqvili, samWedlo da a.S. axalaSenebul

35

SoTa xecuriani

sofel cageraSi aman, TavisTavad miizida adgilobrivi mosaxleoba

da a.S.

samwuxarod aseTi „siam-tkbiloba“ didxans rodis gagrZelda.

daiwyo meore msoflio omi, mosaxleoba upirveles yovlisa

axalfexmodgmuli adamianebi - axalgazrdebi, saSualo skolis

bolo aTwledis damTavrebuli uwver-ulvaSo biWebic ki jarSi

gaiwvies: ratomRac am mxrivac iyo garkveuli „uTanabrobebi“

jarSi gawvevis dros. ase, rom daicala sofeli vaJkacebisagan.

mTeli avan-Cavani moxucebs, qalebsa da bavSvebs daawva mxrebze.

maxsovs, Cveni soflis saukeTeso axalgarzdebis Tvalcremliani

gacilebis procesebi.

me maSin skolis moswavle viyavi da mamakaci maswavleblebis

adgilze qali maswavleblebi Caenacvlen.

36

SoTa xecuriani

IV. cagera meore msoflio omis dros

dasawyisSive avRniSnav, rom amjerad me ar vapireb Cemi soflis

(cageras) Sesaxeb raime monografiuli tipis aRweras es me calke

maqvs dawyebuli da Tu movaswari gavagrZeleb am mimarTulebiT

muSaobas. amjerad ki zogadad Sevexebi meore msoflio omis

gavlenas axalmosaxle soflebis mSeneblobaze da zogadad

am procesTan dakavSirebul movlenebs anu Tu rogor SeZlo

axalsoflebma fexze wamodgoma omis Sedegebis gavlenis Semdeg.

gavimeoreb, rom sofel cagerazea saubari. igi ganzogadebuli

maxasiaTebelia zogadad afxazeTSi axladCasaxlebuli soflebis

ganviTarebis arsebobisa da adaptirebas axal garemoSi. amiT

imis Tqma minda, rom STavagono adgilobriv mosaxleobas, rom

jer erTi axalCasaxlebulni arc Tu ise enTuziazmiT wavidnen

axal garemoSi SesaCvevad, roca mTeli saukuneebis manZilze

naloliavebi naamagari garemo datoves da miaSures sruliad

ucnob garemoSi, Tumca erTi wuTiTac ar unda davuSvaT imis

gaazrebac ki, rom es ar aris Cveni qveynis sruliad saqarTvelos

ganuyofeli nawili Crdilo-dasavleT saqarTvelo, romelic

istoriulad, yovel SemTxvevaSi, sruliad mcire gamonaklisisa,

yovelTvis saqarTvelos ganuyofel teritorias warmoadgenda.

amdenad, ar vici ra iyo CvenTvis dasayvedri vinmesgan.

axalmosaxleobam cxadia, ZvelmosaxleobasTan erTad, Tumca

Znelia ganisazRvros ra TanafardobiT, magram erTad diax,

erTad SevZeliT am, meti rom ar vTqvaT naxevrad xeluxlebeli

garemos gakeTilSobileba. diax, gakeTilSobileba SeiZleba

ewodos am baR-bostnebs, mindor-velebs, vazis, citrusebis,

Cais da sxva subtropikuli kulturebis axal zvar-sanaSenebs

rom warmoadgenda ise mokles droSi da didad samwuxarod ase

rom aixdines ocneba adgilobriv mosaxleobam es naTqvami iqneb

gadaWarbebulic iyos da yvelas ar ekuTvnis, Tumca bolos mainc

37

SoTa xecuriani

TiTqmis cota Tu vinme darCa imaTgan vinc e.w. „priSletebio“

rom eZaxdnen axal mosaxleobas, romlebmac kidev erTxel vityvi,

rom adgilobrivebTan erTad SromiT rom gaakeTilSobiles es

maradiuli Tvalmargaliti, afxazeTis „riveras“ rom eZaxdnen

gadamTielebi da romelTa sajiriTo, rom gaxda es saocnebo

„rivera“.

diax, amjerad unda vTqvaT da RmerTma qnas, rom ise wasuliyos

Cveni qveynis, sruliad saqarTvelos, misi Crdilo-dasavleTis -

afxazeTis saqme rom sruliad dagvviwyebodes aseTi Canawerebi.

amin!!! ase moxdes.

maS ase, mimZims, magram amjerad mainc iZulebuli var is

davwero, rac Cems cxovrebaSi mwared gadavitane da piradad mets

arafers vityvi, magram vityvi imas, rom cagera Cemi dResac aRar

cagerobs - igi miwasTan aris gasworebuli, amjerad gavixseneb

erT CemTvis sagulisxmo Canawers, romelic Cems arqivSi inaxeba.

gamaxsenda da minda giTxraT erTi aseTi ram me

subtropikuli meurneobis institutSi kvalifikaciis amaRlebis

kursebTan vatarebdi leqciebs da amdenad maTi swavlebis iseT

meTodebs viyenebdiT, rogoric aris warmoebaSi damkvidrebuli

gamocdilebis azrTa urTierT gaziarebas vanviTarebdiT da erT-

erTi praqtikuli mecadineobiT Cavatare. msmenelebi migvyavda

gudauTaSi erT-erT meCaieobis msxvil sawarmoSi (kolmeurneobaSi)

romlis meTauri gaxldaT gamocdili meurne socialisturi

Sromis gmiri. aiba aqve araoficialuri tradiciisamebr

yovelTvis monawileobda mezobeli, aseve warmatebuli (sawarmos)

meCaieobis mimarTulebis kolmeurneobis, romlis Tavmjdomare

ase warmatebuli pirovneba gaxldaT Tarkili. agreTve pirovneba

afxazi erovnebisanni didi avtoritetiT sargeblobdnen

afxazeTSi, sruliad saqarTveloSi da sabWoTa kavSirSi.

Cemi msmenelebi garkveuli mowonebiT ismendnen am

meurneobis bazaze Catarebul gamocdilebas da iziarebdnen

38

SoTa xecuriani

kidec imdenad, rom cdilobdnen TavianT meurneobebSic ki

ramdenadme gamoeyenebinaT aqauri gamocdileba.

diax, gavixsene es pirovnebebi da meurneobebi, romelTanac

subtropikuli meurneobis institutis koleqtivs uaRresad

axlo urTierToba hqondaT. Tumca bolo wlebSi moxda ise, rom

es urTierToba, meti rom ar vTqvaT, raRac saCoTiro gaxda

maxsendeba faqtiurad Cveni msmenelebis bolo mecadineoba, roca

daZabuloba gamowveuli „lixnis werilis“ gamoqveynebis Semdeg

faqtiurad CaiSala, Tumca Cvenma maspinZelma aibam afxazuri pewis

gaTvaliswinebiT yovelnairad Seecada msmenelebs Seuracxyofa

ar egrZnoT, magram, samwuxarod mcdeloba faqtiurad

naklebSedegiani aRmoCnda da Cvenc iZulebulni gavxdiT

davbrunebuliyaviT q. soxumSi institutSi. ase, rom amis Semdeg

Cven msgavsi mecadineobebi praqtikulad SevwyviteT da maSin

samwuxarod moxda is, rac moxda. daiwyo mkveTri dapirispireba

da sabolood didad samwuxarod, viTareba saomar moqmedebebSi

gadaizarda, romelic dasrulda qarTvelebisa da afxazebis

urTierTganSorebiT, Tu aseTi Sefaseba SeiZleba, sakmarisi

gaxdes im viTarebis aRwerisaTvis, rac afxazeTSi ganviTarda.

es ise gavixsene - erT-erTi mwvave epizodi. amjerad

davubrundeT meore msoflio omis movlenas da am fonze

axladCasaxlebuli soflebis mdgomareobas am mZime (yvelasaTvis)

periodSi.

meore msoflio omis periodSi raRac garkveuli Taviseburi

viTareba Seiqmna imdenad, ramdenadac axaldasaxlebebi. maT Soris

cagera strategiul trasaze iyo gansaxlebuli. zustad Suaze

iyo gayofili sofeli, Tumca soflis pirobiTad zeda nawili

ufro adre aSenda da amdenad am mxriv aRmoCnda meti obieqtebi,

vTqvaT saSeni masalebis sawyobi. sxvaTaSoris biZaCemma am sawyobSi

daiwyo sawyobis gamged muSaoba. igi marTalia mniSvnelovani

klasikuri ganaTlebiT ar gamoirCeoda, magram muSaobda

39

SoTa xecuriani

sxvadasxva adgilze, jer qvemosvaneTSi Rvinis sardafSi, sadac

mamaCemma daasaqma iq. aseve muSaobda guriaSi (sufsaSi), ase rom

angariSgeba da dRevandeli terminiT rom vTqvaT menejeruli

urTierToba sakmaod kargad esmoda.

samSeneblo sawyobis gverdiT Tavisi saxlis mSeneblobac

daiwyo biZaCemma da male iq gadavediT sacxovreblad.

sxvaTaSoris es adgili mTeli soflis centrad warmoCinda.

iqve biZaCemis winadadebiT arsebuli patara sasaflaos

mowesrigeba daiwyes. aq am droisaTvis mxolod samiode saflavi

iyo adgilobrivi (megreli - qarTveli mosaxleobisa). maTi

patronebi moSorebiT md. cxeniswylis piras cxovrobdnen gvarad

bebia - sul xuTi komli cxovrobda.

maxsovs, am patara sasaflaos ganapira sakmaod didi

rcxila idga, romelic imdenad Zveli iyo, rom uzarmazari Rru

hqonda, sadac bavSvebi vTamaSobdiT da wvimaSi Tavs vafarebdiT,

iqve mindorSi Zroxebs vaZovebdiT.

meore msoflio omi imdenad gaZlierda, rom ukve kavkasiis

qedzec ki Semodga fexi germanelma faSistebma (ase eZaxdnen

maSin germanel jariskacebs). kerZod gadmoabijes sofel

fsxus midamoebSi, sadac svani mosaxleoba sakuTari ZalebiT

SeebrZolnen, Tumca aqa-iq mainc axerxebdnen Semosvlas.

maxsovs, soxumi orjer daibomba germanelebis TviTmfrinavebiT.

erTma germanelma bombdamSenma soxumidan sakmaod Sors 50-60km-

ze gamoiwia. roca caSi sadRac Sors Tvalsawier simaRleze

awarmoebda dazverviT frenas, raRac varskvlaviviT feTqebadi

bombebi gaisrola haerSi. me maSin marto viyavi (Zroxas vaZovebdi)

da raRac futkris bzuilis magvari mkveTri xma momesma haeridan

da is iyo SiSisagan swored xis fuRuroSi Sevxti instiqturad,

is iyo, rom raRac wamiT movaswari gadaxtoma da xis fuRuroSi

Sevafare Tavi. am dros swored iq, sadac erTi wamis win videqi,

raRac CaerWo miwaSi da boli amovarda haerSi. me SiSma amitana,

40

SoTa xecuriani

megona rom bombi daeca da ai exla afeTqdeba meTqi vifiqre da

xmamaRali yvirili movrTe. samalavidan ar gamovdivar, Tumca

SiSma amitana - ai exla afeTqdeba meTqi.

saidan sadao da, (iqneb RmerTma gadmomxeda) mindvris bolos

axladaSenebul soflis samWedlodan mWedeli arCil bendeliani

gamorboda, romelsac xelSi jer kidev gavarvarebuli rkinis

maSa eWira da rom daminaxa aq ra gindodao mkiTxa. mec vaniSne,

is adgili, saidanac boli amodioda miwidan. man imwamsve

gaxurebuli rkinis samarjviT amoaZro is gavarvarebuli rkinis

naWeri, romelic is iyo TviTmfrinavma Camoagdo. patara rkinis

naWers raRac cifrebic hqonda CabeWdili.

diax, ase davmSviddi da gamovedi samalavidan.

ar vici, bedis ironiaa Tu ra damTxveva iyo, is xe, romelsac

Tavi Sevafare male siZvelis gamo waiqca da Semdeg waiRo

viRacam. swored xis adgilze SemdegSi dedaCemi davasaflaveT,

SemdgomSi ki iqve mamaCemi, biZaCemi da bicolaCemi davasaflaveT,

es mogvianebiT iyo, roca aRniSnuli mindori saerTod cageras

soflis sasaflaod iqca. vfiqrob, is xec raRac simboluri iyo,

rom aRniSnuli sasaflao afxazeTis omis dros qarTvelTa da

afxazTa saomari moqmedebis arealad gadaiqca.

samwuxarod am sasaflaoze Cemi ori vaJiSvilis saflavic aris.

diax, aris gaveranebuli, gaZarculi, gadaTelili da iavarqmnili.

diax, diax, aRniSnuli sasaflao brZolis asparezad iqca da

moxda is, rasac aravin moeloda: sasaflaoze miuxedavad imisa,

rom saomari moqmedebebi drodadro mZafrdeboda, mosaxleoba

mainc xSirad iyrida aq Tavs da Tavis micvalebulebs pativs

miagebdnen tradiciisamebr.

samwuxarod aRniSnul sasaflaoze ukve sabrZolo moqmedebebis

dros pirveli axalgazrda kuxalaSvili dakrZales. igi snaiperis

tyviam imsxverpla koCara-cagera-cxeniswylis (afxazuri

soflis) gzajvaredinze tye-buCqnarian maRlobze. am samwuxaro

41

SoTa xecuriani

mdgomareobaze brZolis xazidan me damireka meomarma tristan

daraxveliZem. man, rogorc Cans ar endo saxeldaxelo StabSi

arsebul e.w. aRmosavleT frontis faqtiur xelmZRvanels

jaba ioselians, aqve imyofebodnen afxazeTis ministri goga

xaindrava da sxvebi. maT Soris iyvnen Zmebi vaSakiZeebi, romlebic

aqtiurad ibrZodnen afxazeTSi. mebrZoli jgufis xelmZRvanelma

cagerelma tristan daraxveliZem raciiT piradad me damikavSirda

da moiTxova damatebiTi sabrZolo Zalebi migvevlinebina maT

dasaxmareblad. ar iyo advili saqme, radgan soflis pirveli

msxverplis Semdeg sakmaod didi panika Seiqmna, radgan raoden

gasakviri unda iyos, frontis xazze gadiodnen ara mxolod

uSualod mebrZolebi, aramed faqtiurad mTeli sofeli CarTuli

iyo brZolebSi - dedebi Svilebs amaragebdnen sursaTiT, tyvia-

wamalsac awvdida da a.S.

patiebas viTxov mkiTxvelisagan imisaTvis, meore msoflio omis

sakiTxebze saubridan „gaviwieT“ afxazeTis saomari moqmedebebis

ambebisaken, magram es gamoiwvia im viTarebam, rom meore msoflio

omis raRac epizods Seexo im sasaflaos teritorias, romelic

afxazeTis tragikuli omis viTarebasTan aRmoCnda dakavSirebuli.

mivubrundeT meore msoflio oms, ramac uaRresad mZime

gavlena moaxdina axalmosaxle soflebze, rogorc pirdapiri,

ise saerTo garemoebebis Sesabamisad. Tumca amjerad minda is

movlena warmovaCino, romelic moxda swored soflis sasaflaoze,

kerZod sasaflaoze afxazeTis omis dros daRupuli cagereli

axalgazrdis tradiciuli ormocze, roca afxazuri soflis

(cxeniswyali) qvemexis pirdapiri dabombebiT daRupuli mebrZolis

kuxalaSvilis naTesavebi da gulSematkivrebi aafeTqes, roca

kaci daiRupa, daiRupa aseve kuxalaSvilis mezoblebis ojaxis

wevrebi.

roca meore msoflio omis peripetiebs vixsenebT, unda

aRiniSnos, rom cageras gavliT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos da

42

SoTa xecuriani

sabWoTa kavSirSi Semavali sxva qveynebidan uwyvet nakadad

moedineboda SeiaraRebuli meomrebi da samxedro aRWurviloba,

romelic midioda qluxoris mxridan SemoWrili faSistebis

Sesakaveblad. kavkasiis frontad wodebul am brZolebs,

rogorc cnobilia uSualod beria xelmZRvanelobda. saomari

moqmedebebs am mimarTulebebiT umeteswilad qarTveli meomrebi

da mxedarTmTavrebi ibrZodnen.

omis dros sofels faqtiurad ar Seuwyvetia produqtebis

warmoeba, asakovani 50 wels gadacilebuli mamakacebi adgilze

daasaqma xelisuflebam, kerZod, Seqmnes brigada omisaTvis, rom

aeTvisebinaT Savi zRvis sanapiros zolSi jer kidev auTvisebeli

metwilad daWaobebuli tye-buCqnarebi, sadac ZiriTadad

simindis da baRCa-bostneulis Tesva-moyvanas awarmoebdnen. am

gziT aTvisebul miwebs „bronis yanebs“ uwodebdnen, radgan am

miwebze miRebul mosavals jaris nawilebis momaragebisTvisac

iyenebdnen. am formiT faqtiurad aTvisebul iqna Savi zRvis

sanapiros zoli, romelic Semdgom kolmeurneobas gadaeca

sasoflo-sameurneo savargulis saxiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom

es miwebi metad uxvmosavliani aRmoCnda, radgan aqauri miwebi

bunebrivi procesebis Sesabamisad mdidari, neSompala humusiT

iyo gamdidrebuli da adre damuSavebul miwebTan SedarebiT 4-5-

jer met mosavals iZleoda.

Tavis mxriv, miwebis am wesiT aTvisebam xeli Seuwyo zRvispira

zolis, ase vTqvaT, gakeTilSobilebas im mxrivac, rom adre

es teritoria faqtiurad malariis budes rom warmoadgenda,

TavisTavad gakeTilSobilda aTviseba-amoSrobis meSveobiT. am

zolSi damatebiT tardeboda agreTve melioraciuli samuSaoebi,

romelic gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda omis damTavrebis Semdeg.

aseve am zolSi tardeboda koRoebis gamravlebis sawinaaRmdego

qimiuri RonisZiebebi.

Tumca SavizRvispira TiTqmis samkilometriani zoli

43

SoTa xecuriani

xelSeuxebel zonad aqcia e.w. sakavSiro mTavrobam da akrZala

am zonaSi yovelgvari mSenebloba, gansakuTrebiT mosaxleobis

Casaxlebis procesi. Znelia Tqma imisa, Tu ra iyo amis mizezi.

omis periodSi sofelSi, romelic trasaze iyo

ganlagebuli TiTqmis yoveldRiurad Semodioda samxedro

sazidrebi(umeteswilad cxenis sazidrebi), romelTac

aralegalurad SemohqondaT sofelSi qerisa da Svriis

marcvleuliT savse tomrebi da mosaxleobas ucvlidnen

ZiriTadad arayisa da Rvinis sanacvlod. am viTarebam kargi

samsaxuri gauwia mosaxleobas damatebiTi SedarebiT iafi

sursaTiT momaragebis saqmeSi. TiTqmis yvela ojaxma gaimarTa

xeliTsafqvavi mowyobilobani da am gziT puris (gamomcxvari)

magivrobas rom asrulebda. Tumca Cveulebrivi xorblis puris

ararsebobam, romelsac mTlianad cvlida da simindis fqviliT

gamomcxvarma mWadma mosaxleobaSi specifikuri kanis daavadeba

gamoiwvia.

sofelSi mwvave danakliss ganicdidnen aseve tansacmlisa da

fexsacmlis saxiT.

naTqvamia adamiani imitom aris adamiani, rom gansxvavdeba

cxovelisagan azrovnebis gamoyenebiT anu viTarebis Sesabamisad

sofelSi samxedroebis mier Semotanil Sinelis materias

iyenebdnen tansacmlisaTvis. sofelSi erT-erTma TerZma (ase

eZaxdnen sofelSi) daiwyo e.w. galifi Sarvlebisa da samxedro

kitelis tansacmlis damzadeba. TiTqmis mTeli sofeli

am saxiT axerxebda Semosvas. erT-erTma Cveulebrivma

glexma fexsacmlis Sekerva daiwyo moZvelebuli manqanebis

saburavebisagan. diax, Tu goniereba amoqmeddeba gamosavali

SeiZleba gamoCndes samwuxarod mokle xanSi „aRmoaCines“ es ase

vTqvaT „aralegaluri“ moxeleebi da lamis gadaurCnen samxedro

tribunals.

diax, Znelia vinme daadanaSaulo iseT rTul viTarebaSi,

44

SoTa xecuriani

roca saomari moqmedebebi mtyuan-marTals aRar ansxvavebs

erTmaneTisagan da yvelaferi sicocxlis gadarCenis instiqts

eqvemdebareba mxolod.

meore msoflio omma procentuli Sefardebis mixedviT

qarTveli jariskacebis didi msxverpli gamoiwvia. qarTvelTa

meti nawili qerCis mimarTulebiT ibrZoda.

omidan mxolod mcire nawili dabrunda. maT Soris dabrundnen

cageradan gawveuli mebrZolebi. lipartelianis gvaris

erTi ojaxis sami meomridan mxolod erTi dabrunda - kako

liparteliani. xeibari dabrunda gedeon koberiZe. dabrunda

noe TuTisani, Zmebi severian da serapion xurcilavebi, saR-

salamaTi dabrunda geronti yuraSvili. yvelas veRar CamovTvli

da patiebas viTxov imaTgan vinc ver gavixsene.

jaridan dabrunebulTaTvis cageras klubis ezoSi moewyo

memoriali. jaridan dabrunebul omis veteranebisaTvis cageras

klubSi xSirad ewyoboda koncertebi da sxva RonisZiebebi.

omis Semdgom periodSi cageras mosaxleoba axali energiiT

Seudga aRmSeneblobiT muSaobas. soflis keTilmowyobis

samusaoebTan erTad farTod gaiSala axali plantaciebis gaSenebis

procesi. didi muSaoba Catarda soflis infrastruqturis

samuSaoebis mimarTulebiT da rac mTavaria daiwyo masiurad

qarsafari zolebis mSenebloba citrusebis da sxva plantaciebis

irgvliv da Sida gzebis gaswvriv. didi muSaoba Catarda evkaliptis

koromebis gaSenebisa da daWaobebul miwebze evkaliptis jgufuri

nargavebis masiurad gaSenebis mimarTulebiT ramac klimatis

gajansaReba da zedmeti tenianobis Semcireba ganapiroba saerTo

jamSi, faqtiurad, TiTqmis sabolood aRmoifxvra malariis

kerebi.

mosaxleobam daiwyo sacxovrebeli saxlebis e.w. berias

saxlebis nacvlad axali orsarTuliani saxlebis mSenebloba.

TiTqmis erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen ukeTesi ezo-karis mowyobisa

45

SoTa xecuriani

da sxva damxmare nagebobis ezoebis damSvenebis mimarTulebiT.

ar darCenila ojaxi, romelsac mowyobili ar hqonda Wur-

marani, daiwyes specialuri saTavsoebis keTilmowyoba da a.S.

sofelSi sxvadasxva tipis saxelosnoebis momravlebam,

savaWro jixurebis da sxva RonisZiebebma ganapiroba mezobel

afxazur soflebTan urTierTobis gamyareba. daiwyo skolis

mSenebloba, romlis iniciativa adgilobriv pedagogs maro

kopalians ekuTvnoda.

ase, rom Seiqmna yvela piroba soflis aRmSeneblobis, axal-

axali baR-venaxis, Caisa da citrusebisa plantaciebis farTo

masStabiT gaSenebis samuSaoebi. ase da amgvarad dRis wesrigSi

dadga sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis indensifikaciis relsebze

gadayvanis aucilebloba. aseve cnobilia indensifikaciis

aucileblobisa da misi SesaZleblobis erTianobaSi ganxilvis

problematika.

ase, rom mosaxleobis zrdis kvalobaze gaCnda rogorc

indensifikaciis aucilebloba Sesabamisad TandaTan Seiqmna

intensifikaciis SesaZleblobis mniSvnelovani faqtorebi.

