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NOVEMBER 2014NO. 564

NEWS

ANNOUNCEMENT 32

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CONTENTS

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NEWS

ANNOUNCEMENT The 32nd Space Prize for International

Students of Architectural Design

FEATUREBalancingBetweenExperiments and Systems:

Public Rental Apartment

Article | Trends in Korean Rented Housing and Spatial

Characteristics_ Kang Inho

Project | Seoul Gangnam District A3 BL Housing_

Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop + Choi Moongyu + Ga.A Architects

Project | Shinjeong Urban Village_ PARKiz Architects

Roundtable | The Present Situation and Future Prospects for

Public Rental Housing_ Park Inseok, Park Insoo, Youm Chirlho,

Lee Minah

REPORTExpansion & Conflict, The 13th Docomomo International

Conference Seoul_ Park Gyehyun

PROJECTTHEATRE DE STOEP UNStudio / interview_ Shim Youngkyu

CRITIQUEINNOIZ Office Building ITM Yoo ehwa Architects /

writing_ Kim Eunmi, Laurent Pereira

O+A Building Architects Group RAUM /

writing_ Han Seounguk, Park Sungjin

FRAMEANewChurchArchitecture thatLayers theSecular

with theSpiritual: AtelierKOMA

Essay | From Efficient Development to a Flexible Recovery_

Lee Eunseok

Porject | Osan Church

Porject | Erum Church

Porject | Joyful Church

Dialogue | Building a Buffer Space: Where the City and the

Church Meet_ Lee EunseokYoo Hyunjoon

SERIESThe Critical Biography on the Modern Korean Architecture ver.2:

Politics and Capital Reflecting on Architecture_ Park Kilyong

IMAGINEERTALK Simon Boudvin: Excavating the Materials of Our Times_

Ro Seongja

EXHIBITION His niche_ Cho Man-soo

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Jan Paul M

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Image provided by Gallery Hyundai

Sim

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Publisher & Editor Hwang YongchulAdvisory Committee Peter Cook

Peter Eisenman Isozaki Arata Robert Ivy Oh Kwangsu

Acting Editor-in-ChiefPark Sungjin (modori@spacem.org)Editor Shim Youngkyu (s091@spacem.org)

Jane Misun Shim (jane@spacem.org) Park Gyehyun (gyehyun@spacem.org) Ro Seongja (sj.ro@spacem.org) Yoon Solhee (solhee@spacem.org)

Designer Choi Seungtae (keysersoze@nate.com)Lee Noeul (noeul@spacem.org)

Photographer Yoon Joonhwan (baramm76@hanmail.net) Shin Kyungsub (shinkyungsub@gmail.com) Efran Mndez (info@archframe.net)

English Language Editor Natalie Ferris (nlferris25@ googlemail.com)

Translator Kim Seokwon (seokwon.kim@hotmail.com) Leah Moonyoung Park (leahpark0315@gmail.com) Kwon Taejune (tjunekwon@gmail.com) Bae Sangbeom (petero123@nate.com)

Korean Language Proofreader Ha Myungran (totoami@naver.com)Ad ManagerKim Hanwook (khw@spacem.org)

Kim Jinboo (citizennews@naver.com) Park Sangjun (pj6060@naver.com)

Marketing ManagerHur wan (hurwan0412@hanmail.net) Han Kyunghwa (hanban@spacem.org)

Board of Directors Hwang Yongchul Lee Sangleem

Printing Samsung Moonhwa Printing Co., Ltd.Paper Supplying Dongbang Paper Co., Ltd

49 11 ( 564) 2014 10 25 1966 9 6 803 18,000()CNB 120-830 52-20( 353-109)SPACE magazine, 52-20 Yeonhui-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea 120-830 Tel: 82-2-396-3359 Fax: 82-2-396-7331URL: http://www.spacemagazine.org E-mail: editorial@spacem.org

. .

Contents Copyright2014 All rights reserved by SPACE magazine.

Listed in Thomson Reuters (A&HCI) and Korea Citation Index

Cover: Yoon Joonhwan (front) / Namgoong Sun (back)

4 NEWS

: 2014 Aimlessly Exploring A City: Seoul Architecture Festival 2014

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The Seoul Architecture Festival took place from

Oct. 1 under the theme Sympathy for the

Architecture of the City. Adding two new

programmes, an open office space and the Culvert

tour, the length of the event exceeded the

previous years by four times. The festival was

most widely noted for the exhibition Seoul,

Towards a Meta City which took place at the

Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) from Oct. 17.

The exhibition revealed the works of 18 curators

and approximately 300 students, resulting in 11

projects. The exhibition was essentially a

compilation of notable architecture exhibitions of

2014, such as Damback-soswae-nodeul held by

SAF Summer School (see news of Sep. 2014,

SPACE), The Han: a River in the Make the results of

School of Architecture for Children during 4 days

from Oct. 9 2014, and the expert research section

included Imagining the River Hans Structures,

Seoul Architecture Awards Exhibition, Seoul,

Towards a Meta-City exhibition held in Aug. 2014

in Berlin, and the Madrid public architecture

exhibition.

Meanwhile, the Seoul Architecture Festival, which

started in 2010, will eventually evolve into the

Seoul International Architecture Biennale,

beginning with a Pre-biennale next year. Seung

H-Sang, as the Seoul City Architect, declared at the

opening, The Seoul International Architecture

Biennale will be conducted to organize various

sporadic and temporary architecture events. The

curator Kim Youngjoon said that many

experiments were carried out to tailor the needs of

the exhibition towards the DDP as an exhibition

site, particularly regarding the DDPs irregular wall

structure. Yet, there are also regrets. Little

uniformity is present at the exhibition due to their

being no overarching concept to streamline the

various events. The works span from public places

like Nodeul Island, Mapo Oil Reserve Base, Seun

Sangga, the Han river idleness area, apartments,

houses, and kiosks. While the event does provide

the opportunity to encourage citizens interest in

public architecture, the unkempt atmosphere of

the event exposed the limited time in which it was

prepared. The highly anticipated kiosk exhibition

was not on display at the opening as it was

incomplete. Therefore, the city will need to

prepare an event that is not just an annual event,

but an event with a new perspective. The

exhibition will continue until Nov. 23.

The Culvert tour is one of the most noteworthy

programs this year. Originally built during the

Joseon Dynasty, people can see the layers of time

that have accrued by looking at the Culvert, which

was appointed a cultural asset of the city of Seoul,

as of Jul. 13. Ahn Changmo (professor of Graduate

School of Architecture, Kyonggi University) who

carried out the programme, commented that the

programme was an opportunity to discover

flexible organization by expanding from the basic

understanding of the citys surface.

The architectural culture tour, which started out as

the tour for Samcheongdong by Mihn Hyunjun

(principal of mp_Art Architects), now consists of

fifteen different courses, each lead by an

architect. Compared to last year, where the tour

was focused on buildings, it is now more centered

on villages. An architecture academy took place

with a title From Construction to Architecture. The

open office, which attracted many students, let

participants observe inside of an architects office.

The 2014 KIA Convention & Exhibition will take

place in other cities in Korea: Nov. 5-9 in Gwangju,

Oct. 2126 in Busan, Oct. 1720 in Daejeon, Oct.

2426 in Gyeongbuk, Oct. 225 in Chungbuk, Nov.

712 in Incheon.

The Seoul, Towards a Meta City exhibition is composed of installations like architecture models, videos, and panels.

