Spoken English 176 to 200

Rupa: Hi Hema, did you meet your classmateyesterday?

(£æ…ß’ Ê£«´÷, E†o †’´¤y O’ classmate†’ éπL-¨»¢√?)

Hema: I did. We met yesterday after nearly fiveyears. She looked a little older than she is.

(éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Å®·üË∞¡x ûª®√yûª E†oØË ¢Ë’çéπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç. ûª†’ ´ßª’Ææ’ éπØ√o Â°ü¿l-C™«éπE-°œç-*çC.)

Rupa: Are you the same age?

(O’Jü¿lJC äÍé ´ßª’≤ƒ?)Hema: No, I am slightly older than her (she).

But now she looks older than me (I).

(ØËØË éÌçîÁç Â°ü¿l. Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ ûªØË Ø√éπçõ‰Â°ü¿lí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.)

Rupa: What is she?

(Ç¢Á’ ÖüÓuí∫ç à´’Ø√o îË≤Úhçü∆?)Hema: She is a government officer.

Rupa: That's it. She looks older than youbecause of her responsibilities.

(ÅD Ææçí∫A. Ç¢Á’ ¶«üµ¿u-ûª© ´©x (Officer í¬)Féπçõ‰ é¬Ææh Â°ü¿l-Cí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC)

Hema: I have responsibilities as well, as thePresident of the local women's club.

(≤ƒnEéπ women's club president í¬ Ø√èπÿ¶«üµ¿u-ûª-©’-Ø√o®·.)

Rupa: But your responsibilities are not as seri-ous, are they?

(Å®·ûË F ¶«üµ¿uûª©’ Ç¢Á’ ¶«üµ¿u-ûª-©çûª Bv´-¢Á’i-†N é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?)

Hema: I wish I were in such a position.

(ûª†’†o ÆœnA™ ØË†’çõ‰ áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-úø’†’ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC)

Rupa: Why so?

Hema: A government officer's position is cer-tainly superior to that of a home maker,isn't it?

(´÷´‚©’ í∫%£œ«ùÀ position éπØ√o govern-ment officer position íÌ°æpC éπü∆.)

Rupa: But I prefer being a home maker tobeing a job holder. A home maker is inno way inferior to an officer.

(é¬E Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç ÖüÓu-Tí¬ Öçúøôç éπçõ‰í∫%£œ«-ùÀí¬ Öçúø-ô¢Ë’ É≠ædç. í∫%£œ«ùÀ officeréπØ√o àç ûªèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’.)

Hema: Let's not talk of superior and inferior anymore. Everyone is great in their own way.

(áèπ◊\´ ûªèπ◊\-´© í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúøôçÇÊ°ü∆lç. á´J íÌ°æp ¢√∞¡xüË.)

Rupa: Ramu is coming this evening.

(®√´· Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.)Hema: Who? Your brother?

Rupa: Yes. He returned from the states a fewdays ago. He is coming to stay with mefor a few days.

(States †’ç* È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV© éÀçü¿ôAJ-íÌ-î√aúø’. È®çvúÓ-V©’ Ø√ûÓ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.)

Hema: I've often wondered is he older oryounger than you?

(Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’E N≠æßª’ç– ®√´· Féπçõ‰ *Ø√o,Â°ü∆l?)

Rupa: He is my elder. Doesn't he look so?

(Åûª†’ Ø√éπØ√o Â°ü¿l/ ´÷ Å†o. Å™«éπE-°œç-îªú≈?)

Hema: Long since I saw him.

(îª÷Æœ î√™« ®ÓV©®·çC)Rupa: Perhaps you saw him prior to his leaving

for the states.

(•£æ›¨¡ †’ý-ûªEo states èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-´·çü¿’îª÷¨»-¢Ë¢Á÷?)

Hema: Yes.

È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ lessons ™ ´’†ç degrees ofcomparison N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆. Ñlesson ™ ´’J-éÌEo N´-®√©’ îª÷ü∆lç.éÌEo éÌEo ≤ƒ®Ω’x comparative, positivedegrees ™ I, we, he, she, they ¢√ú≈™«, me,us, him, her, them ¢√ú≈™« ÅØË confusion´Ææ÷h Öçô’çC. Look at the following:

a) Åûª†’ Ø√éπçõ‰ §Òúø’í∫’ (Comparative):

He is taller than I/ me (?)

b) Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª†’ *†o = He is younger than she/ her (?)

c) ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†-éπçõ‰ clever é¬ü¿’ = They aren't cleverer than us/ we (?)

d) Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª†’ Â°ü¿l = He is older than she/ her (?)

In the sentences above, sentence *´-®Ωx™´’†-éÌîËa ÆæçüË-£æ…©’: (a) ™ I ¢√ú≈™«, me¢√ú≈™«, (b) ™ she ¢√ú≈™«, her ¢√ú≈™«, (c) ™us ¢√ú≈™«, we ¢√ú≈™«, (d) ™ she ¢√ú≈™«, her¢√ú≈™« ÅE.Correct í¬ Å®·ûË sentence Å®Ωnç v°æé¬®Ωç,(a) taller than I, (b) ™ younger than she,(c) cleverer than we, and (d) ™ older thanshe ÅØË ®√¢√L.

a) He is taller than I (am)= (ØË†’ §Òúø’í¬_ Ö†o-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ Åûª-†’†o §Òúø’-Èí-èπ◊\´ ÅE Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçCEnglish ™.) Å™«Íí(b), (c), (d) ©™ èπÿú≈:

b) He is younger thanshe (is)

c) They aren't clevererthan we (are)

d) He is older than she (is)- É™« ´≤ƒh®·.≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ brackets ™ ÖçúË verbs (a)- am,(b)- is, (c)- are, (d)- is †’ omit îËÆæ’hçö«ç.Å®·ûË spoken English ™ É™«çöÀ sentences™ comparative ™ than ûª®√yûª me, us, him,her, them ¢√úøôç É°æ¤púø’ Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i-§Ú-®·çC. ÉC Â°ü¿l ûª°æ¤pí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’.´·êuçí¬, comparative ™ than ûª®√yûª both,all ™«çöÀN ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, we, they ©èπ◊ •ü¿’©’us, them áèπ◊\-´í¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ö«®·.

a) He is cleverer than all of us/ all of them.

b) He is cleverer than both of us/ both of them.É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx they, we èπ◊ü¿-®Ω-ü¿’-í∫ü∆?Positive degree ™ èπÿú≈ as ûª®√yûª, I, we, he,she, they •ü¿’©’ me, us, him, her, them- É¢Ëáèπ◊\´ NE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. OöÀE á´®Ω÷ ûª°æ¤pí¬°æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’.

a) He is as tall as I am/

He is as tall as me (both are correct)

b) She is as old as he/

She is as old as him. (both are correct)

c) They are as clever as we/ they are as cleveras us.

(Ééπ\úø ´÷vûªç as clever as us éÌçûª Å®Ω’üË)Å®·ûË éÌEo éÌEo îÓôx than I/ we/ he/ she/they èπ◊, than me/ us/ him/ her/ them èπÿÅ®√n©’ ûËú≈í¬ Öçö«®·. Å°æ¤púø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀdàC ¢√ú≈™ ûË©’a-éÓ-¢√L.

a) My sister likes my younger brother more than I.

´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ ØËE-≠æd-°æúË ü∆E-éπØ√o ´÷ sisteráèπ◊\´ É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC (´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ Ø√éπçõ‰ ´÷sister èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç).

b) My sister likes my younger more than me =

´÷ sister èπ◊ Ø√éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç.

c) He likes the mango more than she =

Éü¿l-JéÃ mango Åçõ‰ É≠ædç. é¬F Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª-E-éÀ-á-èπ◊\´ É≠ædç.

d) He likes the mango more than her =

Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈, ´÷N’úÕ °æçúøç-õ‰ØË Åûª-E-éÀ≠ædç.é¬•öÀd É™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç.Positive™ èπÿú≈ ÅçûË.

a) I don't like my brother as much as she =

Ç¢Á’ É≠æd-°æ-úøfçûªí¬ ØË†’ ´÷ brother †’ É≠æd°æ-úø†’.b) I don't like my brother as much as I like her.

´÷ brother éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’ Åçõ‰ØË Ø√éÀ≠ædç. Positive Comparative Superlative

Old Older Oldest

Elder Eldest

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: Old has two comparatives andtwo superlatives

Old èπ◊ È®çúø-®√n©’ éπü∆? ´ßª’ÂÆèπ◊\-´-®·†/§ƒûªü¿®·†. é¬•öÀd Older, Oldest ´ßª’ÂÆèπ◊\´ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπÿ, §ƒûª ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ´Ææ’h´¤©èπÿ ¢√úøû√ç.

1) a) Janaki is older than Lalitha

(Lalitha éπØ√o ñ«†éÀ Â°ü¿lC)b) Rama Rao is the oldest man in the village.

(Ç ví¬´’ç™ ®√´÷-®√´¤ Åçü¿-J™ Â°ü¿l)Â°j È®çúø’ ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ í∫’Jç*)

c) This house is older than yours =

F ÉçöÀ éπØ√o Ñ É©’x §ƒûªCd) This is the oldest building in the town -

Ñ Ü®ÓxE buildings ÅEoç-öÀ™ ÉC §ƒûªC.(c), (d) ´Ææ’h´¤©†’ í∫’Jç*

2. Old èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Comparative, Elder; ÉçéÓSuperlative eldest. OöÀ Å®Ωnç ´ßª’-Ææ’™ Â°ü¿lÅE ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Åçõ‰ È®çúø’ ´÷ô-©†÷, ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπ◊(Å°æ¤-úø-°æ¤úø’ ïçûª’-´¤-©èπ◊) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. ÅCèπÿú≈ äéπ èπ◊ô’ç-¶«-EéÀ îÁçC† ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’¢√úøû√ç.

a) Sri Rama was the eldest of the sons ofDasaratha. ü¿¨¡-®Ω-ü∑¿’E éÌúø’èπ◊™x X ®√´·-úøç-ü¿-J™Â°ü¿l – Same family ÅØËC îª÷úøçúÕ.

b) Dharmaraja was the eldest of the Pandavas.§ƒçúø-´¤-©ç-ü¿J™ üµ¿®Ωt-®√V Â°ü¿lElder ¢√úøéπç: Important: Elder ûª®√yûª thané¬F, to é¬F ¢√úøç. Comparative Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃéÀçC Nüµ¿çí¬ ¢√úøû√ç.

a) X®√-´·úø’ ©éπ~ t-ù’úÕ éπØ√o Â°ü¿l – Sri Rama was Lakshmana's elder.

(Elder than/ to Lakshmana é¬ü¿’)b) My uncle is my mother's elder -

´÷ ´÷´’ ´÷ Å´’t éπçõ‰ Â°ü¿l.c) My brother is my elder by two years

´÷ brother (Å†o) Ø√ éπØ√o È®çúË∞¡Ÿx Â°ü¿l. ÉD elder ¢√úË Nüµ¿ç.

´’J-éÌEo comparatives ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀ ûª®√yûªthan ®√ü¿’. to ´Ææ’hçC. Å™«çöÀ comparatives,Superior (íÌ°æp), Inferior (ûªèπ◊\´), Senior(´ßª’Ææ’™, Å†’-¶µº- ç™ Â°ü¿l), Junior (´ßª’-Ææ’™Å†’-¶µº- ç™ *†o), Prior (time ™ ´·çü¿’) Oô-EoöÀ ûª®√yûª 'to' ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. than ¢√úøç.

a) Imported cars are superior to Indian cars

¶µ«®Ωûª é¬®Ωx éπØ√o NüËQ é¬®Ω’x ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’b) A Collector is inferior to a Chief Secretary

´·êu é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz éπØ√o Collector ûªèπ◊\´ (£æ«Ùü∆™)c) He is senior to the others in the group

Ç •%çü¿ç™ Åûª†’ ´ßª’-Ææ’q™/ Å†’-¶µº-´ç™ Â°ü¿l.d) He was junior to me at College =

College ™ Åûª†’ Ø√ éÀçC Class ™ ÖçúË-¢√úø’.e) Even prior to his marriage he knew the girl.

(Åûª-EéÀ Â°RéÀ °æ‹®Ωy¢Ë’ Ç Å´÷t®· ûÁ©’Ææ’)Ñ N≠æ-ßª÷™‰ conversation at the beginning ofthe lesson ™ èπÿú≈ Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

a) I am slightly older than She/ her

b) A government officer's position is certainlysuperior to that of a home maker.

c) A home maker is no way inferior to an official

d) He is my elder

äéπ N≠æßª’ç: American English ™ elderbrother •ü¿’©’ older brother ûª®Ω-îª’í¬¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.

EXERCISEPratibha: O’ Éü¿l-J™ á´®Ω’ §Òúø’-í∫ç-ö«´¤, †’¢√y

ÅEû√?Pratima: ÅÆæ-©-®·ûË ÅEûË §Òúø’í∫’ Ø√éπçõ‰. é¬F

ûª†’ Ø√ éπçõ‰ ™«´-´ôç ´©x ØË†’ûª†éπçõ‰ §Òúø’í¬_ éπE-°œ≤ƒh.

Pratibha: ´’E-ü¿l-J™ á´®Ω’ §Òúø’-í∫ç-ö«´¤?Pratima: ÅüËç question? †’´¤y Ø√éπçõ‰ §Òúø’-í∫’-

éπü∆!Pratibha: ÅEûª àüÓ Slimming machine

éÌ†o-ô’xçC îª÷¨»¢√?Pratima: îª÷¨»†’. é¬F Åü¿çûª ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’. Ææ’Fûª

ü¿í∫_®Ω’†o machine ü∆E-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’-ÈíjçC.Pratibha: †’´‹y Ææ’Fûª î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«ûªçí¬

Öçö«®Ω’. O’®Ω’ classmates Å†’-èπ◊çö«.Pratima: é¬ü¿’. ØË†’ ü∆E-éπØ√o äéπ class áèπ◊\´.

´ßª’-Ææ’q™ èπÿú≈ äéπ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Â°ü¿lØË†’.

Pratibha: Å™«í¬. Å®·ûË Ñ Ü®Ω’ Féπçõ‰ ûª†èπ◊¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’ ´’J.

Pratima: ØË†’ ®√éπ-´·çüË ûªE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*açC.ANSWER

Pratibha: Who is the taller of you two? You orAnitha?

Pratima: Actually she is taller than me (I), butbecause she is fatter than me, I looktaller than her (she).

Pratibha: Who is the taller of us two?

Pratima: What question is that? You certainlyare taller than me (I)

Pratibha: Anita seems to have bought a slim-ming machine. Have you seen it?

Pratima: Yes, I have. But it isn't that good.Sunita's machine is superior to it.

Pratibha: You and Sunitha are close. Were youclassmates at College.

Pratima: No. I was senior to her by a year. Iam senior to her in age too by a year.

Pratibha: She knows this place better than you.

Pratima: She came here prior to my cominghere.

He was junior to me...-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 176-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ßª’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ --≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 26 -W-Ø˛ 2006

Sekhar: You are up so early. What's the mat-ter?

(àçôçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ™‰î√¢˛?)(be up = ¢Ë’™\-´ôç/ ™‰´ôç)

Venkat: Yes, I am. Infact I got up earlier thanyou by half an hour.

(Å´¤†’, ™‰î√†’. Féπçõ‰ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’™‰î√-E-¢√∞¡)

Sekhar: But, why? (áçü¿’èπ◊?)Venkat: Our lecturer is holding a special class

today. He insisted that everyone of usturned up for the class.

(É¢√∞¡ ´÷ lecturer special classÂ°úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. v°æA äéπ\®Ω÷ ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√-©Eí∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒpúø’.)

Insist = ÉEqÆˇd – 'Eq— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç =°æô’d-•-ôdúøç/ ã N≠æßª’ç™ í∫öÀdí¬ Öçúøôç

Sekhar: I don't know about you. But I am fedupwith these extra classes.

(F Ææçí∫A Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’-ü¿’-í¬F, Ø√èπ◊´÷vûªç Ñ extra classes Åçõ‰ NÆæ’í∫’°æ¤úø’ûÓçC.)

be fed up = NÆæ’-í∫-E-°œç-îªôçVenkat: Why so?

Sekhar: They rob us of our leisure.

(ÅN ´’†èπ◊ BJéπ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ îË≤ƒh®·.)Venkat: I am not with you there. They are use-

ful. I like them.

(ØË†’ Ç N≠æßª’ç ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îª†’. ÅN î√™«Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. Ø√éÀ≠ædç.)

Sekhar: Not me, any way. Why don't these lec-turers leave us alone?

(àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ´’†´÷Ø√† ´’†Lo äü¿-™Ô-îª’aí¬.)

Venkat: Who is forcing you? I find our lecturer'sclasses interesting. Infact everyonedoes. They feel the classes worthattending.

(EØÁo-´®Ω’ •©-´ç-ûª-Â°-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’? ´÷ lec-turer classes Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬Öçö«®·. Ø√Íé-é¬ü¿’, ´÷ é¬xÆˇ™ Åçü¿-JéÃÖ°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.)

Sekhar: When you attend special classes likethis, you are left with little time to study.

(É™« †’´¤y special classes èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡⁄hçõ‰Fèπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ time N’í∫-©ü¿’)

Venkat: You talk as though you didn't wastetime at all.

(†’¢Ëy-üÓ time waste îËßª’-†ô’x ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-¢ËçöÀ?)

Sekhar: Don't talk as if you were a sincere stu-dent.

(†’¢ËyüÓ •’Cl¥í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ØË Nü∆u-Jn™«´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊.)

Venkat: Far from that. All I wish to say is welose nothing if we attend extra classes.

(Å™« ÅE ØËØËç Å†-ôç-™‰ü¿’. ØË†’îÁÊ°p-ü¿™«x extra classes èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xôç ´©x´’†ç §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÌ-ØË-üËç-™‰-ü¿E.)

Sekhar: OK. OK. Have a good time in yourclass. Do by all means attend all class-es and get good marks. I shall behappy.

(ÆæÍ®. ÆæÍ®. ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ¢ÁR®√ class èπ◊.ÅEo classes èπÿ îªéπ\í¬ ¢ÁRx ´’ç*´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁîª’aéÓ. ØË†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ≤ƒh.)

Venkat: Don't be cross with me, buddy, I justlike to attend the class, and you don't.That's all.

(éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊ N’vûª´÷; Ø√Íé¢Á÷ class èπ◊¢Á∞¡xôç É≠ædç, FéÀ≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË.)

(buddy = friend)

Sekhar: OK.

Venkat: I am off (ØË ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o), Bye.

Clause Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– a group of wordswith a verb. (verb Ö†o ´÷ô© Ææ´‚£æ«ç).DEo í∫’Jç* Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç î√™« ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. É°æ¤púø’ verb ™‰E group of wordsí∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.A group of words without a verb is aPHRASE.

Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs ¥ç™ ´’†ç í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓ-¢√-Lq†N≠æ-ßª÷©’: Ñ éÀçCN verbs é¬´¤.

i) Infinitive (to + 1st RDW - to go, to come, tosing, to walk, etc)

ii) '-ing form' (walking, singing, going, coming,etc.) (- ing form ´·çü¿’ 'be' form Öçõ‰, beform + ing form éπLÆœ verb Å´¤-ûª’çC. amcoming, was going, will be dancing, etc.)

iii) past participle (done, sung, seen, etc.) ÉN-èπÿú≈ verbs é¬´¤. Å®·ûË be form + past par-ticiple combination, verb (passive voice) Å´¤-ûª’çC. Å™«Íí have/ has/ had/ will have/ shallhave + past participle èπÿú≈ verb Å´¤-ûª’çC.English ™ î√™« phrasal verbs, verbs ûª®√yûªprepositions îË®Ωaôç ´©x à®Ωp-úø-û√®·: sit on achair, get into a bus; put on shirt, put off anevent, etc.

É™«çöÀ phrasal verbs È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬©’:1) Phrasal verbs ™ Ö†o verb, ü∆E ûª®√y-ûª

preposition ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËN. (sit on a chair,jump over the wall etc.)

2) verb + preposition ´©x à®Ωp-úÕ† phrasal verbÅ®√n-EéÃ, Åçü¿’™E verb, preposition Å®√n-EéÃáéπ\ú≈ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËN.eg: He put off his trip.

(-Å-ûª-úø’ ûª† v°æßª÷-ù«Eo ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.)Ééπ\úÕ phrasal verb - put off. îª÷úøçúÕ. put Å®√n-EéÃ, off Å®√n-EéÃ, ¢√öÀE éπL°œ put off ÅE ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆E Å®√n-EéÀ (¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëßª’ôç) áéπ\ú≈Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. É™«çöÀ phrasal verbs Å®√n-©’practice ´©x, Åçõ‰ ¶µ«≠æûÓ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’çÂ°çîª’-éÓ-´ôç ´©xØË ûÁ©’-≤ƒh®·. ÅN ´’†çspoken English ™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ¶µ«≠æ î√™«Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. ¢√öÀ™ éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç.Now look at the following expressionsfrom the conversation at the beginning ofthe lesson.

1) I got up earlier than you

2) You are up so early

3) I am fed up with these extra classes

4) They rob us of our leisure

5) I am not with you

6) Why don't these lecturers leave us alone?

7) You are left with little time

8) I am off

The word groups underlined are allphrasal verbs:

1) I got up earlier than you = Féπçõ‰ ØË†’ ´·çü¿’™‰î√†’. get up î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ Evü¿-™‰-´ôç ÅØËÅ®Ωnç™ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. get up ¢Ë’™\-´ôç -Å-ØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ, wake up éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç. When do you wake up everyday éπçõ‰, Whendo you get up everyday áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç.