46

SoTa xecuriani

V. afxazeTis a/r sasoflo-sameurneo

warmoebis intensifikaciis problemebi

afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis

problemebi, Cemi disertaciis saTaurad iqna gamoyenebuli.

cxadia es Tema SemTxveviT ar iyo SerCeuli. igi Cemi

cxovrebiseuli dakvirvebis kvalobaze warmoCinda. jer erTi me

roca subtropikuli meurneobis teqnikumi davamTavre 17-18 wlis

asakSi sakmaod mravalricxovani kolmeurneobis mTavari agronomi

viyavi da kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris moadgilis Tanamdeboba

SemiTavses. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom bavSvobis asakidan Sevudeqi

sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis Taviseburebebis Seswavlas ara

mxolod Teoriulad aramed, praqtikulad warmoebis gaZRolis

meTodebis aTvisebiT.

maxsendeba erTi aseTi momenti, kolmeurneobaSi mogvces

davaleba citrusebis gaSenebis Taobaze. roca citrusebis

plantaciis gasaSeneblad mandarinis nergi gadagvqonda

satvirTo (manqanaSi, kabinaSi Tavmjdomaris gverdiT vzivar mec)

meubneba: Sen xom icnob Cvens sofelSi p.C. cxovrobso (ar minda

gvar saxeli gavSifro) ki meTqi - vupasuxe - xo da mis ezoSi xom

araferi aris darguli - miTxra ki meTqi - vupasuxe maSin aiRe

erTi kona mandarinis nergi (TiToeul konaSi oci Ziri mandarini

iyo Sekruli) da waiyvane ori kaci da dargeT es nergebi da mere

mec wamoval da wavideT kolmeurneobis plantaciis gaSenebis

samuSaoebzeo - Tqva da mec davuZaxe axalgazrda biWebs da

marTlac davrgeT es nergebi ise, rom ojaxis arc ki gaugia -

aravin iyo saxlSi. imxanad kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare givi

vladimeris Ze meSveliani iyo.

es magaliTi imitom gavixsene, rom afxazeTSi Zalian bevr

vinmes naxavdiT, rom arc erTi xe ar iyo darguli, mosaxleoba

kmayofildeboda tyeSi bunebrivad gavrcelebuli xil-kenkra

47

SoTa xecuriani

mcenareebis ase vTqvaT „muqTad“ moweuli nayofiT.

bevri rom ar gamigrZeldes maSin afxazeTSi bevri auTvisebeli

miwebi iyo. am kurTxeul regionSi arsebuli noyieri miwebi,

xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebi ratom unda yofiliyo

gamouyenebeli? ase daibada didi survili afxazeTis sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebis intensfifikaciis gziT ganviTarebis

Taobaze.

vidre uSualod intensifikaciis Temas SevexebodeT, saWiro

iqneba zogadad agraruli urTierTobis sakiTxi iqnas ganxiluli.

rogorc meurneobis dargs soflis meurneobas axasiaTebs

rigi Taviseburebebi, kerZod:

1) soflis meurneobis dargSi mWidrodaa gadajaWvuli

ekonomikuri da bunebrivi procesebi. amdenad soflis

meurneobis warmoeba viTardeba rogorc obieqturi ekonomikuri

kanonebis, aseve cocxali organizmebis (mcenareTa da cxovelTa)

ganviTarebis biologiuri kanonzomierebebiT. amdenad soflis

meurneobis warmoebis Sedegobrivi maCveneblebi xdeba maTi

mniSvnelovani zegavleniT. aqve vupasuxoT, rom afxazeTSi

soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis arsebobs uaRresad

xelsayreli bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi soflis meurneobis

dargis ganviTarebasTan. Tu ekonomikur aspeqtsac ganvixilavT

aqve unda iTqvas, rom afxazeTSi soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis

xelsayrel pirobebTan (niadagi, klimati da a.S.) arsebobs

yvela piroba am kuTxeSi turizmisa da sakurorto dargebis

ganviTarebis yvela SesaZleblobani saWiroa am mimarTulebaTa

mxolod efeqturi SeTanawyoba.

2) soflis meurneobis dargSi warmoebis mTavar, erTgvarad

Seucvlel saSualebad warmodgenilia miwa (niadagi). igi sxva

bunebriv faqtorTan rogorebic arian (wyali, mineraluri

nedleuli, Tboenergetikuli sahaero auzebi, mzis energia

da bunebriv Tburi potenciali) gvevlineba agrosamrewvelo

48

SoTa xecuriani

kompleqsis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes potencialad. es imaze

mianiSnebs, rom miwis resursebi gamoyenebul unda iqnas zemoT

aRniSnul mravalferovan resursebTan erTobliobaSi, rom

maRalefeqturi iyos mTeli saxalxo meurneobis ganviTareba.

3) soflis meurneobaSi samuSao periodi ar emTxveva

droSi wamoebis periods, rac Tavis mxriv dargis sezonurobas

ganapirobebs. am Taviseburebis Sesabamisad safiqralia saerTo

warmoebis ise warmarTva, rom aRmoifxvras wyvetileba adamianTa

moTxovnilebis sistematiurad dakmayofilebis saqmeSi, rac

Tavis mxriv warmoebis uwyvetilobisaken swrafvas ganapirobebs,

igi imavdroulad dakavSirebulia wlis ganmavlobaSi ori-sami da

meti mosavlis miRebasTan da a.S.

4) soflis meurneobis dargis teritoriuli ganfeniloba qmnis

Tavisebur sirTuleebs warmoebis maStabis koncentraciisaTvis,

rac, Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens warmoebisa da Sromis

organizaciis formebze. aRniSnuli Taviseburebani dRis wesrigSi

ayenebs erToblivi Sromis da warmoebis saSualebebis gamoyenebis

aucileblobas, Sesabamisad Cndeba aucilebloba kooperirebuli

Sromis formebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT.

5) rogorc wesi istoriulad soflis meurneobis dargSi

viTardeboda miwisa da sxva resursebis sakuTrebis, flobisa

da gamoyenebis sakiTxi. Sesabamisad agrarul urTierTobaTa

ganviTareba etapobrivad ganicdida cvlilebas. mejogeobisa

da miwaTmoqmedebis gzaze, istoriulad ganviTarda

monaTmflobeluri tipis soflis meurneoba. SemdgomSi viTardeba

feodaluri sakuTreba miwaze da yma-glexuri urTierToba.

feodaluri tipis gadmonaSTebi sakmaod SemorCa mraval qveyanaSi,

maT Soris afxazeTis regionSi feodaluri tipis warmoeba

SemorCa jer kidev meore msoflio omis winaperiodSi da ufro

mogvianebiTac.

maxsovs roca afxazeTSi aRmovCndi 1940 wlis gazafxulze,

49

SoTa xecuriani

axalmosaxleobas 0,25 ha miwis nakveTi gamouyves mijrilad,

qalaqiseburad dagegmarebul sofelSi, maSin roca 0,25-

0,5 heqtaramde miwa, ase vTqvaT ZuZudan axlad asxletili

xboebisaTvis hqondaT adgilobriv mosaxleobis did nawils,

gansakuTrebiT mTian da maRalmTiani zonis soflebSi, rom

aRaraferi vTqvaT 10 da meti heqtari miwis flobaze, romelic

marTalia araoficialurad, aramed e.w. dauwereli kanoniT

hqonda glexobis met nawils adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi. cxadia

Cvens Sors varT im azrisagan, rom vinmes SeSurdes sxvisi

qoneba maT Soris miwa, magram cxovreba, miT umetes globaluri,

integrirebuli ekonomikuri sistemis farglebSi cxadia didxans

ver SenarCundeba, miT umetes ver SenarCundeba iseTi miwebis

arseboba, romelic faqtiurad jer kidev mxolod bunebrivi tye-

buCqnarebisa da Waob-lelqaSebis periodis niSnebis matarebelia.

feodaluri sistemis wiaRSi Sobili miwaTmoqmedebis da

saerTod warmoebis kapitalistur sistemis pirobebSi Znelia

SenarCundes feodaluri tipis warmoeba Tundacimitom, rom igi

metad araefeqturia da cxovrebis amJamindeli da miTumetes

momavlis ganviTarebis tempebs verafriT ver uwyobs fexs.

istoriulad feodalizmis wiaRSi iSva warmoebis

kapitalisturi sistema. ginda ar ginda unda auba fexi axal

movlenebs, ganviTarebis axal mimarTulebebs. Tu kapitalizmi

SemoiWra sazogadoebaSi, unda ifiqro, rom dRes ara xval,

mogiwevs angariSis gaweva am movlenebisadmi. sanam SeiZleba

Caiketo Sens „ezoSi“? Tumca igi sakmaod vrcelia, magram

ganviTareba „mogawveba“ ise, rom gaiZulebs gamoxvide gareT,

gaixedav da ra xdeba? xdeba is, rom Seni karCaketiloba Senve

gayenebs zians. Tvali unda gaaxilo Torem „WaobSi“ aRmoCndebi.

„WaobSi“, romelic damyayebis fazaSi gadadis da gauval garemos

Seqmnas daiwyebs Seni feodaluri, modi ase vTqvaT Semogarenis

irgvliv. viTareba jer ridiT moawveba Sens feodalur „kedlebs“

50

SoTa xecuriani

Semdeg ki, „akafavs“ Sens irgvliv yvelafers.

maxsovs, pirutyvs vaZovebdiT bavSvebi da romeliRaca

„xelukuRmarTma“ bavSvma kvesabeds gahkra patara foladis

naWeri da naperwkali gaCnda, naperwakli, romelic „SeZvra“

feodalis Semoragvul buCqnarebSi, sadac xmeli Reroebis areSi

cecxlis patara ali ainTo. ainTo da gaRvivda imdenad, rom

Robe-yores moedo da mTlianad waekida cecxlis ali im tye-

buCqnarebs, romlis SigniT Turme viRac afxazi glexi yofila

Casaxlebuli. erT-erTma adgilobrivma pirovnebam, romelmac

kargad arc afxazuri icoda da arc megruli (qarTuli) am

noyier adgilze Tambaqos sanerge moawyo da mSvenieri Tambaqos

CiTilebis gamoyvanas Seudga xusein sofoRli.

es ambavi imitom gavixsene, rom faqtiurad daiwyo intensiuri

meurneoba. diax, diax, intensiuri anu intensifikacia gardauval

movlenad warmoCinda TavisTavad.

amasobaSi me ukve TbilisSi sasoflo-sameurneo institutis

studenti gavxdi. sabednierod me warCinebuli moswavle viyavi

da yvelgan ugamocdod miRebdnen. ex!!! ras izam aravin myavda

mrCeveli rom sadme ufro prestiJul saswavlebelSi meswavla.

Cemi mrCeveli am dros oCamCiris raikomis pirveli mdivani

aRmoCnda gvarad gvilava. man Tavis kabinetSi mixmo (me maSin

kolmeurneobis mTavar agronomad da Tavmjdomaris moadgiled

vmuSaobdi). mdivanTan gasaubrebis dros gairkva, rom centraluri

komitetidan gegma mosula ori axalgazrda gamogzavneT umaRles

saswavlebelSio. erTi soflis meurneobis xaziT, xolo meore-

samedicino institutisaTvis. xedavT samedicino institutSi

cekas gegmis mixedviT xdeboda studentTa Caricxva.

cxadia raikomis mdivanTan gasaubrebis dros „mirCies“ soflis

meurneobis xaziT gamegrZelebina swavla. verafers vityodi me

xom soflis meurneobis kadri viyavi da miTxra kidec raikomis

mdivanma - rad ginda samedicino, mindvrad muSaobas ra sjobiao.

51

SoTa xecuriani

ar minda gavagrZelo. ase aRmovCndi Tbilisis sasoflo-sameurneo

institutis studenti (ugamocdoT).

diax, iyo amaSi raRac kanonzomiereba. meore kursis studenti

roca gavxdi, orma kaTedram mimiwvia, erTi kaTedra gaxldaT

miwaTmoqmedebis, xolo meore - memcenareobis kaTedra. erTi

kaTedris xelmZRvaneli gaxldaT profesori giorgi rcxilaZe,

xolo meore kaTedris - profesori giorgi qeSelaSvili.

ai ase daiwyo Cemi saqmianoba am kaTedrebis xelmZRvanelobiT

da maTmac ar daayovnes da orTavem gadawyvites stacionaluri

mindvris cdebi dagvewyo afxazeTSi (cageraSi - oCamCiris

raionSi) wliurad ori-sami mosavlis miRebis mizniT, rogorc

erTwliani marcvleuli kulturis (ZiriTadad simindis) da sxva

mindvris sakvebi kulturebis, maT Soris baxCeul-bostneuli

kulturebis dargSi.

diax, pirvelsave gazafxulze daviwyeT am cdebis gamoyeneba

cageras kolmeurneobis bazaze. rom ar gamigrZeldes Txroba

vityvi mxolod imas, rom kargi Sedegi miviReT pirvelsave wels,

paralelurad vamuSavebdiT sarevela mcenareebis winaaRmdeg

brZolis agroteqnikur RonisZebebs.

mindvris cdebma ise TvalsaCino Sedegebi gamoiRo, rom mTeli

glexobis, maT Soris axalgazrdebis yuradReba miipyro, ar

dagimalavT imasac, rom iseT asakSi viyavi rom ratomac ara -

bevri axalgazrda gansakuTrebiT soflis mSvenieri mogonebebi

momravlda Cemi sacdeli nakveTebis irgvliv. dasawyisSi garkveuli

ridiT magram SemdgomSi „naduris“ formiT Cems nakveTebSi bevri

axalgazrda dasaqmda.

ar iqneba gadaWarbebuli Tu vityvi, rom TandaTan gaCnda

ufro farTo maStabis ideebi anu afxazeTis maStabiT soflis

meurneobis intensifikaciis problemaze muSaobis dawyebaze

daviwye fiqri.

am saqmes da saerTod Cemi sacdeli nakveTisadmi didi interesi

52

SoTa xecuriani

mas Semdeg gaCnda, roca Cemi nakveTebisa Sedegebisadmi interesi

gamoiCina erT-erTma Cemma xelmZRvanelma profesorma giorgi

rcxilaZem. minda am viTarebaSi avRniSno is, rom im droisaTvis

Tbilisis sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi uaRresad erudirebuli

mecnierebi kiTxulobdnen leqciebs da me gansakuTrebiT maTi

yuradRebis sferoSi aRmovCndi Tundac imitom, rom me asakiTac

da fizikuradac patara viyavi da amasTan erTad nebiera,

gansakuTrebiT Tbiliseli studentebis yuradRebis centrSi

aRmovCndi imiTac, rom maT yvela gamocdebis dros isini CemTan

megobrobas cdilobdnen (konsultaciis mizniT albaT).

ra damaviwyebs institutis profesuras, maT Soris dekans

profesor kolia laWyepians, petre JRents da sxvebs, romlebic

sakuTari SviliviT meferebodnen.

diax, maTze saubars ra momawyens, Tumca amjerad saubris

konteqstSi minda gavixseno Cemi cdebis xelmZRvaneli giorgi

rcxilaZe, romelic gazafxulis ardadegebis dros CemTan -

cageraSi Camovida viTarebis gasarkvevad. mas am dros axlda kaci

afxazeTis saolqo komitetidan (soxumidan) da roca cageraSi

Camovidnen me maSin momikiTxa pirvelad da kolmeurneobaSi

uTxres maT, rom me zafxulis ardadegebis dros kolmeurneobam

damavala Tambaqos daxuruli gruntis sanerge meurneobis

xelmZRvaneloba SeTavsebiT da Sroma dReebsac miricxavdnen. ase,

rom uCemod mouxda Cems xelmZRvanel baton giorgi rcxilaZes

da mis Tanmxleb pirs, Cemi cdebis monaxuleba. maT kargi

STabeWdileba darCaT da es ambavi mxolod TbilisSi swavlis

gagrZelebis dros miTxra profesorma giorgi rcxilaZem.

me guli damwyvita iman, rom am periodSi me deda gardamecvala

da ver movaxerxe aseTi Soridan mosuli Zvirfasi stumrebis

gamaspinZleba. diax, diax, miuxedavad amisa me roca dedis

gardacvalebis gamo uari vTqvi swavlis gagrZelebaze, swored

dekanma profesorma nikoloz laWyepianma da profesorma

53

SoTa xecuriani

giorgi rcxilaZem da giorgi qeSelaSvilma, studentebis jgufi

gamogzavnes CemTan sofelSi da rogorc maTgan davalebuli

hqondaT, pirdapir wamiyvanes da ase gavagrZele swavla da

davamTavre instituti warCinebiT da afxazeTSi ganawilebiT

movxvdi samuSaod oCamCiris II mts-Si. anu faqtiurad davbrundi

afxazeTSi soflis meurneobis dargSi samuSaod. ase, rom

bunebrivad, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, warimarTa Cemi muSaoba

afxazeTis soflis meurneobis problematikaze, Tumca

vxedavdi, rom kidev meti codna iyo saWiro Tundac Teoriuli

TvalsazrisiT saqmeSi CaRrmavebis TvalsazrisiT, amdenad

gaCnda survili swavlis kvlav gagrZelebisaTvis. amjerad

Seiqmna amis pirobebic im mxriv, rom TbilisSi gaixsna soflis

meurneobis akademia, (romelmac samwuxarod mxolod ramdenime

weli iarseba) sadac gamocxadda konkursi dauswrebel swavlebis

formiT. mec uaRresad rTuli konkursis pirobebSi Cavericxe

aRniSnuli akademiis miwaTmoqmedebis samecniero-kvleviT

institutis ekonomikis ganyofilebis xaziT da Sesabamisad

gadaverTe ekonomikuri mimarTulebiT da swored maSin gadawyda,

rom Cemi samecniero-kvleviTi Tema unda yofiliyo afxazeTis

sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis problema. Temis

xelmZRvanelad gamoyves uaRresad erudirebuli, keTili bunebis

adamiani petre JRenti, romelic im xanad daniSnes soflis

meurneobis warmoebis ekonomikis da organizaciis samecniero

kvleviT institutis direqtorad. diax, ase aewyo - Cemi saqmianoba

da yvela piroba Seiqmna CemTvis SerCeuli samecniero-kvleviT

Temad afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis

sakiTxebi. es Tema davamuSave cxadia afxazeTis sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebis magaliTze da Zalian rom ar gamigrZeldes,

davicavi disertacia agraruli ekonomikis dargSi 1964 wels.

maleve samuSaod gamamweses oCamCiris raionis erT-erTi wamyvani

sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis mTavar ekonomistad. diax, amjerad

54

SoTa xecuriani

ukve mTavari mimarTuleba CemTvis gaxda agraruli ekonomika. am

mimarTulebiTve 1968 wlis seqtembris Tvidan samuSaod mimiwvies

SeTavsebiT, jer saaTuri anazRaurebis formiT, xolo 1971

wlis seqtembridan ukve asistentis, xolo maleve maswavleblis

statusiT daviwye muSaoba soxumis subtropikuli meurneobis,

soflis meurneobis ekonomikisa da organizaciis kaTedraze.

diax, TiTqos yvelaferi logikurad mimdinareobs. maxsovs,

koCaraSi samecnero-konferencia Caatara soxumis subtropikuli

meurneobis institutis reqtoratma sadac TiTqmis institutis

yvela wamyvani kaTedra monawileobda maT Soris aq stumrobda

institutis erT-erTi wamyvani kaTedra - seleqcia - meTesleobis

kaTedra profesor filipe mamforias xelmZRvanelobiT. aqve

eswreboda institutis proreqtori kvalifikaciis amaRlebis

dargSi raJden faCulia (naTeli mis xsovnas). es is raJden faCulia

gaxldaT, romelic erT-erTi wamyvani figura iyo subtropikul

institutSi.

me am konferenciaze sityviT gamovedi da profesorma filipe

mamforiam maSinve aRidgina mexsierebaSi Cemi studentobis

periodi TbilisSi mdebare sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi. es is

periodia, roca sabWoTa kavSiris maStabiT, ufro metic msoflios

maStabiT mimdinareobda mecnieruli polemika. uaRresad mwvave

formiT, SeiZleba iTqvas daundoblad ebrZoda erTmaneTs

mendel-morganizmi, romelic aRiarebda genebis arsebobas da

swored, rom genebi ganagebdnen (maTi azriT) cocxali organizmis

ganviTarebis process. am formulas ewinaaRmdegeboda garemo

faqtorebis ganmsazRvreli roli cocxali organizmis marTvis

procesSi.

am ori mimarTulebis Sesabamisad mTeli msoflios maStabiT

dajgufda mecnierTa mTeli pleada. aRniSnuli mimdinareobis

Sesabamisad saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo institutis

cnobili mecnierebic or jgufad iyo gayofili. erTni,

55

SoTa xecuriani

romlis wamyvani lideri profesori filipe mamforia gaxldaT,

xolo pirobiTad meore jgufis lideri gaxldaT institutis

mecxoveleobis kaTedris gamge aRlaZe. minda isic gavixseno,

rom Cvens institutSi maSin CemTan erTad swavlobda studenti

gogoTur aRlaZe.

alfavitis Sesabamisad aRlaZe gogoTuri a jgufSi iricxeboda,

me ki Cemi gvaris wyalobiT meore - b jgufSi aRmovCndi.

pirveli semestris gamocdebis dros ukve gamoikveTa, rom

aRlaZe gogoTuri iyo warCinebuli studenti, xolo b jgufSi me

viyavi misi konkurenti.

ex!!! ras izam me ubralo glexuri wridan is ki mecnieruli

wridan Zalian Zlieri faqtori gaxldaT. cxadia am faqtormac

imoqmeda, Tumca gogoTuri pirovnulad ar iyo ase vTqvaT

„gazuluqebuli“ pirovneba. Tumca ojaxurma wrem ganapiroba

misi warmateba. institutis damTavrebisTanave igi aspiranturaSi

Caricxes. me ki 19 kursdamTavrebulTan erTad afxazeTSi

mimavlines samuSaod.

gogoTur aRlaZem male daicva disertacia da miaRwia imas, rom

igi gaxda saqarTvelos zooveterinaluri institutis reqtori

gaxda akademikosi da a.S.

mec Sevecade, Tumca gacilebiT mZime gziT gavedi mecnierebis

gzaze, Tumca mivaRwie profesoris wodebamde, gavxdi

subtropikuli meurneobis institutSi, ekonomikisa da marTvis

(menejmentis) kaTedris gamge, damniSnes imave saxelwodebis

fakultetis dekanad da a.S. mogvianebiT momiwia politikaSi

CarTva, gavxdi afxazeTis a/r umaRlesi sabWos deputati da a.S.

diax, Tu im Teoriis safuZvelze warvmarTavT saubars anu,

genetikuri niSnebiT mec warCinebuli aRmovCndi, magram Tu meore

mecnierul mimarTulebas gaviziarebT, CemTvis garemo faqtorebi

ar iyo ise xelsayreli, rogorc gogoTur aRlaZisaTvis.

miuxedavad amisa Cven sakmaod axlos viyaviT erTmaneTTan

56

SoTa xecuriani

mecnieruli kvlevis mimarTulebiT. igi mTeli cxovreba

mecxoveleobisaTvis sakveb warmoebis problemebze. me cotaTi

gadavuxvie mecnierebaSi sxva mimarTulebiT da mTeli Cemi

mecnieruli muSaoba mainc agraruli sferos Seswavlas mivuZRveni

kerZod afxazeTis maStabiT.

cota gamigrZelda magram ar SemiZlia ar vTqva is, rom

adamianis formirebaSi uaRresad mniSvnelovania ara mxolod

socialuri garemo zogadad, aramed SeiZleba iTqvas gadamwyvetic

kia ojaxuri garemo gnebavT cenzi da a.S.

samwuxarod me am mimarTulebiT, rogorc ityvian cxovrebam

ar gamimarTla. kerZod jer kidev meore kursis students

deda gardamecvala, ramac daamZima Cveni ojaxis mdgomareoba.

mamaCems 5 Svili vyavdiT da patiosani glexis pirobaze

arauSavda, magram rogorc ki teqnikumi davamTavre da sakmaod

warmatebuladac, vmuSaobdi kolmeurneobaSi. mamaCems gauCnda

cduneba, rom davrCeniliyavi Cemi ganaTlebis doneze, Tumca

Cems mier teqnikumis warCinebiT damTavrebam ganapiroba CemTvis

swavlis gagrZeleba, Semdegac ise ganviTarda movlena rom roca

instituti davamTavre, miuxedavad imisa, rom ojaxSi Cemi Zma iyo

asakiT ufrosi, me Sevqmeni ojaxi, ramac ganapiroba Cemi calke

ojaxad formireba da amis gamo Cemsave sofelSi SeviZneT saxli

da Cems meuRlesTan erTad daviwyeT calke ojaxis Seneba.