Images courtesy of the Seoul Design Foundation

6 NEWS

: 2014Peering into the Architecture of Seoul: OpenHouse Seoul 2014

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Buildings that incite the curiosity of the onlooker,

but are forbidden to enter. A new opportunity has

risen to explore the interior of these buildings. The

OpenHouse Seoul 2014, celebrating its first

edition this year, has given access to the public 18

buildings and 10 architecture design studios

around Seoul.

Open House first began in London, growing as an

international event, as it spread to New York,

Dublin, and Rome. It is an opportunity for the

general public to visit corporate or privately owned

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masterpieces of architecture, or the design

studios of the architects that built them. While

Seoul has also had its own version of Open Studio

hosted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and

the Korean Institute of Architects to visit the office

spaces of architects, this is the first event hosted

by OpenHouse Seoul, where notable works of

architecture have been added to the list.

The programmes have been split into five

sections. First, 2000s: The Emergence of

Diversity is a guided tour through the works of

eight architects who completed their studies

abroad from the late 1990s to early 2000s, and

opened up office in Korea. These architects

include the likes of Kim Seunghoy, Kim Hun, and

Byoung Cho. The architects accompanied the tour,

with 20 participants. BE.TWIXT (see Architect

section of SPACE, Apr. 2007 issue) held on Oct. 17,

included the general public as well as architecture

students. The visit provided a chance to see how

the programme and spatial composition of the

site, as well as actual use of the building had

changed after being introduced in the media.

Another programme exclusive to Seoul was

1950s to 1970s: Meeting the Early Apartments.

This was a tour to visit the present day state of

apartments around the Han river, including in

Hangang Mansion, Ichon Apartment and the

Yeouido Sibeom Apartment, as well as apartments

distributed around Cheonggyecheon, including

Dongdaemun Apartment, Samil Apartment and

Seun Sangga. The organizer, Hwang Jieun,

(professor of University of Seoul) said

Precautions were taken due to the fact that the

tours would be taken into the spaces of private

lives. While the interior of these houses could not

be seen, it was possible for the visitors to imagine

the past indirectly. The participants dispersed to

silently tour the public space, and were surprised

to encounter rooftop coal chimneys and

traditional Kimchi storage ceramic pots. The tour

Another Approach to Holiness, Religious

Architecture provided visits to Kyongdong

Church, and Yakhyun Church, while Revival of

Korean Modern Architecture allowed people to

visit examples of remodeled modern architecture

such as the Kkummaru of the Childrens Grand

Park, as well as the century old Seoul moderns

sewage system. The last programme, Open

Studio, solved the publics curiosity about the

working space of architects. Each of the

architecture shows distinct features. BCHO

Architects Associates composed with wood and

stone, and the Curtain Hall has a rounded green

curtain covering. The event could have improved if

it followed suit of other countries, where simple

exhibitions are provided and the offices are open

to the public all day long in the form of a festival,

rather than listening to the presentations for a

predetermined two hour visit.

The Open House Worldwide is currently composed

of 23 cities all over the world. Seoul carried out this

years festival in the form of a pre-open, and is

planning on hosting its first official edition next

year, after review and modification. The event was

held from Oct. 1319.

Open Studio, solved the publics curiosity about the working space of architects. BCHO Architects Associates composed with wood and stone, and slate displayed the distinct features of the architect and his working space, with a rounded green curtain covering the Curtain Hall office.

Images courtesy of OpenHouse Seoul

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02 544 7722

Hermes.com

NEWS8

: A Communication between Boundaries: Doors: Boundaries of Communication

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Arumjigi (see critique of SPACE, Aug. 2013 issue)

located in Tongui-dong which is designed with the

exposed mass concrete of stylobate with a

modern design and a traditional Korean house

placed on top of it, has a new traditional Korean

house collage work displayed, which reinterprets

a portion of the door in Changdeokgung Palace.

This is a work of the exhibition Doors: Boundaries

of Communication which opened on Oct. 8. The

Traditional Culture Research Institute Onjium

selected Imun (Two Doors), Wooden Door, and

Hedge Door from the Donggwoldo which holds the

scenery of the 19th century Changdeokgung

Palace and Changgyeonggung Palace, and

recreate them with different materials and forms

to created a new interpretation. There are also

other modern doors that use materials such as

fabric, stainless steel, and steel plates. The

exhibition reminds us of the fundamental aspects

of doors and explores its possibilities as a mode of

communication in a new form.

The Arumjigi Culture Keepers Foundation has been

planning exhibitions that reinterpret the

traditional designs along various themes such as

clothing, cuisine, and housing in a modern style

every three years since 2005. This years

exhibition theme is the door: as an architectural

factor in its own role and emphasizes the

fundamental meaning of doors.

The exhibition is divided into three sections: the

Doors by Architects which participated by

architects, Forgotten Boundaries Discovered in

Dongwoldo which reinterprets traditional doors, and

The Third Doors which introduce designers works.

Doors by Architects introduces works where the

characteristics of doors are explored as a

boundary line. The audience opens the doors and

steps inside, and it makes them think about

passing the boundaries each time. For example,

Choi Wooks (principal of One O One architects)

door has two doorknobs. The opening direction,

and the scenery one meets after opening the door

is different for the two knobs. The audience

experiences the limitations of action and

restriction of a view depending on which doorknob

they hold. Choi Moongyus (professor of Yonsei

University) door has different front and back

design, and this is the result of emphasizing the

characteristics of doors in that they divide space

and creating a boundary in different realms. There

are also other doors such as Byoung Chos (BCHO

Architects Associates) door which is designed

with common materials such as plywood and steel

plates, and Na Unchung Yoo Soraes (NAMELESS

Architecture) door which recreates the traditional

Korean doors covering called changho.

Forgotten Boundaries Discovered in Dongwoldo

have works that combine the materials and design

of the past and the present. It tracks down the

doors that have lost their sense of existence and

brings out their functions as according to

historical records. The selected doors maintain

their functions, but some parts of design have

been changed. The shingle on the Hedge Door is

made of zinc and a bamboo used to made Wooden

Fence is replaced with steel pipes, making the

doors strong and sturdy.

The exhibition not only expresses the shielding

function of doors, but also expands the function of

doors in a medium that communicates with the user

and the scenery beyond it. The architecture lecture

which was planned as a exhibition programme

takes place every Tuesday and Friday from Oct.

2131. The Arumjigi Culture Keepers Foundation

and the World Culture Open co-managed the

exhibition and the exhibition will be open until Nov.

12.

Traditional Culture Research Institute Onjium, Imun (Drape door+Wooden door), wood, silk roof tile

Choi Moongyus door, Stainless steel, black mirror, urethane paint on iron plate

Choi Wooks door, Fabric, wood, steel, paint

Images courtesy of Arum

jigi Cultural Keepers Foundation

NEWS10

: 10by200A Different Way to View Young Architects: 10 by 200

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10 by 200 is an architecture lecture series hosted

by the Korea Architects Institute (KIA). The KIAs

existing lectures invited star architects and

featured their success stories, with which students

had trouble relating to their own circumstances.

Instead 10 by 200 gives an opportunity for young

architects to introduce their projects.

The format is different from the traditional lectures.

It consists of a series of ten lectures, each with

presentations and a Q&A time. During Q&A, five

panels who are currently working in the

architecture field and 200 students from five

schools (Ewha Womans University, Kwangwoon

University, Chung-Ang University, University of

Seoul, and Inha University) took turns and asked

questions. This is a dialogue between the old

generation and the new about the emerging

generation. It is a critique, but also a review.