5) I am not with you there =

Ç N≠æ-ßª’ç™ ØË†’ FûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª†’.

ÉC î√™« simple and useful expression.

be with some one = äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œp-†-ü∆-EûÓàéÃ¶µºNç-îªôç/ äéπJo Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç. (äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçCÅ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç èπÿú≈)a) I am with the government in ending child

marriages = ¶«©u N¢√-£æ…--©-†’ ÅJéπõ‰dN≠æ-ßª’ç™ ØË†’ v°æ¶µº’-û√yEo Ææ´’-Jn-≤ƒh†’.

b) He is totally with his friend on that issue =Ç N≠æ-ßª’ç™ Åûª†’ °æ‹Jhí¬ ÅûªEÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úÕûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-N-≤ƒhúø’.

c) He is with her upto the point of marryingher, but not without his parents consent

Ç¢Á’†’ Â°Rx-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ßª’ç-´-®Ωèπ◊ ä°æ¤p-éÌç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ é¬E, ÅûªE ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© Ææ´’tA ™‰èπ◊çú≈´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’.

6) Why don't these lecturers leave us alone?

Leave alone ÅØËC English conversation ™ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-°œçîË ´÷ô. Å®Ωnç = Ć-™‰-ßª’ôç,disturb îËßª’-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç, á´J ´÷Ø√† ¢√∞¡x†’Ć-™‰-ßª’ôç ÅE.

a) Please leave mealone. I am study-ing. = †ØÌo-C-™„ß’.ØË†’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.(Don't disturb me.)

b) Leave moviesalone. Get goingwith your studies

ÆœE´÷© N≠æßª’çĆ-™‰ß’ (á°æ¤púø÷ ÅüËØ√?) îªü¿’´¤ Ææçí∫Aîª÷Ææ’éÓ.

c) Leave alone which party is good.

Let's talk of something else - à §ƒKd´’ç*-ü¿ØË N≠æßª’ç Ć-™„ß’. ÉçÍé N≠æ-ßª’-¢Á’iØ√´÷ö«x-úøü∆ç.

7) be left with/ leave with: N’í∫-©ôç (time,money, food, etc. ™«çöÀN)a) There is a little milk left in the glass = glass

™ é¬Ææh §ƒ©’ N’T-™«®·.b) His work at office leaves him (with) little

time for his family

ÅûªE office °æE èπ◊ô’ç-•çûÓ í∫úø-°æ-ö«-EéÀ é¬Ææhtime èπÿú≈ N’í∫-©aü¿’.

c) Hurry up. We are left with just an hour tofinish this whole work = ûªy®Ωí¬ é¬F. ¢Á·ûªhç-°æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ßª’-ö«-EéÀ äéπ í∫çô ´÷vûª¢Ë’N’T-LçC.

d) That leaves you with the only option ofgoing = ¢Á∞Ï äÍé E®Ωg-ßª’¢Ë’ Fèπ◊ N’T-LçC.

8) I am off = ØË†’ ¢ÁR§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.Phrase= to be off.

´’†ç ¢Á∞¡xôç éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i†°æ¤púø’, Éçéπ ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ Åçô’çö«ç. I am off. ØË†’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ßª÷†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.É´Fo conversation ™ daily life ™ ûª®Ωîª÷NE-°œçîË expressions. ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËÆœO©-®·-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úøçúÕ. ÉN î√™« simpleexpressions. éπ≠ædç é¬èπÿ-úøü¿’. It shouldn't bedifficult.

There are some other expressions in the

conversation between Sekhar and Venkat.

They are not phrasal verbs, but useful

expressions. Learn them as well.

1) Insist = °æô’d-•-ôdúøç – Know how to use it.

Insist ûª®√yûª on ´ÊÆh, ü∆E ûª®√yûª noun é¬F'...ing' form é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.a) The teacher insists on silence in the class

é¬xÆæ’™ E¨¡z•lç N≠æ-ßª’ç™ teacher °æô’d-ü¿©í¬ÖØ√oúø’. (Insist + on + silence (n)

b) I insist on starting immediately

¢ÁçôØË •ßª’-©’-üË-®√-©ØËüË Ø√ °æô’d-ü¿© (Insist + on + starting (ing form)

Insist ¢√úø-ôç™ Â°j È®çúø÷ (Nouns/ ...ing)

form é¬éπ-§ÚûË, that clause ¢√úÌîª’a.c) The teacher insists that the students

remain silent. Students silent í¬ Öçú≈-©EÇßª’† °æô’d-ü¿©.(... that the students remain

silent - that clause éπü∆?)

d) He insists that we follow his orders.

He insists on our following his orders. ÅûªEÇïc©’ ´’†ç §ƒöÀç-î√-©E °æô’d-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.(He insists + that clause = He insists on +

ing form í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ)2) As though/ as if =

DE Å®Ωnç, Å®·-†ô’x, é¬F é¬ü¿’.You talk as if you didn't waste time at all =

†’¢ËyüÓ ÅÆæ©’ time waste îËßª’-†õ‰x ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-¢ËçöÀ? (†’´¤y time waste îË≤ƒh´¤)Ééπ\úø 'as if' clause ™ verb í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. – did

waste (didn't waste) - past tense éπü∆. ÅDimportant. ÉC-°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω-í∫-ôç-™‰ü¿’ é¬•öÀd, past

tense ´Ææ’hçC. singular subject ûÓ èπÿú≈ were

´Ææ’hçC.a) He feels as if I were responsible for his

troubles - ÅûªE éπ≥ƒd-©èπ◊ ØËØËüÓ é¬®Ω-ù-¢Á’i-†ô’x(é¬F é¬ü¿’) Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.

b) He behaves as though he could not get on

without servants

servants ™‰éπ-§ÚûË •ûª-éπ-™‰-†-†oô’x v°æ´-Jh-≤ƒhúø’.c) She talks as though she were born rich =

°æ¤ôd-úø¢Ë’ üµ¿E-èπ◊-®√-Lí¬ °æ¤öÀd-†ô’x ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’çC.3) Far from it: ÉC èπÿú≈ î√™« common expres-

sion. DE Å®Ωnç, ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC correct é¬ü¿E.Pranav: Is he a good player?

(-Å-ûªúø’ ´’ç* -Ç-ôí¬-ú≈?)

Prabhat: Far from it. (é¬ØË é¬ü¿’)(Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°æ¤h-†oC, é¬ØË é¬ü¿’ Å†-ö«-EéÀ farfrom it Åçö«ç.

'Is Vijayawada a cool place?

(Nï-ßª’-¢√úø îª©xöÀ v°æüË-¨¡´÷?)far from it. (é¬ØË é¬ü¿’)Ñ expressions ¶«í¬ practice îËÆœ O’ con-versation ™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøçúÕ. î√™« simple í¬effective í¬ Öçô’çC.

I am not with you there

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 177-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 28 -W-Ø˛ 2006

Navya: I'm afraid I can't stay here any longer.

(ØËEçéπ Ééπ\úø Öçúø-™‰-†-E-°œ-≤ÚhçC.)Divya: Why? What happened?

(áçü¿’èπ◊? à¢Á’içC?)Navya: The food here doesn't agree with me.

(Ééπ\úÕ Ç£æ…®Ωç Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJ-°æ-úøôç ™‰ü¿’)Divya: Anything again?

(´’S à´’Ø√o Å®·uçü∆?)Navya: Yea. Last night as I reached our rooms,

I threw up all the food I had eaten. Thefood in the restaurant upset me.

(Å´¤†’. E†o-®√vA ´’† room èπ◊ AJT ®√í¬ØË,Ç restaurant ™ A†oü¿çû√ ¢√çûª-®·-§Ú-®·çC. Åéπ\úÕ AçúÕ Ø√èπ◊ éπúø’°æ¤ AÊ°p-ÆœçC)

Divya: So you want to pack up

(é¬•öÀd ¢ÁR-§Ú-û√-†ç-ö«¢√?)Navya: Yes. I can't get on any more with this

kind of food. I am afraid of permanentdamage to my health.

(Å´¤†’. É™«çöÀ food ûÓ ØË†’ í∫úø-°æôçéπ≠ædç. Ø√ Ç®Óí∫uç ¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬ üÁ•s-Aç-ô’ç-üË-¢Á÷-†E ¶µºßª’çí¬ ÖçC.)

Divya: Does it mean you want to give up yourjob, just because the food here is not toyour liking? Come now, Navya, youcan't be so silly as to throw a good jobup as yours and go away.

(Ééπ\úÕ AçúÕ ÆæJ-°æ-úø-†çûª ´÷vû√† ´’ç*ÖüÓuí∫ç Ć-™‰Æœ ¢ÁR-§Ú-û√-†ç-ö«¢√? Fèπ◊†oÅçûª-´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç Ć-™‰Æœ ¢ÁR-§Ú-ßË’çûªûÁL-N-ûª-èπ◊\´ °æ-E-îË-ßª’èπ◊)

Navya: There's no use your keeping as tellingme to adjust with the food here. I've hadenough of it. I have to go.

(Ééπ\úÕ AçúÕûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊§Ú ÅE †’´¤y ´÷öÀ-´÷-öÀéÃ Å†ôç ´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’. Ééπî√©’. ØË¢Á-Rx-§Ú-¢√-LqçüË)

Divya: I still don't understand why you wish to leave.

(†’´¤y ¢ÁR-§Ú-¢√-©E áçü¿’éπ-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢ÓÉçé¬ Ø√éπ®Ωnç é¬´-ôç-™‰ü¿’)

Navya: If only you went through, what I havebeen through, you wouldn't be here fora minute, job or no job.

(Ø√ Å†’-¶µº-´¢Ë’ Fèπ◊çõ‰ †’¢Ìy-éπ\-éπ~ùç èπÿú≈Ééπ\úø Öçúø´¤)

Divya: So you have made up your mind toleave.

(Å®·ûË ¢Á∞¡-ú≈EÍé E¨¡a-®·ç-îª’-èπ◊-Ø√o-´-†o-´÷ô)

Navya: That's it. (ÅçûË)Divya: You can cook for yourself and avoid eat-

ing out.

(†’´¤y ´çúø’-éÓ-´-îª’a-éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ •ßª’ôA†ôç ´÷ØË-ßÁ·îª’a)

Navya: That's impossible for me. (Ø√ ´©x é¬ü¿’)Divya: Ok

´’†ç phrasal verbs í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oçéπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆ ÑPhrasal verbs Å®Ωnç, ¢√úøéπç practice ´™«x, îªü¿-´ôç ´™«x ´Ææ’hçC. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ àüÁjØ√ ´’ç* dic-tionary ™ àüÁjØ√ ´÷ôèπ◊/ ´·êuçí¬ verb èπ◊Å®Ωnç îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆E-éÀçü¿ Ç verb, ü∆E ûª®√yûª´îËa preposition èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.

Now look at the following phrasal verbs inthe conversation between Divya and Navya.

1) The food here doesn't agree with me.

2) I threw up all the food I had eaten.

3) So you want to pack up.

4) I can't get on any more.

5) Does it mean you want to give up your job?

6) You can't be so silly as to throw a good job up ...

7) There's no use keep on telling me.

8) If only you went through what I have beenthrough.

9) You have made up your mind.

Â°j† underline îËÆœ† ´Fo phrasal verbs. Let'snow know their meanings and uses.

1) The food here doesn't agree with me.

The phrasal verb here is agree with. weknow the usual meaning of 'agree with'.D†®Ωnç, äéπJûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªôç/ ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îªôç.(The father doesn't agree with his son on thetype of house they want to buy - á™«çöÀ É©’xéÌØ√©ØË N≠æ-ßª’ç™ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ àé¬-Gµ-v§ƒßª’ç ™‰ü¿’)Å®·ûË, Ééπ\úÕ expression: The food doesn'tagree with me - Ééπ\úø agree with èπ◊ Å®Ωnç 'ÆæJ-°æ-úøôç ™‰ü¿’— (does not suit) ÅE.

a) The climate here doesn't agree with me -Ééπ\úÕ ¢√û√-´-®Ωùç Ø√èπ◊ °æúø-ôç-™‰ü¿’.

b) Hot stuff doesn't agree with her

áèπ◊\´ é¬®Ω°æ¤ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ °æúø´¤.

Â°j expressions ÅEoç-öÀ™ not agree with®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.°æúøü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË ÉNáèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç.

2) I threw up all thefood I had eaten =

A†o-ü¿çû√ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Ééπ\úÕ phrasal verb: throw up = ¢√çA îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç = vomit. Å®·ûË vomit éπØ√o throw upÅØËC better, vomit é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç. throw upÅØËC ¢√u´-£æ…-Jéπç. Spoken English ™ throwup ÅØËüË ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.a) She was sick after eating the cake. she

threw up = cake A†-í¬ØË Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¢Áí∫ô’°æ¤öÀdçC. ¢ÁçôØË ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊çC.(sick = 'ï•’s— ÅE ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç. Sick Åçõ‰¢Áí∫ô’/ ¢√çA éπLÍí feeling ÅE èπÿú≈ î√™«ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç)

b) The child is throwing up the milk=

§ƒ©†’ éπÍé\-≤ÚhçC.3) So you want to pack up = Ééπ\úÕ phrasal

verb, to pack up. D†®Ωnç v°æßª÷-ù«-EéÀ/ ¢ÁR§Ú´-ö«-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úøôç. (Â°õ‰d ¶‰ú≈ Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´ôç)a) He has packed up =

¢ÁR-§Ú-ßË’ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖØ√oúø’.b) When are you packing up? =

†’´¤y á°æ¤p-úÁ-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o´¤?c) We are waiting for him to pack up =

Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«hú≈ ÅE îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç.4) I can't get on any more =

phrasal verb- to get on = ≤ƒT-§Ú-´ôç/ éÌ†-≤ƒ-í∫ôç/ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-´ôç/ ïJ-T-§Ú-´ôç – É™«çöÀ Å®√n-©ûÓ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd 'get on' ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç.I can't get on any more =

Éçéπ É™« éÌ†-≤ƒ-í∫-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.a) Pranav: How is your new job?

(F éÌûªh ÖüÓuí∫ç á™« ÖçC?)

Prakash: (I'm) getting on well. No prob-

lem. (¶«í¬ØË ÖçC, Ææ´’-Ææu™‰ç ™‰´¤/ÖüÓuí∫ç ¶«í¬ØË îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√o.)

b) Sudheer: How are you, Sumant? Long

time since we met.

(á™« ÖØ√o´¤? éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E î√™«®ÓV-©-®·çC)

Sumant: Just getting on

(àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC.)c) Stop talking and get on with the work.

´÷ô-™«°œ °æE éÌ†≤ƒ-Tç-îªçúÕ.5) Does it mean you want to give up your job.

Phrasal verb - give up = ´÷ØË-ßª’ôç,Ć-™‰-ßª’ôç, ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-´ôç, ÇÊ°-ßª’ôç.a) She wants to give up her job and start

business =

ÖüÓuí∫ç Ć-™‰Æœ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç îËßª÷-©-†’-éÌç-öçC.

b) He hasn't given up smoking in spite of hisdoctor's advice =

Doctor ´ü¿l-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ Åûª†’ smoking ´÷†-™‰ü¿’.c) He gave up his rights to the property =

ÇÆœhÂ°j ûª† £æ«èπ◊\©’ ´ü¿’-©’-éÌ-Ø√oúø’.d) He gave up his attempts =

v°æßª’-û√o©’ ÇÊ°-¨»úø’.6) You want to throw a good job up – Ééπ\úø

phrasal verb - throw a job up = job ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-´ôç. (Éçü∆éπ throw up Åçõ‰ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. ÖüÓuí∫ç/Å´-é¬¨¡ç ™«çöÀN ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-´ôç èπÿú≈ throw up.)

a) Who will throw up such a good job? =

Åçûª ´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç á´®Ω’ ´÷†’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?/´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?

b) He threw up a good job and a good familyand took to drinking. =

´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç, Ææç≤ƒ®Ωç ÅFo ´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊Eû√í∫’úø’ ¢Á·ü¿-©’-Â°-ö«dúø’.

7) There's no use keeping on telling me toadjust with the food =

üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’†o AçúÕûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ò-´’tE îÁ•’ûª÷Öçúøôç ´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’.Keep on doing something =

äéπ °æE-E ÅüË-°æ-Eí¬ îËÆæ÷h Öçúøôç.a) He keeps on smoking though his health is bad =

Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í¬-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, smoke îËÆæ÷hØË Öçö«úø’.b) Though the teacher punished him, he

keeps on talking =

Teacher ¢√úÕE PéÀ~ç-*Ø√, ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª÷ØËÖçö«úø’.Å®·ûË present day English ™ keep ûª®√yûªon Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. He keeps on talking(= He continues to talk) = He keeps talking.

c) Don't keep asking me silly questions =

°œ*a °œ*a v°æ¨¡o©’ Åúø’-í∫’ûª÷ Öçúøèπ◊8) If only you went through, what I have

been through. D†®Ωnç, ØË†-†’-¶µº-Nç-*† éπ≥ƒd©’,†’ý-†’-¶µº-NÊÆh ÅE. Ééπ\úø, phrasal verbs, 1) togo through, 2) to be through.

a) Pratap: I had a lot of difficulty getting theMRO's certificate.

(MRO ü¿í∫_®Ω certificate ûÁîª’a-éÓ-´ôçØ√èπ◊ î√™« éπ≠æd-´’-®·çC.)

Pramod: I have been through all that/ Ihave gone through all that =

ØË†- Fo Å†’-¶µº-Nç-î√†’.I know how difficult it is =

ÅC áçûª éπ≠æd¢Á÷ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.b) He is going through a difficult period in his

life =

Åûª†’ î√™« éπ≠æd Ææ´’ßª’ç Å†’-¶µº-N-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.c) I don't want my son to go through the diffi-

cult I have gone through =

ØË†-†’-¶µº-Nç-*† éπ≥ƒd©’ ´÷ Å¶«s®· Å†’-¶µº-Nç-îªôç Ø√éÀ-≠ædç-™‰ü¿’.Å®·ûË go through Åçõ‰ îªü¿-´ôç ÅE èπÿú≈ÖçC.

a) Did you go through the paper today?

É¢√Rd paper îªC-¢√¢√?b) The CM has to go through the committee's

report.

éπN’-öÃ report CM Éçé¬ îªü¿-¢√Lq ÖçC.9) You have made up your mind.

†’´¤y E®Ωg-®·ç-îª’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤. Ééπ\úø verb - makeup ones mind - E®Ωg-®·ç-îª’-éÓ-´ôç

a) Please make up your mind whether to goor not = ¢Á∞«™ ´üÓl E®Ωg-®·ç-îª’-éÓçúÕ.

b) I have made up my mind to buy that car =Ç car éÌØËç-ü¿’Íé E®Ωg-®·ç-îª’-èπ◊Ø√o.

éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ É*a† phrasal verbs, Ñ les-son ™ É*a† phrasal verbs, spoken English™ î√™« common í¬ NE-°œç-îË¢Ë. OöÀE ¶«í¬practice îËßª’çúÕ. Åçü¿’-´©x *†o-*†o sen-tences ûÓ O’ conversation Åçü¿çí¬, Å®Ωn-´ç-ûªçí¬ Öçô’çC.

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English.

Mahesh: ØË†’ wash basin ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞Ï-Ææ-JéÀ, §ƒ°æçÅûª†’ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.

Naresh: á´®Ω’?Mahesh: ÉçÈé-´®Ω’, Ramesh. E†oöÀ †’ç* Ø√éÃ

AçúÕ-°æ-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’ ÅE complain îËÆæ÷hØËÖØ√o-úø’-í∫ü∆?

Naresh: ´’†ç ¶«í¬ØË Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√oç éπü∆?Mahesh: Åûª†’ áèπ◊\´ coffee û√í∫’-û√úø’. Åçü¿’-

´©x éÌçîÁç áèπ◊\´ AØ√o ¢Áí∫-ô-E-°œ-Ææ’hçC.Naresh: ÅüËçö Ç é¬°∂‘ Å™« û√í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«úø’.

ÅC ÇÊ°-ü∆é¬, ÅûªE °æJ-Æœn-AçûË.ANSWER

Mahesh: When I went to the wash basin thepoor fellow (§ƒ°æç Åûª†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ)was throwing up.

Naresh: Who?

Mahesh: Who else? Ramesh. He has beencomplaining since yesterday that thisfood doesn't agree with him.

Naresh: But we are able to get on with thefood.

Mahesh: He takes too much of coffee. That'swhy even if he eats a little too much,he feels sick.

Naresh: He keeps as drinking coffee. Until hegives it up, his condition will be likethis.

The food here doesn't agree with me-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 178-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 30 -W-Ø˛ 2006

Sharath: Hi Vasanth, I look forward to the study

tour we are going on, this weekend.

(Ñ¢√®Ωç *´®Ω ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’†o study

tour á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤pú≈ ÅE áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hØ√o.)Vasanth: So do I, but am a bit worried about

mother. She has taken ill suddenly.

Dad is away on camp and will be

back only this weekend.

(Ø√èπÿ Ææ®Ω-ü∆-í¬ØË ÖçC. é¬E ´÷ Å´’tèπ◊Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ ï•’s îËÆœçC. ´÷ Ø√†o camp

†’ç* ¢√®√ç-ûª¢Ë’ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’)Sharath: So you are worried who will look after

her if we start before your father

comes, aren't you?