57

SoTa xecuriani

VI. ojaxi adamianis formirebis gzaze

nu gagikvirdebaT, rom es saTauri sruliad Seesabameba Cemi

cxovrebis diax, gnebavT ojaxuri cxovrebis istorias.

sxvaTaSoris didi fiqri da msjeloba ar mqonia Tundac,

Cemi Tavisadmi dasawyisSi yvelaferi raRac instiqturad

xorcieldeboda. aseTi viTareba metadre mas Semdeg Seiqmna

Cvens ojaxSi, roca ojaxs dedaCemi gamoaklda. me am dros meore

kursze vswavlobdi umaRles saswavlebelSi da moxda ise, rom

mamaCemi patiosani mSromeli kaci imdenad daibna uari ganacxada

Cemi swavli gagrZelebaze, Tumca institutis xelmZRvanelobam

faqtiurad amis fiqris uflebac ki ar misca mamaCems. Camovida

delegacia da wamiyvanes swavlis gasagrZeleblad (amaze ukve

geubnebodiT). ase gavagrZele swavla, sxvaTaSoris warCinebuli

studentisaTvis dawesebuli maRali stipendia da saerTo

sacxovrebelSi cxovreba maZlevda amis saSualebas.

pirvelad vakeSi studqalaqis me-8 korpusSi 8 studentTan erTad

vcxovrobdi erT oTaxSi. maxsovs, roca sakvebi Semogvakldeboda

jokia meSveliani, romelic SemdgomSi saukeTeso lotbari gaxda

qvemo svaneTSi - moSiebul studentebs simReras gvaswavlida da

amiT gagvyavda dro. sabednierod fakultetis dekanma kolia

laWyebianma gamomiZaxa da miTxra oradgilian binaSi unda

gadagiyvanoo. me gamikvirda, Tumca roca binis orderi gadmomca

maSin davrwmundi, rom igi sruliad ar xumrobda.

me gadamiyvanes aWarel studentTan alia futkaraZesTan,

CemsaviT warCinebul studentTan. SemdgomSi roca samuSaoze

gagvanawiles alia futkaraZe aWaraSi miavlines samuSaod da man

Cemi pativiscemis gamosaxatavad saxeli alia Seicvala da igi

dRes SoTa futkaraZea.

bedis ironia iyo albaT, rom afxazeTidan Cveni devnilobaSi

gandevnis dros baTumSi Cavedi ojaxTan erTad 1993 wlis 27

58

SoTa xecuriani

seqtembers da ai saocreba: movikiTxe alia futkaraZe da miTxres

rom futkaraZe aris baTumSi, magram ara alia, aramed SoTa

gaxlavs misi saxelio. igi kerZo institutis reqtori gaxda mis

mierve daarsebul gonios kooperaciul institutSi da Zalian

gavixareT orTavem, roca erTmaneTs SevxvdiT da me misive

winadadebiT ekonomikis fakultetze ekonomikuri Teoriis

kaTedra CamovayalibeT, romlis gamgec me gavxdi da unda vTqva,

rom gamimarTla da kaTedraze yvela axali kadri baTumeli

(aWareli) axalgazrdebidan avarCie. aTi maTgani aspiranturaSi

Cairicxa TbilisSi agrarul universitetSi da yofili

saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis yofili reqtoris

profesor napoleon qarqaSaZis mxardaWeriT ramdenime aWarelma

axalgazrdam aspirantura daamTavra da xarisxic daicva, maT

Soris eduard futkaraZem. wlebis ganmavlobaSi aWaris soflis

meurneobis ministrad da vaSalomiZis pirvel moadgiled imuSava.

bevri sikeTe maxsovs baTumeli kolegebis mxridan da ara

marto maTi mxridan.

maxsovs, TiTqos erTmaneTs ejibreboda ara mxolod im

institutis xelmZRvanelebi da studentebi, aramed iseTi

cnobili pirovnebebi, rogorebic iyvnen baTumSi Cveni devnilobis

dros gacnobili baTumelebi: vaSalomiZe, rezo jabniZe

(ganmartebisaTvis - baTumeli vaSalomiZe - es pirovneba imxanad

aWaris statistikuri sammarTvelos ufrosi, xolo misi miadgile

rezo jabniZe iyo), Zmebi papuniZeebi zurab miqelaZe, romelmac

Tavisi ezo-kari dagviTmo devnilobaSi.

diax, es wiaRsvla imitom movitane, rom Tavidan aranairi

mxardaWera ar mqonda ojaxidan, radgan ar iyo amis SesaZlebloba

da miuxedavad amisa, rogorRac vaxerxebdi winsvlas nabij-nabij.

roca instituti davamTavre, rogorRac viCqare da davaswari

ufros Zmas da ojaxi Sevqmeni. pirveli rac ojaxis Seqmnas moyva

es iyo calke gasvla da mSobliuri ojaxisagan damoukideblad

59

SoTa xecuriani

calke damkvidreba gadavwyvite. Zalian mZime iyo es yvelaferi.

Cemi meuRle cxra da-Zmis ufrosi da gaxldaT da warmoidgineT,

rom patiosani mSromeli glexi ZlivsRa axerxebda cxra Svilis

movla-aRzrdis saqmes da amjerac ukve moralurad damekisra

maTze zrunva. am saqmesac me gavumklavdi da ar mimaCnia

saWirod yvela detalis dawvrilebiT aRwera. Tumca avRniSnav

imas, rom meuRlis yvela da-Zmas faqtiurad xeli mivawvdine,

rom garkveuli swavla mieRoT zogs saSualo doneze, zogsac

umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis saqmeSic gavumarTe xeli. detalebs

amjeradac aRar vexebi.

gavkadnierdebi da met dros davuTmob Cemi ojaxis formirebis

istorias, riTac minda axalgazrdebis sayuradRebod Sevexo yvela

im sirTules, rac ojaxis Camoyalibebis dros gadagvxda Tavs me

da Cems meuRles ise, rom faqtiurad Cveni uSualo xelSemwyobi

TiTqmis aravin iyo, yvela siZnele me da Cemi meuRlis mxrebze

gadadioda.

unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela aqtiuri nabiji am mimarTulebiT

meuRlis iniciativiT da misi ZalisxmeviT SevZeliT da gadavdgiT.

ezo-kari davamuSaveT, movawyveT daxuruli saTburi

bostneulisa da yvavilis mosaSeneblad. yvavils bazarze kargi

fasi hqonda da imdenad maRali xarisxis iyo Cveni yvavili, rom

konkurenciaSi yvelas vjobnidiT. moxda ise, rom ukve adgilze

modiodnen klientebi da gadamyidvelebi. ase, rom dRe da Rame

gaerTianebuli gvqonda da TiTqmis yvela Zvel mosaxles davewieT.

rogorc cota davlagdiT, meuRlem aiCema gaagrZele kvleviTi

saqmianoba da iqneb win waiwioo da ukve bavSvebi gvyavda da

yvela problemis daZleviT gzaze aRaravis ar CamovrCebodiT.

movaSeneT msxvilfexa da wvrilfexa pirutyvi.

is iyo, rom konkursi gamocxadda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

akademiaSi, ufro sworad Camoyalibda sasoflo-sameurneo

akademia, romelmac samwuxarod ramdenime weli iarseba. me Zalian

60

SoTa xecuriani

mawyobda aRniSnuli akademiis dauswrebel swavlebaze Caricxva.

Zalian did konkursSi gavimarjve da Caviricxe miwaTmoqmedebis

ganyofilebaze, romlis baza (ofisi) saguramoSi arsebobda,

romelsac hqonda ekonomikuri ganyofileba. diax, am seqtorze

Caviricxe da davamTavre warCinebiT. ekonomikis ganyofilebam

mecnier-xelmZRvanelad gamogviyo, CemTvis studentobis dros

kargad nacnobi mecnieri - profesori petre JRenti, romlis

iniciativiT SerCeuli iqna samecniero Tema - afxazeTis sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebis indensifikaciis sakiTxebze.

aRniSnuli Temis damuSavebis mizniT Zireulad Seviswavle

afxazeTis TiTqmis yvela regioni, Tumca aqcentireba gavakeTe

oCamCiris regionze, sadac yvela piroba arsebobda Temis

mimarTulebiT.

saintereso is iyo, rom uamravi saarqivo masalis safuZvelze

Camovayalibe sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis indensifikaciis

strategia. unda aRiniSnos, rom im droisaTvis Cemi ojaxi

sakmaod xelmokled iyo, Tumca meuRle mainc mamxnevebda da,

rac mTavaria, praqtikulad mexmareboda cxrilebis damuSavebis

dros. magidac ki ar gvqonda, magram iatakze vSlidiT saarqivo

masalebis damuSavebis maCveneblebs. am saqmeSiac Cemi damxmare

praqtikulad Cemi meuRle iyo.

paralelurad sami vaJiSvili aRvzardeT. wesierad vzrdidiT

maT yovelgvari gamonaklisi maTTvis gamoricxuli iyo,

rogorc swavlaSi aseve sxva (gnebavT TamaSis dros) raTa isini

SeCveuliyvnen Sromas da wesierebas.

samive Cemi Svili ise Cairicxa institutSi aravisaTvis araferi

gviTxovia da warCinebiTac daamTavra yvela maTganma.

Cven aranairi privilegia ar mogviTxovia Svilebis samxedro

samsaxurSi gawvevis drosac.

Cemi Svilebi erTi saSualo asakis sazRvao nawilebSi moxvda

ganawilebiT, am kategoriis samsaxurSi qarTvelebi naklebad

61

SoTa xecuriani

xvdebodnen, radgan igi samwliani samsaxuri iyo. es vaJiSvili

me gavacile sevastopolSi, sadac sami weli imsaxura. Cemma

Svilma samwuxarod damTavrebis dros travma miiRo, romelic

saxlSi dabrunebis Semdeg gaurTulda da onkologiuri simsivne

ganviTarda. operaciis Semdeg igi miavlines moskovSi onkologiur

centrSi e.w. „kaSirkaze“. ori wlis mkurnalobis Semdeg, rac

uSedego aRmoCnda - igi 26 wlis asakSi meoTxe kursis sainJinro

fakultetis warCinebuli studenti gardaicvala da afxazeTSi

(cageraSi) davkrZaleT.

didad samwuxarod, yvelaze umcrosi vaJiSvili, colSviliani

(ori qaliSviliT) afxazeTis tragediis dros daiRupa da isic

misi Zmis gverdiT davasaflaveT. dRemde iq ganisvenebs (cageraSi)

oCamCiris raionSi 25 welia ukve gasuli.

diax, meore vaJiSvili (umcrosi) jarSi gaiwvies da mdinare

amuris sanapiroze msaxurobda. Semdgom gadaiyvanes ufro Sors

satanko nawilebSi - xabarovskSi.

mesame ki saraketo nawilSi msaxurobda. ufrosi vaJiSvili igi

jaridan oficris mundiriT dabrunda, Tumca afxazeTSi saomari

moqmedebebis dawyebis wina dReebSi igi turbazis (soxumis

komkavSiris turbazis) win vinme arZinbam (lixnidan) avtomanqana

volgiT gaitana da lamis sikvdils Zlivs gadaurCa. maSindeli

tramvebis gamo ukve onkologiuri operaciiT mkurnalobda da

faqtiurad invalidi gaxda, ramdenime wlis Semdeg igi tanjva-

wamebiT gardaicvala.

diax, ase da amgvarad SvilebiT, rogorc ityvian, ver gavixare.

maTze dardiT Cemi meuRle daavadda da TiTqmis sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi sistematuri mkurnalobis qveS galia cxovrebis

bolo dReebi.

igi TiTqos simbolurad axali wlis (pirvel ianvars) dRes

gardaicvala da iciT ra Tqva bolo amosunTqvis dros?!

„SoTa me mivdivar ukve Cem SvilebTan Sen ki ra geSvelebao“

62

SoTa xecuriani

es warmoTqva da suli dalia. imasac ver eRirsa, rom mTeli

ocdaxuTi wlis win gardacvlili ori vaJiSvilis saflavebze

Sesuliyo, miuxedavad didi mcdelobisa.

diax, specialurad CamovayalibeT meuRlis iniciativiT da

xelmZRvanelobiT arasamTavrobo organizacia Svilmkvdari

dedebis kavSiri „nostalgia“, romelic ZiriTadad muSaobda

qarTvel da afxaz Svilmkvdari dedebis daaxlovebaze da

urTierTSendobis mimarTulebiT.

am organizacias didi daxmareba gauwia nino burjanaZem,

romelic im dros parlamentis Tavmjdomare gaxldaT.

burjanaZes mivmarTeT, raTa dagvxmareboda afxazeTSi

saflavebis monaxulebaze afxazeTis omis dros daRupuli

Svilebisa.

nino burjanaZis ZalisxmeviT miRweuli iqna SeTanxmeba

afxazeTSi daRupuli Svilebis saflavebze 14 SvildaRupuli

dedis Seyvanis mizniT.

burjanaZis miTiTebiT am process xelmZRvanelobda vaxtang

yolbaia.

am saqmis organizebaSi CarTuli iyo alu gamaxaria da

gavemgzavreT specialurad aRdgoma dRisaTvis, raTa am dRes

mogvenaxulebina afxazeTSi daRupuli Svilebis saflavebi.

samwuxarod miRweuli SeTanxmeba darRveuli iqna afxazeTis

mxaris mier da RonisZieba CaiSala.

SemdgomSi am muSaobaze mcdeloba aRar Sedga meuRlis

xangrZlivi mZime avadmyofobis gamo.

ar SeiZleba ar gaixsenos kacma is ambavi, roca samive Svili

samxedroSi gaiwvies. aranairi Careva am saqmeSi mSoblebs ar

gvicdia. meuRlesTan erTad gavacileT isini TbilisSi, xolo

TbilisSi gamanawilebel punqtSi Svilebi gaanawiles sxvadasxva

mimarTulebiT, ufrosi vaJiSvili simforopolSi saraketo

jarebis samsaxurSi gaamweses, meore ki sazRvaoze moxvda

63

SoTa xecuriani

ganawilebiT da igi gavacileT sevastopolSi sazRvao samsaxurSi,

sadac sami weli gaatara.

samsaxuris damTavrebis bolos man travma miiRo, romelic

sabediswero aRmoCnda misTvis. travmis Sedegad ganuviTarda

avTvisebiani simsivne ris gamoc gaukeTes rTuli operacia da

miavlines igi moskovSi onkologiur centrSi e.w. „kaSirkaze“

sadac erT welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi gadioda mkurnalobis

qimio Terapiis kurss.

me da meuRle Tan vaxldiT moskovSi viqiraveT bina da iq

gavatareT weliwadze meti dro.

mkurnalobam ver ixsna igi da gardaicvala 26 wlis asakSi,

rodesac meoTxe kursi daxura sainJinro fakultetisa.

ufrosi vaJiSvili dabrunda samxedro samsaxuridan oficris

statusiT da wlebis ganmavlobaSi igi muSaobda afxazeTSi

mTavari ekonomistis Tanamdebobaze oCamCiris, gulrifSis da

soxumis raionis kolmeurneobebSi.

bolo xanebSi igi muSaobda saqarTvelos subtropikuli

meurneobis saswavlo meurneobis mTavar ekonomistad jer,

soxumis raionis eSeris saswavlo-sacdel meurneobaSi, romelic

SemdgomSi gadaeca subtropikul instituts da SeuerTda

institutis kelasuris saswavlo meurneobas. am periodidan igi

muSaobda subtropikuli meurneobis institutSi daqvemdebarebul

saswavlo-sacdel meurneobaSi.

afxazeTSi saomari moqmedebebis dawyebis wina periodSi Cemi

ufrosi Svili soxumis turbazasTan moxvda avariaSi swored mas

fexiT mimavals daejaxa trasaze avtomanqana, romelsac vinme

gvarad arZinba marTavda (lixnidan). avtomanqana ki ekuTvnoda

gudauTis raikomis pirvel mdivans.

travmis Sedegad Cemi Svili ganikurna da CarTuli aRmoCnda

afxazeTSi saomar moqmedebebSi, ris Sedegadac mas gaurTulda

travma da mivavlineT igi moskovSi samkurnalod.

64

SoTa xecuriani

gankurnebis Semdeg igi darCa ruseTSi samuSaod. moawyo Tavis

resursebiT savaWro centri, Tumca moskovidan igi iZulebiT iqna

wamosuli da yvela faseulobani srulad dakarga da „cariel-

tarieli“ dabrunda saqarTveloSi.

am bolo xanebSi mas ganuviTarda mZime daavadeba da isic

gardaicvala.

mesame umcrosi vaJiSvili jarSi samsaxurSi gaiwvies da

msaxurobda mdinare amuris sanapiroze, Semdgom igi gadaiyvanes

xabarovskSi satanko nawilebSi, sadac TiTebis moyinvis gamo

orwliani samxedro samsaxuridan erTi TviT adre gaanTavisufles.

dabrunda saxlSi, Seqmna ojaxi, yavda ori qaliSvili da didad

samwuxarod, afxazeTSi ganviTarebuli saomari moqmedebebis

dros daiRupa. igi davkrZaleT misi Zmis gverdiT afxazeTSi. diax,

misi Zmis gverdiT davasaflaveT CemTvis gankuTvnil sasaflaoze

(Zmis gverdiT). dRemde 25 welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi me da

Cemi meuRle yovelmxriv vcdilobdiT, rom maT saflavebTan

mivsuliyaviT cageraSi, magram vera da ver moxerxda. meuRles

Svilebis saflavebis natvraSi amoxda suli da davkrZaleT

quTaisSi (avangardSi). ai, aseTi mZime da gausaZlisi aRmoCnda

Cveni ojaxis istoria.

diax, ojaxi iyo burji Cveni Svilebis aRzrdis dros da

Semdgomac. Tumca ras izam, Tu cxovreba gimuxTlebs.

Cemi meuRle cxra dedmamiSvils Soris yvelaze ufrosi iyo da

roca davojaxdiT aravin iyo Cveni damxmare, radgan mSoblebi,

romelnic 9 Svils zrdian cxadia, kolmeurne glexis pirobebSi

ar gaaCndeboda danazogi Cven rom dagvxmarebodnen. Zalian

patiosani xalxi iyo, magram ar hqondaT da ra eqnaT. piriqiT, me

da Cemi meuRle wlebis ganmavlobaSi vexmarebodiT maT swavlis

dros da SemdgomSiac. rogorc ityvian cali xeli maTken hqonda

Cems meuRles da riTac SegveZlo xels vuwyobdiT. cxadia isinic

ar gvaklebdnen yuradRebas riTac ki SeeZloT.

65

SoTa xecuriani

rasac mivaRwieT: sofelSi saxli viyideT, ezo-kari gavaSeneT,

dRisiT orTaveni samsaxurSi mivdiodiT, saRamos da gvian RamiT

ezoSi vmuSaobdiT vazi, citrusebi da sxva xexili gavaSeneT,

daxuruli grunti movawyveT bostneulisaTvis, aseve movawyveT

yvavilnari da a.S. yvelafer amis iniciatori Cemi meuRle

gaxldaT. mis realizaciasac Tavad axdenda adgilobriv bazrebze

da ruseTSiac xSirad gadioda.

unda avRniSno isic, rom roca ojaxi SevqmeniT me da meuRle

cxadia, aravisgan xelSewyobaze ar vfiqrobdiT, radgan aseTi

SesaZlebloba arc erTi mxridan, arc Cemi mSoblebis da arc

meuRlis mSoblebis mxridan ar arsebobda, amdenad, Tavidanve

ganvewyveT im mimarTebiT, rom yvelaferi Cvens Tavze unda

agveRo. sxvaTaSoris me im dros jer manqana-traqtorTa

sadgurSi vmuSaobdi da xelfasic mqonda, Tumca nikita

xruSCovis gankargulebiT mts-dan mokled Cveni momsaxurebis

kolmeurneobaSi migvavlines. me piradad yvelaze Rarib oCamCiris

raionis kolmeurneobaSi mimavlines, sadac sami wlis ganmavlobaSi

mxolod 30 maneTs maZlevdnen xelfass, Semdgom isic mogvixsnes

da gviTxres rom wamoayeneT fexze „CamorCenili kolmeurneoba“

da kolmeurneobis Semosavlidan miiReT xelfasio. diax, midgoma,

erTi SexedviT Teoriulad sworia magram realurad amis miRweva

sulac ar iyo damokidebuli, ase vTqvaT specialistebze, maSin,

roca diqtatoruli mmarTveloba iyo gabatonebuli.

ras izam, unda dajerde imas, rasac mogcemen - aseTi iyo

direqtiva. am periodSi meuRle sofelSi klubis gamged muSaobda,

mcireodeni fuladi Semosavali aqedan modioda, mTavari ki Cveni

ezo-kari da Cveni marjvena iyo mTavari. kidev ufro mTavari is

iyo, rom meuRle axerxebda metad mkacr garemoSi raRac biznesur

saqmianobas, romelsac maSin wvrilman vaWrobas eZaxdnen.

yvelafers vyiddiT oCamCirisa da zugdidis bazarze - dawyebuli

bostneulis CiTilebidan yvavilebiT, ojaxis wvrilfexa

66

SoTa xecuriani

pirutyvis gamravlebiT (meRoreobis, mefrinveleobis) da a.S.

saukeTeso jiSis Rorebs vzrdidiT da yvela kargi jiSis

gamo saxlSi modioda da rigdebodnen raTa Cvengan eyidaT

sajise pirutyvi. gavamravleT msxilfexa pirutyvic, pirobebi

xelsayreli iyo, TiTqmis ar iyo saWiro mwyemsva (saZovrebi

zRvispiras gvqonda). sacxovrebeli saxlis fuli gavistumreT,

saxli gavafarToeT, bevri damxmare sadgomebic movawyveT.

Cveni principi iyo konkurenciaSi gamarjveba Cven bazarze

yovelTvis nakleb fasad vyiddiT da gasayidis xarisxiT yvelas

vjobdiT.

erTi sityviT, ase da amgvarad avayvaveT Cveni ezo-kari. sami

vaJiSvili e.w. „daCqarebuli“ tempiT aRvzardeT anu Svilebi

erTmaneTisagan mxolod TiTo wliT uswrebdnen erTmaneTs,

amdenad SemWidroebul vadebSi Svilebi aRvzardeT da umaRlesi

ganaTleba miveciT yovelgvari korufciuli da sxva maxinji

formebis gamoyenebis gareSe gavzardeT da aRvzardeT isini,

jarSic gavuSviT da davaJkacebulni dagvibrundnen. Tumca

SuaTana sami wliT sazRvao samsaxuridan dabrunebisTanave mZime

avadmyofobiT daiRupa. ori vaJiSvili ki daojaxda, Svilebi

aRzardes da samwuxarod umcrosi, rogorc aRvniSneT, afxazeTis

tragedias Seewira. igi yvela situaciaSi gaiZaxoda, rom afxazebi

Cveni mezoblebia da CvenTan erTad gazrdilni arian da ra gvaqvs

maTTan gasayofio iZaxda, magram igi daiRupa afxazeTSi da

dakrZalulia mis ZmasTan (cageraSi), samwuxarod 25 weli gavida

mas Semdeg da araferi viciT maTze.

meore ufrosi vaJiSvili mZime mkurnalobis reJimSi imyofeboda

da isic gardaicvala, xangrZlivi mkurnalobis pirobebSi tanjva-

wamebiT.

ar SemiZlia ar avRniSno isic, rom meuRle iyo iniciatori

imisa, rom me swavla gamegrZelebina saqarTvelos sasoflo-

sameurneo akademiaSi. rogorc ki gamocxadda misaRebi gamocdebi

67

SoTa xecuriani

Cemma meuRlem gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli gancxadeba moitana saxlSi

(is xom klubis gamge iyo da biblioTekasac ganagebda da gazeTebi

xom mis xelSi gadioda).

marTali giTxraT me ukve institutSi gamiwvies samuSaod

da maincdamainc aRar vcdilobdi swavlis gagrZelebas, magram

meuRlem iciT ra miTxra: „sami vaJiSvili gvyavs da maTac

gamoadgebi Tu win waiwev da xarisxs daicavo“.

diax, Caviricxe aspiranturaSi saswavleblad mwvave konkursis

pirobebSi da daviwye samecniero-kvleviTi muSaoba afxazeTis

sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis indensifikaciis sakiTxebze.

diax, mqonda winapiroba imiT, rom studentobis dros

afxazeTSi (cageraSi) mqonda mindvris cdebi, romlis monacemebi

gamomadga Semdgomi kvleviTi muSaobisTvis.

mTeli samecniero mniSvnelobis cxrilebs me da meuRle

erTad vamuSavebdiT da vazustebdiT. ase, rom erTad „davicaviT“

disertacia. meuRlem didi roli Seasrula afxazeTidan

devnilobaSi yofnis dros, gansakuTrebiT baTumSi cxovrebis

dros.

meuRlem iq mcire biznesi Seqmna da am gziT vzrdidiT

SviliSvilebs da Svilebis ojaxebs. maxsovs, me baTumSi kaTedris

gamge viyavi da bazarze meuRlesTan erTad rom davdgebodi

Cemi samuSaos gamo. merideboda baTumSi centraluri bazridan

wamoRebul tvirTs lermontovis quCis bazarze vyiddiT iq Cemi

studentebi roca gamoivlidnen me gverdze vdgebodi (raTa maT

davmalvodi). erT-erTma alqajma studentma SemniSna da iciT

ra miTxra? - Cven gvinda Tqveni saqoneli gavasaRoT da Tqven

ratom gvarideb Tvalso. diax, mec SeveCvie da Tamamad mec vedeqi

gverdiT meuRles.

diax, paralelurad saRamoobiT, gvian Ramemde vukavSirdebodiT

devnilebs, romlebic bevrni iyvnen baTumSi (aWaraSi)es e.w.

kompaqtur saxlebSi cxovrobdnen da maT vamxnevebdiT da

68

SoTa xecuriani

vcdilobdiT devnilebic dagvesaqmebina mcire biznesSi, meuRle

aswavlida vaWrobas im devnilebs, romlebic morcxvobdnen

„radgan devnilobamde isini aseTi“ saqmiT ar iyvnen dakavebulni.

devnilebTan urTierTobis dros CvenTan erTad Jurnalisti

ciala kopaliani monawileobda.

Cven vmuSaobdiT aseve baTumSi mcxovreb afxazebTan

(mohajirebTan) da aqtiur propagandas veweodiT qarTvelTa da

afxazTa urTierTobis aRdgenis mimarTulebiT. gansakuTrebiT

bevrs vmuSaobdiT afxazeTSi SvildaRupul ojaxebTan.

da bolos, minda vTqva isic, rom Cemi muSaobis periodSi mqonda

didi SesaZlebloba ase vTqvaT, sakmaod „didi fulis Sovnisa“.