The atmosphere of the lectures is more open

compared to more traditional lectures. Real stories

from the architectural scene are told. JYA-

RCHITECTS told the story about how they started

their office outside of the border of architecture;

about clients who didnt know design fees, and also

about specific budgets of certain projects.

Archiworkshop talked about what good

architecture is, about real problem solutions and

how their thoughts have changed through the

years. The lecture was wrapped up with practical

advice for the students.

There are certain shortcomings to the event. Some

panels would ask irrelevant questions just for the

sake of asking questions instead of giving a

productive review, and some questions from the

students were too random. The quality of the

lecture varies too much depending on the lecturer.

Also, the standards of selecting lecturers are vague.

Are you aware that you yourself are a young

architect, who is different to the older generation?

One panel asked SHIN architects, and they said Of

course. However, these young architects also

need a chance to organize their thoughts. The host

said that they will record and preserve all lectures

and dialogues. These records will not only be mere

records, but a tool to define a new age. The rest of

the lecture will take place on Oct. 31 and Nov. 7, 14,

21, and 28 at the ECC in Ewha Womens University.

It is open to the public.

The lecture focused on having a conversation between archi-tects and students.

Image courtesy of Korean Architects Institute

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The Value of a Small Space: Minimal House, Finding the Idleness Place

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The third edition of the Minimal House series,

Minimal House, Finding the Idleness Place, is on

display at the architecture gallery. Considering

the meaning of the title Idle Place, which means a

vacant space that has gone out of use, the

exhibition made the most out of the corners, the

small courtyard, and the rooftop, all miniscule

spaces. As the gallery itself was once subject to

demolition as it lay behind a street building, the

space and place of the exhibition greatly matches

with the theme and subtheme of the exhibition.

1+1= ' by around architects is in the corner room with a low ceiling. Park Changhyun (principal of

around architects) studies multiple housing for

single person housing. The individual spaces are

minimized for sleeping and washing, while the rest

of the space is utilized as a common area,

suggesting a friendly atmosphere of one person

residents to form families. Yiwayim architects

exhibited a small house of a remodeling project of

a small hanok that is currently being used for

residence and studio. Here, the minimal is

celebrated as deriving from what we feel in our

everyday lives. The more private the space, such

as the garden, corridor, kitchen and bedroom, the

level of the floor varies, to maximize the small

values that can be felt in each small space. A

concept model was also exhibited on the roof.

OBBA featured the detailed plans for a small

house, which is currently undergoing

construction. 50m2 House is a house that can only

capacitate the absolutely necessary within its

small fifteen pyeong. To cut costs, the basement

was omitted, and only a variable wall was installed

on the first floor. The bedroom for sleep, and the

living room are separated on the first floor, while a

terrace, living room and kitchen compose the

second floor. A model of this project was placed in

the small courtyard of the gallery.

Small house model by Yiwayim architects

Lee Jaem

yeong

NEWS12

: The Special Scenes: Decisive Moment

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Lee Kunyong, a Korean performance artist, cuts

out the pianists clothes into thin lines and drags

them out of the stage. The formless sound of the

piano is expressed in a concrete form. The audience

touch the clothes visualising bandage treating

wounds, encountering the Space Theatre, the

1970s origin of interdisciplinary arts, beyond time.

The artist puts his possessions on display in line

followed by his own body. The 5m line reminds the

audience of memories in the artists life, inducing

sympathy of the audience for his life. This was the

opening performance of the exhibition Decisive

Moment, the last programme of The Space Theatre

Contemporary Project by Korea National

Contemporary Dance Company on Oct. 17.

This exhibition is an archive exhibition to revive

fifteen years of memory of The Space Theatre in

the Space Group Building from 1977 to 1992. The

title of the exhibition implies influential events

and historical moments in the documented

memory of performance art, using the format of

exhibition.

The exhibition, searching for the present meaning

through the history of the theatre, consists of

three elements; physical archives of past records,

living archives, and communication between

artists who remember the theatre and the

exhibition curators.

The historical archive is a collection of materials

from the Art Council Korea Archive Seminar Hall

collections, the Kim Swoo Geun Foundation, as

well as personal possessions of artists who had

once performed at the Space Theatre. The event

provided opportunities to revisit the opening

performance of the Space Theatre, The Night of

Traditional Arts and The Night of Modern Musics

(Apr. 2229, 1977), and the opening play Love

Story in the Box, as well as photos and audio

recordings of artists like Kang Junhyuk from their

performances of the changmoogeuk by Gong

Ok-ijn, Samul nori, and the New Wave Theatre

Festival.

Living Archive in particular, does not present the

materials as if they are fossils, but add to the

resources with new interpretations in the form of

performance, video and installations. This was

carried out by Le Sacre du Printemps by Lee

Minkyung and Joo dos Santos Martins, and Jesus

Christ Superstar by Hong Sungmin, while Nam

Hwayeon reinterpreted the work The Flows of

Heart by Choi Seonghee.

This exhibition serves as a continuation of the

performance Oblique Space in July 2425 (see

news of SPACE, Sep. 2014 issue) that featured the

performances of the Space Theatres main artists

Lee Jung Hee, Nam Jeong Hoh, and Ahn Shin-Hee,

and the research performance of young

choreographers Still Be Choreography in Aug. 31.

The exhibition will continue at the Arts Council

Archive Seminar Hall of the Seoul Arts Center until

Nov. 29.

Installation view: Archive of the Space Theatre exhibitionOpening performance: Lee Kunyong, revival of the 1978 Performance art, Pantomime and Pigs walk, 2014

Korea National Contem

porary Dance Company

NEWS14

: Sculpting Space with Sound: Site Whanki_Wave

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Above and below right: Robin Minard, Silent Music, about 600 piezo loudspeakers, cable, 4-channel audio, Whanki Museum, 2014 / Below left: Robin Minard, Silence(Blue),Blue opaque film, Fluorescent lamp, 2-channel audio, white felt, Whanki Museum, 2014

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Site Whanki_Wave is an annual exhibition that

dedicates diverse genres of art to complement the

space of the museum. This year, artists Caitlind

Brown & Wayne Garrett, Bae Jungwan, Kimchi &

Chips participated. Among them, the Canadian

artist, Robin Minards sound installations filled the

museum from bottom to top, with diverse

experiments with how sound can meet with space.

Minard said that sound greatly influences how we

perceive space, and that even in the gothic

cathedrals, one can instantly perceive the grand

mass of the space through the reverberations of

sound, rather than the pictures or lighting on the

interior. On the first floor, he installed River Dream,

that displays a video of a river along a high

rectangular space. The sounds of the water and

the forest are emitted from two speakers, both

facing walls, so that the sound reverberates off

the walls, at different angles, hitting the other side

to provide more plentiful sounds. As visitors

depart from the room, the sound fades away into

the enclosed space. Here, sound is used to

ornament the formal characteristics of a space, as

well as a method of navigation.

On the third floor, one can encounter a white noise-

like vacuum at the top of the stairs. After emptying

the entirety of the third floor, an eerie blue light

makes the spatial boundaries and borders

ambiguous. The room becomes a space for peace

and meditation, and as the day shifts into the

night, the faint noise grows with the light. The work

is a new version of Outside in Blue (2010),

reinterpreting it to fit the space. This work was first

featured in the Sounding D, German-wide project.

Here, 15 sounds from 15 cities were recorded, and

the audience could either listen to these sounds

online, on a moving train, or in a stationary space.

The sound map plays with the concept of

experiencing multiple layers of space through

sound, while physically being in one place.