(´’†ç O’ father ®√´-ú≈-EéÀ ´·çüË •ßª’-©’-üË-JûË O’ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊á´®Ω÷ Öçúø-®ΩE éπü∆ F ¶«üµ¿?)

Vasanth: Exactly. But I've called my elder sister

and told her of the situation. I told her

to come here two days before our

departure.

(Å´¤†’. ´÷ Åéπ\èπ◊ Phone îËÆœ îÁ§ƒp†’.´’†ç •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ö«-EéÀ È®çúø’ ®ÓV©’´·çü¿’-®Ω- ’tE.)

Sharath: That's a good idea. (¶«í¬ØË ÖçC)Vasanth: I called dad and he came up with the

idea.

(´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ ØË†’ phone îËÊÆh Çßª’-†-éÌ-*açD idea)

Sharath: I am happy you are making it, after

all. I was afraid you might not come.

(§ÚF™‰, àüË-¢Á’iØ√ †’¢Ìy-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤ ÆæçûÓ≠æç.†’´¤y ®√¢Ë-¢Á÷-†E ¶«üµ¿-°æú≈f)

Vasanth: I am coming, of course. But the trou-

ble is my sister's son. He goes to

school. He can be a handful.

(ØË†’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oØËx. Å®·ûË ´÷ Åéπ\ éÌúø’ÍéÆæ´’Ææu. ¢√úø’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. éÌçîÁçÅ©x-È®-èπ◊\´.)

Sharath: I've seen him. He takes after your sis-

ter, doesn't he?

(ØË†’ ¢√úÕo îª÷¨»ØËx. Åîªaç O’ Åéπ\ §ÚLÍééπü∆?)

Vasanth: Only in features. In traits he takes

after his dad. Quite mischievous.

(Çé¬®Ωç, ®Ω÷°æ¤ Í®ê-™xØË. ©éπ~-ù«-©Fo ¢√∞¡xØ√†o¢Ë. Å©x-È®-èπ◊\´.)

features = ´·ê éπ´-R-éπ©’, ®Ω÷°æ¤ Í®ê©’. traits = ©éπ~-ù«©’, í∫’ù«©’

Sharath: By the way, you know, Vinod showed

up suddenly yesterday. He is prepar-

ing for the civils exam this year. He

has been in Hyderabad for six months

now.

(Å†oô’x E†o Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ Vinod éπE-°œç-î√úø’. ¢√úø’ civils èπ◊ prepare Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. Ç®Ω’-ØÁ-©-©’í¬ Hyderabad ™ØËÖØ√oúø’)

Vasanth: Yea. I know. I met him when I went to

Hyderabad. He put up at his uncle's

for a few days. He said he would be

taking rooms, and moving into them.)

(Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ØË†’ Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛èπ◊¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Åûª-†-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo-®Ó-V©’ ¢√∞¡x ´÷´’ßª’u Éçöx ÖØ√oúø’.ûªy®Ω™ rooms îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊E ´÷®Ω-û√-†-Ø√oúø’)

Sharath: So he did. My cousin and he are room

mates.

(Å´¤†’ ´÷ cousin, Åûª†’ room

mates.)

In this lesson too, we continue our study

of phrasal verbs. We have in the last two

lessons seen some of them commonly

used in conversation. Let us now look at

some more of them.

Now look at the following expressions at

the beginning of the lesson between

Sharath and Vasanth.

1) I look forward to the study tour.

2) She has taken ill suddenly.

3) ... who will look after her if we ...

4) I called dad and he came up with the idea.

5) I am happy you are making it after all.

6) He can be a handful.

7 a) He takes after your sister, doesn't he?

b) In traits he takes after his dad.

8) Vinod showed up suddenly yesterday.

9) He put up at his uncle's place.

1) I look forward to the

study tour.

Look forward to=

ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ/ Çûª%-ûªûÓáü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøôç. Look

forward to ûª®√yûªnoun é¬F, ...ing form

é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.a) He is looking forward to the match=

Åûª†’ match á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤pú≈ ÅE áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Match - noun.

b) He is looking forward to participating in the

match.

Match ™ á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ §ƒ™Ô_ç-ü∆´÷ ÅEáü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Participating- 'ing' form.

(Look forward to ûª®√yûª 1st RDW ®√ü¿’. He

is looking forward to meet you – ûª°æ¤p)2) She has taken ill suddenly.

To take ill= to fall ill= ï•’s-°æ-úøôç (Ç¢Á’ Å†’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ï•’s °æúÕçC)

a) He took ill after eating the food on the

train=

È®j™x Ç£æ…®Ωç A†oç-ü¿’-´©x Åûª-EéÀ ï•’s îËÆœçC. b) If you go out in the cold you may take ill=

îªL™ AJ-TûË ï•’s îËßª’-´îª’a.3) Who will look after her ...?

To look after= to take care of= to care for=

(®Óí∫’-©èπ◊, °œ©x-©èπ◊, ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ etc) Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’îËßª’ôç/ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç

a) When I fell ill, my sister looked after me=

Ø√èπ◊ Ææ’Æ‘hí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ´÷ sister îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çC.(Ææ°æ®Ωu©’ îËÆœçC)

b) There is none to look after the child=

Gúøf†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’.c) He is an important guest. Look after him

well=

Åûªúø’ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅAC∑, ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ îª÷Ææ’éÓ.

4) I called dad and he came up with the idea.

To come up with= á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ Ç™-îª†Éýôç.He came up with the idea that we could get

the accommodation by bribing the TC=

TC îËA™ àüÁjØ√ Â°úÕûË seats üÌ®Ω-éπ-´-îª’a-†ØËÇ™-îª† Åûª-E-î√aúø’.Accommodation= 1) Train/ bus ©™ seats,

berths; 2) ´ÆæA.5) I am happy you are making it after all.

(†’´¤y ®√í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç)To make it to= Ñ expression î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i-†C. Å®Ωnç à °æØÁjØ√ îËßª’-í∫-©-í∫ôç.a) He made it to the IAS=

IAS ™ îË®Ω-í∫-L-í¬úø’/ îË®√úø’.

b) The team made it to the finals, after all=

àüÁj-ûËØËç, team finals èπ◊ îË®Ω’-éÓ-í∫-L-TçC/îË®Ω’-èπ◊çC.

c) I doubt if he can make it to the place on

time=

¢√úø’ time èπ◊ Åéπ\úø îË®Ω’-éÓ-í∫-©-í∫úøç Ø√éπ-†’-´÷-†¢Ë’.d) Election ™ Èí©-´-í∫-L-í¬úø’=

He made it to the seat.

6) He can be a handful = Åûª†’ Ææ´’Ææu é¬í∫-©úø’.To be a handful= á´-È®jØ√, ´·êuçí¬ °œ©x©’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©èπ◊ Ææ´’Ææu Å®·ûË, he/ she is a handful

Åçö«ç. Handful í¬ Ö†o °œ©x-©†’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©Åü¿’§ƒ-ïc™x Öçîªôç éπ≠ædç.a) Purnima: Can't your sister lend a hand

with the cooking?

O’ sister Fèπ◊ ´çô™ ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-™‰ü∆?(lend a hand = ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’ôç.He lent me a hand with tidying up the home=

É©’x ÆæJl Å´’-®Ωa-ôç™ Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’çîË¨»úø’.)

Chitra: She can't. Her two children are a

handful for her.

îËßª’-™‰ü¿’. Ç¢Á’ Éü¿l®Ω’ °œ©x-©ûÓ ¢Ëí∫-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçCb) The boy is a handful for the teacher =

Ç teacher èπ◊ Ç °œ™«xúø’ Â°ü¿l Ææ´’Ææu. ÇN-úøèπ◊¢√úÕûÓ ¢Ëí∫ôç éπ≠ædç.

[Handful = 1) éÌEo ´÷vûª¢Ë’/ éÌCl-´’çC ´÷vûª¢Ë’. 2) îËA-Eçú≈ – Ñ È®çúø’ Å®√n©’Ø√o®·.

a) Only a handful of students were present =

éÌCl- ’çC students ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´î√a®Ω’.b) He has a handful of grapes =

¢√úÕ îËA-Eçú≈ vü∆éπ~ °æçúø’x-Ø√o®·.]7 a) He takes after your sister, doesn't he?

O’ Åéπ\ßª’u §ÚLéπ éπü∆, ¢√∞¡x-¶«s®·?b) In traits he takes after his dad

©éπ~-ù«™x ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o §ÚLéπ.To take after = to resemble = §ÚL Öçúøôç

a) Children usually take after their parents =

°œ©x©’ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ §ÚL Öçö«®Ω’.b) In features she takes after her mother, but

in traits she takes after her father. =

Ç Å´÷t®· ®Ω÷°æç™ ûªLxE, í∫’ù«™x ûªçvúÕE§ÚL ÖçC.

c) In being tall, he takes after his grand father

§Òúø’-í∫’™, ¢√∞¡x û√ûª†’ §ÚL ÖØ√oúø’/§Òúø’-í∫’™ ¢√∞¡x û√ûË Åûªúø’.

8) Vinod showed up suddenly yesterday.

NØÓü˛ Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ E†o v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-ßª÷uúø’/éπE-°œç-î√úø’.a) After weeks of absence, she showed up

yesterday=

¢√®√© ûª®√yûª, E†o éπE-°œç-*ç-ü∆¢Á’.

b) Kumar shows up at the least expected

moment =

´’†èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úø-û√-úøE Å†’-éÓE Ææ´’-ßª’ç™èπ◊´÷®˝ v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-´¤-û√úø’.

c) Sekhar promised to be here last sunday,

but he hasn't showed up so far =

éÀçü¿öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç Ééπ\úø Öçö«-††o Sekhar,

É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’Sx éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’/ Åçûª’-™‰úø’.d) He hasn't showed up for the class.

Åûª†’ class èπ◊ ®√™‰ü¿’.9) He put up at his uncle's place (for a few

days).

¢√∞¡x uncle Éçöx û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’.To put up = (à éÌCl ®ÓV-©éÓ) •Ææ îËßª’ôç,Hotel, lodge ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x.a) They put up at the nearest lodge, after get-

ting off the train =

Train Cí∫-í¬ØË, station èπ◊ ÅA ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†olodge ™ •Ææ-îË-¨»®Ω’/ Cí¬®Ω’.

b) As she had nobody known to her in the

city, she put up at a hotel.

†í∫-®Ωç™ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ω÷ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ Ç¢Á’hotel™ CTçC.

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: äéπ-JéÀ ´ÆæA îª÷°œç-îªôç = put some one up:

a) I put my friend up in our spare bed room =

´÷ friend èπ◊ ´÷ Éçöx ë«Sí¬ Ö†o bed-

room ™ ´ÆæA Éî√a†’.b) He put me up in his uncle's place =

Ø√èπ◊ ¢√∞¡x uncle Éçöx ´ÆæA éπLpç-î√úø’.ÉN î√™« common phrasal verbs conversa-

tion™. ¶«í¬ practice îËßª’çúÕ.

He can be a handful-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 179-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -Ç-C¢√®Ωç 2 --V-™„j 2006

ttt

Bhagat: Hi Jagat, why are you putting on a newshirt and a new pair of trousers?

(àçöÀ ïí∫û˝, éÌûªh shirt, éÌûªh pants¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤. àçöÀ N¨Ï≠æç?)

Jagat: Today is my birthday.

(É¢√∞¡ Ø√ °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV).Bhagat: Many happy returns of the day. But

why not a word of it to me earlier? I'dhave had the pleasure of presentingyou something.

(†’Oy °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ï®Ω’°æ¤éÓ-¢√-©EØ√ éÓJéπ. é¬F †’Oy N≠æßª’ç Ø√ûÓ äéπ\-´÷ô èπÿú≈ Å†-™‰ü¿’. FÍé-üÁjØ√ é¬†’-éÀ*aÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úË-¢√úÕo éπü∆?)

Jagat: That's precisely why I've put off tellingyou of it until now. I am against receiv-ing birth day gifts. First of all, I am notfor celebrating my birthday.

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Åçü¿’-´™‰x Fèπ◊ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊îÁ°æpôç ¢√®·ü∆¢Ë¨»†’. °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV é¬†’-éπ©’Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªôç Ø√éπçûª É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’°æ¤öÀd† -®Ó-V-†’ °æç-úøí∫í¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´ôç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊.)

Bhagat: That's rather odd. I've come acrossvery few that don't celebrate theirbirthdays.

(ÉC é¬Ææh NçûË. °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-E-¢√-∞¡x†’ éÌCl ’çCØË îª÷¨».)

Jagat: Well, I don't mind your taking me asone of those few.

(§ÚF™‰. Å™«çöÀ éÌCl-´’ç-C™ ØËØÌ-éπ-úøoE†’ý-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ø√Íéç Å¶µºuç-ûª-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.)

Bhagat: I don't see eye to eye with you on this.What's wrong in enjoying yourself onthe day you entered the world?

(Ñ N≠æ-ßª’ç™ ØËFoûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’.´’†ç v°æ°æç-îªç-™éÀ Åúø’í∫’Â°öÀd† ®ÓVÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-éÓ-´-úøç™ ûªÊ°pçöÀ?)

Jagat: Is it any achievement of yours if a yearrolls on? Time passes and it can't becredited to anyone. I am all for a per-son celebrating an achievement, butnot for the passage of time.

(ã Ææç -ûªq®Ωç í∫úø- ôç ÅØËC ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç-îË-üËç-é¬-ü¿’-éπü∆. é¬©ç í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûª’çC. ÅCá´J íÌ°æp-ûª-†´‚ é¬ü¿’. (Ø√ @N-ûªç™ äéπÆæç -ûªq®Ωç Ø√ íÌ°æp Å†’-éÓ-™‰†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç.)àüÁjØ√ ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç-*çC Öçõ‰ ü∆Eo ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ í∫úø-°æôç Ø√èπ◊ °æ‹Jhí¬ É≠æd¢Ë’, é¬Eé¬©ç í∫úÕ-*ç-ü∆-EéÀ ´’† °∂æ’†ûª àç ™‰ü¿’.)

Bhagat: Then why did you put on the newclothes?

(Å®·ûË éÌûªh •ôd-™„ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?)Jagat: Mom was particular and sent me them.

So I put them on- just to please her.

(Å´’t °æô’d-•-öÀdçC. Ç •ôd©’ °æç°œçC.Å´’t†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-Â°-ôd-ú≈-EéÀ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√o.)

Bhagat: OK. OK. At least are you going to giveus a treat? (éπFÆæç Nçü¿Ø√o É≤ƒh¢√?)

Jagat: We'll have it, don't worry. (Å™«Íí).Bhagat: What about a movie after that?

(Ç ûª®√yûª ÆœE´÷?)

Jagat: Not certainly. I can't sit through the two

and half hours of loud songs, dance, sex

and violence that an Indian movie is.

(ÅC ´÷vûªç ™‰ü¿’. ¶µ«®Ω-Bßª’ ÆœE´÷ ÅØË È®çúø’-†o®Ω í∫çô© íÌúø´ §ƒô©’, Ø√ö«u©’, ¨¡%çí¬®Ωç,£œ«çÆæ îª÷Ææ÷h èπÿîÓ-´ôç Ø√´©x é¬ü¿’.)

Bhagat: But so many watch them.

(é¬F î√™«-´’çC ¢√öÀE îª÷≤ƒh®Ω’.)Jagat: Sorry. Anything but that. I can't put up

with the boredom.

(ÅC-ûª°æp ÉçÍé-ü¿Ø√o °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ÇNÆæ’-í∫’†’ ØË†’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.)

Bhagat: OK. Thanks for the treat at least.

(éπFÆæç dinner Å®·Ø√ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.Thanks)

Let's continue our study of phrasal

verbs. Look at the following expressions

from the conversation above:

1) ... Why are you putting on a new shirt and a

new pair of trousers?

2) ... Why I have put off telling you of it.

3) ... I am against; I am for/ I am not for/ I am all

for.

4) I've come across very few that don't cele-

brate their birthdays.

5) I don't see eye to eye with.

6) ... and it can't be credited to anyone.

7) Are you going to give us a treat?

8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances,

sex and violence.

9) I can't put up with the boredom.

Ñ expressions meanings, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØË-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç -ÉçéÌ-Eo °æü∆© Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

1) Precisely = éπ*a-ûªçí¬ (•çí¬®Ωç™«çöÀN ûª÷îË-ô-°æ¤púø’, íÌ°æp íÌ°æp (Olympic véÃúø-™«xçöÀ) °æ®Ω’-í∫’-°æç-ü∆™x time î√™« éπ*a-ûªçí¬, ÂÆéπ†x ûËú≈ èπÿú≈™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-ôç-™«çöÀC precise.)

2) Odd = NçûÁj†. ´÷´‚©’éπçõ‰ Gµ†oçí¬ Ö†o.He doesn't like curd. That's odd. (î√™«- ’ç-CéÀÉ≠æd-¢Á’i† Â°®Ω’í∫’ Åûª-EéÀ É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅC Nçûª.)

3) Mind: ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆– ´’†çÇ™-*çîË, ´’† ûÁL-NéÀ E©-ßª’-¢Á’i† •’v®Ω.Ééπ\úø Mind Åçõ‰ Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç Öçúøôç.Do you mind waiting for a few minutes? =

é¬Ææh wait îËßª’-ö«-EéÀ O’Íé- ’Ø√o Å¶µºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?I don't mind it at all = Ø√Íéç Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.Never mind = ü∆E í∫’Jç* °æöÀdçîª’-éÓ-´ü¿’l. (á´-È®jØ√ sorry Å™«ç-öÀN Åçõ‰ ´’†ç nevermind Åçö«ç.)

4) Achievement = ≤ƒCµçîË N≠æßª’ç – °∂æ’†ûª.Achieve = ≤ƒCµç-îªôç.a) A score of a century in cricket is an

achievement =

Century éÌôdúøç °∂æ’†ûª (≤ƒCµç-*† N≠æßª’ç).b) Getting a good rank is an achievement =

´’ç* rank ≤ƒCµç-îªôç äéπ °∂æ’†ûª.5) Time rolling = é¬©ç üÌ®Ωxôç6) be particular about =

°æô’d-ü¿-©í¬ Öçúøôç (äéπ N≠æßª’ç-™)a) I am particular about vegetarian food =

Ø√èπ◊ ¨»é¬-£æ…-®Ω¢Ë’ é¬¢√L (°æô’d-•-ôdúøç)

b) She is particular about this sari = -Ç¢Á’ Ñ<Í® é¬¢√-©ç-öçC/ Ñ <®Ω éÓÆæ¢Ë’ °æô’d-•-úø’-ûÓçC. É°æ¤púø’ phrasal verbs N≠æ-ßª÷-E-éÌü∆lç:

1) Why are you putting on a new shirt and anew pair of trousers?

To put on = (•ôd©’) ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç/ ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´ôç.üµ¿Jç-îªôç Åçõ‰ wear. É°æp-öÀ-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç/ ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´ôç ´÷vûª¢Ë’ to put on. ´÷´‚-©’í¬ üµ¿Jç-îªôç = to wear.

a) If you are going to the marriage, put on the

new clothes =

Â°RxéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-†o-ôx-®·ûË éÌûªh •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’éÓ.b) He is putting on a sweater because he is

going out in the cold weather = îªL™ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√oúø’ é¬•öÀd sweater ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.

Wear = üµ¿Jç-îªôç. He wears expensive

clothes = êK-üÁj† •ôd©’ üµ¿J-≤ƒh-úø-ûª†’.

2) Why I've put offtelling you of it.

To put off = to post-

pone (¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëßª’ôç)a) I shall be happy if

the exams are put

off until the next

week = ´îËa-¢√-®Ωç-ü∆é¬ °æK-éπ~©’ ¢√®·-ü∆-°æ-úÕûË Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç.

b) Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do

today = Ñ ®ÓV îËßª’-í∫-L-Tç-ü∆Eo Í®°æöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËßÁ·ü¿’l.

Put off ûª®√yûª till é¬F, until é¬F ¢√úøû√ç.3) I am for/ I am all for/ I am against.

To be for/ to be all for = äéπ N≠æ-ßª’ç-°æôxÆæ’´·-êçí¬/ °æ‹Jhí¬ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ Öçúøôç/ äéπN≠æßª’ç Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç.a) I am for/ I am all for starting early =

ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-ö«-EÍé ØË†’ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖØ√o†’.ÅüË Ø√éÀ≠ædç.

b) She is for attending the function =

Ç¢Á’ function èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-ú≈-EÍé Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖçC.c) He was not for his son joining politics =

Çßª’† éÌúø’èπ◊ ®√ï-éÃ-ßª÷™x îË®Ωúøç Çßª’-†-éÀ≠ædç™‰ü¿’.Against = úA-Í®éπç.

4) I've come across very few that don't

celebrate their birthdays.