Tundac uaRresad mdidar kolmeurneobaSi mTavar ekonomistad

muSaobis periodSi.

maxsovs erT-erTma raikomis mdivanma oCamCireSi miTxra aseTi

ram: SoTa ratom xdeba, rom Sen yoveldRe koCaris mosaxvevSi

(es is adgilia saidanac avtobusi e.w. „pazi“ ki gadioda koCaris

mimarTulebiT, sadac me vmuSaobdi mTavar ekonomistad. diax,

me vupasuxe mdivans. batono mdivano, me yoveldRe mivdivar

samuSaoze aba rogor unda moviqce meTqi. ratom geubnebi ici?

miTxra mdivanma, imitom, rom sakuTari manqana unda gyavdes.

me sada maqvs manqanis sayideli fuli meTqi. ex! ras ambob, ara

gcxvenia rom am did kolmeurneobaSi samuSao adgils afuWebo

miTxra xumrobiT.

gavida sul cota dro da im kolmeurneobaSi, sadac bevri

fulis „Sovna“ SeiZleboda, ramdenime weli revizia mimdinareobda

da cxadia darRvevebic gamovlinda, rac „zemodan daSvebuli

gegmebis“ SesrulebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli.

es momenti imitom gavixsene, rom sabednierod, me ojaxSic

aravin ar meubneboda, ufro metic ar mimaniSnebda, rom ratom

bevri fuli ar mogaqvso, Seni Tanamdebobis patronso. maxsovs

aseTi momentic - Cemi samsaxuris sfero sakmaod seriozulma

69

SoTa xecuriani

Semmowmebelmac ki damemuqren rom Cems muSaobasac Zirfesvianad

SevamowmebTo miTxres da imis gamoc, rom Cemi patiosneba am

TvalsazrisiT SeemowmebinaT ojaxSic ki Segvamowmes, Tumca

raime xelSesaxebi veraferi naxes.

minda gavixseno, rom roca afxazeTis omis dros mosaxleobis

didi nawili, maT Soris, qarTvelebi, TiTqmis mTlianad gandevnes

me maSin mxolod erTi qolga (sawvimari) gamovayole xels da

binis gasaRebebi, rasac dRemde vinaxav binaSi, Tumca binac ar

maqvs Sesaferisi devnilobaSi romelic mogvianebiT miviRe.

miuxedavad imisa, rom baTumSi devnilobis periodSi sastumro

„mesxeTSi“ vcxovrobdiT Cemi da Cemi Svilebis ojaxebi, sami bina

gvqonda dakavebuli da 21000 dolari SegveZlo migveRo, magram

erTi TeTric ar migviRia da dRemde vcxovrob subtropikuli

universitetis (yofil) saerTo sacxovrebelSi da meti araferi

gvabadia. Tumca vimeoreb, rom Cemianebi sayvedurs ar meubnebian

imitom, rom ician Cemi xasiaTi da Tviseba. ra vqna? araferi

gamaCnia, magram mainc Zalian mdidari var. didad samwuxarod ori

vaJiSvili saflavebianad „davkarge“ anu afxazeTSi davtove da

samagierod myavs oTxi SviliSvili da xuTi SvilTaSvili , kidev

imravleben ara? ai, es aris simdidre Cemi.

quTaisSi gadmosvlis Semdeg Cveni ojaxi saqarTvelos

subtropikuli meurneobis universitetis saerTo sacxovrebelSi

Segvasaxles. reqtorma profesorma vaxtang fruiZem Tavidanve

Segvpirda, rom sam binas mogvcemda. ufrosi vaJiSvili (Tavisi

ojaxiT) am xanebSi ruseTSi (tulaSi) cxovrobda. amisi mizezi is

gaxldaT, rom igi (valeri) soxumSi avariis dros mZimed daSavda.

Tumca gamojanmrTelebis Semdeg afxazeTSi ganviTarebuli

saomari moqmedebebis dros travmirebuli, Tirkmlis ukmarisobiT

mZime tkivilebis gamo iZulebuli gavxdiT ruseTSi gagvegzavna.

Tumca saomari moqmedebebis dros mivakiTxeT gulrifSis

saavadmyofoSi, sadac geno adamias vaJiSvili mTavar qirurgad

70

SoTa xecuriani

muSaobda. man ganacxada, rom marjvena Tirkmeli imdenad

dazianebulia, rom saWiroa misi amputacia, sxvanairad SesaZloa

mZime viTareba Seeqmnaso.

marTali giTxraT, me ver gadavwyvite aRniSnuli saavadmyofoSi

aseTi mZime operaciis gakeTeba, Tanac im dros mosalodneli iyo

am saavadmyofos dabombvac ki.

erTi sityviT, imis gamo, rom Cemma biZaSvilebmac, romlebic

im droisaTvis ruseTSi cxovrobdnen aiCemes, rom Cven waviyvanT

valeris da Cvenve miviyvanT moskovSi qirurgTan da a.S. amgvarad

gadavwyviteT moskovSi gagzavna.

praqtikulad avadmyofis ruseTSi gagzavna gadavwyviteT

baTumidan afxazeTSi saomari moqmedebebis gamwvavebis gamo.

madlierebiT minda gavixseno baTumis aeroportis direqtori

beriZe, romelmac yovelgvari fasgadaxdis gareSe gagzavna Cemi

Svili TviTmfrinaviT moskovSi.

barem avRniSnav imasac, rom moskovSi uari Tqva profesorma

Tirkmlis amputaciaze da xangrZlivi mkurnalobiT

gamoajanmrTela operaciis gareSe.

moxda ise, rom Cemi biZaSvilebi q. tulaSi cxovrobdnen

da eweodnen bizness, sadac gamojanmrTelebis Semdeg CarTes

valeric, moxda ise, rom igi CaerTo maTTan erTad biznesSi da

mogvianebiT misi col-Svilic gaemgzavra tulaSi.

danarCeni Cemi ojaxi da Cemi amjerad samwuxarod omSi

daRupuli Cemi Svilis (sosos) ojaxi darCa CemTan. Tumca baTumSi

gamogviyves yvelas erTad mxolod ori oTaxi. amitom iZulebuli

gavxdiT bina gveyida Cemi Svilis sosos col-SvilisaTvis. am

mizniT gavyideT sosos msubuqi avtomanqana, cotac davumateT

da bina vuyideT nikeaze. sxvaTaSoris im dros quTaisSi binebi

sakmaod iafi iyo.

mogvianebiT valeris ojaxsac bina vuyideT imave nikeas quCaze.

samwuxarod valeris ojaxi ruseTSi (tulaSi) aiZula

71

SoTa xecuriani

ruseTis mTavrobam daetovebina tulaSi bina, savaWro centri

da deportirebuli iqna saqarTveloSi. amdenad, maTac cxovreba

ganagrZes quTaisSi. Tumca didad samwuxarod valeris bina

gavyideT davalianebis gamo.

erTi sityviT moxda ise, rom davrCiT saerTo sacxovrebelSi,

sadac amjerad vcxovrob Cems SviliSvilTan da mis ojaxTan

erTad.

72

SoTa xecuriani

VII. saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis

institutSi (universitetSi) muSaobis periodi

saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis institutSi miwveuli

viyavi jer kidev 1948 wlis seqtemberSi muSaobas vagrZelebdi

oCamCiris raionis koCaris kolmeurneobaSi mTavar ekonomistad.

aRniSnul institutSi muSaoba maSinac ar Semiwyvetia roca

afxazeTidan devnilobaSi aRmovCndi q. baTumSi. cota rom

„davmSviddiT“, baTumidan quTaisSi Cavdiodi, kviraSi erTxel da

vagrZelebdi aRniSnul institutSi leqciebis kiTxvas. oriode

wlis Semdeg institutis reqtorma profesorma vaxtang fruiZem

SemomTavaza subtropikul institutSi (amjerad quTaisSi

devnilobaSi) gadavsuliyavi samuSaod da SeTavsebiT damewyo

muSaoba institutis ekonomikisa da marTvis kaTedris gamged da

imave saxelwodebis fakultetis dekanad muSaoba.

didi yoymanis Semdeg davTanxmdi da daviwye muSaoba aRniSnul

institutSi.

cxadia am movlenam gamoiwvia cota xnis Semdeg Cemi ojaxis

gadmosvla q. quTaisSi.

paralelurad vagrZelebdi amjerad saparlamento saqmianobas

(rogorc afxazeTis a/r umaRlesi sabWos deputati imereTis

regionis maStabiT).

sxvaTaSoris universitetSi muSaoba saSualebas maZlevda axlo

kavSiri mqonoda devnil mosaxleobasTan im studenti devnilebis

meSveobiT, romlebic institutSi swavlobdnen, miT ufro maTi

TiTqmis 70-80% swored Cvens fakultetze swavlobdnen.

me rogorc deputati yuradRebis centrSi viyavi mTeli

institutis meSveobiT im mSoblebis (maT Soris devnili mSoblebis),

romlebic maTi Svilebis swavlis procesTan garkveul kavSirSi

imyofebodnen CvenTan (maT Soris CemTan rogorc deputatTan).

rogorc wesi institutis misaRebi komisiebis da SemdgomSi e.w.

73

SoTa xecuriani

gamosaSvebi gamocdebis komisiebs, rogorc wesi xelmZRvanelobda

sxva institutidan mowveuli specialistebi (profesor-

maswavleblebi).

cxadia institutSi da calkeul fakultetebze iyo

patiosnebiT gamorCeuli pedagog-TanamSromlebi, isini qmnidnen

erTian mebrZol gunds.

kidev vimeoreb, ar minda detalebze saubari, romelic Zalian

Sors wagviyvans.

swored Cemeuli pozicia gaxda mizezi imisa, rom roca

daisva sakiTxi umaRles saswavleblebSi e.w. asakobrivi centris

gansazRvris Taobaze, anu dRis wesrigSi dadga asakovani

pedagogebiT SezRudvis sakiTxi pirvel rigSi me davwere

gancxadeba da Sevwyvite institutSi muSaoba.

mokled mainc gavixseneb im saqmianobis zogierT detals,

romelsac me vcdilobdi ganmexorcielebina institutis,

kerZod ekonomikisa da marTvis fakultetze swavlis procesis

srulyofis mimarTulebiT.

es is periodia rodesac fexs ikidebs axali ekonomikuri

sistema.

maxsovs, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo moskovSi

vimyofebodi da romeliRac parkSi did dafaze gakruli iyo

gazeTi „pravda“, romlis gverdebze vrceli statia, rogorc

ityvian daundoblad akritikebda praqtikaSi damkvidrebul

xuTwliani gegmebis praqtikas. xuTwledebi maSin cnobili iyo

rogorc epoqaluri reformebis ganxorcielebis calkeuli

periodebi. diax, es procesi sastikad iyo aRniSnuli gazeTis

mTel gverdebze - erTiani werilis saxiT. gazeTi miesalmeboda

xuTwliani direqtiuli gegmebis nacvlad e.w. „sakontrolo“

cifrebis da a.S. cvlilebebis SemoRebas.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi postsabWoTa qveynebSi damkvidrebuli

administraciul-mbrZanebluri ekonomikuri sistema,

74

SoTa xecuriani

TandaTanobiT gzas uTmobda mravalformian ekonomikur sistemas,

romlis koordinireba ekonomikuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT

xorcieldeba.

dRis wesrigSi dgeba civilizebul sabazro ekonomikaze

gadasvlis sakmaod rTuli procesi. sabazro ekonomikis

damkvidreba SeuZlebelia sakuTrebiTi urTierTobis gardaqmnis

gareSe. sakuTrebiTi urTierTobis gardaqmna erTis mxriv

privatizaciis (gankerZoebis) anu saxelmwifo sakuTrebis

obieqtebis arasaxelmwifoebriv obieqtebad gadaqcevas

iTvaliswinebs, xolo meores mxriv, kerZo sakuTrebis SezRudvis

moxsnasa da misi ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmnas

gulisxmobs.

ekonomikis struqturuli cvlilebebi warmoadgens ekonomikuri

reformis mizanmimarTuli procesis Semadgenel nawils. igi

gulisxmobs meurneobis dargobrivi struqturis gardaqmnas da

moicavs sabazo dargebSi samewarmeo saqmianobis stimulirebas.

aRniSnuli procesi iTvaliswinebs antimonopoliuri politikis

ganxorcielebas rac safuZvels uqmnis Tavisufali konkurenciis

ganviTarebas. urTierT xelsayreli savaWro urTierTobis

damyarebas qveynis SigniT da garesamyarosTan da a.S.

rogorc cnobilia cxovreba uaRresad rTul pirobebSi

mimdinareobs. erTis mxriv, adamianis moTxovnilebebi

ganusazRvreli, sistematurad mzardi an cvalebadia, xolo

meores mxriv, am moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisaTvis

saWiro resursebi mkacrad gansazRvruli da SezRudulia, igi

gamolevadia.

aseT viTarebaSi adamianma unda ifiqros imaze, Tu rogor

ipovos gamosavali raTa umciresi danaxarjebis pirobebSi

miaRwios maqsimalur Sedegebs. am amocanis gadaWrisaTvis ki

saWiroa ekonomikuri azrovneba, romlis formirebisaTvis

saWiroa ekonomikuri Teoriis safuZvlebis safuZvliani codna.

75

SoTa xecuriani

ekonomikuri azrovneba aucilebelia samewarmeo saqmianobaSi,

biznesis praqtikaSi da a.S. erTi sityviT dRis wesrigSi idga

axali ekonomokuri azrovnebis ganviTareba.

subtropikuli meurneobis instituti afxazeTidan gandevnis

Semdeg daubrunda Tavis ase vTqvaT „dabadebis adgils“ quTaiss.

Tumca mas aq ar daubrunes Tavisi Senoba, romelsac igi afxazeTSi

gadasvlamde flobda. praqtikulad instituts nulovani

sawyisidan mouxda muSaobis dawyeba. jer iyo da instituts

skolaSi dauTmes saswavlo auditoria Semdeg moxda ise, rom

WavWavaZis quCaze gadasces, romeliRac uwyebis Senoba. Tumca

aRniSnuli Senoba sruliad ar Seesabameboda institutis profils

am periodSi institutis koleqtivs SeiZleba iTqvas mxsnelad

moevlina imereTis mxaris gubernatori Teimuraz SaSiaSvili,

romelmac bevri Sroma gaswia imisaTvis, rom instituts Seqmnoda

muSaobis elementaruli pirobebi.

Tavadac institutis koleqtivma Cveuli enTuziazmiT daiwyo

saqmianoba institutis quTaisSi damkvidrebisaTvis. SaSiaSvilis

mxardaWeriT instituts gamoeyo ara mxolod saswavlo Senoba,

aramed gadaeca miwis farTobi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis

gaSenebis mizniT, romelic gankuTvnili iyo studentTa saswavlo-

sawarmoo praqtikis CatarebisaTvis.

farTod gaiSala muSaoba institutisaTvis samecniero

biblioTekis Seqmnis mizniT. saswavlo da samecniero literatura

moziduli iqna qalaqisa da mis SemogarenSi. funqcionirebadi

teqnikumebisa da skolebis biblioTekebidan saswavlo-samecniero

literatura. am mxriv didi amagi dagvdo samtrediis n. nikolaZis

saxelobis sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumma, romelic did jixaiSSi

funcionirebda.

erTi sityviT institutis koleqtivma fexi aidga da daiwyo

aRorZineba axal garemoSi.

diax, am periodSi institutis reqtorma profesorma vaxtang

76

SoTa xecuriani

fruiZem mimiwvia institutSi, sadac daniSnuli viqeni da Semdgom

arCeuli viqeni ekonomikisa da marTvis (menejmentis) kaTedris

gamged da amave saxelwodebis fakultetis dekanadac amirCies

ase, rom sruliad axal garemoSi upirveles yovlisa saWiro iyo

ekonomikis fakkultetis saswavlo gegmis axlebur mstilSi Sedgena,

kadrebis moZieba da axali ekonomikuri sistemis Sesabamisad mTeli

saswavlo procesis warmarTva. cxadia amisaTvis adgilobrivi

kadrebi ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi. samwuxarod specialistTa nawili

ganTesili iqna afxazeTSi saomari moqmedebis Semdgom periodSi,

nawili maTi daiRupa saomari moqmedebebis dros nawili TbilisSi

dabrunda da a.S. gamosavali vipoveT imiT, rom Tbilisidan

moviwvieT cnobili ekonomistebi, romlebic muSaobdnen Tbilisis

umaRles saswavleblebSi. kerZod moviwvieT profesorebi rezo

gogoxia, mixeil jibuti da maTi donis adamianebi, romelTa

umetesoba sruliad uangarod Camodiodnen da kiTxulobdnen

leqciebs CvenTan. zogic moviwvieT saaTobrivad anazRaurebis

wesiT. moviZieT kadrebi adgilobrivi umaRlesi saswavleblidan,

kerZod quTaisis wereTlis saxelobis universitetidan da

politeqnikuri institutidan kerZod kostava da sxvebi.

cxadia daviwyeT muSaoba Cvenive institutis farglebSi

momuSave kadrebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebaze zrunva da a.S.

cxadia advili ar iyo saswavlo procesis gaZliereba susti

saswavlo bazis doneze.

amasobaSi ganaTlebis saministrom SemoiRo akreditaciis

procesi. Cveni instituti cxadia ar aRmoCnda mzad am

procesisaTvis ris gamoc mogvces garkveuli dro (erTi weli)

da Sedegad institutSi ganxorcielda kompiuterizacia da sxva

materialur-teqnikuri bazis ganmtkicebis samuSaoebi. erTi

sityviT met-naklebad davZlieT mZime viTareba da instituti

nel-nela Cadga mowinave institutebis rigSi. institutis Sida

resursebisa da Tbilisidan mowveuli maRali kvalifikaciis

77

SoTa xecuriani

mqone specialistebis mowvevis meSveobiT mivaRwieT sruliad

axali sagnebis swavlebis SemoRebas.

gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda fakultetze iseTi sagnebis

swavleba, rogoricaa: ekonomikuri informatika, informaciuli

teqnologiebi da a.S.

fakultetze gavaZliereT iseTi disciplinebis swavleba

rogoricaa: qveynis ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis

prognozireba, fermeruli meurneobis ekonomika da organizacia.

fakultetze aseve saWirod CavTvaleT maTematikuri sagnebis

gaZliereba gaZliereba da a.S.

ekonomikis fakultetze saswavlo gegmaSi SevitaneT garda

Teoriuli swavlebis kursisa praqtikul-seminaruli samuSaoebi.

garda amisa studentebi gadiodnen sawarmoo praqtikas, rogorc

imereTis regionis aseve, saqarTvelos subtropikuli zonis

raionebSi sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoebSi.

yvela studentebisaTvis savaldebulo gavxadeT sadiplomo

Sromebis damuSaveba da dacva. gavaxSireT konferenciebis

Catareba ara mxolod institutSi, aramed vawyobdiT e.w. gasvliT

konferenciebs regionebSi.

ekonomikis kaTedra faqtiurad mTlianad sabazro ekonomikis

ufro Rrmad aTvisebaSi CaerTo pedagogebisaTvis savaldebulo

gavxadeT samecniero statiebis gamoqveyneba da mecnieruli

Sromebis Seqmna iseTi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb rogoricaa bazris

funqcia da roli ara mxolod zogadad aramed sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

axleburad ganixileboda saxelmwifos roli da funqcia

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, saxelmwifos finansuri politika

da finansuri sistema, agraruli ekonomikis ganviTarebis

tendenciebi sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, kooperireba agrarul

sferoSi, monopolizaciisa da konkurenciis gavlena warmoebis

ganviTarebaze sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi samewarmeo

78

SoTa xecuriani

saqmianoba soflis meurneobaSi, soflis meurneobis warmoebis

adaptireba sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, soflis meurneobis

warmoebis ekologiuri da socialuri dasabuTeba da a.S.

yvela CamoTvlili sakiTxebis Seswavlisa da dasabuTebis

sakiTxebze pedagogebTan erTad Cabmulni iyvnen studentebi.

cnobilia, rom normaluri ekonomikuri garemos gareSe

SeuZlebelia jansaRi bunebrivi garemos SenarCuneba da

sazogadoebis socialur-yofiTi pirobebis gaumjobeseba da

srulyofa. Tavis mxriv jansaRi bunebrivi garemo ganapirobebs

warmoebis efeqtianobis amaRlebis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli Zalis

- adamianis janmrTelobas da harmoniul ganviTarebas. saboloo

jamSi miiRweva SromiTi da zogadad adamianuri resursebis,

warmoebis bunebrivi da sxva materialuri resursebis gamoyenebis

efeqtianobis amaRleba, rac Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens

socialur garemoze.

amrigad, sameurneo gadawyvetilebebis ganxorcielebis dros

yoveli qmedebis Sefaseba unda daeqvemdebaros kompleqsur

dasabuTebas. am procesSi unda aisaxos socialuri, ekologiuri

da ekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebi.

ekologiur sferoSi saxelmwifoebrivi regulirebis sistema

agebuli unda iqnas ara mxolod fuladi jarimebis da saerTod

finansuri sanqciebis SemoRebiT, aramed unda damkvidrdes

sabazro ekonomikis sistemisadmi damaxasiaTebeli, samarTlebrivi

da organizaciul-teqnikuri da sxva aucilebeli pirobebis

konkurentuli garemos SeqmnisaTvis xelSemwyobi, mwyobri

erTiani sistema.

aseTi pirobebi soflis meurneobaSi Seiqmneba TviT soflis

meurneobasa da mrewvelobas Soris eqvivalenturi gacvliTi

urTierTobis damyarebis pirobebSi. rogorc cnobilia zogadad

bunebriv pirobebSi, TavisTavad myardeba saerTo wonasworoba,

xolo adamianis Carevis Sedegad aucilebelia Seiqmnas

79

SoTa xecuriani

materialuri resursebis gamoyenebisaTvis jansaRi garemo.

sabazro ekonomika Tavis mxriv moiTxovs harmoniuli

kvlavwarmoebis da ekologiuri mdgradobis SenarCunebisaTvis

saWiro pirobebis Seqmnas. sxva SemTxvevaSi Tavs iCens ekologiuri

krizisis warmoqmnis winapirobebis warmoqmnis procesi, rac

Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs ekonomikuri krizisis ganviTarebas,

bunebrivi resursebis mtaceblur gamoyenebas.

cxadia bunebrivi garemos gauaresebis nebismieri forma

uaryofiTad aisaxeba soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoebis

raodenobriv da xarisxobriv maCveneblebze.

dResdReobiT msoflios maStabiT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

eqceva biologiurad sufTa produqciis warmoebas, qimiuri

sasuqebis, diax, diax, qimiuri sasuqebisa da sxvadasxva saxis

pesticidebis, sxva qimiuri danamatebis gamoyenebis minimumamde

Semcirebas da saboloo jamSi maTi gamoyenebiT soflis

meurneobis produqciis warmoebis zrdaze uaris Tqmas.

cxadia, rom qimizacia, rogorc soflis meurneobis produqciis

warmoebis zrdis erT-erTi faqtoris momentalurad Semcirebas

SesaZloa uaryofiTi Sedegi mohyves produqciis warmoebis

maStabebis mkveTri Semcirebis mimarTulebiT. rom ar moxdes

produqciis warmoebis erTbaSad mkveTri Semcireba, amisaTvis

saWiroa ganxorcieldes erTgvari Canacvleba e.w biologiuri

miwaTmoqmedebis damkvidrebiT.

civilizebuli qveynebis gamocdileba adasturebs, rom

mcire droSi garemos dacvis xelSesaxebi gaumjobeseba

sakmaod rTulia, Tumca ekonomikuri regulirebis meSveobiT

SesaZlebelia garkveuli cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba. aseTi

saxis regulirebis meqanizmebi iTvaliswinebs upirveles yovlisa

materialur stimulirebas. aseTi stimulirebis meTodi ar

gamoricxavs garemos gaWuWyianebisadmi fuladi sajarimo

sanqciebis gamoyenebas. am gziT amoRebuli Tanxebi gamoiyeneba

80

SoTa xecuriani

bunebis dacvis RonisZiebebis dasafinanseblad.

niSandoblivia isic, rom zogierT qveyanaSi ekologiuri

mdgradobis SenarCunebisaTvis SeRavaTiani kreditebis sistemis

SemoReba da sxva finansuri berketebis gamoyeneba efeqtur Sedegs

iZleva. aseve mniSvnelovania miwis nayofierebis mdgradobisa

da saerTod miwTsargeblobis kanonmdeblobis srulyofa da

dawesebuli warmatebis dacvisaTvis saxelmwifoebrivi qmediTi

sistemis SemoReba. metad mniSvnelovania agreTve miwebis

rekultivaciis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba.

agroRonisZiebebis mizanmimarTuli efeqtianoba Tavis

gamoxatulebas unda poulobdes mosavlianobaSi, mecxoveleobis

produqciis gadidebaSi da aseve rac mTavaria, niadagis (miwis)

nayofierebis doneSi. am jaWvSi - agroRonisZieba, niadagi -

mosavali, ar unda amovardes niadagi.

agroRonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, arc Tu iSviaTad dakavSirebulia

e.w. irib SedegebTanac, kerZod, igi aisaxeba wylis, floris, faunis

da haeris mdgomareobaze. es Sedegi ara iSviaTad negatiuria da

saboloo jamSi gavlenas axdens adamianze, cxovelze da saerTod

yvela cocxal organizmze sruliad samyaroze.