On the other hand, the final work Silent Music

(2014), displayed on the first floor, plays with

countless low-fi speakers, to make a plentiful

noise. The artist explained how 500 piezo buzzers

are used to make a hi-fi space. The project, which

marks two decades since its conception, has been

previously exhibited world-wide. The symmetrical

shape of the lobby of the Whanki Museum was

reflected in the form of the work. In the same way

that molecules come together to compose one

material, here, miniscule sounds gather to make a

plentiful sound that infiltrates a large space.

The digital works of Kimchi and Chips were also

displayed alongside the works of Robin Minard. If

spatial approaches to architecture have

previously been dominated by the history of the

site, or geometrical order, this exhibition used

digital and sound art, in order to provide a more

multi-sensory approach to the space. Sound is

different from vision, in that sounds can mix and

combine together, often becoming inaudible and

muffled. Yet, hearing is one of the most primal

instincts of human beings, and thus it can be a

valuable tool in the perception of space. The

exhibition closes on Dec. 31.

Images courtesy of W

hanki Museum

/ Prim

e Media

Shin M

ihe

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NEWS16

: Visiting a Playground Created by an Artist: Life is Always a Mirror

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Manahatas Dance (2009), and Temper Clay

(2012). The gallery is designed like a playground

someone created or an experience center. Wood,

glass, cloth, vinyl, among others are displayed as

if they were drawn with a compass, cut with

scissors, folding coloured paper and stuck using

glue, through the thorough calculations of the

artist. The audience experience space that work in

different angles through the spy mirrors that are

set up throughout the gallery, encountering

sounds and drawing.

Kims movies have no recognizable narrative and

are therefore difficult to understand. He even uses

Korean and English subtitles that do not match

what is on screen, to lead to further confusion. As

the flow of thoughts becomes blurred, the

audience actually becomes more in tuned with the

videos visual intensity and the rhythm of the

sound. Through collaborative work with the sound

artist David Michael DiGregorio, a music that

intertwines with words and sentences has been

created. The words We will harness the sun and

the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our

factories from Obamas inaugural speech, or

repetitive sounds of counting numbers, makes

the listener into a child who hums a song that they

have stuck in their head. Flipping through from

beginning to end the The Sound of Our Birds

textbook and a book to guess the chirping sounds

actually being played, the illegible musical notes

and the sheer length of the book adds to ones

confusion. This confusion is like the aimless

playtime that once enjoyed as a child.

In an abstruse flow of thought, the audiences

exhibition view: Kim Sunghwan, A-DA-DA, 16mm/Video, 20min, 2002 screen shot: Kim Sunghwan, Temper Clay, Video, 24min, 2012

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Kim Sunghwan, a media artist who once studied

architecture. For two months he has been working

on the 2nd and 3rd floors of the Art Sonje Center

located in Sogyeok-dong, Jongno-gu creating a

unique environment for three of his

representative works, A-DA-DA (2002),

bodies acknowledge and observe the space

according to their instincts. In a narrow and long

dark tunnel, ones figure is reflected through the

spy mirror and a candle light beyond it, and the

shadows of people walking past the outside of the

gallery seen through the wall covered in tinfoil

reflected in a unique angle. As you step inside by

lowering your head under a piece of cloth, or as

you step through the floors pattern cut sharply in

an acute angle, you see yourself reflected in the

mirror and feel as if youre in a treasure hunt in a

forest. There are clues of the hidden video

throughout the gallery. The shadow of the lighting

that is made by cutting a blue film in the shape of a

coiled up snake has the same angle as the rolled

paper that appears in A-DA-DA. Beside Manhatas

Dance, there is a fluttering piece of cloth

resembling the theme of the movie; immigrant

women who worked at a Shirtwaist Factory in

Manhattan that jumped off a rooftop while

covering themselves in shirts during a fire.

However, as you view the exhibition which reveals

no answers, the character who covers herself in

t-shirts and hops around, or the detailed

calculations that the artist puts into the space

start to be deemed as a light rhythm, silly fashion,

or a simple pattern. While the artist provides a

riddle in his playground, he never forces you to

solve it. He creates a comfortable environment in

which the audience can simply enjoy themselves

and run riot.

The prior exhibition of the Art Sonje Center was Rhii

Jewyos Night Studio, and it too had a single artist

plan out various thoughts in a given space, also

expressing it through a playground-like

environment. However, the difference is that Rhii

Jewyos target was the individuals house, which

is threatened by the external world, and Kim

Sunghwan uses the space as a welcoming to the

audience to view his works, displayed in the

gallery. It is an exhibition where you can directly

feel the space planned out by the artist. This

makes what can be considered as only an obtuse

that becomes a more friendly and enjoyable

experience, allowing for a spatial kind of

storytelling. The exhibition is open until Nov. 30.

Images Courtesy of the artist / W

ilkinson Gallery

18 NEWS

Maison Herms Dosan Park Reopened

9 30

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remodeling process and reopened on Sep. 30. The

largest change is the exhibition area, which has

been moved from the 3rd floor to the basement.

The exhibition area where the Herms Art Awards

were held was on the 3rd floor. The area of the

space was 274m2 and it faced an exterior glass

wall, so for video exhibitions the space was divided

and curtains were set up. Through remodeling the

exhibition area, it moved to the basement floor.

Now that it is located in the basement floor, the

exhibition area has become similar to a

contemporary white cube and it became more

suitable for exhibitions. A unique factor of the new

exhibition area would be the atrium located at the

centre. The atrium is opened out from the

basement floor to the top of the building and

brings in light from the outside. The atrium also

serves as an exhibition area, and it makes the

space feel like an outdoor exhibit. Currently, it is

displaying A Travers which is the work of Elisabeth

S. Clark who participated in Condensation (see

new of SPACE, Oct. 2014 issue). The white circular

ring of the diameter 4.07m fills up the entire

atrium. Beside it is a small cafe that provides a

natural connection between the exhibition and

the exterior space. Also, another wall was blocked

in contrast to create a space almost like a

darkroom. Here, Les Pagodes de la Lune, which is

created by gold and silver-plating, by the sculptor

Oh Youkyeong, and the Presque innocente

created by crystal sculptor Marie-Anne

Franquevilled are displayed while reflecting these

illuminations.

The gift shop on the upper floor has also changed,

also in terms of the interior. The Module H, which

was created by Shigeru Ban and Herms during

the 2012 Milano International Furniture Fair, has

been set up. The square module is three

dimensionally displayed to act as a wall. This wall

can be utilized as a partition, or a rack that is useful

during exhibitions. Also the embedded tracks have

continuous lighting set up to create a unique vibe

and Enzo Mari who has opened an exhibition in

DDP created a table for the space.

The Maison Herms Dosan Park opened in 2006

and was designed by RDAI, Rena Dumas

Architecture Interieure, which handles all of

Herms architecture. Maison is similar to a

flagship store but as a place where you can

experience the brand itself, every building and its

interior designs are unique. On September,

Maisons opened in Shanghai, following Paris, New

York, Tokyo, and Seoul. It was created after six

years of renovation to a four floor brick mansion,

which was built in 1928. It has been used as a

school and a police station in the past and with an

area of 1,1742m2 is a modern cultural asset.

Maison in Paris set up the Ratan hut, which is 9m

tall in 2011, and Japan made a wooden lattice on

the front of the building and combined it with

glass. The Maison Dosan Parks most unique

feature is the glass with the golden stripes silk

screen. As such the remodeling focuses on the

change in interior programme and the set up of

insertion type structure.