To come across = îª÷úøôç, Å†’-¶µº-Nç-îªôç,û√®Ω-Ææ-°æ-úøôç.a) We come across camels only in deserts =

äçõ„-©†’ áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË îª÷≤ƒhç – áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË ÅN´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®·.

b) The doctor says he hasn't come across

such a case so far in his practice =

ûª† practice ™ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ É™«çöÀ case

îª÷úø-™‰-ü¿ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ doctor.

c) You come across the likes of Gandhi rarely

í¬çDµ-™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†èπ◊ Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’.5) I don't see eye to eye with you.

to see eye to eye with = àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªôç.´·êuçí¬ Ñ expression †’ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-éπ-§Ú- -ö«-EÍé ¢√úø-û√®Ω’– not see eye to eye with ÅE.(äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ ä°æ¤p-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´-ö«-EÍé áèπ◊\´¢√úø-û√®Ω’.)a) The father and the son don't see eye to

eye with each other on the matter of the

son's marriage = éÌúø’èπ◊ Â°Rx N≠æ-ßª’ç™ûªçvúÕ éÌúø’-èπ◊-©èπ◊ ¶µ‰ü∆-Gµ-v§ƒ-ßª÷-©’-Ø√o®·.

b) He doesn't see eye to eye with his wife on

many matters =

î√™« N≠æ-ßª÷™x ¶µ«®√u-¶µº-®Ωh-©èπ◊ ÅçU-é¬®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.6) ... and it can't be credited to anyone =

ü∆E-Èé-´®Ω÷ °∂æ’†ûª ´£œ«ç-îª-™‰®Ω’ (Ç íÌ°æp-ûª†çá´-J-D-é¬ü¿’)a) Indian independence is credited to

Mahatma Gandhi = ¶µ«®Ωûª ≤ƒyûªçvûªuç ûÁ*a†°∂æ’†ûª/ íÌ°æp-ûª†ç í¬çDµC.

b) The profits of the company are credited to

the General Manager = Ç company

™«¶µ«-©èπ◊ General Manager üË °∂æ’†ûª.7) ... are you going to give us a treat?

treat = ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æßª’çàüÁjØ√ treat.

a) The movie is a real treat after a long peri-

od of bad movies = î√™« °æE-éÀ-®√E *vû√©ûª®√yûª ´*a† Ñ ÆœE´÷ Eïçí¬ î√™«¶«í∫’çC. Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC.

b) To give a treat = Nçü¿’ Éýôç.He gave us a treat on his birthday =

°æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª†’ NçC-î√aúø’.c) The treat he gave us on his wedding

anniversary was grand = Â°Rx ¢√J-éÓ-ûªq´çÆæçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª-E-*a† Nçü¿’ íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC.

8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances, ..

To sit through = (ã°œí¬_) *´-J-ü∆é¬ èπÿ®Óa-´ôç.a) He can't teach well. I can't sit through his

class = Çßª’† ÆæJí¬_ ¶Cµç-îª-™‰úø’. Çßª’†class *´-J-ü∆é¬ ØË†’ èπÿ®Óa™‰†’.

b) (Do) you want to sit through the discus-

sion? I don't have the patience.

(Ç îª®Ωa© *´-J-ü∆é¬ ††’o èπÿ®Óa-´’ç-ö«¢√?Ø√é¬ ã°œéπ ™‰ü¿’.)Sit through, ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ not ûÓØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.(èπÿ®Óa-™‰†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ).

9) I can't put up with the boredom =

Ç NÆæ’í∫’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.To put up with = Ææ£œ«ç-îªôç/ ¶µºJç-îªôça) Sita was a great woman. She put up with

a lot of hardship =

Æ‘ûª íÌ°æp Æ‘Y. î√™« éπ≥ƒd-©†’ ¶µºJç*çC.b) I cannot put up with the noise =

Ç íÌúø ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.c) She has put up with all the trouble her hus-

band gave her =

¶µº®Ωh-Â°-öÀd† ¶«üµ¿-©-Eo-öÀF Ç¢Á’ ¶µºJç-*çC.

I don't see eye to eye with ..


M. SURESAN


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 4 --V-™„j 2006

Badari: Shall we go for lunch? Don't you thinkit is time?

(Lunch éÀ ¢Á∞«l ÷? Time Å®·çC éπü∆?)Kedar: It is only 11.30. I feel its too early.

(-É°æ¤p-úø’ 11.30- -´÷-vûª-¢Ë’ -Å®·ç-C. î√-™« -ûªy®Ωí¬ -¢Á-R-†-ôx-´¤-ûª’ç-C.)

Badari: Hei, Both of us have forgotten. Hasn'tAmareswar asked us to lunch today athis home?

(àß’, ´’†ç Éü¿l®Ωç ´’®Ω-*-§Úßª÷ç. É¢√∞¡Å´’-Í®- ¡y®˝ ´’†Lo ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ °œ©- -™‰ü¿÷?)

Kedar: That's right. So he has. This is the thirdor fourth sunday this year he hasasked us to eat at his place. He seemsto keep open house on Sundays.

(Å´¤†’ Eï¢Ë’. Åûª†’ °œL-î√úø’. Ñ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ ÉC ´‚úÓ ÇC-¢√-®Ω¢Á÷, Ø√©’íÓÇC¢√-®Ω¢Á÷ Åûª†’ ´’†Lo ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ°œ©-´úøç. Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ÇC-¢√-®√©’ á´®Óäéπ-JE °œLîË™« ÖçC)

Badari: That's correct. You remember whathappened last time. He kept us toolong after dinner. There was no bus atthat hour. No auto was in sight. So wehad to foot our way back.

(Å´¤†’. Fèπ◊ §Ú®·-†≤ƒÍ®´’-®·çüÓ í∫’®Ω’hçCéπü∆? ¶µï†ç Å®·† ûª®√yûª î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤èπÿ®Óa-¶„-ö«dúø’. Ç time èπ◊ bus ™‰O’-™‰´¤.áéπ\ú≈ auto éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç ¢Á†èπ◊\†úÕ* ®√´-©Æœ ´*açC)

Kedar: Of course I remember. But that was agood dinner that he gave us that day.What if we had to walk back? That din-ner was worth the walk.

(Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hç-úøÍéç? é¬E Ç®ÓV Åéπ\úÕ¶µï†ç î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. †úÕÊÆh à´’-®·ç-C™‰? Ç ¶µï-†çûÓ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ †úøÍéç Â°ü¿lv¨¡´’-é¬ü¿’.)

(worth èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, use Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îª÷¨»ç.)Badari: The wonder is his wife is as hospitable

as he.

(Ç¨¡a®Ωuç àN’-ôçõ‰ ÅûªE ¶µ«®Ωu ÇAü∑¿uçÉý-ôç™ Åûª-EûÓ ÆæJ-Ææ-´÷†ç.)

Kedar: In that respect they are cut out for eachother.

(Ç N≠æ-ßª’ç™ ¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’ ÆæJí¬_ÆæJ-§Ú-û√®Ω’)

Badari: So they are. The way they serve usmakes us feel at home.

Kedar: I think I hear him calling. Shall I tell himwe are starting?

(ÅûªØË phone îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«/ ÅûªEphone Å†’-èπ◊çö« NE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o-´’E îÁ°æpØ√?)

Badari: Do. (îÁ°æ¤p)Here are some more phrasal verbs we hearfrequently in daily conversation. Like thephrasal verbs we have seen in the earlierlessons, they can make your conversationvery effective.

Now let's study them.

Look at the following sentences from theconversation between Badari and Kedar.

1) He seems to keep open house on Sundays

2) We had to foot our way back home

3) In that respect they are cut out for each other

4) ... They make us feel at home

5) That dinner was worth it

OöÀE í∫’Jç* îªJaç-îË-´·çü¿’, ´’†ç ´’J-éÌEo´÷ô© Å®Ωnç, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.He asked us to lunch today:

Åûªúø’ É¢√∞¡ ´’†Lo lunchèπ◊ °œL-î√úø’/Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’.

´÷´‚-©’í¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç Åçõ‰ invite ÅE´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Conversational í¬ Å®·ûË Éçé¬simple í¬ invite •ü¿’©’ ask ¢√úøôç î√™«≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç.He has invited me to dinner =

He has asked me to dinner =

††’o ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ °œL-î√úø’/ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’(ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’Å†úøç éπçõ‰ °œL-î√úø’ Å†úøç áèπ◊\´ éπü∆?)No auto was in sight

áéπ\ú≈ Auto éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.(in sight = ü¿%≠œd™/ éπE-°œÆæ÷h)áèπ◊\-´í¬ not ûÓ éπ†-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’ ÅØËç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç.Not a policeman was in sight.

äéπ\ police man èπÿú≈ éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.É™«ç-öÀ´Fo ¶«í¬ practice îËßª’çúÕ.

Now let's look at the following.

1) He seems to keep open house =

Åûª†’ á°æ¤púø÷ ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ °œLîËô’xØ√oúø’. (ÇAü∑¿uçÉý-ö«-EéÀ Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ éπ†-°æ-úø-û√úø’).

Ééπ\úÕ phrasal verb: tokeep open house =

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ É©’x ûÁJîËÖçúøôç/ ÇAü∑¿uç Éý-ö«-EéÀ á°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’.a) Come Sunday, they

keep open house =

ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´ÊÆh-ÆæJ, ¢√RxçöxÅA-ü∑¿’-©’ç-ú≈-LqçüË.

b) We keep open house. You can drop in at any time

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ ´÷ É©’x ûÁJîË Öçô’çC.†’¢Áy-°æ¤p-úø-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ ®√´îª’a.

They keep open house on sundays. You arealways sure to see there some guest or the other

ÇC-¢√-®√©’ ¢√Rxçöx ÇAü∑¿uç á°æ¤púø÷ Öçô’çC.á´®Ó äéπ ÅAC∑ Åéπ\úø ´’†èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úøôç ûªü∑¿uç.

2) We had to foot our way back home =

´’†ç ÉçöÀéÀ †úÕ* ®√¢√Lq ´*açC.foot one's way = †úø-´ôç/ walk.

a) As his vehicle broke down, he left it there

and footed his way to office =

¢√£æ«†ç îÁúÕ-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ, Åûª†’ ü∆†o-éπ\úø ĆL,office èπ◊ †úÕ* ¢Á∞«xúø’.

b) Foot your way as much as possible and

you will be healthy =

O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ †úÕÊÆh ´’† Ç®Óí∫uç¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.

(you Åçõ‰ †’´¤y, O’®Ω’, Fèπ◊, O’èπ◊ ÅØË Å®√n©’´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, general í¬ á´-È®jØ√, á´-J-ÈéjØ√ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ†÷ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.)Foot your way as much as possible ÅØË sen-

tence ™ '†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’— áçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh ÅØËé¬èπ◊çú≈, á´-È®jØ√/ ´’†ç, áçûªü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh ÅçûªÇ®Óí∫uç ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC ÅE Å®Ωnç. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ:You cannot extract oil from sand =

ÉÆæ-éπ-™ç* †÷ØÁ Bßª’™‰ç. Ééπ\úø you Åçõ‰†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’ ÅØË Å®√n-EéÀ °æJ-N’ûªç é¬ü¿’.c) I can't foot my walk for such a long dis-

tance = Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç ØË†’ †úø-´-™‰†’.

3) In that respect they are cut out for eachother. Ç N≠æ-ßª’ç™ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√®Ω’.be cut out for (something)/ be cut out to be(something) - Ééπ\úø be Åçõ‰ à 'be' form (am,is, are, was, were etc) ¢√úø-´îª’a.ÉC î√™« ´’ç* expression. Å®Ωnç– äéπ®Ω’ äéπ °æEîËßª’-ö«-EéÀ ûªT† ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç, í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©’ éπLT Öçúøôç.a) Are you sure you are cut out for the army?

ÂÆj†uç™ îË®Ω-ú≈-EéÀ ûªT† ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Fèπ◊ç-ü¿E†´·t-ûª’-Ø√o¢√?

b) He is cut out to be a teacher = His teaching is excellent = teacher èπ◊ ûªT†≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Åûª-E™ ÖçC. ÅûªE ¶üµ¿† î√™«¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.

c) She is cut out to be a doctor. No doubtabout it =Ç¢Á’ Doctor Å´-ö«EÍé °æ¤öÀd-†-ô’dçü∆ ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.Doctor Å´-ö«-EéÀ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. EÆæqç-üË£æ«ç.

4) They make us feel at home =

´’† ÉçöxØË ÖØ√o´’ØË ¶µ«´† éπL-T-≤ƒh®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.(Åçõ‰ ÅA-ü∑¿’Lo Åçûª ¶«í¬ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-®Ω-†o-´÷ô)To make your guest feel at home=

ÅA-C∑E à Nüµ¿ç-í¬†÷ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôça) He treats his guests well. He makes them

feel absolutely at home =

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ Çßª’† ¶«í¬ îª÷≤ƒhúø’. ¢√∞¡x™ ≤ÒçûªÉçöxØË Ö†o ¶µ«´† éπL-T-≤ƒhúø’

b) Don't be hesitant. Feel at home. Ask forwhatever you want=

¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úÌü¿’l. O’ É™‰x Å†’-éÓçúÕ. àçé¬¢√™ ÅúÕT BÆæ’éÓçúÕ. (ÅA-C∑ûÓ É™«Åçô’çö«ç)

5) That dinner was worth it =

Ç dinner ûÓ §ÚLÊÆh ´’†ç †úø-¢√Lq ®√´ôç Â°ü¿l¶«üµË-O’-é¬ü¿’.

They are cut out for each other-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 181-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 6 --V-™„j 2006

EXERCISE 1

Syamala: àçöÀ¢√∞¡ <®Ω éπô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?Nirmala: ´÷ classmate birthday Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬

Nçü¿’ É≤ÚhçC.Syamala: Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ‹ <®ΩûÓ Öçúøôç éπ≠ædç é¬ü¿÷?Nirmala: Ø√èπ◊ Å´çõ‰ É≠ædç. <®ΩûÓ áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·Ø√

Öçúø-í∫-©†’.Syamala: Åéπ\úË ´’E-ü¿l-JéÃ ûËú≈. Ø√èπ◊ <®Ωçõ‰

ÅçA-≠ædç-™‰ü¿’.Nirmala: à¢ÁjØ√ v°æûËuéπ Ææçü¿®√s¥©’çõ‰ØË Ø√èπ◊ <®Ω

É≠ædç.Syamala: Å´¤†÷, °æ¤öÀd-†®ÓV E†o-Ø√o´¤?Nirmala: E†oØË, é¬E dinner ´÷vûªç É¢√-RdéÀ

¢√®·-ü∆-¢Ë-ÆœçC.Syamala: Wish you a good time.

ANSWER

Syamala: Why have you put on a sari?

Nirmala: Our classmate is giving us a treat on

the occasion of her birthday.

Syamala: Can you be in the sari all the time?

Nirmala: I like saris. So I can put with it for any

time.

Syamala: That's where we don't see eye to eye

with each other. I don't like saris much.

Nirmala: I am for saris only for special occasions.

Syamala: But didn't you say the birthday was

yesterday?

Nirmala: Yes, it was, but she put off the dinner

till today.

Syamala: Wish you a good time.

EXERCISE 2

Ganesh: Hi Karthik, àçöÀ Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ Å©-Æœ-§Ú-®·-†ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?

Karthik: Ø√ bike ´’üµ¿u™ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. ü∆Eo†úÕ-°œç-îª’-èπ◊çô÷ ´*a mechanic èπ◊ É*a,Åéπ\-úÕ-†’ç* È®çúø’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ωx ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ*´î√a†’.

Ganesh: Ø√èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’çõ‰ ØË†’ ´*a lift ÉîËa-¢√-úÕE éπü∆?

Karthik: †’´¤y Ææ£æ…ßª’ç îËÊÆ-¢√-úÕ-¢Ë-†E Ø√èπ◊ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’´™‰x Ø√ rooms èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xèπ◊çú≈F rooms èπ◊ ´î√a†’. Ñ ®√vAéÀ ØËE-éπ\--úø-Öç-úÌî√a?

Ganesh: Åçûª-éπ-Ø√oØ√? ÉC F É™‰x Å†’éÓ.Karthik: Thank you. àçöÃ maths îËÆæ’h-Ø√o¢√?

Å†oô’d, O’ éÌûªh maths lecturer á™«ÖØ√oúø’?

Ganesh: î√™« íÌ°æp lecturer. Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’ °æ¤ö«dú≈Å†oô’x maths lecturer í¬ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√úø’.

Karthik: Å®·ûË ÆæçûÓ≠æç.

ANSWER

Ganesh: Hi Karthik, you look so tired and

weak, why?

Karthik: My bike broke down on the way. I

walked it up to my mechanic, gave it

to him for repair and footed my way

for 2 kms here.

Ganesh: If you had phone me, I would have

given you a lift.

Karthik: I know you are the helping type.

That's why I came straight to your

rooms without going to my place. can

I stay here for the night?

Ganesh: By all means/ you are welcome. Feel

absolutely at home.

Karthik: Thank you. You seem to be doing

maths. By the way how is your new

maths lecturer?

Ganesh: Excellent. He is cut out for the job.

Karthik: Happy to hear it.

Akhila: How is your mother? Is she improving?

(O’ Å¢Á’t™« ÖçC? éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-öçü∆?)Nikhila: She is, but she is too weak to move about.

(éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-öçC é¬E éπü¿-™‰x-†çûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬/•©-£‘«-†çí¬ ÖçC)

Akhila: She is taking too many drugs perhaps.May be that's why she is so weak.

(´’çü¿’©’ ´’K áèπ◊\´ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öç-üË¢Á÷.Åçü¿’-´©x Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖçúÌîª’a)

Nikhila: On the contrary she avoids even themedicines she has to take. She hatesthem too much to take them regularly.Hence her slow recovery.

(ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-é¬¢Á’ úA-Í®éπç. BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† ´’çü¿’™‰ ÆæJí¬ BÆæ’-éÓü¿’. ´’çü¿’©†’véπ´’-•-ü¿l¥çí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©çõ‰ áçûÓ üËy≠æç)

Akhila: Who is treatingher?

(á´®Ω’/ à doc-tor îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’?)

Nikhila: We put her inReadycureHospital.

(ReadycureHospital ™ îË®√aç)

Akhila: But isn't it too expensive and too far offa place?

(é¬E, ÅC ´’K êKü¿’, ü¿÷®Ωç é¬ü∆?)Nikhila: It is. But mom's cousin is a doctor

there. So we admitted her there.

(Eï¢Ë’. é¬E ´÷ Å´’t cousin Åéπ\úødoctor. Åçü¿’-éπ-†-éπ\úø îË®√aç)

Akhila: You must be spending a lot on trans-port to and fro. You must have spentquite a lot already.

(A®Ω-í∫-ö«-EÍé î√™« ê®Ω’a Â°ô’dç-ú≈L O’®Ω’.É°æp-öÀÍé î√™« ê®Ωa®· Öçú≈L.)

Nikhila: You can say that again the tests theyhave prescribed as alone have cost usa lot. The medicines are expensive too.

(Ç´÷ô †’´¤y ´’Sx ´’Sx ÅØÌîª’a. ¢√∞¡ŸxîË®·ç*† °æK-éπ~©Íé î√™« -ê®Ωa®·uçC.´’çü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ î√™« êKüË)

Akhila: These days medicare has become too

costly. Only the rich can afford it. The

Poor have to make do with substan-

dard treatment.

(Ñ ®ÓV™x ¢Ájü¿uç î√™« êK-üÁj-§Ú-®·çC.Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xÍé ÅC Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ ÖçC. ™‰E-¢√∞¡Ÿxûªèπ◊\´ ®Ωéπç ¢Ájü¿uçûÓ ÆæJ-Â°-ô’d-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.)

make do = Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´ôç/ ÆæJ-Â°-ô’d-éÓ-´ôçNikhila: Mom is too impatient. She wants to get

out as soon as possible. The doctors

however insist that she stay there for at

least four more days. She feels it too long.

(Å´’t ´’K ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÖçC. O©-®·†çûªûªy®Ωí¬ ÇÆæ’-°ævA †’ç* •ßª’-ô-°æ-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-öçC. é¬F doctors ´÷vûªç éπFÆæçÉçé¬ Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV-©’ç-ú≈-©ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç¢Á’èπ◊´÷vûªç Å-C ´’K áèπ◊\-´-é¬©ç ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC)

Akhila: If only she takes medicines properly ...

(´’çü¿’©’ ÆæJí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç Åçô÷ Öçõ‰ ...)Nikhila: Oh, my! It's already 7.30. I have stayed

here too long. I'm afraid I'll be late for

the hospital. I must hurry. Bye.

(Å¢Á÷t! Å°æ¤púË 7.30 Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. ´’Káèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o-E-éπ\úø. ÇÆæ’-°æ-vAéÀ Ç©Ææu¢Á’i§Ú-ûÓçC. ØË†’ ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL. Bye.)

Too Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç Ñ≤ƒJ.1) Too ’†ç ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ 'also' (èπÿú≈) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ

¢√úøû√ç éπü∆?Ramya: Has she come? (Ç¢Á’ ´*açü∆?)Priya: She has. (Ç. ´*açC.)Ramya: Has her husband come too?

(Ç¢Á’ ¶µº®Ωh èπÿú≈ ´î√aú≈?)Priya: Yes. He has come too.

(Å´¤†’. Çßª’† èπÿú≈ ´î√aúø’)Spoken English ™ 'èπÿú≈— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ also

î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. áèπ◊\-´í¬ 'too' ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. 'Too' á°æ¤púø÷ verb ûª®√yûª ¢√úøôç bet-

ter. She too has come éπØ√o She has come

too, better. Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»ç –Not ûÓ also ÅÆæ-©’-®√ü¿’.

2) Too èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç – Ñ lesson ™¢√úÕ† Nüµ¿çí¬–Too Åçõ‰ ´’K/ ÅA ÅE ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®ΩnçîÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´îª’a.