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi soflis meurneobisaTvis

da sayovelTaod yvela dargisaTvis biznesis formireba da

ganviTareba unda warimarTos mravalfaqtoruli analizisa da

Sesabamisi kompleqsuri RonisZiebebis SemuSavebasa da praqtikaSi

ganxorcielebis safuZvelze.

msoflios maStabis globalizaciis pirobebSic soflis

meurneobisaTvis, aseve sxva dargebisaTvis, biznesis formireba

da ganviTareba gulisxmobs sxvadasxva RonisZiebebis urTierT

gacvlasa da urTierT SeRwevas. arc Tu iSviaTad qveyanaSi

Semodis sxvadasxva qveynebidan axali jiSebi, Sesabamisad axali

saTesle masala, pirutyvis axali jiSebi da a.S.

aseT viTarebaSi saWiroa qveyanaSi arsebuli bunebriv-

81

SoTa xecuriani

ekologiuri pirobebis Sesabamisi dargebis, mcenareebisa da

cxovelebis SerCevis efeqturi RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba, sacdeli

saqmianobis farTo maStabiT gaSlis maStabiT muSaoba. cxadia

ar unda gamoiricxos is faqti, rom xSirad aseT viTarebaSi

mimdinareobs calkeuli qveynebidan garkveuli zewolis

RonisZiebebi. cxadia am movlenis gamoricxva ar SeiZleba.

rodesac saubaria agraruli sferos sabazro ekonomikis

relsebze gadayvanaze da dargebis adaptirebaze, saWiroa

aRniSnuli problema ganxiluli iqnas qveynis maStabiT

reformebis erTdroulad yvela dargSi da yvela sferoSi

reformebis aucileblobis pirobebSi.

gaTvaliswinebulia isic, rom aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi,

upirvelesad yovlisa yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi, mimdinare

ekonomikuri reformebi gamoirCeoda rigi TaviseburebebiT. es

ukanaskneli ganpirobebuli iyo calkeuli qveynebis bunebriv-

ekonomikuri, istoriuli socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis,

agreTve erovnuli tradiciebis gansaxvavebulobiT.

miuxedavad aseTi „siWreleebisa“ aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi,

upirveles yovlisa yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi, mimdinare

ekonomikuri reformebi gamoirCeoda rigi TaviseburebebiT. es

ukanaskneli ganpirobebuli iyo, upirveles yovlisa, calkeuli

qveynebis bunebriv-ekonomikuri da socialur-istoriuli

pirobebis da erovnuli tradiciebis gansxvavebulobiT,

rogorc es zemoT avRniSneT, Tumca es procesi zogadad,

ZiriTadad sami mimarTulebiT mimdinareobda: es mimarTulebebi

iyo: 1. ekonomikuri reabilitacia; aseve 2. kerZo sakuTrebis

sayovelTaod damkvidrebisa da 3. ekonomikis struqturuli

gardaqmnis mimarTulebiT.

cxadia es procesi yvela qveyanaSi erTnairi midgomiTa da

meTodiT ar unda ganxorcielebuliyo. Tumca es principi

yovelTvis rodis iyo daculi.

82

SoTa xecuriani

cnobilia, rom ruseTis federaciam Tavisi qveynis ekonomikuri

reforma monetaruli modelis principebis Sesabamisad

ganxorcieleba daiwyo, anu daiwyo finansuri stabilizacia,

fasebis liberalizaciisa da sabiujeto deficitis Semcirebisa

da SedarebiT mkacri sakredito sistemis, saxelmwifo xarjebis

SemcirebiT da a.S. daiwyo.

amdagvari midgoma anu, Sokuri Terapiis gamoyeneba arc

Tu sakmarisad Sedegiani aRmoCnda, im ubralo mizezTa gamo,

rom sawyis etapze Cvens qveyanas ar gaaCnda damoukidebeli

(avtonomiuri) makroekonomika arc sakmarisi finansebi ar

arsebobda qveyanaSi. da rac mTavaria ekonomikuri reforma

CvenSi naklebad Seexo uSualod warmoebis sferos. sawarmoebma

praqtikulad minimumamde Seamcires produqciis warmoeba da

am mxriv Semcirebuli Semosavlis gadafarva fasebis gazrdiT

daiwyes anu fasebis nebaze miSvebiT daiwyes, rac sruliad

miuRebeli aRmoCnda.

yvelaze mZime suraTi Seiqmna im mxriv, rom gamoCnda axali

komersantebis fena. anu ZiriTadad adamianebma yidva-gayidvis

xarjze miRebuli mogebis warmoebaze iwyes gadasvla, maSin roca

warmoeba sistematiurad dabla ecemoda.

yidva-gayidvaze damyarebuli biznesi cxadia SesaZlebelia,

Tumca qveynis maStabiT am gziT svla qveynis ekonomikis zrdas

ver uzrunvelyofs xangrZlivi periodisaTvis.

cnobilia isic, rom im periodSi ekonomikuri gardaqmnis

process upirvelesad yovlisa met-naklebad ganapirobebda

1992 wels Catarebuli miwis reforma, roca ganxorcielda e.w.

sakarmidamo miwebis Sevsebis gziT gadideba.

am gziT wasvlaze xelisuflebas karnaxobda is mdgomareoba,

rom sakarmidamo miwebis farTobis erTeulze miRebuli mosavali

4-5 jer aRemateboda sazogadoebriv sawarmoebSi miRebul

aRniSnul maCvenebels.

83

SoTa xecuriani

miuxedavad garkveuli Sedegebisa, miwis reformac

warumatebeli aRmoCnda rogorc subieqturi ise obieqturi

mizezebis gamo.

kerZod, upirveles yovlisa saWiro iyo miwebis sruli

pasportizacia, zusti aRricxva. aseve ar iyo dadgenili miwis

fasi, diferencirebuli miwis nayofierebisa, reliefisa da sxva

maxasiaTeblebis Sesabamisad.

aRsaniSnavia, isic, rom qveyanaSi arsebuli ganukiTxaobis fonze

materialuri warmoebis dargebis ngrevam gamoiwvia biznesis

damkvidreba ara warmoebis sferoSi, aramed yidva-gayidvis, anu

vaWrobis sferoSi. Sesabamisad farTo gasaqani mieca qveyanaSi

Crdilovani ekonomikis ganviTarebas. saxelmwifo biurokratiam

farTod daimkvidra adgili mTel qveyanaSi.

privatizaciis procesi ZiriTadad warimarTa zogierTi

saxelmwifo moxeleebis sasargeblod maTi qveyanaSi dakavebuli

Tanamdebobrivi doneebis Sesabamisad.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom im droisaTvis miuRebeli iyo miwebis

gayidva sakanonmdeblo bazis ar arsebobis gamoc, ramac ganapiroba

Cveni qveynis miwebis gasxviseba sxva qveynebis moqalaqeebze.

Tumca Cveni qveynis moqalaqeebis im nawilma romlebic

xelisuflebis sxvadasxva doneebs warmoadgenda, maTma garkveulma

nawilma e.w. simbolur fasad (erT larad) xelSi Caigdo miwebis

garkveuli nawili, maT Soris venaxebisa da sxva mravalwliani

nargavebis saxiT.

da rac mTavaria, zogierTma Cinovnikebma xelSi Caigdes

muqTad ara mxolod miwisa da plantaciebis garkveuli nawili

aramed, teqnikuri da teqnologiuri mowyobilobebisa, sasawyobo

meurneobebisa da sxva dazga-danadgarebis nawili, romelic

rogorc ityvian „Calis fasad“ iqna gatanili jarTis saxiT sxva

qveynebSi maT, Soris umetesi nawili gatanili iqna TurqeTSi,

rogorc teritoriulad axlos myof e.w. kapitalistur qveyanaSi.

84

SoTa xecuriani

ar SeiZleba ar avRniSnoT isic, rom ekonomikis regulirebis

procesi, gansakuTrebiT gardamaval peridoSi ar SeiZleba srulad

mivandoT bazars, radgan am viTarebaSi SeiZleba adgili hqondes

Cavardnebs sabazro ekonomikuri konkurenciis pirobebSi. anu

saWiro iyo droebiT SenarCunebuli yofiliyo saxelmwifoebrivi

regulirebis pirobebi Tundac mokle droiT.

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi uaRresad srulyofili

unda iyos aRricxva - angariSgebis sistema qveynis maStabiT,

aseve statistikuri da buRaltruli aRricxva, romelic unda

Seesabamebodes msoflioSi aprobirebul standartebsa da

erTiani aRricxvis sistemas.

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi statistikuri aRricxva unda

moicavdes rogorc sawarmo sferos aseve socialur sferos da

mTel infrastruqturas.

socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis analizis safuZvelze

unda ganxorcieldes makro-ekonomikuri maCveneblebis

ganviTarebis tendenciebis dadgena, rac Tavis mxriv xels

Seuwyobs marketingisa da socialuri koniunqturis gansazRvras.

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi uaRresad mniSvnelovania

auditis-firmis safinanso ekonomikuri monitoringis

ganxorcieleba.

auditoruli samsaxurebi xels uwyobs swori analizisa

da aRricxvis sizustis uzrunvelyofas, rac gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovania sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi.

civilizebuli sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi auditoruli

samsaxuri miCneulia samewarmeo saqmianobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan

formad.

aseTia mkveTrad Semoklebulad im sakiTxebis CamonaTvali,

romelic Cveni fakultetis profesor-maswavleblebisa da

mowveuli gamocdili kadrebis meSveobiT xorcieldeboda

saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis saxelmwifo institutis

85

SoTa xecuriani

(SemdgomSi) universitetis ekonomikisa da marTvis (menejmentis)

fakultetze.

zemoT CamoTvlil da yvelas CamoTvla SeuZlebelia,

ekonomikisa da marTvis fakkultetze mimdinareobda leqciebis

kiTxva da praqtikul-seminaruli samuSaoebis Catareba. axal

sabazro ekonomikis sistemisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sakiTxebze

mTeli saswavlo programis gadarTva cxadia, ioli saqme ar

iyo, Sesabamisad pedagogiuri koleqtivi mTlianad gadaewyo am

mimarTulebiT. Sedgenili iqna axali saswavlo gegmebi da a.S.

vfiqrob mTavari isic iyo, rom Cveni pedagogiuri koleqtivi

CarTuli iyo imereTis zonis sawarmoebis axal ekonomikur

sistemaze gadasvlis mizniT konsultaciebis CatarebaSi. xSirad

ewyoboda Cveni Sexvedrebi imereTis regionis da wyaltubos

sawarmoebSi axali ekonomikuri sistemis damkvidrebis

mimarTulebiT.

imereTis gubernatorma Teimuraz SaSiaSvilma Tavis kabinetTan

Seqmna specialuri jgufi imereTis regionSi axali ekonomikuri

sistemis warmatebuli funqcionirebis mizniT. am jgufSi viyaviT

CarTuli subtropikuli institutis ekonomikisa da marTvis

fakultetis wamyvani specialistebi. vatarebdiT konferenciebs

ekonomikur problemebze sadac viwvevdiT kvalificiur kadrebs

Tbilisidan.

aseve vatarebdiT gasvliT mecadineobebs regionis sasoflo-

sameurneo sawarmoebSi da uSualod vmuSaobdiT axlad

Camoyalibebul fermeruli tipis meurneobebSi.

86

SoTa xecuriani

VII. afxazeTSi saqmianobis Taobaze

(mxolod zogi ram)

Cemi Segnebuli cxovrebis ZiriTadi nawili afxazeTSi gavatare.

9-10 wlis asakidan dawyebuli davamTavre 7 klasi da swavla

gavagrZele soxumis subtropikuli meurneobis teqnikumSi,

romelic davamTavre warCinebiT. es is periodia roca meore

msoflio omi is-is iyo damTavrda da 1965-1967 wlebSi soxumis

subtropikuli meurneobis teqnikumSi swavlis periodi sakmaod

mZime gaxldaT, Tundac imis gamo, rom ar arsebobda satransporto

saSualebebi, soflad da qalaqad gamefebuli iyo siraribe. sofeli

cagera is-is iyo fexs idgamda. ganaxlda soflis mSenebloba 250-

mde saxlis (e.w. berias saxlebi) mSenebloba TiTqmis dasrulda.

yvela ojaxi cdilobda met-naklebad moewesrigebina Tavisi

karmidamo. venaxebma ukve daiwyo yurZnis Semosavlis miReba.

yvela ojaxSi mravlad gaaSenes xexili. rac mTavaria daiwyo

citrusebis plantaciebis, Caisa da sxva subtropikuli xexili

baRebis mSenebloba ara mxolod sakarmidamo meurneobebSi,

aramed sakolmeurneo miwis farTobebze.

axalgazrdoba aqtiurad Caeba soflis aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi.

im droisaTvis, rogorc wesi moqmedebda sakmaod mkacri kanonebi,

romelic mosaxleobas aiZulebda sakolmeurneo saqmianobaSi

masiurad Cabmas.

maxsovs isic, rom mosaxleobisaTvis ar iyo nebadarTuli

raionis (oCamCiris) farglebSiac ki soflis meurneobis

produqciiT vaWroba. rogorc wesi oCamCiris sakolmeurneo

bazarze, ufro sworad kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris werilobiTi

nebarTvis gareSe aravis SeeZlo bazarze gasvla. nebarTvas ki,

rogorc wesi aravin iZleoda.

diqtatoruli reJimi met-naklebad garkveul Sedegs iZleoda,

Tumca samuSaoTa Sesrulebis xarisxi metad dabali iyo da Sedegad

87

SoTa xecuriani

sakolmeurneo naTes-nargavebis mosavlianoba TiTqmis 4-5 jer

dabali iyo sakarmidamo miwebze miRebul mosavlianobasTan

SedarebiT. glexoba miuxedavad mkacri reJimisa, axerxebda Tavisi

karmidamos keTilmowyobas.

masiurad daiwyes axalmosaxleobam ojaxebSi frinvelisa da,

rogorc wvrilfexa aseve msxvilfexa pirutyvis momravleba.

ase da amgvarad masiurad daiwyo adgilobrivi eqstensiuri

miwaTmoqmedebis intensiur gzaze gadasvla. unda aRiniSnos

isic, rom dasawyisSi kolmeurne glexobas sakarmidamo

farTobebi gamouyves mxolod 0,25ha TiToeul komls. rogorc

Cans axalmosaxleTa mimarT gamoyenebuli iqna im droisaTvis

arsebuli sakmaod mkacri kanoni miwaTsargeblobis Sesaxeb, rac

imaSi mdgomareobda, rom axal dasaxlebul komls, rogorc wesi

mxolod 0,25ha sakarmidamo unda mieRo mxolod. aRniSnuli kanonis

damrRvevi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiTac ki isjeboda.

kolmeurneebis ojaxebi, romelTac Svilebi wamoezardaT

cdilobdnen gayofiliyvnen da am gziT mieRoT damatebiTi miwis

nakveTi Tumca, am mxrivac cdilobda kolmeurneoba, SeezRudaT

an SeekavebinaT es procesi. arc Tu iSviaTad soflis saWo Tavisi

dadgenilebiT gayofilad aformebda mravalSvilian ojaxebs,

Tumca kolmeurneobis gamgeoba mainc da mainc didi enTuziazmiT

ar cdilobda gayofil ojaxebze damatebiTi miwis nakveTis

gamoyofas. erTi sityviT iqmneboda garkveuli daZabuloba am

mimarTulebiTac.

maxsovs, meore msoflio omi axali damTavrebuli iyo roca

sofel cageras estumra saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri

komitetis pirveli mdivani kandid Carkviani. igi warmoSobiT

leCxumeli gaxldaT da cageraSi Camosaxlebul glexobas roca

estumra Zalian gaukvirda roca gaigo, rom am patara qalaquri

tipis sofelSi glexoba mijriT cxovrobdnen da mxolod 0,25

heqtarSi iyvnen „Camjdarni“.

88

SoTa xecuriani

mTeli soflis mosaxleoba, rogorc ityvian „didi da patara“

Segrovda soflis SuagulSi e.w. „evkaliptebSi“ , ase eZaxdnen

centralur adgils, sadac is-is iyo evkaliiptis axal wamozrdili

nargavebi iyo.

maxsovs isic, rom malariis winaaRmdeg brZolis mizniT

masobrivad tardeboda Waobebis amoSroba da am RonisZiebis erT-

erTi nawili iyo evkaliptis masiuri gaSeneba. evkalipti wylis

moyvaruli mcenarea da garda imisa, rom igi wylis amoSrobis

da garemos gajansaRebis erT-erTi kargi saSualeba iyo.

evkalipts, rogorc fitoncidur mcenares koRoebisa da sxva

mikroorganizmebis zrdis Semaferxebeli Tviseba gaaCnda.

evkaliptis masobrivad gaSenebis iniciatori maSn swored

lavrenti beria gaxldaT. mTeli afxazeTis maStabiT

magistraluri gzebis gaswvriv, aseve qalaqebsa da soflebSi

evkaliptis gaSenebas saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobad miiCnevdnen im

droisaTvis.

mivubrundeT kvlav cageras sakiTxs ck-as mdivanma kandid

Carkvianma davaleba misca afxazeTis xelmZRvanelobas raTa

axlad Casaxlebuli soflebisaTvis, maT Soris cageras

mosaxleobisaTvis damatebiT gamoeyoT miwis nakveTebi

sakarmidamo meurneobebisaTvis 0,25 ha anu TiToeul komls

ganusazRvres 0,5 ha miwis farTobi.

rodesac axlad Casaxlebul mosaxleobaze vsaubrobT, cxadia

bunebrivad Cndeba garkveuli winaaRmdegoba adgilobriv da

axlad CasaxlebulTa Soris. bunebrivia roca erTi komlia da

igi Tavisuflad grZnobs Tavs anu imdens flobs miwis nakveTs

ramdenic surs (diax, flobs Tumca ar amuSavebs mas, aramed

mxolod flobs da rogorc ityvian „Citsac“ ar SeuZlia iq

Tavisuflad ifrinos „hai-hai“ gasZaxebs „feodali“, romelsac

sakmaod vrceli samflobelo gaaCnia da bunebriv-klimaturi

xelsayreli pirobebis wyalobiT sakmaod miuwvdeba xeli tyis

89

SoTa xecuriani

nobaTze da raRa saWiroa, rom „weli“ gaiwyvitos mosavlis

movla-moyvanisaTvis). diax, ase yalibdeba „Tavisufali Sromis

moyvareoba“ da ara Sromis moyvareoba saerTod.

miwas da Sromas danatrebuli, exlaxan mTis mkacri bunebis

pirobebSi namyofi adamianebi, daxarbebulad Seesien am bunebrivi

nayofierebiT mdidar miwebs da marTalia aranairi teqnika ar

arsebobda im dros, magram barisa da Toxis imedad glexoba

sakmaod warmatebulad grZnobda Tavs.

omis Semdgom periodSi saxelmwifomac axali miwebis

aTvisebisaTvis manqana-traqtorebis sadgurebi Seqmna da ukve

amjerad masobrivad daiwyo tye-buCqnarebisa da Waobebis

masiurad aTviseba mTeli afxazeTis maStabiT.

sruliad bunebrivia adgilobrivi mosaxleoba SeaSfoTa am

viTarebam da TandaTan gaCnda ukmayofilebis sababi adgilobriv

mosaxleobaSi. es procesi cageras magaliTze Tu ganvixilavT,

cxadia gaCnda garkveuli winaaRmdegobebi. am soflis mosaxleobis

sakarmidamo miwebis damateba 0,25 heqtaridan 0,5 heqtaramde

Tavad soflis SigniT teritoriaze SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda,

amdenad saWiro gaxda axali farTobebis moZieba. cxadia

sakarmidamo miwebis gadidebasTan erTad mTavrobam saWirod

CaTvala axlad Camoyalibebuli kolmeurneobisaTvis damatebiT

gamoeyoT miwis nakveTi. cageras kolmeurneobas nawili miwebisa

gadaeca „cxeniswylisa“ da „tamiSis“ miwis teritoriidan. diax,

yvelaferi kolmeurneobas gadmoeca.

cxadia cageras mosaxleobam Tavisi ZalebiT aiTvisa miwis

farTobebi Savi zRvispira zolSi e.w. „bronis yanebis“ saxiT,

romelic omis periodSi gamoyofili iqna mTavrobis mier, sadac

aTvisebis process axorcielebda cageras mosaxleobis is nawili

(mamakacebi) , romelnic 50 wlis asaks gadacilebulni iyvnen,

romlebic mosavlis nawils gamosakvebadac iyenebdnen.

cageras Semdgom etapze gadaeca miwis farTobebi mezoblad

90

SoTa xecuriani

arsebuli tungos meurneobis teritoriis nawili. ase, rom

cageram tye-buCqnarebis aTvisebasTan erTad miwis nawili miiRo

mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT sadac, vazis, citrusebisa da Cais

plantaciebis masobrivad gaSeneba ganxorcielda.

swored am periodSi - 1947 wels me ukve davamTavre soxumis

subtropikuli teqnikumi warCinebiT da imdroindeli saswavlo

sistemis pirobebSi savaldebulod iTvleboda warCinebiT

kursdamTavrebuls swavla unda gaegrZelebina Sesabamis umaRles

saswavlebelSi.

moxda ise, rom teqnikumSi gamosaSvebi saxelmwifo gamocdebi

agvistos bolomde grZeldeboda ris gamo, organizaciulad ver

moeswro Cems mier swavlis gagrZeleba umaRles saswavlebelSi

- saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi q. TbilisSi.

amitom teqnikumis direqciam me mimavlina Cems sofelSi

(cageraSi) mTavari agronomis Tanamdebobaze. ori kviris Semdeg

kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomarem kolmeurneobis saerTo krebaze

waradgina Cemi kandidatura kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris

moadgilis Tanamdebobaze. ase, rom me ukve jer kidev 17-18 wlis

asakSi im droisaTvis sakmaod solidur Tanamdebobaze vmuSaobdi.

gavixseneb zogierT moments, romelic Cemi azriT gamoadgeba

axal damwyeb specialistebs muSaobaSi.

cxadia gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom im dros roca

me, rogorc specialistma (saSualo specialuri ganaTlebis

rangSi) muSaoba daviwye iseT garemoSi, roca arsebuli

viTarebis Sesabamisad TiTqmis yvela problemuri sakiTxebis

dros gadawyvetilebas, ase vTqvaT „zemoT“ Rebulobdnen da

saWiro iyo zemodan momdinare, vTqvaT ase, direqtiuli wesiT

vRebulobdiT da cxadia mTavari iyo am direqtivis srulad da,

ase vTqvaT, xarisxianad Sesruleba. ar unda dagvaviwydes isic,

rom TandaTanobiT fexs ikidebda e.w. raodenobrivi maCveneblebi:

vTqvaT ramdeni davTeseT, ramdeni davagroveT da a.S. am viTarebaSi

91

SoTa xecuriani

prioritetuli xdeboda raodenobrivi maCveneblebis Sesruleba

da naklebad sayuradRebo xdeba xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi.

aseTi midgoma, rogorc ukve avRniSneT Tavs iCenda Sedegobriv

maCveneblebSi. im dros arc Tu ise iSviaTi iyo e.w. miwerebi da

faqtebis anu maCveneblebis Sefasebis dros manipulireba - me

rogorc axlad „gamoCekili“ warCinebuli specialisti sakmaod

„mkacrad“ vudgebodi Tundac im sakiTxebis Sefasebas, romelic

ase Tu ise, Cems kompetenciaSi Sedioda. aseTi, vTqvaT axleburi

anu, samarTliani midgoma saqmeSi arc ise ioli gamodga.

minda isic gavixseno, rom kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare,

romelTanac me muSaobis dawyeba momixda sakmaod Tavisuflebas

maniWebda Cemi specialobis mixedviT moqmedebaSi anu ar

mzRudavda Cemi movaleobis SesrulebaSi. me namdvilad keTilad

maxsendeba kolmeurneobis maSindeli Tavmjdomare vladimer

meSveliani, romelic cnobili iyo sakmaod mkacr, metad momTxovn

administratorad igi e.w. klasikur ganaTlebas moklebuli iyo,

Tumca kargi praqtikuli - sameurneos gamocdilebiT garkveul

warmatebebs aRwevda.

ar iqneba gadaWarbebuli Tu vityvi, rom pirveli sameurneo-

praqtika me am periodSi miviRe da SemdgomSiac am gamocdilebiT

bevr warmatebasac vaRwevdi.

gavixseneb aseT moments 1950-ian wlebSi da SemdgomSiac

gavrcelebuli iyo e.w. „staxanovuri“ meTodi. kerZod sasoflo-

sameurneo kulturebi gamoeyofoda sakolmeurneo „staxanovuri“

nakveTis saxiT da aRniSnul nakveTze ganesazRvreboda

mosavlianobis da mosavlis miRebis e.w. gegma, romlis Sesabamisad,

ufro swored dagegmili mosavlis gadaWarbebis Sesabamisad

gansazRvruli iyo Sromis anazRaureba. ara mxolod materialuri

waxaliseba, aramed, ase vTqvaT moraluri waxaliseba: vTqvaT

komunisturi partiis rigebSi an kidev axalgazrdebis komkavSirSi

miReba, deputatad arCeva adgilobriv arCevnebSi da a.S.