Maison Herms is displaying A Travers which is the work of Elisabeth S. Clark in the atrium. The white circular ring of the diameter 4.07m fills up the entire atrium.

Image courtesy of Herm

s Korea

, The Chapel has been Selected as the Building of the Year in the World Architecture Festival

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architecture office a21studio, won the 2014 World

Architecture Festival (WAF) Building of the Year

Award.

The Chapel is a building located on the outskirts of

Ho Chi Minh city, and it breathed new life into the

region which was lacking in community facilities. It

is especially a place for young locals with

conferences, weddings, and exhibitions being

held, and also serves as a cafe. The building

received much attention for it reused the structure

and materials from a building that had been

located at the site for a decade. The central

structure was kept to reduce the construction

process and the iron frame and metal sheets were

reused for the design. However the existing

structure did not have enough stability, so a tree

shaped pillar was set up, while white walls and

colourful glass were added. It is a simple and

economic project, but the structural reinforcement

and colors are what strengthened the aesthetic

aspects of the building.

The 2014 WAF was held in Singapore from Oct.13.

Yoo Hyunjun (Hyunjoon Yoo Architects), who

reached the finals this year stated, WAF is the only

architecture festival with a wide spectrum where

a21studio defeats the likes of BIG and Vo Trong

Nghia Architects, and architecture from Africa, the

Middle East, and Iran are introduced. The awards

were divided into 31 different sections such as

Civic and Community, Commercial Mixed-Use,

Culture, House, and the candidates are divided into

finished projects and blueprints. Over 2000

architects participated in this years WAF with

Korean architect offices such as the Ecorium

(SAMOO Architects & Engineers + Grimshaw

Architects), Buk Seoul Museum of Art, SeMA

(SAMOO Architects & Engineers), Ssangdalri House

(Hyunjoon Yoo Architects), and Korean projects

such as Dongdaemun Design Plaza (Zaha Hadid

Architects), Crashing Waves (Tongyeong Concert

Hall, Form4 Architecture), Branksome Hall Asia

Campus (MKPL Designs Pte Ltd) were nominated.

WAF is an annual event held by the Architectural

Review; it began in 2008 and this years marks the

the 7th annual festival. As for the festival

programme, there are seminars, lectures, and

student contests. Next year, it will be held from

Nov. 46. The Chapel won the 2014 World Architecture Festival Building of the Year Award.

Image courtesy of a21studio

SPACE PROTOCOL

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As aninternational monthlyarchitecture journal,SPACEstrives each month to feature works of architecture, plentiful in their uniqueness;

from the individuality of contemporary Korean architecture to the current innovative shifts ininternationalcontemporary architecture. In this

spirit, alldomestic andinternationalworks of architecture submitted toSPACEas feature proposals will undergo theSPACEpeer review system,

in order to uphold a more diverse, professional and fair system of judgment when selecting featured works. TheSPACEPeer Review Pool is

composed of architects and critics, representative of the currentKorean architecture scene, with reviews qualitatively and quantitatively

verified.Eachmonth, all submitted works will undergoablind test by two to three individual reviewers,

with the strict prohibitionof disclosure of anyother information than that of the actual work of architecture.

We cordially request your valued interest and support, and your active participation in submitting prospective featured works, in our endeavour

to secure a more varied point of view andtransparent selectionprocess.

SPACE Peer Review

NOTICE

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SPACE Peer Reviewer Pool (Korean alphabetical order)

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Kwak Heesoo (IDMM Architects)

Kim Kwanghyun (Seoul National University)

Kim Byungyoon (Daejeon University)

Kim Jaekwan (Moohoi Architecture Studio)

Kim Jongho (Design Studio)

Kim Junsung (Konkuk University)

Kim Chanjoong (The_System Lab)

Kim Taeman (HAEAHN architecture)

Kim Taecheol (Dong-A University)

Kim Hyun (Korea University)

Tomii Masanori (Hanyang University)

Moon Hoon (Moonbalsso)

Park Insoo (PARKiz Architects)

Bae Byungkil (Architect Bae Byung-Kil)

Son Jin (ison architects)

Woo Seunghyun (Hongik University)

Lee Minah (hyupdongone)

Lee Eunseok (Kyung Hee University)

Lee Chungkee (University of Seoul)

Lim Jaeyong (Office of Contemporary Architecture)

Cho Namho (Soltos Architects)

Cho Minsuk (Mass Studies)

Joh Sung-Yong (SungKyun Architecture institute)

Chun Euiyoung (Kyonggi University)

25

9 19 29 . 2004 10 . , . , , . SPACE() ( ) , . | ( ) |

The Docomomo International Conference was held from the 19th to 29th of September in Seoul. The long awaited event finally took place, ten years after Korea joined the Docomomo

in 2004. The fact that this is the first Docomomo conference to be held in Asia means that the centre of discussion on the preservation and application of sites of modern cultural

heritage is shifting from Europe and America to Asia. It was also an opportunity not only for people in the architectural field but also for ordinary citizens to learn about and

participate in the discussion concerning modern architectural heritage. This was held alongside events such as an international student workshop, a Korean modern architecture

site tour, and the exhibition at the National Museum of Contemporary Art. SPACE will look in depth at the meaning of Docomomo Korea (chairman Kim Taewoo) as the host city, and

also the changes to the domestic and international architectural field as a consequence of the event. reported by Park Gyehyun | photography by Yoon Joonhwan (unless otherwise indicated) | materials provided by Docomomo Korea

,2014

Expansion & Conflict,The 13th Docomomo International Conference Seoul

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.( ) 25 .Kimm Jongsoung(chairman of the organizing committee, Docomomo Korea) at the keynote speech of the Conference on the 25th of November.

.Docomomo Korea co-hosted the exhibition Rebirth of Place: Expansion & Conflict of the Korean Modern Architecture with the National Museum of Modern Contemporary Art, in lieu with the international conference.

28

due to the countercharge of the merchants and the Cultural

Heritage Administration. New proposals have arisen to insert a

pedestrian walk road. Park Mincheol (vice chairman,

Docomomo Korea) said, We wanted to talk about a new oppor-

tunity about looking at this mega structure through this work-

shop. In reality, many people in Korea thinks of the mega struc-

ture as blocking and crossing the city, and that the building and

its businesses are lifeless. However, many students from all

over the world has visited and paid attention to the lives of the

merchants through the workshop. In the domestic competition,

the project time organism, which looks at Sewoon Arcade as an

organism and connects the buildings with the streets of Euljiro,

was selected as the winner. Ideas that came from international

cooperation and cross-generational discussions may have an

impact on domestic policies and city development, suggesting

a new direction.

Expansion 3: Aiming for an Expansion of

Architectural Culture

Docomomo Korea co-hosted an exhibition Rebirth of Place:

Expansion & Conflict of the Korean Modern Architecture with

the National Museum of Modern Contemporary Art(MMCA),

along with the international conference. The opening ceremony

was an opportunity for Docomomo members to come and see

over 2,000 pieces of archives from 20 modern Korean architec-

ture projects. However, the most important effect has been that

the the local population can also come and see the displays of

major works of modern Korean architecture, which has been

dismantled or forgotten in most cases, through various medi-

ums including photographs, movies, models, and plans.