Look at the following.

a) He is tall = Åûªúø’ §Òúø’í∫’ – ´’ç*üË.b) He is very tall = Åûªúø’ î√™« §Òúø’í∫’ –

´’ç*üË.c) He is too tall = Åûªúø’ ´’K §Òúø’í∫’ – Åçõ‰

Ééπ\úø §Òúø’í∫’ ´©x àüÓ É•sçC Öçúø-´îª’a.(´’K §Òúø’-í∫-´ôç ´©x, Eö«-®Ω’í¬ E©’-îÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´-ô¢Á÷, à í∫C-™-ÈéjØ√ ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆y®Ωçûªí∫-©-ô¢Á÷, ´’K ´çT v°æ¢Ë-Pç--î√-Lq ®√´-ô-¢Á÷-™«çöÀ É•sç-ü¿’©’ ÖçúÌîª’a– ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ÅûªúÕáûª’hèπ◊ ûªT† ¶µ«®Ωu üÌ®Ω-éπ\-§Ú- îª’a!)

Too Åçõ‰ ÅA ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøôç ´©x,ü∆E v°æßÁ÷-ï-Ø√©’ ´’ç*-Ní¬ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.a) He drives too fast =

Åûªúø’ ´’K ¢Ëí∫çí¬ drive îË≤ƒhúø’. Åçü¿’-´©xv°æ ÷ü¿ç Ææç¶µº-Nç-îª- îª’a.

b) She talks too much.

Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ü∆E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«xúø’ûª’çC.c) It is too costly =

ÅC ´’K êKü¿’. (Åçü¿’-´©x éÌ†-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.) DEoéÀçC-¢√-öÀûÓ §Ú©açúÕ.i) It is costly = ÅC êKü¿’ (éÌØÌîª’a)ii) It is very costly =

ÅC ¶«í¬ êKü¿’ (Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ éÌØÌîª’a.)iii) It is too costly = ÅC ÅA/ ´’K êKü¿’

(ØË†’ éÌ††’ – éÌØË Å´-é¬¨¡ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a)d) Sarat: You liked the suitcase. Why didn't

you buy it?

(Ç suitcase Åçõ‰ É≠æd-°æ-ú≈f´¤.´’È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ éÌ†-™‰ü¿’?)

Bharat: Oh, it's too heavy.

ÅC ´’K •®Ω’´¤í¬ ÖçC. (ØË†’ ¢Á÷ßª’-™‰-†çûª •®Ω’´¤. Åçü¿’-´©x éÌ†-™‰ü¿’.)

e) Kiran: How do you find your new home?

(O’®Ω’ éÌûªhí¬ îËJ† É™„x™« ÖçC?)

Varun: It's OK, but it is too big.

(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. é¬F Åçü¿’™ ÖçúË¢√∞¡x Ææçë‰u¢Á÷ûªèπ◊\´– É™‰x¢Á÷ Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ ´’çCéÀ ÆæJ-§Ú-ßË’çûª Â°ü¿lC– Åçü¿’-´©x ≤˘éπ®Ωuç éπçõ‰ É•sçüËáèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.)

3) Too Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ≤ƒüµ¿u-´’ßË’u ü∆E-éπØ√oáèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.a) He is too clever for a boy his age =

ÅûªúÕ ´ßª’Ææ’q °œ©x-©-éπçõ‰ Åûªúø’ î√™« ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’.(Åûª-úÕéÀ ´ßª’Ææ’èπ◊ N’ç*† ûÁL-N-ûË-ô-©’-Ø√o®·.)

b) She is too tall for a girl her age =

Ç ´ßª’Ææ’ Å´÷t-®·© éπçõ„ ´’K §Òúø’-í∫’ç-ü∆ Å´÷t®·.c) She is too red for an Asian =

´÷´‚-©’í¬ ÇÆœßª÷ ¢√Ææ’©’ Öçúø-†çûª áv®Ωí¬ Öçü∆¢Á’.4) Too †’ éÌClí¬ Å®Ωnç ûËú≈ûÓ É™« èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç:

a) She is too young for marriage =

´÷´‚©’ Â°Rx ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ ´ßª’Ææ’ ´’K ûªèπ◊\´.Â°Sxúø’èπ◊ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ = She is too young to

be married/ to get married.

b) He is too fat to walk fast-

Éô’- çöÀ sentences ™ úA-Í®-é¬®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.-Ñ -¢√é¬u-EéÀ -Å®Ωnç= Åûª†’ ûªy®Ωí¬ †úø-´-™‰-†çûª ™«´¤.

c) She is too young to understand all this =

ÉN Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª *†o °œ©x Ç Å´÷t®·.d) In the past children were married off when

they were too young to understand what

marriage was =

í∫ûªç™ Â°∞¡xçõ‰ àN’ö Å®Ωnç-é¬E *†o ´ßª’-Ææ’™ØË °œ©x-©èπ◊ Â°Rx∞¡Ÿx îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

5) äéÓ\-≤ƒJ too †’ positive meaning ûÓ éÀçCsentences ™ ™«í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.a) Pavan: Are you ready for this job?

Ñ ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ †’´¤y Æœü¿l¥-¢Ë’Ø√?Vinod: I shall be only too glad to accept it.

ü∆Eo Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªôç Ø√èπ◊ î√™«ÆæçûÓ≠æç/ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬

b) He will be only too pleased to assist you=

Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ßª’-°æ-úøôç Åûª-úÕéÀ î√™« ÆæçûÓ≠æç.c) She'll be too ready to leave the place =

Ééπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’çC/ ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-E-éÀ-á-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’.

6) Too †’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ éÀçC Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.a) It is too much for him =

ÅC Åûªúø’ îËßª’-™‰-†çûª éπ≠ædç/ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-†çûªv¨¡´’/ ¶«üµ¿.

b) Working for such long hours is too much

for the boys =

ÅEo í∫çô©’ °æE-îË-ßª’ôç ¢√∞¡Ÿx îËßª’-™‰E/¶µºJç-îª-™‰E v¨¡´’– (°œ©x©’ é¬•öÀd.)

c) This question is too much for the little girl.

Ç *†o°œ©xèπ◊ ï¢√•’ îÁ°æp-™‰-†çûª éπ≠æd-¢Á’i† v°æ-¨¡o-É-C.

Now look at the following sentences fromthe conversation between Akhila andNikhila at the beginning of the lesson:

1) She is too weak to move about.

2) She is taking too many drugs perhaps.

3) She hates them too much to take them

regularly.

4) But isn't it too expensive and too far off a

place?

5) Mom is too impatient.

6) She feels it too long.

7) I've stayed here too long.

1) She is too weak to move about =

Ç¢Á’ éπü¿-©-™‰-†çûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖçC =She is so weak that she cannot move about.

2) She is taking too many drugs perhaps =

•£æ›-¨» -´’ç-ü¿’-©’ ´’K áèπ◊\´ (îÁúø’ ïJ-Ííçûª)BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öç-üË¢Á÷Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ É™« èπÿú≈ too ¢√úøû√ç.a) You are a minute too late =

†’´¤y äéπ\ EN’≠æç Ç©-Ææu-´’-ßª÷u´¤.(äéπ\ EN’≠æç ´·çü¿’-´-îª’açõ‰ F°æE ÅßË’uC)

b) This passenger is one too many for the

bus. Bus is full. It can't take even one

more.

(Ñ äéπ\ v°æßª÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úË áèπ◊\´. •Ææqçû√ EçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. Éçéπ äéπ\-JéÀ èπÿú≈ îÓô’-™‰ü¿’)

3) She hates them too much to take themregularly =

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ç ´’çü¿’-©†’ véπ´’ç-ûª-°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´-úø-´’çõ‰ ÅE≠ædç./ Ç ÅE-≠ædç-´©x Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iØ√ Ç´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’-éÓü¿’. ÉC sentence no.1 ™«í¬ØËÖçC îª÷úøçúÕ.

4) But isn't it too expensive and too far off aplace? =

ÅC ´’†ç ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-†çûª êK-üÁjçD, ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-†çûªü¿÷®Ω´‚ é¬ü∆?It's too expensive =

´’K êK-üÁ-èπ◊\´ (ØË†’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’)It's too far off (´’K ü¿÷®Ωç áèπ◊\´, ØË†’ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰†’)

5) Mom is too impatient =

´÷ Å´’t ´’K ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÖçC. (Åéπ\úø Öçúø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC)

6) She feels it too long =

´’K áèπ◊\´é¬©-´’E Å†’-èπ◊ç-öçC. (Öçúø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ßË’çûª)

7) I have stayed here too long =

Å´-ûª© °æ†’çúÕ èπÿú≈ î√™« áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤Ø√o–Öçúø-èπÿ-úø-†çûª ÊÆ°æ¤Ø√o.éÀçC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ πÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ:

a) The box is too heavy for me =

the box is so heavy that I cannot lift it =

ØË†’ áûªh-™‰-†çûª •®Ω’´¤í¬ Öçü∆-Â°õ„d.b) The TV is too costly for me =

The TV is so costly that I can't buy it.

ØË†’ éÌ†-™‰-†çûª êK-ü¿-®·çü∆ öÃO.

She is too weak to move ..


M. SURESAN


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ --¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 8 --V-™„j 2006

Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get readyto go out.

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ -ûª-ßª÷®Ω´¤y)Kamala: What is Swarna saying, Rajitha?

(Ææy®Ωg à´’ç-öçD?)Rajitha: She is telling me to get dressed and

get ready to go.

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊E •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´-´’E Ææy®Ωg Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ÚhçC)

Swarna: Go to the market and get some veg-etables. There aren't any left.

(Market èπ◊ -¢Á---R èπÿ®Ω-í¬-ßª’©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊®√.Éçöx àç ™‰ ¤.)

Kamala: Don't you hear, Rajitha? Swarna istelling you to go to the market and getvegetables

(NE-°œç-îª-™‰ü∆, ®Ω>û√? Market èπ◊ -¢Á---Rèπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tE îÁ§ÚhçC éπü∆?)

Rajitha: What do you mean? (àçôç-ô’-Ø√o¢˛?)Kamala: You have heard what Swarna has

said. So do what she says.

(NØ√o´¤ éπü∆ Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC. ûª†’ îÁ°œp-†ô’xîÁ®·u.)

Rajitha: Are you both telling me to go to themarket and get vegetables? Kamala,are you telling me to do what she says?

(Éü¿l®Ω÷ ††’o market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ûÁ ’tçö«®√? éπ´’™«, ûªØËç îËßª’- ’ç-ô’çüÓÅC îËßª’- ’ç-ö«¢√?

Swarna: And cook too. (´çô èπÿú≈ îÁ®·u)Kamala: Don't stand there. Get going. Swarna

has told you to cook too.

(Å™« E™aèπ◊. °æE é¬F. Ææy®Ω-g -´ç-ô èπÿ-ú≈-îÁ-ßª’u- ’ç--öç-C.)

Get going= •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’/ °æE-é¬F, etc.

Swarna: Why are you still here? Kamala istelling you not to stand there but getgoing.

(àçöÀçé¬ Ééπ\-úø’-Ø√o¢˛? Kamala îÁ°œpç-C-éπü∆, Å™« E™a-´-ü¿lF, •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-´’E.)

Rajitha: Stop it. Don't think I am your servant.Don't order me about, you stupids.

(Ç°æçúÕ. ØË†’ O’ servant Å†’-éÓ-éπçúÕ.Ø√èπ◊ Çïc-L-ý-éπçúÕ, ´‚®Ω’^-™«x®√?)

Swarna: Look, Kamala, she is telling us to stopit and not to think she is our servant.She is telling us further not to orderher about.

(éπ´’™« îª÷úø÷, Éü¿çû√ Ç°æ-´’E, ûª††’servant í¬ Å†’-éÓ-´-ü¿lF, Çïc©’ ñ«K-îË-ßÁ·-ü¿lF ÅçöçC.)

Kamala: Come now, Rajitha. Don't be angry.We have just been joking. Pleasedon't think we are serious.

(Rajitha, éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊. ÜJ-éπØË jokeîËÆæ’hØ√oç. ¢Ë’ç serious í¬ ÅØ√o- ’EÅ†’-éÓèπ◊. ÜJÍé EØ√o-ô-°æ-öÀdç-î√-´’çûË)

Rajitha: You've carried the joke too far.

(O’ joke ÅAí¬ ÖçC)Swarna: Come, come, don't be angry. Take a

joke. Enjoy it, girl.

(éÓ°æp-úøèπÿ. Joke í¬ BÆæ’éÓ. †’´¤y èπÿú≈ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æúø’.)

Kamala: You still look angry. Swarna has toldyou to take joke and not to be angrybut enjoy it. Come laugh it off.

(Éçé¬ éÓ°æçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçCéπü∆ Åçû√ joke í¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´’F, éÓ°æp-úÌ-ü¿lF,†’´¤y èπÿú≈ enjoy îÁßª’u-´’E. †¢ËyÆœ Ü®Ω’éÓ)

Rajitha: OK. I excuse you. I will have my turn too.

(Å™«Íí. N’´’tLo éπ~N’-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Ø√èπÿ´Ææ’hçC Å´-é¬¨¡ç. Å°æ¤púø’ îÁ§ƒh.)

Compare the following pair of sentencesfrom the conversation above:

a) Swarna: Rajitha, get dressed and getready to start.

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω´‹y)b) Rajitha: She (Swarna) is telling me to get

dressed and get ready to start.

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊E •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´-´’EÆæy®Ωg Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ÚhçC)

sentence (a) ™ ´’†ç îª÷ÊÆC: Ææy®Ωg, ®Ω>-ûª†’ÖüËl-Pç* ØË®Ω’ (direct) í¬, ´·êûª” ®Ω>-ûªûÓ îÁÊ°pN≠æßª’ç.sentence (b) ™ ´’†ç îª÷ÊÆC: ®Ω>ûª, Ææy®Ωgûª†ûÓ Å†o-´÷-ô-©†’, ûª† ´÷ô™x éπ´’-©èπ◊îÁ°æpôç/ report îËßª’ôç.sentence (a) direct í¬ Ææy®Ωg ®Ω>-ûªûÓ Å†o- ÷-ô©’. é¬•öÀd ÅC Direct speech.

sentence (b) ®Ω>ûª, ûª† ´÷ô™x Ææy®Ωg- ´÷-ô-©†’éπ´’-©èπ◊ report îËßª’ôç é¬•öÀd ÅC Reported(Indirect) speech.

Look at the following too:

1 Swarna (to Rajitha):Go to the market andget some vegetables

(Market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ °ævö«–Direct speech éπü∆?)

Kamala: Swarna is tellingyou to go to the marketand get some vegetables

(Market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ ’tE Ææy®Ωg ÅçöçC FûÓ)(ÉC Kamala report îË≤ÚhçC é¬•öÀd reportedspeech)

2. a) Kamala (to Rajitha) ... Do what she

(Swarna) Says.

(Ææy®Ωg -îÁ-°œpçC îÁ®·u– Direct speech éπü∆?)b) Rajitha (To Swarna and Kamala)

Are you both telling me to go to market

and get vegetables? Kamala, Are you

telling me to do what she says? (Direct

speech)

(††’o Market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ ’tç-ô’-Ø√o®√?éπ´’™«, Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC îËßª’-´’ç-ö«¢√ ††’o?)

3 a) Kamala (To Rajitha): Don't stand there.

Get going. (Direct speech) Å™« E™aèπ◊,•ßª’-™‰l®Ω’)Swarna is telling you to cook too

(Reported speech - Ææy®Ωg E†’o ´çô èπÿú≈îËßª’- ’ç-öçC)

b) Swarna: Kamala is telling you not to

stand there but get going.

(Å™« E™a-´-ü¿lF, •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-´’E éπ´’© îÁ§ÚhçCFûÓ – Reported speech)

4 a) Rajitha (to Swarna & Kamala): Stop it.

Don't think I am your servant. Don't order

me about (Direct speech)

(Ç°æçúÕ, ØË†’ O’ servant Å†’-éÓ-éπçúÕ. O’ É≠ædç´*a-†ô’x Çïc©’ Éý-éπçúÕ – Direct speech)

b) Swarna: She is telling us to stop it and not

to think she is our servant. She is further

telling us not to order her about. (Indirect

speech)

(´’†-Lo-ü¿çû√ Ç°æ- ’F, ûª†’ ´’† servant Å†’-éÓ-´-ü¿lF, É≠ædç ´*a-†ô’x Çïc-L-ý-ü¿lF ®Ω>ûªÅçöçC Indirect speech)

5 a) Swarna to Rajitha: Don't be angry. Take a

joke. enjoy it, girl

(éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊. Joke †’ Ç†ç-Cçîª’– Direct speech)

b) Kamala: Swarna has told you not to be

angry, to take a joke and enjoy it

(Swarna îÁ°œpçC éπü∆ éÓ°æp-úÌ-ü¿lF, joke †’Ç†ç-Cç-îª- ’F– Reported speech)

Â°j sentences ™ 1 (a) 2 (a), 2 (b) , 3 (a)

4 (a), 5 (a) - É´Fo direct speech ™ ÖØ√o®·.Sentences 1 (b), 3 (b), 4 (b) and 5 (b) - É´Foreported (Indirect) speech ™ ÖØ√o®·.

1) Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and getready to go out.

ÉC Direct speech ™ ÖçC éπü∆. 'Get dressedand get ready to go out - Ñ ´÷ô©’Imperative sentence - Åçõ‰ äéπ-JE Çñ«c-°œçîË/Å¶µºu-JnçîË (request)/ äéπ °æE îËßª’-´’E ÅúÕÍísentence †’ imperative sentence Åçö«ç.Swarna, ®Ω>-ûª†’ •ôd-©’- ´÷-®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀÆœü¿l ¥çí¬ Öçúø÷ ÅE Åúø’-í∫’-ûÓçC/ ü∆ü∆°æ¤Çñ«c°œ≤ÚhçC. é¬•öÀd 'Get dressed and go out',imperative sentence Å´¤-ûª’çC. Imperativesentence †’ direct †’ç* reported (indirect)èπ◊ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, Ç imperative ´·çü¿’, toîË®Ωa-ô¢Ë’. Åçõ‰,Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get

ready to go out -

DEéÀ reported speech:

Swarna is telling/ asking (tells/ asks) Rajithato get dressed and get ready to go out.í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆ get dressed and get ready togo out ´·çü¿’, to Â°ö«dç. ÅçûË-éπü∆. So, imper-ative sentence indirect speech éÀ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰,ü∆E´·çü¿’ 'to' Â°õ‰d≤ƒhç.Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç – say ûª®√yûª infini-tive ( to go, to come, to sing ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’)®√ü¿E. Tell/ ask °æéπ\† infinitive ´Ææ’hçC.Åçü¿’-éπE reported speech ™ tell (some-body)/ Ask (somebody) + Infinitive ´Ææ’hçC,Imperative †’ Reported speech èπ◊ ´÷Ja-†-°æ¤úø’.

Look at the other pairs of sentences fromthe conversation.

1 a) Swarna (to Rajitha): Go to the market andget some vegetables (market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’BÆæ’-èπ◊®√ – ÉC Imperative sentence)

DEéÀ Reported speech, DE-éÀç-ü¿ØË éπ´’©´÷ô™x 1 (b) îª÷úøçúÕ.Swarna is telling you to go to the marketand get some vegetables

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, Kamala, Swarna ´÷ôLo reportedspeech -™ -îÁ°æpôç– Ç ´÷ô© ´·çü¿’ 'to' ´îËa-ÆœçC– She is telling you to go to the market...

3 a) Kamala (to Rajitha): Don't stand there.

Get going (Direct speech- E™a-éπ™«,•ßª’-™‰l®Ω’) Çïc™« ÖçC é¬•öÀd imperative

sentence.

3 b) îª÷úøçúÕ – ÉC Kamala, Ææy®Ωg ´÷ôLo report-

ed speech ™ îÁ°æpôç: Kamala is telling you

not to stand there but get going. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈Kamala, Ææy®Ωg -´÷-ô©´·çü¿’, to ¢√úÕçC – to

stand there... Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø direct speech

™ Don't (do not) ÅE not ÖçC é¬•öÀd,reported speech ™, not to ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.

a) Suseel: Make good use of your time,

Sumant. (Sumant, F Ææ´’-ßª÷EoÆæCy-E-ßÁ÷í∫ç îËÆæ’éÓ Direct speech

éπü∆.)

Indirect, Suseel is telling Sumant to

make good use of his time.

b) Suseel: Don't waste your time, Sumant

(Direct speech - Imperative - Don't =

do not ûÓ ÖçC)Reported speech: Suseel is telling

sumant not to waste his time.

4 a) Rajitha (To Swarna and Kamala): Stop it.

Don't think I am your servant.

Don't order me about. (Direct

speech-imperative with don't = do

not)

b) É¢Ë ´÷ô-©†’ Swarna reported speech ™Kamala èπ◊: She is telling us to stop it, not

to think she is our servant and not to order

her about. (Reported speech beginning

with 'not to', because of don't in Direct

speech)

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: Orders, requests, asking ûÁLÊ°imperative sentence, direct speech ™ Öçõ‰,ü∆Eo report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, to ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç,don't Öçõ‰ not to ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.

a) Kamal: Krishna have something to eat.

Direct speech - imperative.

Kamal is asking Krishna to have

something to eat - Reported speech

b) Teacher: Don't read such books. (Direct

speech- Begins with don't)

Teacher is telling (the students)

not to read such books.

Ñ Â°j examples ™ -à Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù©’ á°æ¤púø’ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oßÁ÷ correct í¬ ûÁL-ßª’ôç™‰ü¿’ é¬•öÀd´’†ç Indirect (reported) speech ™ à tense

Å®·Ø√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.Â°j È®çúø’ examples ™, Reported speech ™,is asking/ is telling •ü¿’©’ has asked/ asked/

has told/ told èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.That is how we change imperative into indi-

rect speech.