92

SoTa xecuriani

erT-erT kolmeurne glexs (gvar-saxelis xsenebas saerTod

veridebi es erTis mxriv ganzogadoebasac gulisxmobs

movlenebisa). diax, 0,25 ha msxmoiare colikauris venaxi hqonda

gapirovnebuli (aseTi terminic iyo maSin).

is iyo vazis gasxvlis periodi iyo swored e.w. staxanovur

nakveTs mivadeqi da gasxvlis procesis Semowmeba msurda.

rogorc ki gasxluli mwkrivi SevaTvaliere, iseTi STabeWdileba

Semeqmna, rom vazis sanayofe toti sakmaod grZlad momeCvena da

gadavTvale kvirtebis raodenoba. samamule toti ki normaluria

2-3 kvirtzea dayenebuli. am dros meore mwkrivis bolos mdgomma

„staxanovelma“ Cemsken gamooixeda da sasxlavi makratliT

xeli maRla aswia da momaZaxa: aba aqeT gamoiare. warCinebuli

specialistis rCeva namdvilad drouli iqneba-Tqva. ar iyo cudi

pirovneba, igi sakmaod gamocdili mevenaxe gaxldaT. Tumca ufro

dRevandelobiT - meti mosavlis miRebiT iyo ganwyobili, xolo

vazisadmi midgoma - momeCvena, rom ufro momxmarebluri iyo da

Semdgom wlebSi, strategiulad rogor ganviTardeboda vazi es

asakovan mevenaxes naklebad ainteresebda.

erTi sityviT, rogorc axlos mivedi masTan axali gasasxlavi

rigi ki ar avirCie, aramed gasxlul mwkrivs mivyevi da sakmaod

zrdilobianad TiToeul sanayofe tots 2-3 kvirtiT Semcireba

davuwye. cota Tavdaxrilad batonma n-m Tvqa: ai es namdvilad

grigol xecurianis Svili davinaxeo. cota amoixvneSa da

exlandeli specialistebi Teoriulad Tu icnoben sakiTxebs,

praqtikulad ki bevri araferi iciano-Tqva.

diax, mamaCems gansakuTrebulad movlili vazi hqonda Tavis

karmidamoSi da me swored iq miviRe gamocdileba.

mamaCemic sakmaod did datvirTvas aZlevda vazs. samagierod

nakeliT uzrunvelyofda blomad.

aq ki, sakolmeurneo nakveTSi vazis „datvirTva“ mogecaT

wyaloba - uyvardaT magram „sakvebis“ blomad miwodebaze Tavs

93

SoTa xecuriani

ar iwuxebdnen. Sedegic saxeze iyo vazi knindebobda da male

ifiteboda, „CaCanakdeboda“.

maxsovs kidev erTi ram:

Cais plantaciebis gaSenebas mihyo xeli kolmeurneobam.

davaleba iyo zemodan aseTi. mec am saqmeSi momiwia CarTva. yvelaze

rTulad plantaciis dagegmva - mwkrivTa Sorisebis gansazRvra,

mwkrivis sigrZe da gzebis, qarsafarebis da a.S. dagegmareba iyo

saWiro. subtropikul teqnikumSi viswavleT es sakiTxebi, Tumca

praqtikulad arc Tu ise ioli midgoma iyo. mwkrivi ar unda

gaiqces, arc gaiSalos da arc Seviwrovdes da a.S.

cota frTxilad Sevudeqi am saqmes, magram rac mTavaria

gamocdil brigadirs klimenti nemsiwveriZes daveyrdeni

muSaobaSi, mas iseTi STabeWdileba Seeqmna viTom me vaswavlidi, me

ki piriqiT misgan viswavle. igi praqtikulad gegmavda me ki cota

Teoria Sevitane am saqmeSi, roca marTkuTxa samkuTxedi avage,

rogorc teqnikumSi viswavleT da ai, ras niSnavs specialisti -

Tqva gamocdilma beigadirma da morCa, me ukve movipove aRiareba.

diax, Teoria praqtikis gareSe ar varga piriqiTac

naklebSedegiania saqme. ase, rom im wels 35 ha Cais plantacia

gavaSeneT.

erTi weli male gavida.

erT dRes komeurneobis Tavmjdomarem masTan mimixmo

da meubneba: Sen biZi (aseTi mimarTva icoda) - Sen ra swavlis

gagrZeleba ginda? - mekiTxeba. Tanac dasZina Sen ukve kargi

specialisti xar, iyavi CvenTan. Tanac miTxra, rom raikomSi

geZaxian da kargad dafiqrdio - dasZina.

gvilava gaxldaT oCamCiris raikomis mdivani. raikomis

mdivans kabinetSi veeberTela msoflios ruka hqonda gakruli.

geografiis maswavlebeliviT romeliRac qveyana damisaxela da

Semoxazeo sazRvrebi miTxra. ar minda vitrabaxo, geografia Cemi

sayvareli sagani iyo da cxadia gavakvirve mdivani da man kabinetSi

94

SoTa xecuriani

mjdom saorganizacio ganyofilebis ufross baton griSas

(gvari ar maxsovs) daavala. am axalgazrdas raikomis limitidan

Tbilisamde matareblis bileTi auRe da gaacile TbilisSi.

Tumca Tvali miadevne ukan ar dabrundeso. ar mindoda marTlac

swavlis gagrZeleba uWirda mamaCems, meuRle mZime avadmyofi

hyavda. dedaCemi saqmiani qali iyo da ojaxs dedaboZiviT edga.

samwuxarod igi pirvel kursze, rom vswavlobdi ise gardaicvala.

swavla mivatove, magram dekanma - kolia laWyepianma Tbilisidan

3 studenti moavlina CemTan da mainc wamiyvanes swavlis

gasagrZeleblad. warCinebiT davamTavre Tbilisis sasoflo-

sameurneo institutis agronomiuli fakulteti.

minda gavixseno is momenti, roca pirvelad movxvdi

TbilisSi misaReb gamocdebze sabuTebis Setanis dros cageras

soflis skolis maswavlebeli Semxvda da mkiTxa sad midixaro

maswavlebelma - lado silagaZem. man jibeze xeli „gaikra“ da

fuli ar aRmoaCnda, magram miTxra erT maneTs mainc Cagigdebdi

jibeSio, Tumca araferi aRmoaCnda. es faqti dRemde SemorCa Cems

mexsierebas. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom mTavaria sikeTis keTebis

survili gaaCndes adamians - es aris mTavari dadebiTi Tviseba.

institutSi swavlis periodSi uaRresad aqtiuri viyavi ara

mxolod swavlis mxriv aramed sportisa da sxva mimarTulebiT.

samxedro gakveTilebis dros da a.S.

yvelaze patara viyavi TiTqmis mTel jgufSi da institutSiac

ki magram, aravis vudebdi tols araferSi.

maxsovs saleqcio darbazSi leqciebis dros institutis

reqtori sariSvili Semovida raRac SfoTianad guruli kaci xom

Taviseburad mkvircxlia. mas Cveni sayvareli dekani, warmoSobiT

imereli kolia laWyepiani moyveboda. reqtorma profesors

mimarTa xecuriani sad aris Tvali moavlo mTel darbazs. me am

dros sul wina magidaze viyavi da raRacas viniSnavdi rveulSi.

dekanma aniSna ai aq aris Cveni moWidave studentio - uTxra.

95

SoTa xecuriani

am dros me arasodes miWidavebia da wamovdeqi sxartad, magram

gons ver movedi ra Widaobazea saubari. ise ki maxsovs sofelSi

pirutyvs vmwyemsavdiT bavSvebi da veWidavebodiT bavSvurad. Cemi

gvaris „mobiZaSvile“ biWi asakiTac da fizikuradac Cemze didi

iyo da rogorc ki dameWida, qveS momiqcia da trabaxic daiwyo,

aba ra gegona, rom dameWideo - miTxra. me am dros waqceulma

qvemodan yurze vukbine da manac Rriali morTo. am dros saidan

sadao da mamamisi (miro xecuriani) movarda CvenTan da grZeli

saxre gadaartya zurgze mis Svils. Se glaxako am cicqna balRma

rogor agatirao - uyvira.

anu es epizodi gamaxsenda da gavyvi dekansa da reqtors.

rogorc gavediT koridorSi maSin, xeli damado mxarze

reqtorma da meubneba ar SegeSindes Tu wagaqcevs mowinaaRmdege

mTavaria Seni monawileoba radgan, Seni wonis 50 kilogramiani

sxva aravin gvyavs institutSi da gunds ar uSveben monawileobis

misaRebado. Turme azerbaijanis studentebi yofilan Camosulni

Sejibrebaze.

rogorc ki saWidao formiT (gzadagza Camacves) gavedi

xaliCaze patara biWi, Savgremani megona rkinis mklavebi hqonda

xeli rom movkide. isRa movaswari meTqva, rom me Widaoba ar vici

da araferi momtexo meTqi da is iyo gulaRma var garTxmuli

xaliCaze da mTeli darbazi taSis grialiT daingra, lamis Weri

CamoiSala, sicil-xarxari da erTi „vai-uSvelebeli“ iyo.

es epizodi imitom gavisxene, rom adamiani yvela situaciaSi

uSiSrad unda moqmedebdes, aqtiuri unda iyos da ara mSiSara da

laCari.

kidev erT magaliTs gavixseneb Cemi „vaJkacobis“ Taobaze.

zari daireka da studentebi auditoriisken gavrbivarT da

karTan, rom mivedi SigniT erTi xarxari iyo da gogo-biWebi yiraze

gadadiodnen. Turme karis ukan uCinrad erT-erTi „mutruki“

studenti raWveli maisuraZe idga da moulodnelad studentebs

96

SoTa xecuriani

fexs udebda da yiraze gadadioda yvela maTgani.

me am dros „arc vacie da arc vacxele“ da moulodnelad

cvirpirSi sila gavartyi abezar maisuraZes. im wamsve mas

sisxli waskda cxviridan da is iyo am dros profesorma ikiTxa

ra xdeba, vin daartya am biWso? - mianiSna maisuraZeze. erTma

„dazaralebulma“ gogonam (mdivani iyo gvarad) xecurianma daartya

xeli pativcemulo - miuyrantala leqtors. vaime, gamagdebs axla

leqciidanTqo vifiqre, xeli rom momkida leqtorma mklavSi.

auditoriis Sua adgilze damayena da miubrunda maisuraZes

- fui, Sen tyuilad yofilxar fuye xe - am patara biWma rom

gagisilava saxeze, wadi, exlave saeqimo punqtSi da saxe Camoibaneo

- dauyvira.

me ki marTlac SemeSinda, rom mobrundeba mcems meTqi is biWi

da Sesvenebis dros Cems gverdiT svanis biWi - studenti jokia

meSveliani dadga dasacavad.

movida Sesvenebis dros Cemi „mteri“ da gadamexvia da meubneba

- yoCaR Sen, lobioebma veraferi gamibedes, mimarTa iq mdgom

studentebs.

diax, simxdales simamace jobia mgoni. mTavaria aqtiuroba

yvela sferoSi. bevri sxva studentebidan gansaxvavebiT xSirad

vakiTxavdi ara mxolod sainstituto biblioTekas. aseve xSirad

vakiTxavdi kaTedrebs konsultaciisaTvis. aseTi aqtiuroba

SeumCneveli ar rCeba. studentebi amorCeulad erT romelime

kaTderaze iyvnen mimagrebulni, me ki orma kaTedram damavala

sacdeli nakveTebis Seqmna Cemsave sofelSi subtropikul zonaSi

(cageraSi).

detalebze ar visaubreb, avRniSnav mxolod imas, rom es

is periodia, roca nikita xruSCovi did yuradRebas uTmobda

simindis kulturis gavrcelebas lamis mTeli sabWoTa maStabiTac

ki.

cxadia subtropikul zonaSi simindi da sxva marcvleuli

97

SoTa xecuriani

kulturebi, maT Soris pirutyvis sakvebi kulturebi farTo

maStabiT iyo gavrcelebuli, Tumca imis gamo, rom Caisa da sxva

mravalwliani subtropikuli kulturebis movla-moyvanas ara

nakleb mniSvnelovnad miiCnevda saqarTvelos mTavroba. aseT

viTarebaSi dRis wesrigSi idga sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaTa

SeTanwyoba da prioritetad warmoCinda ara upirvelesad

farTobebis zrda, aramed dRis wesrigSi idga farTobis erTeulze

meti mosavlis miReba.

aseT viTarebaSi Tbilisis sasoflo-sameurneo institutis

memcenareobis kaTedras, romelsac saTaveSi edga gamocdili,

erudirebuli profesori giorgi rcxilaZe. xolo miwaTmoqmedebis

kaTedras saTaveSi edga, aseve Zlieri profesori giorgi

qeSelaSvili. orTave kaTedraze aqtiurad viyavi CarTuli

jer kidev studentur wreebis formiT, xolo meore kursze

aRniSnulma kaTedrebma gadawyvites mindvris cdebis Catareba

afxazeTSi subtropikuli zonis soflis meurneobis warmoebis

pirobebSi.

Cemi soflis kolmeurneobis (oCamCiris raionis sofeli

cagera) sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi ganlagebuli iyo

tipiuri kolxidis eweri da mdinareebis sanapiroebze, aseve

zRvispira zolSi aluviuri niadagebi.

eweri tipis SedarebiT mJave PH-is pirobebSi ZiriTadad

gavrcelebulia Cai, citrusebi, tungi da sxva subtropikuli

mravalwliani kulturebi.

kaTedrebis davalebis Sesabamisad erTwliani marcvlovani da

pirutyvis sakvebi kulturebis gamocdisaTvis miwebi gamoyofili

iqna tipiur aluviuri tipis savargulebze. sadac kulturebidan

SerCeuli iqna simindi, rogorc samarcvled, aseve sasilosed

da saZovar-sakveb kulturis formiT. simindi am SemTxvevaSi

miCneuli iyo, ase vTqvaT, sabazo kulturad, xolo cdaSi

CarTuli iqna agreTve marcvleuli kultura, sorgo-sudanura,

98

SoTa xecuriani

aseve mravalwliani balaxebidan CarTuli iqna ionja.

rogorc mosalodneli iyo saukeTeso SedegebiT gamoirCeoda

simindi (ajameTis TeTri), romelic wlis ganmavlobaSi aswrebda

sami mosavlis miRebas.

kerZod simindis damuxlebis periodSi iWreboda 15-20 sm-

is simaRleze, miRebuli mwvane masa igi gamoiyeneboda mewveli

furebisaTvis. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleboda sasilosedac,

SemdgomSi amonayari kultura aswrebda marcvlis miRebas e.w.

rZisebr-cvilisebri formiT da Semdeg SeiZleboda misi mwvane

masis miReba amjerad ukve sasilosed.

karg Sedegs iZleoda subtropikul zonaSi mravalwliani

balaxebi (ionja) da a.S. romelic weliwadSi or mosavals iZleoda

3-4 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

ase, rom am cdebis safuZvelze institutis damTavrebis

Semdeg (roca ukve saqarTvelos miwaTmoqmedebis akademiaSi -

miwaTmoqmedebis kvleviT institutSi (saguramoSi) ekonomikis

fakultetze sadisertacio Temad sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis

intensifikaciis sakiTxebi - avirCie.

es Tema, romelic davasrule da davicavi disertacia

ekonomikis ganxriT warmoadgenda afxazeTis sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebis uaRresad aqtualur Temas, sxvaTaSoris mis

damuSavebaSi CarTuli iyo subtropikuli institutis rusuli

seqtoris (dauswrebeli swavlebis) studentebi, oCamCireli p.

kortava da e. Cagava. am studentebma Tavisi sadiplomo Sromebi

daamuSaves Cemi sadisertacio Temis Semadgeneli nawilis formiT.

maT sadiplomo Temebi daicves uSualod sasoflo-sameurneo

sawarmoebSi sajaro formiT.

afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis ganviTareba

intensiuri gziT anu farTobis erTeulze meti mosavlis

miRebiT unda ganviTardes, cxadia, rac imavdroulad erTeuli

produqciis warmoebis danaxarjebis Semcirebasac gulisxmobs,

99

SoTa xecuriani

rac ganpirobebulia imiT, rom afxazeTi mTlianad sakurorto

zonaa da saWiroa adgilobrivad meti da iafi produqciis

warmoeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mzardi moTxovnilebis

dakamyofilebisaTvis, aramed mniSvnelovnad gazrdili

(perspeqtivaSi) turistuli kontigentis ricxvi moiTxovs meti da

meti raodenobis adgilobrivi, ekologiurad sufTa produqciis

warmoebas. amasTan erTad mniSvnelovania produqciis mravali

asortimenti da a.S.

afxazeTis soflis meurneoba istoriulad viTardeboda

eqstensiuri gziT anu farTobis erTeulze SedarebiT naklebi

mosavlis miRebiT da dabali mosavlianobiT iyo damaxasiaTebeli

da a.S.

metic adgilobrivi mosaxleoba metadre mTis wineTSi da

mTian zonaSi ZiriTadad tyis nobaTiT kmayofildeboda. arc

pirutyvisaTvis xarjavda did dros bunebrivi tye-buCqnarebi

da alag-alag bunebrivi saZovar-mindvrebiT kmayofildeboda.

aq metadre adgilobrivi, ufro zustad ujiSo saqoneli iyo

gavrcelebuli.

aseTi vTqvaT ioli gziT kmayofildeboda adgilobrivi

mosaxleoba.

SemdgomSi TandaTanobiT fexi moikida samegrelodan,

imereTidan da saqarTvelos sxva regionebidan migrirebulma

mosaxleobas. adgilobriv mosaxleobas qarTvelebi, somxebi

da sxva erovnebis adamianebi warmoadgendnen. mTis siRrmeebSi,

xevebSi ki umetes wilad svanuri mosaxleoba etaneboda.

qlexoris midamoebSi TiTqmis mxolod svanebi saxlobdnen,

romlebic meore msoflio omis Sedegad TandaTan Seaviwrova

ruseTis, metwilad kavkasiis mTis gadaRma mxaridan afsuuri

warmoSobis afxazi mosaxleobis mowolam.

1939-1940-1950-ian wlebSi ruseTis saxelmwifo struqturebi

TandaTanobiT eZalebian afxazeTis teritorias - Savi zRvispiris

100

SoTa xecuriani

midamoebSi. am wlebSi Cais, citrusebisa da sxva subtropikuli

kulturebis arealis gafarToebas Tan mohyva saqarTvelos mTiani

mosaxleobis Casaxleba afxazeTSi. am movlenam farTo areali

misca afxazeTSi subtropikuli kulturebis farTo gaSenebis da

movla - moyvanis RonisZiebebma.

rodesac sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis

Sesaxeb xdeba msjeloba arsebobs aseTi cnebebi, SeiZleba mas

formulac davarqvaT. es aris intensifikaciis aucilebloba

da SesaZlebloba. am WrilSi Tu ganvixilavT afxazeTis a/r

soflis meurneobaSi swored, rom arsebobs misi intensifikaciis

aucileblobac da Sesabamisad arsebobs misi SesaZlebloba.

afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis

aucilebloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom afxazeTi Tavisi

klimatiT da sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis movla-moyvanis

mravalferovnebiT dRis wesrigSi dgeba am mcire miwian sakurorto

zonaSi yoveli miwis mtkaveli gamoyenebul iqnas maqsimalurad

efeqturad. ar arsebobs am regionSi soflis meurneobis dargis

raRac meore xarisxovnad warmosaxva aramed saWiroa yoveli iseTi

kulturebisa da dargebis SeTanwyoba, romelic uzrunvelyofs

miwis farTobis erTeulze maqsimaluri mosavlis miRebas da

efeqtur warmoebas anu uzrunvelyofs farTobis erTeulze

maqsimaluri Rirebulebis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas.

rac Seexeba intensifikaciis SesaZleblobas es ukve imas

niSnavs, rom afxazeTis soflis meurneoba amjerad ukve

uzrunvelyofilia muSa xeliT, maT Soris kvalificiuri

muSaxeliT ukve sakmaod momravlda regionSi sasoflo-sameurneo

teqnika maT Soris samelioracio RonisZiebis gansaxircieleblad

saWiro specifikuri teqnika, rac sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis

farTo maStabiT ganviTarebisaTvis, gansxvvavebiT afxazeTis im

teritoriebisa, sadac ZiriTadad sakuroroto zona iyo metadre

ganviTarebuli - gagris (picunda) da sxva sakurorto soflebisa.

101

SoTa xecuriani

da kidev erTi, ram oCamCiris regionSi kerZod sofel oxureis,

aradus, cagerasa da maT mimdebare soflebSi uxvad moipoveba

Termiuli (cxeli) wylebi, romlis aTviseba is-is iyo dawyebuli

iqna 1990-iani wlebis bolos. im xanad mxolod oxureis Tbili

wylebis bazaze mowyobili iqna sasaTbure meurneoba, xolo

paralelurad didi raodenobis WaburRilebi moewyo aradusa da

cageras teritoriaze.

didad samwuxarod aRniSnuli samuSaoebi Sewyvetili iqna

saomari moqmedebebis gamo. es samuSaoebi dRemde SeCerebulia.

102

SoTa xecuriani

VIII. kidev meti codnaa saWiro cxovrebisaTvis

q. TbilisSi sasoflo-sameurneo institutis agronomiuli

fakulteti warCinebiT davamTavre 1953 wlis martis TveSi. es

is droa roca kadrebs - institutdamTavrebulebs saqarTvelos

komunisturi partiis centraluri komiteti anawilebda

praqtikulad.

institutSi warCinebul studentebs rogorc wesi

aspiranturisaTvis amzadebda fakultetebi. Cemi Tanakurseli

gogoTur aRlaZe da me fakultetis warCinebuli studentebi

viyaviT da amdenad fakultetis xelmZRvanelobis wardginebiT

gadawyda, rom Cven orTaves swavla unda gagvegrZelebina

aspiranturaSi. imis gamo, rom mTeli fakultetisaTvis

aspiranturaSi swavlis gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba limitirebuli

iyo Cvens fakultets erTi adgili gamoeyo TbilisSi aspiranturaSi

swavlis gasagrZeleblad, aseve erTi adgili gamoyofili iqna

aspiranturaSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad moskovSi - timiriazevis

saxelobis sasoflo-sameurneo akademiaSi.

ratomRac gogoTur aRlaZem uari ganacxada moskovSi

(aspiranturaSi) swavlis gagrZelebis mizniT da gadawyvita

swavla (aspiranturaSi) gaegrZelebina adgilze - TbilisSi.

me ki SemomTavazes moskovSi swavlis gagrZeleba. Tumca

mamaCemma kategoriuli uari ganacxada ojaxuri siduxWiris gamo.

ase, rom iZlebuli gavxdi swavlis gagrZelebaze uari meTqva.

amdenad ganawilebaSi movxvdi afxazeTSi. Cveni fakultetis

kursdamTavrebulebTan erTad, 19 kursdamTavrebulebi

migvavlines afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis gankargulebaSi.

rodesac afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis partiul

xelmZRvanelobaSi, soflis meurneobis saministros

warmoamdgenlebTan mogviwyves Sexvedra.

am Sexvedraze aRmoCnda mowveuli oCamCiris raionis

103

SoTa xecuriani

xelmZRvanelobis warmomadgenlebi. maT Soris iyo oCamCiris

(tamiSis) II mts-is manqana-traqtorTa sadguris imJamindeli (1953

wels) direqtori batoni aqvsenti marxulia. es is pirovnebaa,

romelic soxumSi subtropikuli meurneobis teqnikumis

direqtoris moadgile gaxldaT maSin, roca me am teqnikumSi

vswavlobdi 1944-1947 wlebSi.

cxadia batoni aqvsenti marxulia sixaruliT Sexvda Cems

damTavrebas (institutic warCinebiT davamtavre iseve, rogorc

teqnikumi) cxadia man, rogorc ityvian, xeli Camavlo da im

dResve wamiyvana samusaod masTan (tamiSis II mts-Si, sadac is im

xanad direqtorad muSaobda). im dResve, gvian saRamos CavediT

ubnis xelmZRvanelad oCamCiris raionis erT-erT zonaSi.

aRniSnuli (IX) qveTavi „kidev meti codnaa saWiro“ gamovyavi

imis gamo, rom sasoflo-sameurneo ganaTleba CemTvis ar aRmoCnda

sakmarisi, radgan droTa ganmavlobaSi Seicvala sistema da

nacvlad administraciul mbrZanebluri sistemisa dRis wesrigSi

dadga sabazro ekonomikuri sistemis mimarTulebiT svla.

me swavlis periodSiac didi swrafva mqonda ekonomikis sakiTxebis

Seswavlisaken. Cemi sadisertacio Temac am mimarTulebiT iyo.

roca sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis sakiTxebis

kvleva avirCie afxazeTis subtropikuli zonis Taviseburebebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, swored aman ganapiroba Cemi swrafva kidev

ufro meti wvdomisa sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis ekonomikis

Taviseburebebis Rrmad Seswavlis mimarTulebiT.

diax, kidev ufro codnaa saWiro axali ekonomikuri sistemis -

sabazro ekonomikis yvela niuansiT Rrmad wvdomis mimarTulebiT.

am mimarTulebiT ara mxolod, ase vTqvaT Teoriulad mxolod

aramed, praqtikulad wvdomis mizniT sadisertacio Temadac me

avirCie afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis

problema, romelzedac zemoT gvqonda saubari. Sesabamisad

pirveli beWvdiTi namuSevaric gamovaqveyne 1999 wels. Tumca

104

SoTa xecuriani

es naSromi mxolod kompiuteruli beWdvis gziT Sevqmeni da

ver moxerxda misi tiraJireba beWdviTi formiT. am naSromis

dasaTaurebac, vfiqrob aqtualuria - „ekonomikisa da biznesis

sakiTxebi“ - ase dasaTaurda igi Cems mier.