The exhibition is organized into five sub-categories. The first

and second sub-categories are buildings that are extinct, such

as Jeju National University and the former National Museum of

Korea, and buildings that are maintaining the exterior faade to

preserve the streetscape such as Dong-A Daily News building,

former Seoul Station, and the Supreme Court. The old original

photos of these buildings are provided by the City History

Compilation Committee of Seoul, allowing the younger genera-

tions to see the harmony of the building and the old city. The

video clip about the renovation progress of the Space Group

Building shows one of the most passionate topics of Korean

contemporary architecture. The third sub-category consisted of

renovation examples such as Seoul Country Clubhouse,

Expansion 1: Thinking about Modern Architecture in Asia

Docomomo International Conferences, which is hosted by dif-

ferent cities every two years, reflects the character of the host-

ing city. Docomomo Helsinki 2012 was held under the theme

The Survival of the Modern: From Coffee Cup to General Plan,

covering modern design beyond architecture, to include interi-

or design, furniture design and tool design. Docomomo Mexico

City 2010 had the theme Living in the Urban Modernity, looking

at the life in Mexico City, which was built under modern con-

cepts. Viewed from this perspective, the theme for Seoul 2014,

which is Expansion & Conflict, can be considered as the main

keyword for modern Asian architecture. This theme is a com-

prehensive expression of the history and growth of modern

Asian architecture, still deemed a mystery for Westerners. This

event has expanded the discussion of modern architecture,

which was only limited to Europe and America to Asia, also

questioning the theories which are based on the Western world.

A platform to support this discussion was also prepared. In the

section of the International Conference, Asian Modernity was

composed as one of the categories of discussion. The existing

categories include education and theory, preservation and (re)

use, city and the landscape, and technology. Presentations and

discussions took place about the growth and development of

cities and architecture in Seoul, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and

Istanbul, places not well known before. Also, a special opportu-

nity to hold a session just about Korean architects was given.

Korean architects Kim Jungsoo, Kim Swoo Geun, Kim Chung Up,

and Nah Sangjin were introduced by Kim Sungwoo (president,

N.E.E.D architects), Jeong Inha (professor, Hanyang

University), Yi Euisung (executive, Docomomo International

Committee), and Choon Choi (professor, Seoul National

University) during session 14 on the 26th. Yi Euisung asserted

most particularly aided by his thesis titled Roof and the Land:

Kim Chung Up and Le Corbusier, which considers whether the

architectural language of Kim Chung Up was formed while he

worked in the office of Le Corbusier or by the form and space of

the traditional Korean architecture. He questioned the common

notion that modern Korean architecture came from the lan-

guage of a European and American architecture. He raised

much sympathy through the comparison of the form and line

of the roof in the French Embassy to the image of the lines in

the columns and eaves of the Korean traditional architecture.

During the Q&A session, he received positive comments such

as This thesis contains a new perspective and We would like

REPORT

to see these projects in person.

The Conference took place over three days with 21 sessions,

among which six sessions were dedicated to Asian modernity.

Session 17, which took place on the 27th, was conducted by

Seo Myungsu, Kim Jonghun, Lee Yeonkyung, and Hideo Tomita,

who opened with a discussion about modernism in Korea and

Seoul during the Japanese colonial period. Session 11, which

took place on the 26th, featured Sangeeta Bagga talking about

the expansion and conflict found in Le Corbusiers Chandigarh

with the title The meaning of Chandigarh: An example of Asian

modernity. These arguments all revealed that Asian modern-

ism is different from the general history of modern architecture

in the Western world.

Expansion 2: The Need for International Cooperation

and Exchange

The workshop was held on the 19th to the 23rd, under the

theme Sewoon Arcade. Each team was comprised of six stu-

dents from Korea, Japan, Australia, Germany, and Egypt, who

made up a team and worked under a Korean architect and a

tutor in the office of a Korean architect. Lee Jiyoung, a partici-

pating student said, It is usually hard to find opportunities to

work with foreign students. The programme was seen as a

good chance to make up the educational curriculum in archi-

tecture, which is falling behind the architecture market, by

much more active international exchange.

Students made projects through this new format. Team 7 made

a video clip of the interview of a Sewoon Arcade merchant as

their final project. What made this project possible is that the

team included students who could conduct Korean interviews,

and another who could edit video. Besides the traditional plans

and models, new forms like this project such as a documentary

and edited images using antique maps were presented. This is

where the advantage of international cooperation and

exchange was revealed. Ana Tostoes (Chair, Docomomo

International) explained that The workshop was the result of

an energy to gather work that dealt with the ideas of students

from different parts of the world. She added, It was an opportu-

nity where new and interesting ideas were presented, rebuild-

ing Sewoon Arcade as a timeless structure.

The preservation and application of Sewoon Arcade is a big task

for the city of Seoul. There have been suggestions about tearing

down or forming a park, but there hasnt been much progress

29

3. Promote the conservation and (re)use of buildings

and sites of the Modern Movement.

4. Oppose destruction and disfigurement of significant

works.

5. Foster and disseminate the development of appro-

priate techniques and methods of conservation and

adaptive (re)use.

6. Attract funding for documentation conservation and

(re)use

7. Explore and develop new ideas for the future of a

sustainable built environment based on the past

experiences of the Modern Movement.

The fact that many Asian countries have now asked to become

a member of Docomomo is also noteworthy. Kuwait, Taiwan,

and Thailand became new members, and Egypt, Hong Kong,

and Macao also confirmed their intention to join Docomomo.

Starting with the Seoul conference, many Asian countries will

join the discussion of Docomomo. Kim Taewoo (Chairman,

Docomomo Korea) remarked We decided to form an architec-

tural community centered in Korea. Japan, China, Hong Kong

and Macao has confirmed, and we will continue to confirm with

others. Just like how modern architecture has collided with the

traditional architectural culture and the city, there might be

problems caused by hosting an international event. However, it

is more than that; the significance of this event is that it has

lead the participation of Asian countries, informed about the

reality of modern Asian architecture, and was an opportunity to

strengthen the domestic architectural culture through publica-

tions and exhibitions.

architects, who have studied overseas and also have experi-

ence within society, is tremendous. An environment that can

contain new social issues should be prepared for them. In this

aspect, architectural exhibitions will promote the understand-

ing of preservation of modern architecture projects, along with

fostering building owners with a greater insight.

Expansionwithin Conflict: The Announcement of the

Eindhoven-Seoul Statement2014

Docomomo Korea, with no experience of hosting an internation-

al event, showed some weakness in its operations. In spite of

that, one good conclusion to be drawn from this conference is

that the Eindhoven Statement, which was made in 1988 with

the founding of Docomomo International, has been modified

through this event. One article has been added to the existing 6

artides, among which three were modified. 3. Promote the con-

servation and (re)use of buildings and sites of the Modern

Movement, is the new article. The word (re)use is added to

article 5 and 6, and the word sustainable was added to article

7. The issue of (re)use will be discussed in detail in the Lisbon

2016 conference as its theme.

1. Bring the significance of the architecture of the

Modern Movement to the attention of the public, the

authorities, the professionals and the educational

community.

2. Identify and promote the surveying of the works of

the Modern Movement.

Kkummaru at Seoul Childrens Grand Park, and Kimchungup

Museum. The fourth sub-category deals with renovated resi-

dential projects of notable figures, showing shifts of power

through buildings. The last sub-category includes the Sewoon

Arcade, the theme for the workshop; showing the Korean archi-

tecture of today, which is forming its own city and architectural

aesthetics through mega structures and high-rise buildings.

In the same period, MMCA Gwacheon hosted an exhibition The

Harmony between Technology and Art: Architect Kimm

Jongsoung. This is the third exhibition of the architecture

series, following the exhibition of Chung Guyon and Itami Jun.