Swarna is telling ...-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 183-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 10 --V-™„j 2006

éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç 1st sample of directspeech and reported speech îª÷¨»ç. Directand reported speech Å†-í¬ØË ´’†èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-îËaC,Quotations/ Inverted commas (" "), ¢√öÀ ™°æ©Ö†o sentence ¶µ«í∫ç, Åçü¿’™ verb/ verbs quo-tations •ßª’ô Ö†o verb ™«çöÀN. Å®·ûË ´’†çÉéπ\úø í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓ-¢√-LqçC, Ñ columns ™ ´’†çîËÆæ’hçC Spoken English practice. Åçõ‰English ´÷ö«x-úøôç. ´÷ö«x-úË--ô°æ¤púø’ quotations,Åçü¿’™¶µ«í∫ç, ü∆E -•-ßª’öÀ¶µ«í∫ç ™«çöÀN Öçúø ¤éπü∆. Spoken English ™ ´’†ç í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓ-¢√-Lqç-ü¿™«x, ¢Á·ü¿öÀ úéÀh È®çúÓ úéÀhûÓ îÁÊ°p ´÷ô©’direct speech. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ úéÀh îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ßª÷EoÈ®çúÓ úéÀh ûª† ´÷ô™x ÉçéÓ úéÀhéÀ îÁ°æpôç/report îËßª’ôç, reported speech.Conversation/ Spoken English practice îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ N≠æßª’ç í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓ-¢√L. Quotations,reported verb ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÓÆæç ¢Áûªéπç.Reporting verb Åçõ‰ reported speech v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îË- ·çü¿’ ¢√úË tell, ask, request, order,advise, hope ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ´’†¢Ë’áç°œéπ îËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«ç. English ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’¢√úËC reported speech é¬•öÀd, ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lqç-ü¿-™«x äéπ úéÀh Å†o N≠æ-ßª÷Eo ÉçéÌ-éπ-JéÀÆæp≠ædçí¬ á™« NE-°œç-î√L ÅØËC ´÷vûª¢Ë’. ÉüË-éπü∆,´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ Swarna, Rajitha andKamala conversation ™ îª÷ÆœçC. Å™«Íí prac-tice îËü∆lç. Ééπ îªü¿-´çúÕ.

I. Naveen: Leave your book with me. You takemy book and return it tomorrow.

(F °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eoéπ\úø Öçîª’. †’´¤y Ø√°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊E Í®°æ¤ AJ-T´¤y)

Ramani: Please let me have both the books.

(È®çúÕç-öÀF BÆæ’-éÓ-E´¤y)Naveen: OK. Take both of them but make sure

that you return them the day after.

(ÆæÍ®, È®çúø÷ BÆæ’éÓ, Å®·ûË á©’xç-úÕéÀéπ*a-ûªçí¬ AJ-T-îËaß’)

Ramani: Please allow me to keep them for at

least three days.

(éπFÆæç ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©Ø√o Öçîª’-éÓ-E´¤y)Teacher: Stop talking, both of you.

(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ ´÷ö«x-úø-éπçúÕ)Naveen and Ramani: Don't be angry, sir.

Excuse us this once.

(éÓ°æp-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ´’´’t-Lo Ñ äéπ\-≤ƒ-JéÀéπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝)

Teacher: Concentrate on the lesson. Keep your

mouths shut or get out of the class.

(§ƒ®∏Ωç O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd Â°ôdçúÕ. ØÓ®Ω’ -´‚-Ææ’-éÓçúÕ ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rx-§ÚçúÕ)

Naveen: Please, don't be cross, sir.

(ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ éÓ°æp-úø-éπçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝)Teacher: Be silent, then (Å®·ûË E¨¡z-•lçí¬ ÖçúøçúÕ)Naveen: OK. Sir. (Å™«Íí ≤ƒ®˝)

II. Mahesh: Why was the teacher angry with

Naveen and Ramani?

(Naveen, Ramani O’ü¿ teacher èπ◊áçü¿’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ´*açC?)

Rakesh: They were talking. Naveen toldRamani to leave her book with him,and to take his book and return it thenext day.

(¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eoûª†-éÀ*a, ûª† °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊E, ´’®Ω’-ÆæöÀ®Ó>-ý-´’E †OØ˛ ®Ω´’-ùÀûÓ ÅØ√oúø’.)

Mahesh: I heard Ramani's words. She request-ed him to let her have both the books.

(®Ω´’ùÀ ´÷ô©’ ØË†’ NØ√o†’. È®çúø’ °æ¤Ææh-é¬©÷ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-E- y- ’E Å¶µºu-Jnç-*çC)

Rakesh: Naveen then told her to take both ofthem but to make sure she returnedthem the day after next.

(Å°æ¤púø’ È®çúø’ °æ¤Ææh-é¬©÷ BÂÆ\-∞¡-´’F,éπ*a-ûªçí¬ á©’xçúÕ (È®çvúÓ-V© ûª®√yûª)AJ-T- y- ’F, Naveen ®Ω´’-ùÀûÓ ÅØ√oúø’.)

Mahesh: I was sitting next to Ramani. So Iheard her. She requested him toallow her to keep them for at leastthree days.

(®Ω´’ùÀ °æéπ\ØË èπÿîª’Ø√o. Ç¢Á’ îÁ°œpçCØË†’ NØ√o, éπFÆæç ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©Ø√oÖçîª’-éÓ-E--ý-´’-E ®Ω´’ùÀ ÅúÕ-TçC.)

Rakesh: Then the teacher ordered them bothto stop talking.

(Teacher ¢√∞¡xE ´÷ö«x-úøôç Ç°æ-´’EÇïc-°œç-î√úø’.)

Mahesh: Then both ofthem request-ed the teachernot to be angryand to excusethem that once.

(¢√∞¡x-°æ¤púø’ éÓ°æp-úø-´-ü¿lE, Ñ≤ƒ-JéÀéπ~N’ç-îª-´’Eteacher †’ Å¶µºu-Jnç-î√®Ω’ )

Rakesh: The teacher was still angry. He

ordered them to concentrate on the

lesson, to keep their mouths shut or to

get out.

(Teacher Éçé¬ éÓ°æçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’, ¢√∞¡x†’lesson O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd Â°ôd-´’F, ØÓ®Ω’´‚Ææ’éÓ-´’E ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡-´’F -Å-Ø√o-úø’.)Naveen then requested/ pleaded with

the teacher again not to be cross.

Observe: I) The conversation between

Naveen and Ramani, and II)

Mahesh and Rakesh reporting the

conversation between Naveen and

Ramani.

O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’– Part I ™ †OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀÆæç¶µ«-≠æ-ù†’, Part II ™ Mahesh, Rakesh

reported (indirect) speech ™ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç.ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Part II ™, ´’Ê£«≠ˇ®√Íé-≠ˇ†’ ÅúÕ-T† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æ¨¡o: Why was the

teacher angry with Naveen and Ramani?

Åçõ‰, Éçü¿’™ was ´©x ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’h†oN≠æßª’ç: †OØ˛, ®Ω´’-ùÀ© Ææç¶µ«-≠æù í∫ûªç™ïJ-Tç-ü¿E, Ç N≠æ-ßª÷Eo°æ¤púø’ Mahesh, Rakesh

v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®ΩE.É™« í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù†’ reported

speech èπ◊ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, told, requested,

ordered ÅE Past doing word ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.

Å™«é¬èπ◊çú≈ éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ™«í¬ á°æ¤púø’ïJ-T† Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù†’ Å°æ¤púË report îËÊÆh tell/ ask/request/ order/ wish ™«çöÀ verbs†’ I Regulardoing word/ II Regular doing word/ am+ing,is+ing, are+ing/ have+pp/ has+pp (past par-ticiple) form ™ begin îË≤ƒhç.)Â°j† †OØ˛èπÿ ®Ω´’ùÀéÃ í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù†’ ´’Ê£«≠ˇ, ®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ reported speech ™îÁ°æ¤h-Ø√o®Ω’. Direct speech †’ç* reported èπ◊´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd éÀçC ´÷®Ω’p©’èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç.

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECHI, You (-ØË-†’, †’´¤y) He, SheWe, You (-¢Ë’-´·, -´’-†ç, O’®Ω’) TheyMe, You (-Ø√èπ◊, -†-†’o, Fèπ◊, E†’o) Him, herUs (´’†Lo, ´’†èπ◊/ - ’- ’t-Lo, ´÷èπ◊) ThemYou (O’èπ◊) ThemMy, Your (-Ø√, F) His/ Her

Our, Your (- ÷, - ’-†, O’) TheirMine, Yours (-Ø√-C, FC) His/ HerOurs, Yours (-- ÷-C, O’C) TheirsThis (-É-C) ThatThese (-É-N) ThoseToday, Yesterday, Tomorrow That day, The

day before, Thenext day ´®Ω-Ææí¬

Now Then

Important: Â°j ´÷®Ω’p-©Fo Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•-öÀdîËßª÷-Lq† ´÷®Ω’p™‰. ÅüË °æEí¬ îËßª÷-Lq†Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ´·êuçí¬ English ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’. É°æ¤púø’ O’JçéÓ N≠æßª’ç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:

†OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀ Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ùçû√, imperative (Çïc©’,Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ° sentences- é¬•öÀdreported speech, to + 1st Regular doing word

ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç– éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ îª÷Æœ-†ô’x.)†O-Ø˛èπ◊, ®Ω´’-ùÀéÀ ïJ-T† Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù†’, direct

speech ™, indirect speech ™ éÀç-ü¿ °æ-öÀdéπ-™îª÷úøçúÕ.


II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 13 -V-™„j 2006

DIRECT SPEECH

1. Naveen (to Ramani): Leave your bookswith me. You take the other book and returnit tomorrow.

2. Ramani (to Naveen): Please let me haveboth the books.

3. Naveen (to Ramani): Take both of themand make sure that you return them the dayafter.

4. Ramani (to Naveen): Please allow me tokeep them for at least three days.

5. Teacher (to Ramani & Naveen): Stop talk-ing both of you.

6. Naveen & Ramani (to teacher): Don't beangry, sir. Excuse us this once.

7. Teacher (to Naveen and Ramani):Concentrate on the lesson. Keep yourmouths shut or get out of the class

8. Naveen (to Teacher): Please, sir, don't becross with us.

REPORTED SPEECH

µ Naveen told Ramani (ÉC í∫ûªç é¬•öÀd) toleave her book with him and take his bookand return it the next day.

µ She (Ramani) requested him to let her haveboth the books.

µ Naveen then told her to take both of thembut to make sure she returned them the dayafter.

µ She (Ramani) requested him to allow her tokeep them for at least three days.

µ The teacher ordered them both to stop talking.

µ Both of them (Naveen and Ramani) request-ed the teacher not to be angry and excusethem that once.

µ He (the teacher) ordered them to concen-trate on the lesson, to keep their mouthsshut or get out of the class.

µ Naveen then requested/ pleaded with theteacher not to be cross with them.

-Ñ passage †’ Report îËßª’çúÕ

(English ™ Gí∫_-®Ωí¬).

Kowmudi: F birthday Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´îËa-¢√®Ωç ††’o ÆœE´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’ÈéRxdinner É´¤y.

Kavitha: †’´¤y punctual í¬ ´÷ Éç-öÀéÀ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 2:30 èπ◊ ®√.

Kowmudi: Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJí¬_ Ç®ÓV È®çúÕç-öÀéÀí∫’®Ω’h-îË®·, ØË†’ ®√èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰îª÷úø’.

Kavitha: ´îËa--ô°æ¤púø’ O’ îÁ™„xLo èπÿú≈BÆæ’-èπ◊®√!

Kowmudi: ´÷ îÁ™„xL N≠æßª’ç °æöÀdç-îª’-éÓèπ◊.™‰ü¿çõ‰ †’¢Ëy -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÆœ ü∆Eo°œ©’´¤.

Kavitha: Ç N≠æßª’ç Ø√éÌ-C-™„ß’.†’´‹y-JÍé ûª†ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p.

Kowmudi: Å™«Íí.

ANSWER

tKowmudi asks/ asked Kavitha to take

her to a movie and give her a dinner on

her birthday next week.

tKavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to go

home to Kavitha exactly at 2.30

tKowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to

remind her at 2 that day and see if she

(Kowmudi) doesn't/ wouldn't come.

tKavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to bring

her sister along.

tKowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to

leave her sister alone or call her her-

self.

tKavitha then tells/ told her to leave the

matter to her, and just to tell her sister

of it.

tKowmudi said OK.

She requested him to ..


M. SURESAN

Pridhvi: Hi Akash, I am very happy today.

Akash: Are you, really? Why so?

(Å´¤Ø√? áçü¿’éÓ?)Pridhvi: My exam results are out and I have

passed with a very high score.

(Ø√ exam results ´î√a®·. ØË†’ î√™«´’ç*´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ pass Åßª÷u†’)

Akash: Congrats. That makes me really

happy. You owe me and Varun a treat.

(Congrats. ÅC ††’o î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-®Ω’-≤ÚhçC. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊, ´®Ω’ù˝èπ◊ NçC-¢√yL.)

Treat- Nçü¿’; Owe- ¶«éÃ Öçúøôç.He owes me Rs.100 = Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ®Ω÷.100 ¶«éÃHe owes his greatness to his father =

(ÅûªúÕ íÌ°æpûªØ√-EéÀ ¢√∞¡x Ø√ØËo é¬®Ωùç)

Pridhvi: Who is coming here? Oh, it is Varun.

(á´®Ω’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√®Ω’? ã... ´®Ω’ù˝.)Varun: I heard you both talking about results

and treat. What is it?

(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ àüÓ results, treat í∫’Jç*´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. àçôC?)

Akash: Pridhvi has just told me that his exam

results are out and that he has passed

with a high score (ûª† exam results

´î√a-ßª’F, ûª†’ ´’ç* marks ûÓ pass

Åßª÷u-†F É°æ¤púË Ø√ûÓ Pridhvi îÁ§ƒpúø’.)Varun: That's great. Congrats Pridhvi. How

about a treat then? (î√™« íÌ°æpN≠æßª’ç. Congrats. ´’J treat ( dinner)

´÷õ‰-N’öÀ?)Pridhvi: Akash has said that it really makes him

happy and that I owe you and him atreat. I am ready. Just fix the date andtime. (ÅC ¢√úÕE î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-Â°-úø’-ûÓç-ü¿F, ØË†’ ûª†èπÿ, Fèπÿ ã treat (dinner)É¢√y-©F Çé¬≠ˇ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ÅØ√oúø’. ØË†’ready. Date, time O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îªçúÕ)

Akash: Varun, you have heard what Pridhvihas said. He is telling us that he isready, and to fix the date and time forthe dinner. (´®Ω’ù˝, NØ√o-´¤í¬. °æ%Cµy àçîÁ§ƒpúÓ. ¢√úÕîËa treat èπ◊ ´’†Lo date,time E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-´’-Ø√oúø’)

Pridhvi: Mom's calling me. I'll be back in aminute. You decide and let me knowwhere to go and when to go and I willtake you there and then. Don't botherabout the expenses. (´÷ Å´’t°œ©’≤ÚhçC. *öÀ-Èé™ AJ-íÌ≤ƒh. á°æ¤púø’,áéπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x™ O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç* Ø√èπ◊îÁ°æpçúÕ. Åéπ\-úÕéÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡û√. ê®Ω’a©í∫’Jç* °æöÀdç-îª’-éÓ-éπçúÕ)

Varun: Have you heard what he has said? He

has told us to decide and let him know

where to go and when to go and he

will take us there. He has told us too

not to bother about expenses. How

generous he is!

(¢√úË-´’-Ø√oúÓ NØ√o¢√? á°æ¤p-úø’ áéπ\úÕÈé∞«x™´’†ç E®Ωg®·ç* ¢√úÕûÓ îÁGûË ¢√úø’ ´’†Lo Åéπ\-úÕéÀ BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á∞¡-û√-†E ÅØ√oúø’. ê®Ω’a© N≠æßª’ç°æöÀdç-îª’-éÓ-´-ü¿lE èπÿú≈ ÅØ√oúø’. íÌ°æp Öü∆-®Ω’úË!)

Akash: He is back. Pridhvi it will be tomorrow.

We will to go the matinee show of

Chilipi and then have a dinner at

Shadrasa restaurant. (°æ%Cµy ´îËa- »úø’.°æ%Cµy, Í®°æ¤ ´’†ç *L°œ ´÷uöÃo -≥Ú èπ◊ ¢ÁRx,≠ævúøÆæ restaurant ™ dinner îËü∆lç)

Pridhvi: That's OK, then.

Now look at the partof the conversationbetween Pridhvi andAkash at the begin-ning of the lesson.

Pridhvi (to Akash): My

exam results are out

and I have passed

with a very high score.

°æ%Cµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o direct speech ™E Â°jsentence, statement form ™ ÖçC; state-

ment Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo îÁÊ°p sentence.

(´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ report îËßª’ôç ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-†oC – imperative (Çïc©÷, Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷, etc.

ûÁLÊ°) sentence)

É°æ¤púø’ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œp† statement †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ (Reported speech èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’),that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.

Â°j† °æ%Dµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o ´÷ô-©†’, Çé¬≠ˇ,´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ report îËßª’ôç îª÷úøçúÕ.

(Akash to Varun): Pridhvi has just told me that

his exam results are out and that he has

passed with a very high score

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Akash ´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ îÁ°æpôç (°æ%CµyÅ†o N≠æ-ßª÷Eo) that ûÓ begin Å´ôç; N’í∫û√´÷®Ω’p-©Fo ´÷´‚™‰ éπü∆.

Look at the following table.

éÀçC´Fo èπÿú≈ statements, imperatives.


-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 15 --V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ II

He says that he is ..


M. SURESAN

DIRECT SPEECH

1. Akash (To Pridhvi): That makes me really

happy. You owe me and Varun a treat

2. Pridhvi (To Varun & Akash): I am ready.

Just fix the date and time. - I am ready - ÉCstatement. Just fix the date and time - ÉCimperative

3. Pridhvi (To Akash & Varun): You decide

and let me to know where to go and when to

go and I will take you there and then.

''You decide and let me know......to go..." ÉCimperative.

I will take you there- ÉC statement.

INDIRECT SPEECH tPridhvi reporting Akash's words to Varun:

Akash has said that it really makes him happyand that I owe you and Akash a treat

tAkash reporting Pridhvi's words to Varun: Heis telling us that he is ready, and to fix thedate and time. 'he is ready' - statement é¬•öÀdthat ûÓ, 'fix the date and time' imperativeé¬•öÀd, to ûÓ begin Å´¤-û√®·.

tVarun reporting Pridhvi's words to Akash: Hehas told us to decide and let him know whereto go and when to go, and that he will take usthere. Ééπ\úø, 'He has told.. to go' ´®Ωèπÿ imper-ative é¬•öÀd to ûÓ, 'he will take us there' state-ment é¬•öÀd that ûÓ begin îË≤ƒhç.

DIRECT

1. Rama Rao: Wait here till I come back.

(ØË†’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Ééπ\úË Öçúø’.)(Imperative)

Vinai: Please come back early, dad. I amhungry. (ûªy®Ωí¬ ®√ -Ø√-Ø√-o, Ø√èπ◊ ÇéπLí¬ÖçC.) (Imperative + statement)

2. Patient: Doctor, I have a temperature and asevere cold.

(ú≈éπd®˝ , ä∞¡Ÿx ¢ËúÕí¬ ÖçC. ¶«í¬ ï©’•’îËÆœçC.) (statement)

Doctor: Take these tablets and you will becured by the evening.

(Ñ ö«¶„xö¸q BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«xO’èπ◊ †ßª’´’´¤ûª’çC) (Imperative +statement)

3. Doctor (To patient): Take a cold showerbefore breakfast if youwant to keep fit.

(Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈©çõ‰ breakfast ´·çü¿’îªFo∞¡x ≤ƒo†ç îÁß’) – Imperative

4. Sumathi (To Sumanth): You've wasted yourtime and money and that's why youare in trouble now.

(†’´¤y time, úø•’s, ´%ü∑∆ îË¨»´¤. Åçü¿’-´-™‰x †’´¤y éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o´¤)– statement

5. Teacher (To students): Imitate my pronunci-ation if you want to speak well.

(O’®Ω’ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ Ø√ Ö-î√a®ΩùÅ†’-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ) – Imperative

INDIRECT (REPORTED)tRama Rao asks his son to wait there till he

comes back.

Vinai asks/ requests his father to come backearly. He says that he is hungry.

(ûª†’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Åéπ\úË Öçúø-´’E éÌúø’èπ◊ûÓ®√´÷-®√´¤ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’. N†ß’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o†’ûªy®Ωí¬ ®Ω´’tE Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ûª†èπ◊ Çéπ-Lí¬Öçü¿E Åçô’-Ø√oúø’.)

tThe patient has complained to the doctor thatshe has a temperature and a severe cold.

The doctor advises her to take those tabletsand says that she will be cured by theevening.

(Patient ûª†èπ◊ temperature, ï©’•’í¬ Öçü¿E doc-tor ûÓ îÁ°œpçC. Doctor Ç tablets BÆæ’-éÓ-´’E Ææ©£æ…É*a, ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«x †ßª’- ’- ¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E ÅØ√oúø’)

tThe doctor tells the patient to take a coldshower before breakfast if he/ she wants to befit. (Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ breakfast ´·çü¿’ îªFo∞¡x≤ƒo†ç îËßª’- ’E doctor, ®ÓTûÓ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’)

tSumathi is telling Sumanth that he has wastedhis time and money and that's why he is introuble now.