„civilizebul sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisaTvis Sesabamisi

infrastruqturis CamoyalibebasTan erTad saWiroa axali

ekonomikuri azrovnebis formireba, rasac garkveuli dro da

Zalisxmeva esaWiroeba“ - aRniSnulia am Sromis Sesaval nawilSi

(gv. 5).

am Sromis gamoqveyneba umetes wilad dakavSirebuli iyo

im periodTan roca me vmuSaobdi saqarTvelos subtropikuli

meurneobis institutis ekonomikisa da marTvis (menejmentis)

fakultetis dekanad da amave saxelwodebis kaTedris gamged.

am naSromSi warmodgenilia iseTi aqtualuri sakiTxebi,

rogoricaa: ekonomikuri Teoriis zogierTi sakiTxi; mewarmeoba

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi; sakuTreba da mewarmeobis formebi;

ekonomikuri meqanizmebi biznesis sferoSi; biznesis makro da

mikro garemo. warmoebis xarjebi da konkurentuli miwodeba;

moxmarebisa da dagrovebis gavlena erovnul warmoebaze;

agraruli urTierToba da agrobiznesi; biznesis marTvis

safuZvlebi; marTvisa da dagegmvis Taviseburebani sabazro

ekonomikis pirobebSi. saxelmwifos roli sabazro ekonomikis

pirobebSi; sabazro ekonomikuri urTierToba da biznesi da sxva.

am Sromis momzadebas win uZRoda is mravalwliani praqtikuli

muSaoba, romelsac vatarebdi afxazeTSi ara mxolod

sadisertacio Sromis CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT mxolod,

aramed afxazeTSi funqcionirebad erT-erT umsxviles sasoflo-

sameurneo sawarmoSi agronomis Tanamdebobidan disertaciis

dacvis Semdeg, amave sawarmoSi mTavar ekonomistis Tanamdebobaze

gadayvanis Semdgom. es is periodi iyo 1960-1970-iani wlebis

periodSi sabazro ekonomikis sistemaze dawyebisa da gadasvlis

105

SoTa xecuriani

periodSi.

am Tanamdebobaze muSaobis periodSi miwveuli viqeni

saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis institutSi sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebis ekonomikisa da organizaciis kaTedraze,

sadac 1968 wlidan muSaoba daviwye jer saaTobriv anazRaurebaze,

Semdeg ki kaTedris asistentis Tanamdebobidan, rogorc ityvian

nabij-nabij mivedi saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis

ekonomikis doqtorisa da sapatio profesoris Tanamdebobamde.

diax, me aRvisrule Cemi survili imiT, rom mainteresebda

ekonomikis sakiTxebi da mqonda didi survili am mimarTulebiT

meswavla Sesabamis specialobaze magram imis gamo, rom raikomidan

gamgzavnes agronomiul fakultetze davagviane ekonomikis

sakiTxebis Rrmad Seswavla. Tumca bolos aspiranturaSi

Caviricxe ekonomikuri profiliT.

ekonomikis sakiTxebze bevri Sromebi gamovaqveyne Tumca,

Sromebis gamocemas fulic sWirdeba da amis gamo ramdenime

Sroma mxolod TanaavtorobiT gamoveci.

samwuxarod, mbrZanebluri mmarTvelobis sistemidan

Tavisufal sabazro ekonomikur sistemaze gadasvlis procesi

didi datvirTvebiT ganxorcielda, romlis uaryofiTi „fesvebi“

dRemde uaryofiTad moqmedebs qveynis ekonomikaze.

ekonomika TavisTavad urTulesi movlenaa, mas Tavisi

mkacri kanonebi gaaCnia. ekonomika ver itans „gaumaZRrobas“,

fufunebisaken swrafvas, mflangvelobas. qarTvelebs saukunovani

tradiciebi aqvs, romlis SenarCuneba marto ar aris sakmarisi, igi

adaptirebas moiTxovs arsebuli viTarebisadmi. radgan arsebobs

zRvari am zRvaridan gasvla did dafiqrebas moiTxovs. vTqvaT

stumarTmoyvareoba garkveuli zomierebis farglebSi didebuli

ram aris, magram igi uSualod Sromis Sedegis marTlzomierad

gamoyenebasac xom gulisxmobs? xelgaSlilobas zRvari unda

daedos. maSin, roca bevri adamiani, maT Soris bavSvi SimSilobs.

106

SoTa xecuriani

daapure aseTi adamianebi - cxadia sizarmaces ar unda miaCvio

adamiani, igi Sromis fasad unda cxovrobdes da ara mamaZaRlobisa

da TaRliTobis fasad.

kapitalizmi adamianis unarebze da Sromis moyvareobazea

dafuZnebuli Tumca, rogorc Cans adamianis fantazias zRvari

ar aqvs. xom gagigoniaT uZRebi Svilis ambavi? diax, msoflios

maStabiT TandTanobiT ileva resursebi, moTxovnileba ki

mudmivad mzardia ai es aris gasaTvaliswinebli gavixsenoT

Tundac e.w. privatizacia, romelsac rusuli „prixvatizacia“

Caenacvla. modiT gavarCioT zereled mainc, rogor ganxorcielda

privatizacia qveyanaSi.

vin Caigdo xelSi qveynis qoneba da sxvadasxva saxis simdidreebi?

vin da imdroindelma, TavisTavad korumpirebulma klanebma.

simbolur fasad (erT larad) rom „daiTries“ uzarmazari

qoneba, maT Soris miwebi, teqnika, fabrika-qarxnis teqnologia-

danadgarebi da a.S. bevri ram jarTad aqcies daWres, daxerxes da

qveynis gareT gazides da a.S. da a.S.

saTib-saZovrebi sanadiro da sanadimo e.w. „saqeifo“

adgilebadac rom aqcies, marazmi rom daamkvidres sakurorto

zolebsa da tye-parkebSi.

qveynis SigniT rom ver „daetien“ ofSorul zonebSi gaitanes,

„gaaformes“ da a.S.

yvelaferi xom Sromis fasad unda miiRos adamianma da ara

„muqTad“ vis rogor SeeZlo ise „daiTria“ xalxis SromiT Seqmnili

faseulobebi.

gavixsenoT Tundac sakurorto zonebSi rogor daitaces

dgam-aveji da sxva qonebani.

afxazeTis ambebs Tu gavixsenebT maxsovs kargad, roca mTidan

Cagvasaxles maSin komunisti emisrebi mosaxleobas arwmunebdnen,

rom afxazeTSi bevria Tavisufali miwebi da Sromaa saWiro

mxolod da, male Zlier ojaxs SeqmniTo. Tumca mxolod 0,25 ha

107

SoTa xecuriani

gamouyves TiToeul ojaxs miuxedavad suladobisa. maSin, roca

adgilobriv mosaxleobas gauzomavad hqondaT Semofargluli

tye da mindori. Semoragul ezoSi „Citic ver Sefrindeboda“,

ehei - Seuyvirebda „miwis patroni“.

mTidan Camosaxlebuli faqtiurad umiwod darCenili glexoba

ginda ar ginda mieqirava miwian ojaxebs da „muqTad“, mxolod

Calis fasad amuSavebda, zamTris marags ki Tavad moixmarda

„miwis mesakuTre“. tradiciulad vin gaubedavda feodals „xeliT

Sexebas“?

diax, saidanRac movidnen „gadamTielebi“ da moedvnen

adgillobriv tyeebsa da Waobebs. malaria ki daamarcxes, magram

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba xom „Seaviwroves“? kolmeurneobebma

masiurad daiwyes Caisa da sxva subtropikuli kulturebis

daCqarebuli tempiT gaSeneba-movla patronoba. cxadia am etapze

patroni saxelmwifo xdeboda, magram brali adgilobrivisaTvis

mxolod imas edeboda, vinc miwas amuSavebda meurneobebi Seiqmna,

kolmeurneobebic momravlda da a.S.

diax, diax, amdagvarad „Seaviwroves“ adgilobrivebi. vin?

saxelmwifom ra Tqma unda magram, saxelmwifo am SemTxvevaSi

avaldebulebda axalbedas aeTvisebina jer „Tavisufali“ miwebi,

Semdeg ki „Semoragul“ - didi teritoriis aTviseba gaxda saWiro.

ase amgvarad, adgilobrivTa miwebis xarjze daiwyo

sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoTa mier „frTebis gaSla“ gaCnda

bevri sabWoTa meurneobebi, aseve sameurneobaTaSoriso Tu

sakolmeurneobaTaSoriso sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoebi.

Seiqmna samelioracio da sxva saxis miwis aTvisebisaTvis

saWiro organizaciebi. „Seuties“ da aiTvises yvela Tavisufali

miwebi.

maxsovs, Tbilisidan Camovidnen cekas emisrebi da rom naxes

CamosaxlebulTa mcire miwianoba, maT gaudides sakarmidamoebi

da rac mTavaria gadasces miwebi axal-axali plantaciebis, baR-

108

SoTa xecuriani

venaxebis gasaSeneblad.

maxsovs Casaxlebul sofel cageras kolmeurneobas somxuri

soflis (labris) kolmeurneobis nawili miwebi gadasces. diax,

kolmeurneobebis miwaTsargeblobas awesrigebda mtavroba.

diax, es yvelaferi gaxda safuZveli Casaxlebuli da

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis davis sagani.

ramdenic ar unda idavos adaminma, ganviTareba Tavisi gziT

midis ise, rom dedamiwis teritoria ar izrdeba Tu ar mcirdeba,

adamianis modgma izrdeba da izrdeba, gacilebiT maRali tempiT

izrdeba adamianTa moTxovnilebebi. sad veZeboT gamosavali?!

lokalurad saWiroa sasoflo-sameurneo da saerTod yvela

saxis warmoebis intensifikacia. globalurad ki adamianTa

modgmisaTvis, albaT erT dros, sWiro gaxdeba sadRac sxva

planetis moZiebac ki. es Teoriulad, Tumca praqtikulad Cndeba

problema, romlis gadaWra civilizaciam unda moaxerxos da a.S.

da a.S.

gavixseneb aseT momentsac: afxazeTSi viTareba daiZaba. me

vcdilobdi raRac meRona, rom „cageras“ da „cxeniswyals“,

qarTuli da afxazuri mosaxleoba ar dapirispireboda erTmaneTs,

magram vai, rom veraferi gamomivida.

„cxeniswylis“ skolasTan Sevxvdi afxaz mosaxleobas. aq dgas

oCamCiridan movlenili specialisti da, rogorc davelaprake

xeli gaiSvira cageras simindis yanebisaken. is miwebi erT

dros adgilobrivi mosaxleobis iyo da unda daubrundes

adgilobrivebso - aRniSna man.

roca dava Seiqmna Cvens Soris iqve mdgomi afxazi qali

movida da ambobs, ufro sworad eubneba afxazi erovnebis

modave specialists:“uyuw vara uyuw, xaSarop, xaSarop“-o. me

afxazuri cota ki vici, magram ufro kargad rom gamego maTi

saubari - megrulad daiwyo am qalma:“aq es Cveni simindis yanebi

ver dagvicavs Rorebisa da pirutyvisagan da cagerlebis yanebi

109

SoTa xecuriani

naxe rogori movlili aris da icaven kidec!“-Tqva adgilobrivma

qalbatonma.

diax, es magaliTi namdvilad gakveTilia. xalxuri naTqvamisa

ar iyos „ZaRli Tivaze iwva da Zroxas ar anebebda Tivis Wamaso“

- ai aseTia adamianis buneba.

ra aris saWiro?

warmoebis intensifikacia, uxvi mosavlis warmoeba, orjer

wlis ganmavlobaSi da metjerad unda mogvyavdes mosavali da a.S.

diax, ase gaCnda maSin Cemi idea afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo

wamorebis intensifikaciis Sesaxeb. Tumca am problemis bolomde

mogvareba aravis dagvcalda.

agvijanydnen Tu agvijanyes afxazebi da uaRresad

keTilmezobluri urTierToba Cveni dairRva im doneze, rom

erTmaneTs sisxli vadineT da bolos gamogvdevnes kidec da

dagvatovebines Cveni naloliavebi sacxovrisi.

gamaxsenda kidev erTi ram da ar SemiZlia ar vTqva:

kargad cnobili pirovneba, romelic ganagebda ara mxolod

oCamCiris teritorias, ufro metsac, wvdeboda afxazeTSi.

Tumca airia qveyana da, am kacma dakarga Tavisi samflobelo.

omi mZvinvarebda afxazeTSi. jer sada varT ar viciT ra moxdeba.

ai is tipi, romelic erT dros azanzarebda yvelafers, brdRvnida

yvelafers, Rrialebda kidec, diqtatorobda da a.S. da, amas

ras vxedav - ager Semxvda pirispir velosipediT midioda, xelSi

vedro eWira, romelSiac kartofili eyara, sakmaod wvrili

nayofebi - albaT narCeni raRac, naxevari vedro kartofiliT.

sad midixar - veubnebi - euxerxula Zalian, magram mainc ikadra

da Camodga velosipediT Cems win. vicnobdi da micnobda da mainc

vkiTxe: saiT gagiwevia-meTqi. axlos - RaliZgis gaRmiT patara

miwis nakveTi maqvs, kartofili unda davrgoo - brZana, ilorSic

gamouyenebli miwebi bevri ariso - Tqva.

iciT ra?! namdvilad cudad gavxdi, guli metkina - warmovidgine,

110

SoTa xecuriani

rom aravin icis vis ra moelis am duniaze. ver getyviT moaswro

Tu ara kartofilis dargva - male davtoveT mTeli afxazeTi,

maT Soris oCamCire. galic gamoviareT da sruliad davSordiT

afxazebs.

met-naklebad bolos mainc yvela qmedeba, gind saubari,

ekonomikamde midis. amjerad sakmaod vrceli amonaridi minda

movitano wignidan (broSuridan) „miwa - erovnuli simdidre“

es patara, magram sakmaod tevadi broSura - ar davaknineb igi

marTlac, rom wignia - saxelmZRvanelo.

misi avtoria akademikosi omar qeSelaSvili, Cemi yofili

Tanakurseli, mama misi ki erT-erTi Zlieri (siZliereSi)amjerad

codna igulisxmeba

profesori iyo saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi.

ai ras wers ekonomikaze misi avtori akademikosi omar

qeSelaSvili (gv.8):

„ekonomika Zalze rTuli sistemaa. bevrs hgonia, rom kargad

icis da kargadac aris dauflebuli mis niuansebSi, magram amaSi

bevri tyuvdeba. ekonomika macduricaa, bevri labirinTi gaaCnia

da mas bevrisTvis Tav-gzac aubnevia. zogjer yofila iseTi

SemTxvevebic, roca ama Tu im pirovnebas, garkveul biznesur

garemoSi da misTvis bolomde amouxsnel xelSemwyob situaciaSi,

bevri fuli daugrovebia da aRtacebas miscemia - kargad gavuge,

vici ekonomika da aseT Sedegebs mivaRwie. am aRtacebam, aseT

kacs isic SeiZleba aTqmevinos: ekonomistma mecnierebma ra ician,

ai, me vici ekonomika, me momismineT da Cemi naTqvami SeasruleTo.

magram, isic xom WeSmaritebaa, rom did sixaruls xSirad cremlebi

mohyveba xolme, maTac, Tavyelyela da Tavis Tavze Seyvarebul

milionerebsac dastydomiaT Tavze gangaSi da sxvisi xelis

Semyureni gamxdaran. anda, TviTmkvlelobiT dausrulebiaT

sicocxle. morali - fulis Sovna sulac ar niSnavs ekonomikis

codnas“.

111

SoTa xecuriani

diax, asea swored.

da saWiroa meti dafiqreba, yvela dro Tavisebur adaptirebas

moiTxovs.

asea es...

112

SoTa xecuriani

IX. warmoebis adaptireba sabazro ekonomikis

pirobebSi

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, garda obieqturi ekonomikuri

kanonebis gaTvaliswinebisa, dRis wesrigSi dgeba ekologiuri

moTxovnebis aucilebloba rogorc wesi, bunebis kanonebis

darRvevis negatiuri gavlena SedarebiT ufro gvian iCens Tavs da

rac mTavaria bunebis mxridan aseTi darRvevisaTvis „SurisZieba“

xSirad Seuqcevadia.

warmoebis procesSi ekonomikuri efeqtebis gamovlena

SedarebiT swrafad xdeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mewarme am

sferoSi ar daabandebs sakuTar saxsrebs. maSin roca bevri

mewarme, Tvlis ra Tavis ZiriTad amocanad maqsimaluri mogebis

miRebas, „Tvals xuWavs “ ekonomikuri, socialuri da rig sxva

moTxovnilebebis Sesrulebaze.

zogierTi negatiuri procesi bunebis sferoSi saukuneebis,

zogjerac aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba. sakmarisia

gavixsenoT afrikis kontinentisaTvis gaudabnoebis procesi.

teqnikuri procesis sirTuleebis gamo, negatiuri movlenebi,

Tanamedrove pirobebSi Cqari tempiT viTardeba da adamianis

saqmianobasa da mis Sedegebs Soris drois anabeWdi ekonomikasa

da ekologiaSi sruliad gansxvavebulad da sxvadasxva maStabiT

gamoixateba. aqedan gamomdinare, ekonomikuri xasiaTis

gadawyvetilebebi guldasmiT gaazrebuli da mecnierulad

dasabuTebuli unda iyos.

gansakuTrebuli viTarebaa qveynis ekonomikis iseT dargSi

rogoricaa agraruli ekonomika - soflis meurneoba upirveles

yovlisa. amitom am dargis ganviTareba met gonivrulobas

moiTxovs anu adapturi ekonomika, ara wuTier sargeblianobas

gulisxmobs, aramed igi unda ganviTardes ekologiuri faqtorebis

prioritetuli dacvis pirobebSi.

113

SoTa xecuriani

es sakiTxi kidev ufro mwvavdeba Tanamedrove teqnologiebis

gamoyenebis pirobebSi.

sabazro ekonomikis damkvidrebis sawyis etapze (rogorc

Cvens qveyanaSia), maRali finansuri Sedegebis miReba xSirad

(umeteswilad) bunebrivi garemos gauaresebis xarjze xdeba.

samwuxarod aseTi magaliTebi arc Tu ise mcirea Cveni qveynis

pirobebSiac.

gawonasworebuli bazris pirobebSi aseTi gadaxrebi SesaZloa

acilebul iqnas Tavidan.

ukanasknel aTwleulSi, iqneb ocwleulSiac ki, mecnierul-

teqnikuri progresis pirobebSi adgili aqvs qimiuri industriis

ganviTarebas, ramac ganapiroba negatiuri movlenebis ganviTareba.

kerZod dazianda niadagis struqtura da tradiciuli

landSaftebi, globaluri xasiaTi miiRo kvebis produqtebis

xarisxis gauaresebam. aranaklebi sifrTxile aris saWiro

intensiuri mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis drosac, rac Tavis

mxriv xels uwyobs garemos gaWuWyianebas da aqedan gamomdinare

negatiuri movlenebis ganviTarebas.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, Tavs uflebas mivcem

da amjeradac warmovaCen Cems mosazrebebs sabazro ekonomikis

pirobebisadmi adaptirebis mizniT afxazeTis agraruli sferos

ganviTarebis, konceptualur mimarTulebis ZiriTad momentebze.

minda isic avRniSno, rom amdagvar sakiTxebze bevri sagazeTo

statiebi mqonda gamoqveynebuli (100-ze meti vrceli statiebi)

gazeT „sabWoTa afxazeTSi“, romelic Sesabamisad iTargmneboda

da qveyndeboda gazeT „sovetskaia abxaziaSi“ da „afsni-yofSis“

gverdebze e.w. „sardafis“ gverdis saxiT.

samwuxarod am statiebidan arc erTi aRar SemomrCa igi Cem

pirad arqivTan da sxva - wlebis ganmavlobaSi naSeneb-naloliaveb

sikeTeebTan erTad daikarga afxazeTSi datrialebuli tragediis

gamo mxolod erTi qolgis amara da binis gasaRebebiT, gavedi

114

SoTa xecuriani

ris vai-vaglaxiT ukrainuli gemiT baTumSi da iq davideT „bina“

sastumro „mesxeTSi“. amis Sesaxeb ukve avRniSne wina TavebSi.

diax, faqtiurad afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis

intensifikaciis gziT ganviTarebis mizniT ZiriTadad moxazuli

mqonda dargis, kerZod agraruli ekonomikis reorganizaciis

sakiTxi axal, sabazro ekonomikuri garemosadmi adaptirebis

mimarTulebebis TvalsazrisiT.

cnobilia, rom agraruli ekonomikis reorganizacia metad

rTuli da xangrZlivi procesia, rac unda ganxorcieldes (aseTi

iyo monaxazi) mecnierul safuZvelze, rac Tavidan aacilebs

regionis farglebSi Secdomebisa da araefeqturi RonisZebebis

ganxorcielebas rac sakmaod iyo daSvebuli erTiani sabWouri

wyobilebis pirobebSi. am periodSi afxazeTis subtropikuli zona

CarTuli iyo sabWoeTis moTxovnilebaTa Sesabamisad erTiani

Savi zRvispireTis zonis amocanebis gaTvaliswinebis fonze. igi

gulisxmobda subtropipkuli da gnebavT samxreTuli produqciis

warmoebis maStabebis misadagebas sabWoeTis moTxovnilebebis

maqsimalurad dakmayofilebaze da naklebad iTvaliswinebda

adgilobrivi sakurorto da mkvidri mosaxleobis interesebsa

da tradiciebs. am viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT Cvens mier

saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis institutis ekonomikis

kaTedris bazaze SemuSavebuli iqna afxazeTis agraruli sferos

reorganizaciis koncefcia, romelic iTvaliswinebda samecniero-

kvleviTi samuSaoebis ganxorcielebas Semdegi mimarTulebiT:

SeniSvna-vidre am koncefciaze mivaniSnebde, avRniSnav imasac,

rom fragmentulad davamuSaveT am koncefciis mniSvnelovani

elementi, romelic waredgina afxazeTis imJamindeli avtonomiuri

respublikis xelmZRvanelobas, romelic mowonebuli iqna

afxazeTis partiul - sameurneo xelmZRvanelobaSi imJamindeli

partiuli xelmZRvanelobis pirveli piris - boris adleibas

mier. samwuxarod Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamo, romelic

115

SoTa xecuriani

Seiqmna maSin, am RonisZiebas ganxorcieleba ar ewera da darCa

„qaRaldze“ Cems samuSao magidaze subtropikuli meurneobis

institutis ekonomikis kaTedraze. diax, ase dasrulda igi.

amjerad, gavakeTeb SedarebiT mokle (ZiriTad) monaxazs am

koncefciis Sesaxeb.

kerZod koncefcias safuZlad daedo Semdegi mimarTulebani:

1. materialuri dovlaTis warmoebis;

2. socialuri problemis;

3. ekonomikisaTvis xelsayreli makro da mikro garemos

Seqmnis;

4. ekonomikis reorganizaciis mimarTulebiT.

Sesabamisad, materialuri warmoebis problema unda moicavdes

qveynis regionebis, calkeuli zonebis (mTiani, mTiswineTis, Savi

zRvis zolis da a.S.) mixedviT iseTi sakiTxebis Seswavla-analizs

da Sesabamisi RonisZebebis dasaxvas, rogoricaa:

a) sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis (mTlianad miwebis)

aRricxva da kategoriebis dadgena-kadartri, inventarizacia da

a.S.

b) sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebisa da dargebis ganlagebis

arealis dazustebas, Tu saWiroa Seworeba-dazustebas da a.S.

g) tradiciuli da bazris moTxovnilebaTa prognozirebis

safuZvelze, axali dargebis ganviTarebis perspeqtivis

gansazRvra;

d) axali teqnikisa da teqnologiis gansazRvra. aRniSnuli

da sxva RonisZiebebis Sesabamisad unda Sedges miznobrivi

programebi (calkeuli sakiTxebis mixedviT, biznes gegmis doneze

da am monacemebis safuZvelze unda Sedges da Sejerdes mravali

varianti, g) optimaluri variantis dasadgenad socialuri

problemebis koncefcia unda moicavdes mosaxleobis SromiTi

dasaqmebis aqtualur sakiTxebs, Sromis nayofierebis zrdis

prognozirebis kvalobaze).

116

SoTa xecuriani

d) ekonomikis funqcionirebisaTvis makro da mikrogaremos

Seqmnis problema mWidrod unda ukavSirdebodes ekonomikuri

garemos cvalebadobis sakiTxebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

unda daeTmos ekonomikuri garemos srulyofis xelSemwyobi

faqtorebis gamovlenas, Sesabamisad, saWiro sakanonmdeblo

bazris Seqmnis mizniT saWiro meqanizmebis SemuSavebas.

e) da bolos, ekonomikuri reorganizaciis problemam unda

moicvas sakuTrebiTi formis - kerZo sakuTrebis prioritetis

pirobebSi Sesabamisad axali sawarmoebi (mcire da saSualo

biznesis formis) organizaciuli safuZvlebis Camoyalibebas.

agraruli sferos ganviTarebis prioritetuli problema unda

gaxdes ekologiurad sufTa produqciis warmoeba da moxmareba.

qveynis prioriteti unda gaxdes import-esqportis efeqturi

SeTanwyobis problema. aqcenti aRebuli unda iqnas importis

Semcireba da eqsportis upiratesi ganviTareba da a.S.

qveynis ekonomikis, misi regionis mixedviT saWiroa sistemuri,

kompleqsuri midgoma da bazris koniunqturis Sesabamisad

dargebis adaptirebis RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba.

mTlianad am gzaze mniSvnelovania warmoebis - mrewvelobisa

da agraruli sferos dargebis reabilitacia, mosaxleobis

dasaqmebis, socialuri dacvis, Semosavlebis samarTliani

ganawilebis, efeqturi meTodebisa da sistemebis SemuSaveba da

rac mTavaria praqtikuli realizaciis gegmis Sedgena.

makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis gaumjobesebis fonze

mikroekonomikuri stimulirebis, sainvesticio resursebis

gafarToebis, sakuTrebis urTierTobis srulyofis RonisZiebebis

ganxorcieleba safuZveli unda gaxdes mewarmeobis (mcire da

saSualo biznesis) e.w. „saSualo fenis“ CamoyalibebisaTvis.

kategoriulad unda aRikveTos e.w. saSualos aRkveTa da a.S.

mTavaria suverenuli qveynebis rigSi msoflios ekonomikur

sivrceSi Rirseuli adgilis damkvidreba da import-eqsportis

117

SoTa xecuriani

efeqturi balansireba.

problema ra? rogor? da visTvis? - warmatebulad da

kompleqsurad gadaWra mxolod axleburi ekonomikuri

azrovnebiTaa SesaZlebeli. igi Tanamedrove mecnierul-

teqnikuri miRwevebis kompiuteruli gaTvlebis safuZvelzea

SesaZlebeli.