This shows that architecture exhibitions have settled into an

independent genre domestically with the growth of interest

about modern architecture. If the first exhibition intended to

show as much as possible, the second intended to show what

and how (SPACE, March issue, Imagineer section) This third

exhibition considered what and how the audience will feel

about the subject. The interior photograph of the building, which

has a similar scale to the real size, fills up the walls of the exhi-

bition hall and lets the audience experience the space as if they

are visiting the actual building. Also, a structural model of the

Takenaka space truss, which was introduced in the National

Weight Lifting Stadium of Korea, lets the audience feel the char-

acter of the architect, who emphasized the technological side of

architecture. This will be an opportunity to feel architecture in

the context of art and find the beauty and the social issue

inside it. In the past, architecture has been judged only by its

physical value. Kimm Jongsoung said, Modern Korean archi-

tecture is now ruminating modernism, and has entered the age

of reclaiming. He also said, The potential for new generation

24 28, 29 .The members of Docomomo had a chance to see and understand Korean architecture by the Doco Tours held on the 24th, 28th and 29th.

Choi Kyubok

Choi Kyubok

FRAME30

A New Church Architecture that Layers the Secular with the Spiritual

? . . . 1996 KOMA 80 . 4 , . . 57 2 . . . . 3 . | | | ( )

What kind of cityscape does Korean church architecture contribute to? Just like the

miraculous economic growth of the nation, churches recorded exponential growth in

Korean cities. When a new town is established and apartment complexes are built, the

church is one of the first establishments to occupy the area. Some of those churches

stand alone, not at all associated with the surrounding environment.

Lee Eunseok has designed over 80 small and large scale churches in Korea since he

started work at Atelier KOMA, his architecture firm. According to Puritan Purism values,

he has created four new types of churches that exclude excessive ornamentation.

Now, he tries to break free from his former style, making new attempts.

Osan Church in Busan embraces the apartment-surrounded scenery by establishing

a courtyard, which was designed according to economic restrictions and the rule of

simplicity. Joyful Church in Gwangju creates a new landscape in the number 57

highway, which is filled with discount outlet mall signs, by adding two white boxes.

The Joyful Church creates a new city space by connecting two sites that have large

elevation difference. Erum Church in Suji stands on the beginning of a massive

apartment complex like a milestone. Standing on a triangular site, a terrace is

designed into the center of the building, where there is a big elevation difference on

each side, making a rich interior space. We will observe these three recent projects,

and seek how the spiritual church space meets the secular city. edited by Shim Younkyu | designed by Choi Seungtae | materials provided by Atelier KOMA | photographed by Yoon

Joonhwan (unless otherwise indicated)

31

Namgoong Sun

FRAME Essay32

Lee Eunseok

From Efficient Development to Flexible Recovery

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FRAME Essay34

Since the dawn of the industrial age, buildings were only considered to be

real architecture when it had fulfilled its function. Moreover, its form was

also decided by its function. Practicality, the pursuit of function, was the

ultimate goal. As long as practicality was achieved, other values were

considered secondary. The simple art of purism, however, is inadequate to

capture all aspects of plural, individual, and flexible aspects of abundant

human life. The search for human desire, which cannot be fulfilled with

practical efficiency, sometimes leads us into a situation where were

absorbed in unusual and indefinite forms, that even ignore the structural

order.

Therefore, spatial work must focus on respecting traditional rationalism,

which is the basis for architectural practicality, while also suggesting a way

by which we may adapt to the free and various life of human beings. For me,

progress is made through enhancement rather than revolution, and the

recovery of damaged things rather than deconstruction. It will probably lead

to the search for a space that embraces concepts of meta-basis, overlapping,

and intermediation, contrasting from determination, fixation, and separation.

This is an effort to make hybrid abundance within the order of mutual

communication rather than distinguishing, such as between architecture

and the city, halls and lobbies, interior and exterior, and streets and yards. It

is also an attitude that expands from the interior centered and efficient-

priority point of view to a flexible interior/exterior space that aims to recover

humanity.

Creating a Space that Captures Dynamic Programmes

Practicality has been respected as the value with highest in architecture.

Now, I hope to create spaces that are opened towards various programmes,

and not limited to a single purpose. A space with flexibility, which can

embrace any programmes, can be achieved by making a dim contour around

the space instead of filling it with solid chunks of functions. Open space, with

its attempt to hold various events, has freedom. This space, determined by

walls, colonnades, or rooftops, is commonly called a protected exterior. This

space is considered as an interior space, but also may consist scents from

outside, plants, and wind. It may seem like an exterior space, but it is

protected from the noise, rain, and strong sunlight. With its openness and

large scale, this open space is effective for hosting various performances.

The lives of the modern man are too complex, hybrid, and changeable to be

held with spaces designed from classical architectural habits that are

decisive and distinct. Providing adaptable flexible spaces for dynamic

programmes as crucial for the architecture of our time. The fact that these

spaces still have some intension of the architects differs itself from the

Universal Space established by Mies van der Rohe.

35

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Lee Eunseok received a B.A. in Architecture from Hongik University, a Licence of Architecte D.P.L.G. from Ecole dArchitecture Paris-Belleville and Ph D. in History of Art from University of

Paris I. He won the Millennium Gate competition of Korea in 2000. He is now associate profes-

sor at Kyunghee university. He established KOMA (the Korea Office of Modern Architecture) in

1996. His major projects include TapJung Cafe, MokYang Church, KyungSan Church, SaWeol

Church, Dream School, Venus Kindergarten and he is the author of How to Succeed in Church

Construction.

Creating a Minimal, Harmonious City Space

Even before the Industrial Revolution the city developed around a

marketplace, in which people gathered to exchange goods, and a church, in

which people gathered to search for God. A good city was defined by a well

functioning public domain, where people gathered. Active public spaces,

such as the streets, plazas, and parks can enrich the city, but, the situation in

Korean cities, with its concentration on efficient development, is displaying

extreme chaos and selfishness. Nowadays, Koreans rather maintain

pleasant conditions in their own residence, shops, and work places, while, we

can still witnessing extremely unkempt situations beyond the doors of

private spaces. The poor condition of the spaces in this city is beyond

abhorrent. Streets are saturated and chaotic, sidewalks are disconnected

and dangerous, and the facades are designed in a disorderly manner. This

also includes church buildings. Such selfishness, commercial greed, and low-

grade design is even present in Korean church architecture. At this point in

time, you would expect that at least projects driven by the institution of

religion would present values that aim to create a clean and pleasant city. In

church architecture, interest towards the public should be the utmost

priority. If its public space is too open it loses its peaceful privacy, and if it is

too closed it will turn a church into a monastery. Therefore, the church should

pursue and acquire an appropriate and harmonious spatial concept, which

would have a public angle. Elements such as wide staircases, slopes, piloti

spaces, yards, flower gardens, and parking spaces are basic to the

architecture inside the city. The shared basis between the city and the

church should be arranged through architecture. The church should have an

ethical attitude and the will to provide an abundant pleasant space for the

public. This clearly matches the biblical perspective. Church architecture

should provide green areas and resting areas that reveals peace, besides its

main structures. If the church focuses its facilities only for its private use, it

will not be a church but a mere social place; giving up the responsibility to

create a pleasant city will mean that the church is lacking of its basic

Christian spirit.