(Sumanth ûª† úø•÷s, time ´%ü∑∆ îË¨»-úøF, Åçü¿’-´--™‰x éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o-úøF Sumathi ÅçöçC.)

tThe teacher is telling/ is asking the students toimitate her if they want to speak well.

(¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ ûª††’ Å†’-éπ-Jç-îª-´’ENü∆u-®Ω’n©ûÓ teacher ÅçöçC.)

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç Imperative sentences -†’, statements †÷ Reported (Indirect) speech ™éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç(Report îËßª’ôç) ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷ü∆lç:

DIRECT

Sujani: Rajani, If you are going to the market,

get me a dozen mangoes, please.

Rajani: I will, but tell me how much you want

me to spend.

Sujani: Not more than Rs. 100 a dozen. Don't

buy if it is more than that.

Rajani: Don't expect me back early.

Sujani: Doesn't matter when you come back.

Take this hundred rupees.

Rajani: Give it to me after I return.

REPORTEDtSujani is asking Rajani to get her a dozen

mangoes if she is going to the market.

tRajani says she will, but is asking Sujani to tellher how much she wants her to spend.

tSujani tells Rajani not to spend more thanRs.100.

tRajani tells Sujani not to expect her back early

tSujani replies that it doesn't matter whenRajani comes back and asks her to takeRs.100.

tRajani tells Sujani to give to her after shereturned.

EXERCISE

Put the following first in English and then

report it (change it into reported speech. Use

reporting verbs only in present tense. is

telling/ tells/ has told/ is asking/ asks/ has

asked etc.)

Sujani: ®ΩïF, †’´¤y market èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-ôx-®·ûË Ø√éÓdozen ´÷N’-úÕ-°æçúø’x BÆæ’-èπ◊®√ please.

Rajani: ûÁ≤ƒh†’. -†-ØÁoçûª Â°ôd-´’ç-ö«¢Ó îÁ°æ¤pSujani: Dozen ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’-©-éπçõ‰ ´ü¿’l. Åçûª-

éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢ÁjûË éÌØÌü¿’l.Rajani: ØË†’ ûªy®Ωí¬ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh-†E Å†’-éÓ-´ü¿’l.Sujani: †’¢Áy-°æ¤p-úÌ-*aØ√ °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ÉCíÓ Ñ ´çü¿

BÆæ’éÓ...Rajani: ûÁ*a† ûª®√yûª É´¤y.

Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise. Be quiet.

(NFû√, íÌúø´ îËßª’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’.)Vinitha: Give me those sweets then, mom.

(Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y--ô’x Éý´÷t.)Kavitha: You've already had a quite a lot. Be a

good child.

(É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤/ A-†o-C î√©’.´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆)

Vinitha: Let me have just one more piece of

Kalakand. I will not ask for more.

(äéπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y.ØË†’ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’)Kavitha: That'll be one too many, child. No. Do

your home work first. If you eat any

more, you will fall ill.

(ÉçéÌéπ\öÀ áèπ◊\¢ÁjØ√ áèπ◊\-¢Áj-†õ‰x. ™‰ü¿’.´·çü¿’ £æ«Ù-¢’-´®˝\ îÁ®·u. Éçé¬ Açõ‰,äçöÀéÀ -Å-Ø√®Óí∫uç -îËÆæ’hç-C.)

Vinitha: Then give it after I do my homework.

(Å®·ûË £æ«Ù-¢’-´®˝\ îËÆœ† ûª®√yûª É´¤y.)Kavitha: You are not getting any more for

today. I'm going to tell dad you are

asking for too many sweets.

(Ééπ Ñ ®ÓV-éÀç-ûË / Ééπ Ñ®ÓV Æ‘y-ö¸q àç-™‰-´¤. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ Æ‘y-ö¸q Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o-É Ø√†oûÓ îÁ-•’-û√-†’çúø’.)

Vinitha: I will tell dad too that you aren't giving

me any sweets.

(†’ý-Ææ©’ Æ‘y-ö¸q Éý-ôç -™‰-ü¿E Ø√†oûÓØË†÷ îÁ§ƒh)

Kavitha: Come on. Get your books and start

doing the home work. You are talking

too much.

(£æ«Ù-¢’-´®˝\ é¬F. °æ¤Ææh-é¬©’ ûÁîª’a-èπ◊E ¢Á·ü¿--©’ Â°ô’d. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤)

Vinitha: Please... mom. Let me watch the TV

for some time. I will do the home work

later.

(Å´÷t.. Å´÷t... é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ -öÃ-O îª÷--úø-E-¢√y?Ç ûª®√yûª £æ«Ù-¢’-´®˝\ îË≤ƒh†’.)

Kavitha: OK. Go on then.

(ÆæÍ®, Å™«Íí é¬E-ß’)You must have observed that the conversation

between the mother and her daughter has only

imperatives (Çïc©’, Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©’) and

statements. (äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sentences)

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Imperative sentences †÷,statements †÷ reported speech ™éÀ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’ Reporting Verb, present tense ™ É™«¢√ú≈ç .

tell/ tells/ is, am, are telling/ have, has told/

ask/ asks/ is, am, are asking/ have, has

asked.

É°æ¤púø’ mother and daughter conversation †’´’†ç past tense reported verb ûÓ report

(Indirect) speech ™ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. (Åçõ‰ told/

asked/ ordered/ said ™«çöÀ verbs ûÓ) ¢Á·ØÁo-°æ¤púÓ ïJ-T† Ææç¶µ«-≠æù Ñ¢√∞¡ -J-§Ú® d îË »- ’-†’-éÓçúÕ.

Å°æ¤púø’ á´®Ó Past ™ îÁ°œpçC, É°æ¤púø’ ´’†-´÷-ô™x ´’†ç á™« v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç...He/ she/ they, told/ asked/ said/ ordered ÅE

past tense ™ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææhñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç.

´’†ç -J-§Ú®˝d îËÆæ’h†o ¢√∞¡x ´÷ô-™xE Verbs ÅFoPast tense forms ™éÀ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.

Look at the following

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. Suketh, Subodh ´÷ô-©†’ ´’†çreport îËÊÆ-°æ¤púø’ reporting verb, told, said ™«çöÀpast forms ¢√ú≈L. Åçü¿’-éπE Suketh, Subodh ©´÷ô-™xE Present tense verbs is, have ™«çöÀ¢√öÀE was, had ™«çöÀ past forms èπ◊ ´÷®√aç.

Å®·ûË ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æßª’ç Direct †’ç* reported èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, Imperative

Sentences ™E Verb tenses ´÷vûªç ´÷®Ωaç.a) Teacher: Ram, show me your home work -

Direct speech.

The teacher asked Ram to show

her, his home work. Direct speech

™E 'show' ´’†ç reported speech

™ to show -ÅE infinitive í¬´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. – (Imperative sentence

é¬•öÀd)b) Ram: Come in Shyam and have a seat.

Ram told Shyam to come in and have

a seat. (Imperative, direct ™E come

†’ ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ to come in

ÅE infinitive í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.-N’í∫û√ types of sentences †’ report

îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤úø’, Reporting verb told/ asked

™« past tense ™ Öçõ‰, report îËÊÆ ´÷ô-™xE verbs ÅEo Verbs, past tense ™éÀ´÷®√aL; éÀçC Nüµ¿çí¬: -

--´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 18 --V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ II

´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆!


Direct Speech

1. Suketh: Come in Subodh. My idea is

to take you to a movie this evening (®√Ææ’¶üµ˛, -Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç -E-†’o ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-´’E Ø√ -Ç-™-îª-†.)

2. Subodh: Put it off to tomorrow. I

have some important work in the

evening. (Í®°æöÀéÀ ¢√®·ü∆ -¢Ë-≤Ú\.≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ø√èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†- °æE ÖçC)

Reported (Indirect) Speech

Suketh told Subodh to come in and said that his idea

was to take him to a movie that evening (Ææ’Íéû˝ Ææ’¶-üµ˛†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®Ω´’tE Åûª-úÕE Ç ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé∞ÏxÇ™-îª† Öçü¿E îÁ§ƒpúø’)

Subodh told Suketh to put it off to the next day and

added/said that he had some important work in the

evening (ü∆Eo ´’®Ω’-Ææ-öÀ-®Ó-Vèπ◊ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E, ûª†èπ◊ Ç≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´·êu-¢Á’i-†-°æE Öçü¿F ÅØ√oúø’)

Direct Reported

am, is, are was, were

was, were had been

1st RDW (come, go etc) Past Doing Word

2nd RDW (comes, (came, went etc)

goes etc)

PDW (came, went etc) had + past participle

(had come, had gone

etc)

shall should

will would

can could

may might

should

must

have to had to

has to

´÷ö«x-úÕ† ¢√J ´÷ô-™xE verb tenses Â°j Nüµ¿çí¬´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.

Direct

Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise.

Be quiet (íÌúø´ îËßª’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’)

Vinitha: Give me those sweets then,

mom (Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y--ö¸q É-´¤y)

Kavitha: You have already had

enough. Be a good child and don't eat

any more. (É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤.´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆. Éçéπ A†èπ◊.)

Vinitha: Let me just one more piece of

Kalakand. I will not ask for more. (ÉçéÓ´·éπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y. ØËEçéπ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’.)

Reported

Kavitha asked (Past tense) Vinitha not to make a

noise and be quiet. (éπ-N-ûª, NF-ûª†’ íÌúø´ îÁßÁ·uü¿lE, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø-´’E îÁ°œpçC) – È®çúø÷ Imperative é¬•öÀd, to

make and be quiet Å-ØË-N infinitives.

Vinitha asked her mom to give her those sweets (ûª†èπ◊-Ç Æ‘y--ö¸q É´’tE NFûª ¢√∞¡x-´’t-†-úÕ-TçC) Imperative- to give

- infinitive.

Kavitha told Vinitha that she had already had enough.

She told Vinitha to be a good child and not to eat any

more. 'You have already had...' ÉC statement. é¬•öÀd,that you had already had Å´¤-ûª’çC.

Vinitha asked her mother to let her have one more

piece of kalakand and said that she would not ask for

more.

'I will not... more'- statement é¬•öÀd, ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ that -ûÓ begin îË≤ƒhç. will -†’ would í¬ ´÷®√aç í∫ü∆.

Let us now try to report the

conversation at the begining

of the lesson between the

mother and her daughter.

(See above table )

Exercise:

Kavitha, her daughter conver-

sation (at the beginning of the lesson) N’í∫û√¶µ«í¬Eo É™« °æöÀdéπ UÆœ, report îËßª’çúÕ.Reported/Indirect Speech ™éÀ ´÷Ja, -Gí∫_®Ωí¬ -v§ƒéÃdÆˇ--îË-ßª’ç-úÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ßª’ç-úÕ..URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-v°æ--¨¡o: Mean while, However, So that, In order to,

By way of °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’, ¢√úø’éπ ûÁL-ßª’-îË-ßª’çúÕ.

– Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤, §ÒCL.

-ï-¢√-•’: Mean while

1) v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÃ, ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u™ (Ñ ™í¬)

a) The guests will be here in an hour. Mean-

while let us prepare a good meal for

them =

ÅAü∑¿’©’ í∫çô™ ´îËa-≤ƒh®Ω’. Ñ™í¬ ´’†ç ´’ç* ¶µï†ç ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËü∆lç.

b) I will be leaving in 10 min-

utes. Meanwhile I want to call

my friend =

ØË†’ 10 EN’-≥ƒ™x ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o. Ñ™-í¬ ´÷ -vÂ°∂ç-ú˛éÀ -äéπ≤ƒ-J -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËßª÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.

2) È®çúø’ í∫ûª Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-© π◊ ´’üµ¿u..a) We agreed to meet the next week. Meanwhile I

had to leave for Mumbai on urgent business =

¢Ë’ç ûª®√yûª ¢√®Ωç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Éçûª™(Ç™-í¬)ØË†’ -Å®Ωbç-ö¸ °æE-O’ü¿ ´·ç¶„j ¢Á∞«x-™Ôq-*açC.

b) I met him five years later. Meanwhile he had

got married =

Åûª-úÕE ØË†’ âüË∞¡x ûª®√yûª éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o. Ñ --™í¬Åûªúø’ Â°Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.-

HoweverHowever èπ◊ äéπ Å®Ωnç but (é¬F, Å®·ûË). ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ but ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµçîªç. Å®·ûË how-

ever ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµç-îª- îª’a. (´·çü¿’ îÁ°œp†N≠æ-ßª÷-EéÀ -Gµ-†oçí¬, úA-Í®-éπçí¬ àüÁjØ√ N≠æßª’ç îÁ§ƒp-Lq-´ÊÆh, Ç N≠æ-ßª÷Eo however ûÓ îÁ§ƒhç)

However– sentence ´’üµ¿u™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø- îª’a.a) The book gives very valuable information.

However it is very expensive =

Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç î√™« N©’-¢Áj† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÉÆæ’hçC. é¬-F/-Å®·ûË üµ¿®Ω î√™« áèπ◊\´.

b) I lent him my book, which, however, he

never returned =

¢√úÕéÀ Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a†’. é¬E ¢√úø’ ´’Sx Ø√èπ◊AJ-T-ý-™‰ü¿’.

So that So that Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’-éÓÆæç ÅE Å®Ωnç.

a) He worked very hard so that hemight get a rank =

´’ç* rank ´Ææ’hç-ü¿ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓéπ≠æd-°æúÕ îªC-¢√úø’.b) She started early so that she

might not miss the train =È®j-©’ -ûª°œp-§Úèπÿ-úø-ü¿-ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ -ûªy®Ωí¬

•ßª’-™‰l-JçC. a) Inorder to: In order to pass you must study

well = -§ƒÆˇ ÅßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ îªü¿-¢√L.b) In order to qualify for IIT entrance test you

should pass Inter in the first attemptIIT entrance exam èπ◊ Å®Ω|ûª §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ -Éç-ô®˝¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æßª’-ûªoç-™ØË -§ƒÆˇ Å¢√yL.Å®·ûË, In order to ¢√úË -v°æ-A -îÓ-ö« to ¢√úÌîª’a. ÉCsimple, In order to éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç. ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈Öçúøôç ´’ç*C. to î√©’. In order to Åéπ\-Í®x-ü¿’.

By way of (Ç ®Ω÷°æç™)He received Rs.10 lac by way of dowry =Åûªúø’ éπôoç ®Ω÷°æç™ 10 ©éπ~© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’©’ -BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.b) Drona demanded Ekalavya's thumb by way

of 'gurudakshina'.vüÓù’úø’ í∫’®Ω’-ü¿-éÀ~-ùí¬ àéπ-©-´¤uúÕ ¶Ôô-†-¢Ë©’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’.

M. SURESAN

Manasa: Hi Lalasa, come in. Have a seat.

(®√, èπÿ®Óa)Lalasa: Thank you. I am dead tired.

(î√™« Å©-Æœ-§Úßª÷)Manasa: Have some coffee then. It won't take

more than a minute for me to makeit.

(Å®·ûË é¬Ææh coffee B≤Ú\. éπ~ù«™x îË≤ƒh)Lalasa: Sure, that'd be most welcome.

(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈)Manasa: It's brewing now. Tell me why you

are so tired.

(coffee Å´¤-ûÓçC. É°æ¤púø’ îÁ°æ¤p, -†’-´¤yáçü¿’-éπ-©-Æœ-§Ú-ßª÷¢Ó)

(brew = coffee ™«çöÀN îËßª’ôç. ´’J-TçîËv°ævéÀ-ßª’†’ brew Åçö«®Ω’)

Lalasa: My boss is an evening walker. Shewanted me to walk with her to herhome for company.

(´÷ boss evenings †úø’-Ææ’hçC. ûª†-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ¢√Rç-öÀéÀ ††÷o †úø- - ’çC)

Manasa: So you walked. How far?

(Åçü¿’-éπE †’´¤y †úÕ-î√´¤. áçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç?)Lalasa: Oh, my! It is nearly four kilometers.

(Å¶s, Ø√©’í∫’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ω’x). On theway back I dropped in here. (AJT´îËaô°æ¤púø’ Ééπ\úø Çí¬†’)

Manasa: Don't regret. You have had a goodexercise

(*çAç-îª-èπ◊™‰, ÅüÓ ´’ç* exercise)Lalasa: Try it yourself now. You will then

know what it means to walk four

kms.

(†’´¤y †úÕ* îª÷úø’. Å°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçCØ√©’í∫’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ω’x †úø-´ôç Åçõ‰àN’ö?)

Manasa: Don't be angry. I said it just for fun.

Here's the coffee. Have it and relax.

(éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊, ØËØËüÓ ûª´÷-≥ƒ-éπ-Ø√o-†’™‰.ÉCíÓ é¬°∂‘. û√T é¬Ææh Nv¨»çA BÆæ’éÓ)

Lalasa: Thank you. You make very good

coffee.

(Thank you. †’´¤y é¬°∂‘ î√™« ¶«í¬îË≤ƒh´¤)

Manasa: Choose good coffee powder. Have

fresh milk about. That's the recipe

for good coffee.

(´’ç* coffee §ÒúÕ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’éÓ. û√ñ«§ƒ©’ ûÁîª’aéÓ. ´’ç* coffee éÀ ÅCÆæ÷vûªç.)

recipe È®ÆœÂ° = ´çô-é¬-EéÀ Ææ÷vûªçLalasa: Thanks once again.

éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC,imperative (Çïc©’, Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©’ûÁLÊ°) sentences †’, statements (äéπN≠æßª’ç ûÁLÊ° sentences) †’ report

îËßª’ôç.´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o ÉçéÌEo ´·êu N≠æ-ßª÷©’:1) Report îËÆæ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ says/ am, is, are

saying/ has/ have said, tells/ is telling/

are telling/ have told/ has told/ ask etc

™«çöÀ present tense reported verbs †’¢√úÕ†°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç report îËÆæ’h-†o-¢√∞¡x´÷ô™xE verbs tenses ´÷®√a-Lq† °æE-™‰ü¿’.

2) Reporting verb past tense Å®·ûË (Åçõ‰said/ was, were saying/ told/ was/ weretelling/ ordered/ was, were ordered/ etcÅ®·ûË) éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ îª÷°œ-†-ô’xí¬´’†ç report îËÆæ’h-†o-¢√∞¡x ´÷ô-™xE verbsÅEoç-öÀE past tense forms èπ◊ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.

3) Imperative sentences †’ reportîËÊÆô°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀ-™E verbs ´·çü¿’ 'to' Â°öÀdinfinitive îË≤ƒhç. é¬•öÀd OöÀ™x tense´÷®Ω’p v°æÆæ-éÀh-®√ü¿’. Eg: See the table.

É°æ¤púø’ imperative combination ™‰èπ◊çú≈Íé´©ç statements †’ ´÷vûªç á™« reportîËßª÷™ îª÷ü∆lç.

Mallesh: Our friends will be here soon. Weare going to have a jolly time withthem.

(´’† friends éÌCl-ÊÆ-°æöx Ééπ\-úø’ç-ö«®Ω’.´’†ç é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø-§Òîª’a.)

jolly= Ææ®Ωü∆.A jolly fellow= Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’

Kamesh: I hope they will have their dinnerwith us. We can go to a movie afterthat.

(¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†ûÓ ¶µï†ç îË≤ƒh-®ΩE ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Ç ûª®√yûª ´’†ç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞Ôîª’a.)

Ñ Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ùçû√ statements (äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷EoûÁLÊ° sentences) éπü∆.

È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ statements †’ éπL°œ reportîËßª÷Lq ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, äéπ statement èπÿ ÉçéÓstatement èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u and that Â°úøû√ç. Table ™É™« Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. È®çúø’ statementséπçõ„ áèπ◊\-´¤-†o-°æ¤púø’ ´‚úÓ statements èπ◊, he/she etc, added/ said further Åçö«ç. É°æ¤púø’Mallesh, Kamesh conversation report îËü∆lç.Reported verb, past tense ¢√úøü∆ç.Mallesh told Kamesh that their friendswould be there soon and that they weregoing to have a jolly time with them.

Kamesh said that he hoped they wouldhave their dinner with them and that theycould all go to a movie after that. Â°j†îª÷¨»-®Ω’ -éπü∆: Mallesh, Kamesh Å†o È®çúø’statements †’ and that ûÓ éπL§ƒç.Another point:

Kamesh: I hope they will have their dinnerwith us -

DEE report îËßª÷Lq-†-°æ¤púø’,Kamesh said that he hoped ÅØ√oç éπü∆. -É-™«Ææ÷vûªv°æé¬-®Ωçí¬ ÅØË •ü¿’©’,Kamesh hoped that Å-†- îª’a. ÉC simpler,natural.

É°æ¤púø’ more than two statements á™«report îÁ-ßª’-u-´îÓa îª÷ü∆lç:Suresh: Hi Manish, I am happy that I final-

ly got the book. I searched thewhole of the market finally I foundit in a small shop. This was theonly copy available.

Ééπ\úø four statements Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.OöÀE report (Indirect speech) îËü∆lç. pasttense, reported verb Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tü∆lç.Suresh told Manish that he was happy that hehad finally got the book, and that he hadsearched the whole of the market. He addedthat finally he had found it in a small shop andthat that was the only copy available.


-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 21 --V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

That'd be most welcome-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 187-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

DIRECT1. Kanya: Stop talking,

you, Sirisha.(Imperative)

2. Kavya: Sravya, I am

going to town

with sister.

Please come

with us.

3. Suman: Hi Kiran, takethe book andread the linesunderlined onpage 23. Youwill find whatyou need.

REPORTED SPEECH

1. a) Kanya is asking (present tense) Sirisha to stop talking.

b) Kanya asked (past tense) Sirisha to stop talking.