118

SoTa xecuriani

X. zogi ram Cemi sadeputato saqmianobis Sesaxeb

(ZiriTadi momentebi)

am sakiTxis am adgilze CarTva cota naadrevia Tumca amjerad

movlenebs gavaswreb da am sakiTxis aqtualobis gamo am konteqstSi

„Cavtev“.

TbilisSi sasoflo-sameurneo (agronomia) fakultetidan

warCinebiT davamTavreT me da gogoTur aRlaZem. aRlaZe Svilia

aRniSnuli institutis erT-erTi kaTedrisa gamgisa da igi

sakmaod cnobadi pirovneba iyo im dros.

me ki glexis Svili tols ar vudebdi mis Svils, Tumca roca

saxelmwifo komisisam gadawyvetileba miiRo orTave gagvamweses

aspiranturaSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad: aRlaZe gogoTuri

moskovSi mivlinebisaTvis gaamweses me ki - TbilisSi.

Tumca aRlaZem uari ganacxada moskovSi swavlis gagrZelebaze

da moiTxova TbilisSi darCena. cxadia misi Txovna daakmayofiles

da darCa kaTedraze aspirantis rangiT. man cxadia daamTavra

aspirantura, aspiranti gaxda saboloo jamSi profesor-

akademikosi. igi wlebis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda

zooveterinalur instituts da a.S.

me?! me ki mimavlines ganawilebiT afxazeTSi sadac gamamweses

oCamCiris „mts-Si“ da Semdeg sxvadasxva kolmeurneobebSi

sxvadasxva dros vmuSaobdi specialobis mixedviT (agronomis

TanamdebobiT).

Sevqmeni ojaxi da sxvaTaSoris meuRlis daJinebuli TxovniT

swavla gavagrZele aspiranturaSi q. TbilisSi sasoflo-sameurneo

akdemiaSi. aqac didi konkursiT gavimarjve da gavxdi aspiranti.

Tumca es procesi aRiniSneboda didi winaaRmdegobiT. kerZod

konkursSi CemTan CarTuli aRmoCnda pirovneba, romelic amjerad

meorejer gadioda gamocdebze da mas mxars uWerda partiis ck-s

warmoamdgenloba.

119

SoTa xecuriani

saqme Cemi SantaJirebiT aRiniSna. minda gavixseno aseTi ram,

roca maSantaJebdnen SemTxveviT gamocdebis dros Sevxvdi Cems

Tanasoflels afxazeTidan-cageradan didim nikolaZes, romelic

kvalifikaciis kursebze swavlobda im dros da Sevxvdi mas vakeSi,

studqalaqSi. roca vuTxari mas, rom vapirebdi gamocdebis

mitovebas (SantaJis gamo) man gamamxneva da daeswro kidec

gamocdebis process (cxadia garedan Semyures rolSi).

erTi sityviT gavimarjve da gavxdi aspiranti saqarTvelos

miwaTmoqmedebis samecniero-kvleviT institutSi, romelic

mdebareobda saguramoSi, sadac mcxeTidan (matareblidan) fexiT

gadavdiodi, saguramoSi.

erTi sityviT davamTavre aspirantura da davicavi disertacia

Temaze: afxazeTis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis intensifikaciis

problemebze.

Temis damuSavebis dros rogorc ityvian detalurad

Seviswavle afxazeTis a/r soflis meurneobis intensifikaciis

problemebi.

Temis damuSavebis dros davdiodi afxazeTis soflebSi

zogjer fexiT, cxeniT, velosipediT da bolos avtobusiT da a.S.

disertaciis dacvis Semdeg vmuSaobdi oCamCiris raionis

did kolmeurneobaSi sofel koCaraSi, amjerad ukve mTavar

ekonomistad.

sabolood mimiwvies saqarTvelos subtropikuli meurneobis

institutSi (q. soxumSi) asistentis, Semdgom maswavleblis,

docentis, profesoris da a.S. TanamimdevrobiT miviwevdi win.

am periodSi gaCnda SesaZlebloba monawileoba mimeRo

konkursSi saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevnebSi zviad

gamsaxurdias prezidentobis periodSi.

mokled avRniSnav, rom zviad gamsaxurdia am arCevnebSi koCaris

#24 saarCevno olqSi rekomendacias aZlevda Cems konkurents da

ganacxada kidec, rom xma miecaT im kandidaturisaTvis, romelsac

120

SoTa xecuriani

igi emxroboda. me mainc gavimarjve arCevnebSi. Tumca arCevnebis

wina dRes CemTan RamiT ori „moskviCis“ markis manqaniT movidnen

SeiaraRebuli axalgazrdebi, romlebmac maiZules xmebi dameTmo

kostavas sazogadoebis wevrisTvis. sxvaTaSoris Cemi kolegebisa

da megobrebis SvilisaTvis. mokled vityvi, rom me iZulebuli

gavxdi dameTmo da moxda ise, rom im axalgazrdam romelsac me

davuTme (detalebs aRar vexebi) gaxda ra saqarTvelos umaRlesi

sabWos deputati, xeli moawera saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

aqts da a.S.

miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli arCevnebiT Seqmnili

sadeputato koleqtivi metad mokle xniT aRmoCnda arenaze, es

CemTvis dRemde mouSuSebel tkivilad darCa Cems istoriaSi.

afsus, ra ulmobelia cxovreba?!...

SemdgomSi Cemi soflis (cageras) axalgazrdebis daJinebuli

moTxovniT, maT Soris aqtiurobda iuri zarqua, roman xecuriani

da abesalom kopaliani, me miviRe monawileoba afxazeTis a/r

umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebSi da gavxdi afxazeTis a/r umaRlesi

sabWos depuatati 1991 wlis 31 dekembers.

afxazeTis a/r arCevnebi Catarda winaswar dadgenili

kompromisuli SeTanxmebis mixedviT qvotirebis mixedviT: 28-26-

11 anu miuxedavad a/r mosaxleobis erovnuli Semadgenlobisa

qarTvelebi mosaxleobis naxevarze cota meti iyo. 28 deputati

airCeoda afxazi mosaxleobidan, 26 - deputati qarTveli da

danarCeni erovnebisani - 11 deputati.

anu raodenobis mixedviT qarTveli depuatatebi umciresobas

warmoadgenda da Tumca maRali rangis moxeleTa SerCevis dros

arsebobda garkveuli SeTanxmebebis pirobebi Tumca, aseTi

SeTanxmeba Tavidanve iqna darRveuli. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom

sxvdasxva erovnebis deputatisagan (11) TiTqmis yvelani maleve

aRmoCndnen afxaz deputatTa mxares.

arCeul qarTveli depuatatebis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen

121

SoTa xecuriani

komunistebi, maT Soris raikomis yofili mdivnebi, raiaRmaskomis

Tavmjdomare, rigiTi komunistebi aseve zviad gamsaxurdias

momxreebi (e.w. zviadistebi) da a.S. anu Tavidanve ar arsebobda

maT Soris principul sakiTxebze erTsulovneba da a.S. ramac

Tavi mwvaved iCina Cvens saqmianobaSi.

Seqmnil viTarebaSi me avirCie erTaderTi swori gza (Cemi

azriT) anu daviwye sadeputato saqmianoba damoukidebeli

deputatis formiT.

praqtikulad sadeputato saqmianobis didi gamocdileba

ar gamaCnda Tu, mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT im mcireoden

gamocdilebas, romelic gamaCnda oCamCiris raionis aradus

sasoflo sabWos deputatobis dros. am rangis deputatad

amirCies Tumca, am periodSi sasoflo-sabWos deputatebis

funqcia praqtikulad ganisazRvreboda glexobidan saxelmwifos

mier dadgenili gadasaxadebis akrefiT maT Soris, gvavalebdnen

glexobidan sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis sxaelmwifoze

Cabarebis gawerili moculobiT akrefa-Cabarebas. es iyo da es

ZiriTadi sadeputato saqmianoba.

afxazeTis a/r umaRlesi sabWoSi deputatad amirCia oCamCiris

raionis samma qarTulma da erTma afxazurma sofelma, eseni iyo:

aradu, cagera, koCara da afxazuri sofeli - „cxeniswyali“ 80-mde

komli, 411 amomrCevliT, romelTaganac mxolod 11 amomrCevelma

momca xma, danarCenma 400 amomrCevelma xma misca Cems konkurents

koCarel qarTvel axalgazrdas, mxolod im sababiT, rom igi

pedagogi gaxldaT afxazuri universitetisa, sadac igi leqciebs

ukiTxavda axalgazrdebs - afxazebs, maT Soris „cxeniswyalel“

studentebs turavas, gogonas da sxvebs. ase, rom amaSi ucnauri

araferia es mkacri arCevani gaxldaT miuxedavad imisa, rom me

wlebis ganmavlobaSi vmuSaobdi, rogorc soflis meurneobis

specialisti cxeniswylis kolmeurneobaSi.

maS ase, gavxdi ra afxazeTis a/r umaRlesi sabWos deputati

122

SoTa xecuriani

praqtikulad afxazeTis umaRles sabWoSi rigiT meore sesiaze

(fraqciebisa da sxva sadeputato erTeulebis dakompleqtebis

(fraqciebis da a.S.) Semdeg wilad mxvda, sxvaTaSoris Cveni

sadeputato lideris afxazeTis a/r umaRlesi sabWos

Tavmjdomaris (vladislav arZinbas) moadgilis - deputat Tamaz

nadareiSvilis miTiTebiT, sityviT gamosvla.

rogorc wesad iqna dadgenili, winaswar dabeWdili gamosvlis

teqstis mowodebiT warvdeqi sesiis winaSe, rogorc ityvian 1,5

gverdis moculobis sityva rom CavikiTxe, „Spargalka“ gverdze

gadavde da daviwye gamosvla Cemi survilis Sesabamisad. es qmedeba,

rogorc Cans auditoriam, ZiriTadad afxazurma deputaciam

raRac reglamentis darRvevad miiCnia, Tu ra moxda ver getyviT

xmauriT, ufro sworad SeSmuSnebiT - raRac gadalaparakebebiT

gamoxates TavianTi protesti. me maSin taqtikuri svla ganvaviTare

da afxazurad warmovTqvi - „xaSarop“ meTqi. „xaSarop!“, rodesac

ufrosi asakis pirovneba saubrobs afxazuri eTikis mixedviT,

moTminebiT usmenen meTqi. ase vTqvi da vladislav arZinba fexze

wamodga da afxazurad Seaxsena afxaz deputatebs tradiciis

darRveva da aRniSna, rom xecuriani asakiT yvela CvenTaganze

ufrosia, Semdeg ki ozgania rigSi asakiT da usmineT aseT

depuatatebs - dauyvavaT. es ise, SegonebisaTvis.

Cems gamosvlaSi pirdapir mivmarTe arZinbas, rom Tqven

grigolis Ze xarT, mec grigolis Ze var-meTqi da es momentic

minda Cveni urTierTobis dadebiT sawyisad miviCniomeTqi da a.S.

raRac dadebiTi epiTetebiT mivmarTe: Tqven batono vladislav

gsurT afxazebis gmiri gaxdeTmeTqi, me ki visurvebdi Tqven

orgzis gmiri gamxdariyaviT, anu afxazebis prezidenti ki ara,

afxazeTis prezidenti unda iyoT-meTqi, radganac mosaxleobis

naxevarze cotaTi meti qarTvelebi cxovorben meTqi. afxazuri

tradiciiT asakovaniqalbatonebi marjvena xelis specifikuri

(vTqvaT afxazuri ritualiT) „uxackiscait“ mogmarTaven, xolo

123

SoTa xecuriani

igive ritualis msgavsad, qarTveli asakovani qalbatonebi ki

„Sen Semogevle Svilo“ ase mogmarTaven-meTqi da a.S. erTgvari

moferebiTi mimarTva gamoviyene da gavagrZele saubari, rom

viRvawoT erToblivi ZalisxmeviT Cveni Tvalmargaliti afxazeTis

aRorZinebisaTvis-meTqi da a.S.

vTqvi isic, rom es ra demokratia aris, roca sxdomis darbazSi

marcxniv mxolod afxazi deputatebi da maTi gulSematkivarni

zian, xolo marjvniv ki qarTveli deputatebi meTqi, isic

misaniSnebelia, rom afxazTa mxares avseben is 11 deputati

(rusi da somexi erovnebisani), romlebic ukve Tavidanve Tqven

(afxazebis) rigebs avseben-meTqi isedac, rom meti raodenobiT

arian warmodgenilni vidre afxazeTis mosaxleobis erivnul

Semadgenlobas ar Seesabameba-meTqi da a.S. gana ar aris winaswari

ganwyoba imisaTvis, rom am TaviTve deputaTa erTianobas ki ara

dapirispirebis sababis maCvenebelia-meTqi. sxvaTaSoris Semdgom

sesiaze Cemi es SeniSvna miiRes da naTela akaba diax, (naTela

- xom wminda qarTuli saxelia xom?!) gaiTvaliswines da Cveni

- qarTveli deputatebis rigebSi gadmojdnen, Tumca amjerad

ukve, rogorc ityvian kritikis pirdapir yurSi CaZaxebis niSniT

da dapirispirebis kidev ufro gamwvavebis mcdelobiT iyvnen

ganwyobilni. samwuxarod aseTi niSnis mogebiT daiwyes maT

qarTveli deputatebisadmi arc Tu iSviaTad Seurcxmyofeli

(separatistuli) gamoxdomebi.

minda isic vTqva, rom samwuxarod Cveni qarTveli deputatebi

ratomRac Tavs ikavebdnen, ufro sworad, ar reagirebdnen afxaz

deputatTa aseT qcevaze (detalebze aRarafers vambob arafers).

samwuxaroa isic, rom qarTveli deputatebis zogierTi

warmoamdgeneli, aSkarad Tu kulualurad, met Zalisxmevas

Tanamdebobis dakavebaze xarjavdnen. gansakuTrebiT davis

sagani gaxda afxazeTis a/r ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris da

ministrebis arCevis sakiTxi.

124

SoTa xecuriani

amasobaSi arZinbam dro ixelTa da afxazeTis a/r ministrTa

sabWos Tavmjdomaris kandidatad warmoaCina da kenWic uyares

ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris kandidaturad, sxvaTaSoris

macdurad, qarTveli kacis, Tumca qarTveli deputatebis

umravlesobisaTvis miuRebeli kandidatura. swored es

momenti gaxda qarTvel deputatTa mier protestis niSnad

sesiis datovebis sababi. amdenad demonstraciulad qarTvel

deputaTa mier sesiis datoveba gaxda sababi SemgomSi qarTvel

da afxaz deputatTa dapirispirebisa da saboloo jamSi, Cven

qarTveli deputatebi gavecaleT afxazeTis a/r umaRlesi sabWos

Semadgenlobas da samoqmedo asparezi Semdgomi muSaobisaTvis

gaxda sinopis dasaxlebaSi samTavrobo (yofili) rezidencia.

unda avRniSno, rom Cemi, vTqvaT ase, midgoma arZinbasa da

saerTod afxaz deputaTa mimarT uyuradRebod ar dautovebiaT

kolegebs (qarTvel deputatebs), romelTaganac gaisma xma, rom me

TiTqos arZinbas veloliavebodi da a.S. ara batonebo! me arZinbas

ar veloliavebodi, me veloliavebodi qarTvelTa da afxazTa

urTierTobas metic, dResac mimaCnia, rom afxazebisaTvis

qarTvelebze ufro axlobeli, gnebavT damTmobi da metic -

mokeTe da keTilis msurveli ar arsebobs msoflioSi. me vfiqrob

arc arZinbaze ar iyo mTlianad damokidebuli misi qceva, aramed

igi gare Zalebis zewolis gavleniTac iyo ganpirobebuli. aseTi

azri maSin gamiCnda, roca arZinbam erT-erTi saubris dros

ganacxada, rom Cven qarTvelebis winaaRmdegi sulac ara varTo,

magram ratom maindamainc Tbilisidan gzavnian afxazeTSi maRal

Tanamdebobebze pirebs, maSin roca afxazeTSiac moiZebneba

Rirseuli qarTvelebi, romlebmac SeiZleba imuSaon maRali

rangiT Tanamdebobaze afxazeTis mTavrobaSio da a.S.

diax! damijereT ase iyo ramdenjerme Tumca, saerTo

mdgomareoba Tavidanve daZabulad warimarTa, rac vfiqrob

metwilad garedan zewolis mizezi iyo metadre.

125

SoTa xecuriani

me swored qarTvelTa da afxazTa keTilmezoblur

urTierTobis Senarcunebas veloliavebodi. Tumca, samwuxarod

gare Zalebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi cdilobdnen afxazeTSi gavlenis

mopovebas. es xom kargad cnobili ambavia.

maS ase: sinopis rezidenciaSi qarTvel deputatTa saqmianobis

periodSi, me piradad araerTxel momiwia sityviT gamosvla da

yovelTvis avRniSnavdi, rom qarTvelTa da afxazTa urTierToba

aris imdenad keTilSobiluri urTierToba, rom misi

SenarCunebisaTvis Zalisxmeva aucielbelia dResac da ase iqneba

momavlSiac. me aseTi mowodebiT gamovedi, roca Tbilisidan

Camovidnen korespondentebi, romelTanac Tamaz nadareiSvilis

davalebiT momixda satelevizio saubari, maSinac miuReblad

CavTvale qarTvelTa da afxazTa dapirispireba metic, erT-

erT Sekrebaze, rodesac ganixileboda afxazeTSi saqarTvelos

xelisuflebis survili SeiaraRebuli gvardiis Semosvlis

Taobaze, me kategoriuli winaaRmdegi gamovedi da saWirod

miviCnie ara tankebis, qvemexebisa da sxva mZime kategoriis iaraRiT

aRWurvili nawilebis Semoyvana aramed saWirod vTvlidi da

avRniSne kidec qarTvel deputatTa da sxva mraval Tanamdebobis

pirTa Sekrebaze, rom SemoviyvanoT mxolod Sinagan saqmeTa

saministros da uSiSroebis kontigenti, romlebic SeZleben

im Zalebis ganeitralebas, romlebic Zarcvavdnen rkinigzis

Semadgenlobebs da aRkveTden maradiorebas.

magram cxadia Cemi mosazreba darCa „RaRadebad Sina“. ufro

metic, aseTi saubris xmamaRlad gancxadebis Semdeg, CemTan movida

sinopSi e.w. „daCaze“ soliduri pirovneba amerikul formaSi

Cacmuli, man gamixmo iqve ezoSi mraval meomarTagan gamijvnis

mizniT da erTi - erTTan (es misi gamonaTqvamia) miTxra, rom „aseTi

Tqveni saubari cxadia, adamianurad misaRebia, magram mimoixede

ramdeni SeiaraRebuli adamianebi arian aq warmodgenili da

Znelia maT elaparako mSvidobianobaze - winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

126

SoTa xecuriani

Tqven SeiZleba aRmoCndeT mZime mdgomareobaSi“ da mirCia, gvian

RamiT im adgilidan gacla.

man gamando Tavisi vinaoba. igi maRali rangis wamormadgeneli

iyo saqarTvelos uSiSroebis samsaxuridan.

merwmuneT rasac vambobb es Cemi gulwrfeli midgomis Sedegi

iyo da, meti araferi.

diax! me dRemde vrCebi im poziciaze, rom qarTvelTa da

afxazTa urTierToba, rogorc ityvian, dRes ara, xval, xval ara

zeg, aucileblad aRdgeba da, ganviTardeba keTilmezobluri

urTierToba. diax! es mxolod drois faqtoria - meTqi.

imaT ki vinc skeptikurad uyurebs am sakiTxs maT gasagonad

vityvi imas, rom ase rom efiqraT Cvens winaprebs arc Tbilisi da

arc kaxeTi (sxva teritoriebze rom araferi vTqvaT), dRes aRar

iqneboda saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi.

am mosazrebas me imaT mimarT, gansakuTrebiT im axalgazrdebis

mimarT vambob, romlebic didad samwuxarod am boben imasac,

rom ori aTeuli da meti weli gavida mas Semdeg rac afxazeTi

iZlebiT datova qarTvelebma, uamravi sisxli daiRvara da a.S.

raRa dros afxazeTSi dabrunebaze saubariao?! ex! aseTi saubari

misaRebia?!... qarTvelebo?! fiqric ki ar unda davuSvaT aseTi?!

gvaxsovdes, rom afxazeTi iseve rogorc samaCablo,

saqarTvelos ganuyofeli nawilia da igi kvlav aseTad gaxdeba

momavalSiac.

diax, diax! aseTia istoriis gakveTili - qarTvelTa da afxazTa

keTilmezobluri urTierToba maradiuli, istoriuli cnebaa

Zvirfaso afxazeTelebo, es mudam unda gvaxsovdes!!!

rac Seexeba am bolo dros ruseTsa da afxazeTs Soris

gaformebul xelSekrulebas, romelic afxazeTis e.w. prezidentis

raul xajimbas xelmoweriT gaformda es, Cemi azriT, droebiTi

movlenaa da erTgvari gaTamaSebaa.

davaneboT yvelafers Tavi da vTqvaT erTi wuTiT, rom

127

SoTa xecuriani

yvelaferi qarTvelebs dabraldes, Tumca ase, ra Tqma unda,

ar aris, es garedan Tavsmoxveuli droebiTi movlenaa, Tumca

yvelaferia SesaZlebeli dro da istoria, droTa ganmavlobaSi

yvelafers Tavis adgils miuCens - me ase vfiqrob.

erTi ki mainc unda iTqvas kerZod, rogor sZinavT afxazebs,

gnebavT rusebsa da yvela imaT vinc amjerad qarTvelTa saxlebsa da

ezo-karSi nebivroben. amboben RmerTi maRal sivrceebSic swvdeba

da aramgonia naarmi sxvisi qoneba, Tundac igi Tavsmoxveuli omis

meSveobiT (sxvisi daxmarebiT aris mopovebuli, maradioruli

gziT) aramc da aramc gemrieli ar iqneba. diax, diax! asea es!!!

Cemi azriT ar iqneba uadgilo Tu, aq Sevitan im saintereso

leqsebs, romelic ekuTvnis Cemi meuRlis biZaSvils (azanTidan)

ilvardi gasvians, romelic amjerad, samwuxarod gardacvlilia.

aRniSnuli leqsebi man eqspromtad dawera Cemi dabadebis 65

wlisTavze, roca am RonisZiebaSi monawile iyvnen Cemi aWareli

megobrebi.

maS ase:

vuZRvni 9 aprils,

akakiseul motivebze

aWara, Cemo aWara

aWara, Cemo aWara,

usayvarleso mxareo!

Cemo lamazo baTumo,

izarde, gaixareo!

sityva „ltolvili“ ar giyvars,

aWara, tkbilo mxareo!

afxazeTidan devnili,

Sen Svilad aRiareo!

lukma gauyav Tanabrad,

128

SoTa xecuriani

da SenTan aziareo!

sawol-sagebi dauTme,

Sen WerqveS Seifareo!

nuravis hqonia aWara!

umtkivneulo mxareo,

rom saqarTvelos bedisTvis,

Sena xar mgloviareo!

dResac bevri gaqvs aWarav!

Sen Seneuli mwareo,

magram mSvidoba xom giyvars,

sul amiT gadafareo!

aWaris keTilmosurnev!

icocxle gaixareo,

da saqarTvelos karibWe,

aSene gaaxareo!

aWara, Cemo aWara!

usayvarleso mxareo,

Cemo lamazo baTumo,

izarde gaixareo!

09.04.95w.

vuZRvni omSi daRupul cagerlebs

cagera, Cemo cagera

cagera, Cemo cagera!

erT dros naqebo xvaviTa,

dRes gvelni Semogxvevian,

tura-mgeli da yvavica!

nabrZoli Seni Svilebi,

129

SoTa xecuriani

Sengan droebiT wavida!

Tumca sul Senze fiqroben,

diliT saRamos RamiTa!

isini dabrundebian!

da sasaflaos morTaven,

SvilTa mSobelTa saZvales,

Tavisi cremliT morwyaven!

nu ggonia rom sul itireben!

da, amiT Tavis mters axareben,

ar daindoben vinc uRirsia,

icode maT ar gaaxareben!

ara mgonia uRirsi iyos,

yvela afxazi, sxva mezobeli!

Tumca arian avis mzaxvelni,

da yvela juriT daundobelni!

diax, vecadoT rom aRar SevcdeT!

zustad SevitanoT Cven Tavis mqnelni,

erTmaneTisagan gamovarCioT

avis mosurne da kargis mqnelni!

cagera, Cemo cagera!

erT dros naqebo xvaviTa,

dRes gvelni Semogxvevian,

tura-mgeli da yvavica!

09.04.95w.

minda aqve mivawero Cemi komentari: es leqsi genialuria

ara rogorc leqsi misi wyobiT, aramed Sinaarsia namdvilad

genialuri. aseTi „masala“ cxadia Sesanaxia da Taobebs unda

gadaeces aucileblad. es Cemi azria, Tumca samwuxarod me veRar

vaswreb Cemive azris realizacias. vxedav amas dRes - didad

samwuxarod.

130

SoTa xecuriani