Concerns about Recovering Damaged Slopes

It is a priority concern to heal and recover the sloped land that is cut out

(Osan Church), damaged (Joyful Church), or abandoned (Erum Church). That

is, if you are an architect in Korea, where 70% or more of its territories are

made up of slopes. Everyone who works in the field of architecture and

construction, whether you are a civil engineer, landscape architect, or an

architect, should be concerned about slopes that are damaged as a result of

thoughtless development. It is essential for the generation, who will manage

the mountain terrains and cities in the future, to have great interest in slope

preservation and territorial recovery. Therefore, the method to at least

microscopically utilize the elevation difference of the site was a great

concern and an important assignment for the architect, as I faced the

abandoned sites with three different types of damages in the cities of

Gwangju, Yongin, and Busan.

In this disconnected and cut-out land, architecture becomes a bridge that

connects the gap, or a stepping stone to overcome its obstacles. Architecture

acts like a stitch to the damaged land. The work is meaningful, like digging up

ore from an abandoned mine. To the architects who will design in this

beautiful land, the attempt to recover the damaged land should not be a

burden, but an inevitable pleasure.

36 FRAME Project

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The site is located on the corner under the roadside between Haeundae and Songjeong. The L shaped building encloses an open

space inside, and the wall blocks the noise from the busy streets. Seven scattered columns form a unique relaxing yard. This

protected space is precious for the citizens, especially for the children and the elderly.

Osan Church is like a small city itself. Features such as a sloped hall that connects to the exterior, an appropriately protected yard,

and the surrounding flower garden are the condensed elements of the city. Therefore, the church architecture gives the basis to

share the culture of the city and the church. Providing a public yard is an attempt to actively offer the space to the neighbors. This

space, which is not too closed nor opened, offers high accessibility to the public. The sloped hall serves as a corridor, stairs, and a

hallway. It is opened towards the yard, making it the centre of the church and also a wonderful observatory. After sunset, this space

serves as a lighthouse that brightens the neighborhood. Acquiring spatial dynamics by the relationship between the holiness of the

church and the publicness of the open yard, opens up the possibility to hold various programmes.

The site was a flat land under a retaining wall, located under a typical Busan slope roadside. The road, which is two stories higher than

the site ground is on the south side, pushing out the building to the north edge of the site to let sunlight into the yard. Two entrances

that lets people enter from two different levels and the soft slope connecting two levels became the solution to the elevation

difference. The building effectively filled the land that was caved in, and recovered the wounded land. written by Lee Eunseok

: () : , , , () :

779 11 : : 2,253m2 : 1,114.03m2 : 7,229.2m2 :

6, 2 : 27.4m ( : 39.4m) : 85 : 49.45% : 189.16% :

: : : :

: :

Architect: Lee Eunseok (Kyunghee Univ.) Design team: Jeon Changbae, Kim Yunghyun, Sin Juseob, Jeong

Junyung (Atelier KOMA) Location: 779 Jung-dong, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Korea Programme: church Site

area: 2253m2 Building area: 1,114.03m2 Gross floor area: 7,229.2m2 Building scope: B2, 6F Height: 27.4m

(tower: 39.4m) Parking: 85 Building to land ratio: 49.45% Floor area ratio: 189.16% Structure: reinforced

concrete Exterior finishing: exposed concrete Structural engineer: Sen structural engineers Construction:

Daedonga construction Mechanical engineer: Joosung Engineering lnc Electrical engineer: Hangil

Engineering Client: Osan Church

Osan Church

37

38

1F plan

1 1

3

7

555

88

2444

FRAME Project

Section

.The site is located on the corner under the roadside between Haeundae and Songjeong.

2 .Two entrances let the people enter from two different levels and the soft slope connecting the two levels becomes the solution to the elevation difference.

1. small group room

2. baby room

3. chapel

4. lactation room

5. office

6. emergency room

7. studio

8. storage

9. counting room

10. nursery room

11. studio

12. lobby

13. prepare room

14. education room

15. lounge

16. shower room

17. boiler room

18. kitchen

19. restaurant

20. hall

21. parking

22. laboratory

23. president room

24. meeting room

25. terrace

26. electrical room

27. dynamo room

28. prayer room

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3F plan

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0 5 10 20m

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39

. .The sloped hall serves as a corridor, stairs, and a hallway. It is opened towards the yard, making it the centre of the church and also a wonderful observatory.

, . The L shaped building encloses an open space inside, and the wall on the slope blocks the noises from the busy streets.

3D diagram

40 FRAME Project

41

Erum Church

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The church is embedded on the steep street-side in the busy district of Suji-gu, Yongin-si. The large concrete panel blocks protect

the main sanctuary and the educational facilities from the dust and noise in the busy road. A big window is placed on the center of

the facade towards the city in order for neighbourhood watch programs to operate. Located between two roads, which have the

elevation difference of three stories, one flexible space penetrates the entire volume of the church. This space is the entrance and

the main lobby of the church. It is also an open cafe, and a multi-purpose parking lot. This space attempts a visual and an actual

connection with the city.

The function of the city is condensed in Erum Church. The function of the street is enriched into the cross tower, placed vertically. A

street should have a target point and its own scenery, and the stairs in the tower simply serve this function by having a target point

and the scenery towards the outside. The long-high lobby in front of the main sanctuary serves the purpose of an indoor plaza.

This newly constructed church, with the hope that the will in heaven be done on earth, is located on an abandoned sloped site,

which was in the gap between a major highway and an overpass. The land regained life through the placement of the church. The

vertical effect of looking up at the staircase from the lower street and the horizontal spatial sense from the curved rear wall seems

to be serving the mission of the church towards the heavens, and the neighbours through architecture. written by Lee Eunseok

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: 83-9 6 : : 1,651m2 : 990.34m2

: 8,164.23m2 : 4, 5 : 36.4m : 68 : 59.98% : 178.29%

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: :

Architect: Lee Eunseok (Kyunghee Univ.) Design team: Jeon Changbae, Hwang Jeonghyun, Kim Yunghyun, Sin

Juseob, Lee Yujin, Jeong Junyung, Kim Dohee (Atelier KOMA) Location: 83-9 Sanghyeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-

si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Programme: church Site area: 1,651m Building area: 990.34m Gross floor area:

8,164.23m Building scope: B5, 4F Height: 36.4m Parking: 68 Building to land ratio: 59.98% Floor area ratio:

178.29% Structure: reinforced concrete Exterior finishing: exposed concrete Structural engineer: Eun struc-

tural engineers Construction: Gangsan construction Mechanical engineer: Joosung Engineering lnc Electrical

engineer: Hangil Engineering Client: Erum Church photographed by Namgoong Sun

42

.The vertical effect of looking up at the staircase from the lower street and the horizontal spatial sense from the curved rear wall seems to serve the mission of the church towards the heavens, and the neighbours through architecture.

.A big window is placed on the center of the facade towards the city for neighbourhood watch programs to operate.

FRAME Project

1. electrical room

2. water tank

3. parking

4. tea making room

5. education room

6. cafe

7. hall

8. family hall

9. toilet

10. chapel

11. balcony

Section

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10

7

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7 6

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5 5 4

3

3

2 1

0 5 10 20m

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.The large concrete panel blocks protect the main sanctuary and the educational facilities from the dust and noise in the busy road.

.The long-high lobby in front of the main sanctuary serves the purpose of an indoor plaza.

1. parking

2. play room

3. cafe

4. hall

5. waiting room

6. utility room

7. education room

8. family hall

9. deck

10. chapel

11. kitchen

12. restaurant

13. tea making room1F plan

B1 plan

3F plan

2F plan

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44 FRAME Project

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Joyful Church is located on the top of a hill in Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, which is a typical example of a Korean city sprawling with

development. The ground is divided into two lots with different eleva