2. a) (Present tense reporting verb)Kavya is telling Sravya that she (Kavya) is going to townwith sister and requests Sravya to go with them

b) (Reporting verb - Past)Kavya told Sravya that she (Kavya) was going to townwith sister and requested her to go with them.

3. a) (Reporting verb - present) Suman is asking/ asks Kiran

to take the book and read the lines underlined on page

23 and says that he will find what he need.

b) (Reporting verb - Past)

Suman asked Kiran to take the book and read the lines

underlined on page 23 and said that he would find what

he needed.

1. Manasa: Lalasa,come in, have aseat.

2. Lalasa: Thank you.I'm dead tired.

3. Manasa: Take,some coffee. It won'ttake more than aminute to make it.

4. Lalasa: Sure, that'smost welcome.

5. Manasa: It's brew-ing now. Tell me whyyou are so tired.

6. Lalasa: My boss isan evening walker.She wanted me towalk with her to herhome for company.

1. Manasa asks Lalasa tocome in and have a seat

2. Lalasa thanks Manasa andsays that she is dead tired

3. Manasa asks (offers)Lalasa some coffee andadds (says) that it won'ttake more than a minute tomake it.

4. Lalasa assures Manasathat it is most welcome

5. Manasa tells Lalasa that it isbrewing and asks Lalasa totell her why she is so tired

6. Lalasa tells Manasa that herboss is an evening walker andthat she wanted her to walk withher to her home for company.

1. Manasa asked Lalasa ...

(No change, because the report-ed part is imperative)

2. Lalasa thanked Manasa and saidthat she was dead tired.

3. Manasa asked (offered) Lalasa totake some coffee and added(said) that it wouldn't take morethan a minute to make it.

4. Lalasa assured Manasa that itwas most welcome

5. Manasa told Lalasa that it wasbrewing and asked Lalasa to tellher why she was so tired.

6. Lalasa told Manasa that her bosswas an evening walker and thatshe had wanted her to walk withher to home for company.

§ÚLa îª÷úøçúÕ. Reporting verb present tense ™ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’,reported part ™ verb tenses ´÷®Ωü¿’. ÅüË reporting verb past

tense ™ Öçõ‰, reported part verb tenses ÅFo past

Å®·-§Ú-û√®·.É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îª÷ÆœçC reported part (äéπ®Ω’ ûª´’ ´÷ô™x Éûª-®Ω’©’îÁ°œpçC report îËßª’ôç) imperative sentences, and statements.

É°æ¤púø’ at the beginning of the lesson conversation report îËü∆lç.

Â°j table ¶«í¬ study îËÆœ practice îËßª’çúÕ. ÉçéÓ í∫´’-Eéπ: to come, to go, to see- É™«çöÀ¢√öÀE infinitives Åçö«ç. Infinitives †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ infinitives í¬ØË Öçîª’û√ç.¢√öÀéÀ tense Öçúøü¿’. é¬•öÀd tense ´÷®Ωaôç Öçúøü¿’. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Imperative sen-tences †÷, statements †÷ report îËßª’ôç (Indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç) îª÷¨»ç.a) Imperative sentences report îËßª’-ö«-EéÀ, ¢√öÀ-™xE verbs ´·çü¿’ to Â°öÀd ¢√öÀE infini-

tives í¬ report îË≤ƒhç. Don't ÅE Öçõ‰, not + infinitive îË≤ƒhç.b) Statements †’ report îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊, report îËÊÆ part †’ that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. OöÀ í∫’Jç*

ÉC- -®Ω™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.

DIRECT INDIRECTReporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense

(Oh, sure! direct speech ™ Öçõ‰ ÅCreport îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ assures/ assured Åçö«ç)

Bhavan: I called your home twice last evening,

but there wasn't any response.

(ØË†’ E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç O’ ÉçöÀéÀÈ®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x Phone îË¨»†’, é¬E á´®Ω÷Bßª’-™‰ü¿’)

Mohan: We were all out at the exhibition.

(¢Ë’´’çû√ exhibition èπ◊ ¢Á∞«ç)Bhavan: I called you to know the details of the

match. When is the match?

(´÷uî˝ N -®√© éÓÆæç §∂ÚØ˛ îË »†’. á°æ¤pú≈´÷uî˝?)

Mohan: There are two matches. What match

are you talking of?

(È®çúø’ matches ÖØ√o®·. à ´÷uî˝í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢˛?)

Bhavan: Which of the two is this weekend?

(Ñ ¢√®√çûªç™ ÖçúËC à ´÷uî˝?)Mohan: It's the match with the team of 'The

Nedu' group of publications.

(Å®·ûË ÅC 'ØËúø’— v°æîª’-®Ω-ù© team ûÓ)Bhavan: Where are we going to play the

match?

(Ñ match áéπ\úø Çúø-¶-ûª’Ø√oç?)Mohan: At the stadium grounds.

(ÊÆdúÕßª’ç víıçú˛q™)Bhavan: Who are our bowlers?

(´’† bowlers á´®Ω’?)Mohan: I don't have the list.

(Ç ñ«Gû√ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’)Bhavan: Then who is the list with?

(Å®·ûË Ç list á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çC?)Mohan: It is with our captain Arya and the

coach Guruprasad.

(´’† captain Arya ü¿í∫_®Ω, coach ü¿í∫_®ΩÖØ√o®·)

Bhavan: I want to see it.

(ØË†’ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o)Mohan: Why do you want to see it?

(áçü¿’èπ◊ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?)Bhavan: I want to be sure that Manoj is on the

team.

(´’ØÓñ¸ ÖØ√oú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅE E®Ωl¥-Jç-îª’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.)

Mohan: Don't worry. He is on the team.

(ÖØ√oúø’. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊)Bhavan: OK.

´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊, imperative sentences †÷,statements †÷ á™« report îËßª÷™ (indirect

speech ™ îÁ§ƒp™) îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.a) Imperative sentences (Çïc©÷, Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷,

Åúø-í∫ôç ûÁLÊ° sentences)

eg: i) Get out (order)

ii) Please come in (request)

iii) Sit down (asking)

É™«çöÀ sentences (imperative) †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ verbs ´·çü¿’ to Â°öÀd infinitives í¬´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.b) Statements (äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo -ûÁ-LÊ° sen-

tences)

i) He attends classes regularly

ii) They do not come here often

iii) I had a tiresome journey

Statements report Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x 'that' ûÓv§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* N’í∫û√ ´÷®Ω’p©’ îË≤ƒhç.É´Fo -É-C-´®Ωéπ-öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç.Now observe the conversation between

Bhavan and Mohan at the beginning of

this lesson.

You see that there are a number of questions

in the conversation. Bhavan puts a number of

questions to Mohan.

We are now going to see how to report ques-

tions. (Questions †’ indirect speech ™éÀ á™«´÷®√a™ Ñ lesson ™ îª÷ü∆lç):You know there are two types of questions:

1) 'Wh' questions - questions beginning with

'Wh' words what, when, where, why, who,

whom, whose and how. OöÀûÓ begin ÅßË’uquestions †’ 'Wh' questions Åçö«ç.eg: What is your name?

Where is he?

2) Non 'Wh' questions: 'Wh' words ûÓv§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç-é¬E questions.

eg: a) Is he your friend?

b) Are you happy? etc.

Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç 'Wh' questions †’ á™« report

îËßª÷™ (indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷®√a™) îª÷ü∆lç:

Direct speech ™ Ö†oquestion †’ report

îËÊÆô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆Eo state-

ment structure (sub +

verb) èπ◊ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆: Question

™ á°æ¤púø÷ verb ´·çü¿÷ü∆E ûª®√yûª subject

´Ææ’hç-C-. -™‰-ü∆ helping verb, main verb -© ´’üµ¿usubject ´Ææ’hçC.1) Where is he? [Where + is (verb) + he

(subject)?]

2) What is he doing? [What + is (helping verb)

+ he (subject) + doing (main verb)]

É°æ¤púø’ É™«çöÀ questions †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’'Wh' word ûª®√yûª statement word order èπ◊´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. Åçõ‰ verb + subject/ helping verb

+ subject + main verb order †’, sub + verb

í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.Kesav: Where is Shyam?

Karuna: I do not know

Let us report the conversation above:

Are you happy? -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 188-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN


-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 23 -V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Reporting verb

present tense

Kesav asks/ is

asking Karuna

where Shyam is.

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Direct speech

™E Where is

Shyam, report

îËÊÆô°æ¤púø’, where

Shyam is í¬´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-C.Karuna replies

that she does not

know

(ÉC statement)

Reporting verb

past tense

Kesav asked

Karuna where

Shyam was.

Ééπ\úø reporting

verb past é¬•öÀd,where Shyam is

•ü¿’©’ where

Shyam was

Åçö«ç.

Karuna replied

that she did not

know.

Direct speech ™ Ö†o questions report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, éÌEo ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îËßª÷L(do, does and did N≠æ-ßª’ç™). See the table.

Ñ ´÷®Ω’p©’ îËßª’ôç î√™« ´·êuç. É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Bhavan, Mohan conversation report îËü∆l´÷?Åçü¿’™ 'Wh' questions, statements éπLÆœ ÖØ√o-®·-éπü∆? Direct speech ™E questions, reported

speech ™ statements í¬ ´÷®Ω-û√-ßª’E í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓçúÕ (Åçõ‰ sub + verb word order Å´¤-ûª’çC).

Â°j† í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆ Statements, 'Wh' questions †’ éπL°œ á™« report îËßª÷™, Íé´©ç 'Wh'

questions †’ á™« report îËßª÷™. Questions ÅEoç-öÀE reported speech ™ statement word

order èπ◊ ´÷®Ωaúøç èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.Exercise: Conversation at the beginning of this lesson N’í∫û√ ¶µ«í¬Eo Â°j† îª÷°œç-*-†ô’x,reporting verb, present tense, past tense È®çúÕç-öÀ™ report îËßª’çúÕ.-

1. Do + 1st Regular Doing

Word: do come, do know,

do take etc.

2. Does + 1st Regular Doing

Word: does come, does

know, does take, etc

3. Did + 1st Regular Doing

Word: did come, did know,

did take, etc.

Came, knew, took etc.

(Past Doing Word)

came, knew, took, etc.

had come, had known, had

taken, etc.

(had + past participle)

Come, know, take etc.

(I RDW)

comes, knows, takes, etc

(II Regular Doing Word)

came, knew, took, etc.

DIRECT REPORTED SPEECHReporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense

1. Bhavan (to Mohan) I called

your home twice last

evening, but there wasn't

any response. (Statement)

2. Mohan (to Bhavan): We

were all out at the exhibition.

(Statement)

3. Bhavan (to Mohan): I called

you to know the details of

the match. When is the

Match? (Statement + 'Wh'

question)

4. Mohan (to Bhavan): There

are two matches. Which

match are you talking of?

(Statement + 'Wh' question)

5. Bhavan (to Mohan): Which

of the two is this weekend?

('Wh' question)

6. Mohan (to Bhavan): It is with

the team of 'Nedu' group of

publications (Statement)

7. Bhavan (to Mohan): Where

are we going to play the

match? ('Wh' question)

Bhavan told Mohan that he

had called his home twice

the day before but there had-

n't been any response.

Mohan told Bhavan that they

had been all out at the exhi-

bition.

Bhavan said he had called

Mohan to know the details of

the match and asked him

when the match was.

Mohan told Bhavan that

there were two matches and

asked him which match he

was talking of.

Bhavan asked Mohan which

of the two was that weekend.

Mohan told Bhavan that it

was with the Nedu group of

publications.

Bhavan asked Mohan where

they were going to play the

match.

Bhavan tells Mohan that he

called his home twice the day

before but there wasn't any

response.

Mohan tells Bhavan that they

were all out at the exhibition.

Bhavan says he called Mohan

to know the details of the

match and asks him when the

match is.

Mohan says to Bhavan that

there are two matches and

asks him which match he is

talking of.

Bhavan asks Mohan which of

the two is this weekend?

Mohan tells Bhavan that it is

with the Nedu group of

Publications.

Bhavan asks Mohan where

they are going to play the

match.

DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED

Reporting verb (present) Reporting verb (past)

Visala: Where are youstarting off so early?

(ÓÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÍÙêŸ ê•Ùë]-ô¢Þ¥ ñóŸª-õª-ë¶-ô¢ª-êŸª-û¦o÷±?)

Vinod: To our maths lec-turer's.(÷« ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ôÂ ÏÙæ¨Ú¨.)

To our maths lecturer's– Ïö° lecturer's öËºö°Þ¥'s î¦è…ê¶ 'to' ÷³Ùë]ô¢ÑÙ# – î¦RxÙ-æ¨Ú¨ Íû¶ Íô¢nÙ÷ú£ªhÙC. To my friend's = ÷«

friend ÏÙæ¨Ú¨Visala: What do you wantfrom him?

(ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ ìªÙ# ÔÙ Ú¥î¦-L?/-ÓÙ-ë]ªÚÛª?)

Vinod: I want to have tuition from him.(ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ û¶ìª å«uù£ûËÂÚÛª à¶ô¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åªû¦o.)

Visala: Which maths lecturer do you want togo to?(Ô ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ôÂ ë]Þœ_ô¢ÚÛª îµü‹xõ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?)

Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best in the town.(ÞœéÚÂ þ§ôÂ. ÒüÉÁx ÎóŸªû¶ Þ•í£p-î¦è[ª.)

Visala: Who suggested him to you?(ÎóŸªì ÞœªJÙ# F·Ú-÷ô¢ª àµð§pô¢ª?)

Vinod: Most of my friends go to him, so I amgoing to him too.

(÷« ›úoï‡°-êŸªöËºx à¦ö°÷ªÙC ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_-ô¢¸ÚîµüŒê¦ô¢ª, ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE û¶ìª ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÚÛ\è…¸Ú îµüŒ‰-êŸªû¦o.)

Visala: How much does he charge?(ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ°ô¢ª?)

Vinod: I have to find out. That's what I amgoing for.(û¶ìª ÚÛìª-ÚÁ\-î¦L. ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛû¶ Ïí£±pè[ª îµüŒ‰-êŸªû¦o.)

Visala: When do you think you can comeback?(Óí£±pè[ª AJT ô¦Þœ-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?)

Vinod: Why do you want to know?(ìªîµyÙ-ë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?)

Visala: Vikram has invited us to lunch. Wehave to start here at least by 10.

(NvÚÛîÂª ÷ªìLo õÙàÂÚ¨ í‡Là¦è[ª. í£CÙ-æ¨ÚÛö°x ÷ªìÙ ñóŸª-ö¶l-ô¦L.)

Vinod: OK. I'll be back in time.(ú£·ôjì ú£÷ª-óŸ«-E¸Ú AJ-Þ•-þ§hö¶.)

Study carefully the conversation above.You find a number of 'wh' questions in it.Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ lesson öËº ÷ªìÙ êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙC:

'wh' questions ìª report à¶óŸªè[Ù, (indirectspeech öËºÚ¨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù) ÷ªìÙ àŸ«ú‡ÙC 'wh'questions ìª Jð¼ôÂd à¶›ú-å-í£±pè[ª question ìªstatement form öËºÚ¨ ÷«¸ôaþ§hÙ.Question:a) Where is he?

Ð question öËº word order (÷«åõ Í÷ª-JÚÛ)Where (wh word) + is (verb)+ he (subject)

b) Where is he going? Ð question word order:

Where (wh word) + is (helping verb) + he(subject) + going (main verb)?

Questions (a), (b)õìª report à¶›ú-å-í£±pè[ª NªÞœê¦÷«ô¢ªpõª à¶ú£«h question öËºE wh word ìª Íö°ÑÙà¶ú‡, NªÞœê¦ question part ìª statementword order (verb + subject) öËºÚ¨ ÷«¸ôa-óŸ«L.ÏÚÛ\è[ 'that' ô¦ë]ª.

ç¶ñªöËÀ – 1 àŸ«è[Ùè….Î ·ôÙè[ª ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éöËºx

ÚÛ«è¯ Question wordorder ìª report à¶›ú-å-í£±pè[ª Wh word šíæ¨dNªÞœê¦ Part ìª state-ment word order öËºÚ¨÷«¸ôa-óŸªè[Ù Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè….

Let us now try toreport the conversation

between Visala and Vinod at the beginning ofthe lesson. Note that we have to report bothstatements and 'wh' Question (table -2).

ç¶ñªöËÀ –2öËº àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª ÚÛë¯– Question structureìª statement structure Þ¥ ÷«ô¢aåÙ Óö°ÞÁ.Exercise: Ð Lesson öËºE NªÞœê¦ conversa-tion between Visala and Vinod ìª reportà¶óŸªÙè…– Reporting verb, present tense, pasttense öËº ÚÛ«è¯. Oªô¢ª practice à¶óŸªåÙ ÍÙç¶ô¦óŸªåÙ ÷«vêŸî¶ª Ú¥ë]ª. Oªô¢ª ô¦ú‡ÙC, Oª friendsÓ÷-J-êÁ-ûµjû¦ GÞœ_-ô¢Þ¥ ·ôÙè[ª ÷´è[ª þ§ô¢ªx ÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ ÷«æ°x-è[ª-êŸª-ìoåªx practice à¶óŸªÙè….

M. SURESAN

÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 25 --Vöµj 2006 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ -2

1. Krishna: Where is your father?(Oª û¦ìo-Þ¥-·ô-ÚÛ\è[?)

Sathya: Why do you want to know? (ÓÙë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?)

2. Madhavi: What are your goals?

Prasanth: What do you advise?

Krishna is asking/ asksSathya where her fatheris.

Sathya asks in reply whyhe wants to know.

Madhavi asks Prasanthwhat his goals are.Prasanth questions herwhat she advises.

Krishna asked Sathyawhere her father was.

Sathya asked in reply whyhe wanted to know.

Madhavi asked Prasanthwhat his goals were.Prasanth questioned herwhat she advised.

Reporting SpeechDirect SpeechReporting Verb (Present) Reporting Verb (Past)

1

Reporting SpeechDirect SpeechReporting Verb (Present) Reporting Verb (Past)

21. Visala: (to Vinod) Where are you

starting off so early?

Vinod: To our maths lecturer's

2. Visala: What do you want fromhim?

Vinod: I want to have tuition fromhim.

3. Visala: Which maths lecturer doyou want to go to.

Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best inthe town.

Visala asks Vinod wherehe is starting off so early.

Vinod replies that it is totheir maths lecturer's.

Visala asks Vinod what hewants from him.

Vinod tells her he wants tohave tuition from him.

Visala asks Vinod whichmaths lecturer he wants togo to.

Vinod says/ replies that hewants to go Mr. Ganak(and adds that) he is thebest in the town.

Visala asked Vinod wherehe was starting off soearly.Vinod replied that it was totheir maths lecturer's.

Visala asked Vinod whathe wanted from him.

Vinod told her he wantedto have his tuition fromhim.Visala asked Vinod whichmaths lecturer he wantedto go to.

Vinod replied that he want-ed to go to Mr. Ganak (andadded that) he is the bestin the town.

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 189

ví£øŒo: 1. They have beenable to keep theirpromiseStructure: have beenabove to + P.V.

2. He might have beenable to do the jobstructure: might havebeen able to + P.V.

3. She must have beenable to persuade him tomarry her.

structure: must have been able to + P.V. šíjî¦Ú¥uõ í£²Jh Íô¦nEo, Ñí£-óµ«-Þ¥Eo N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª.

– ÓúÃ. îµ³ï‡°-ìª-DlûËÂ, ÚÛô¢«oõª

áî¦ñª: 1. They have been able to keep theirpromise = They have kept their promise.(î¦üŒ‰x êŸ÷ª ÷«åìª Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÁ-Þœ-L-Þ¥ô¢ª– Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÛª-û¦oô¢ª)2. He might have been able to do the job =Perhaps (ñï£‚ø‹)he did the job/ did not do thejob.(ÍêŸè[ª Îí£E à¶óŸª-ÞœLT ÑÙè[÷àŸªa, ÞœêŸÙöËº à¶ú‡ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ö¶ë¯ à¶óŸª-ÚÛ-ð¼ô³ ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ÚÛ«è¯.)3. She must have been able to persuade himto marry her.(êŸììª šíRx-à¶-ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷ªE Îîµª ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ìàŸa-âµí‡pÑÙè¯L– ÍÙë]ª¸Ú ÍêŸè¯îµªìª šíRx à¶ú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oè[ª)

Compare: The roads arewet. It must have rainedduring the night.

(ôÁè[xFo êŸè…Þ¥ Ñû¦oô³. ô¦vA ÷ô¢Ù ÚÛªJú‡ ÑÙè¯L–ÚÛªJ-ú‡ÙC).ví£øŒo: 1. Gup Íô¢nÙ ÔNªæËº N÷-JÙ#, ë¯EE Ô

NëÅ]ÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hôÁ êµL-óŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè….2. Past participle (V3) N÷-JÙ#, Ñë¯-ï£°-ô¢-éõª êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè….

– þ§ï‡°B Në¯u-÷ªÙ-CôÂ, íÆ£ê¶hí£±ô¢Ùáî¦ñª: 1. Gup Íû¶ ÷«å û¦ÚÛª êµL-ú‡-ìÙ-êŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛ«ö¶ë]ª. Guppy Íû¶C ÖÚÛ ô¢ÚÛ-îµªiì à¶í£.2. Past participle: Object Ñìo Verb Past par-ticiple ÚÛª ‘ñè…ì’ ÍE Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC.a)) The man seen here yesterday.

(Eìo ÏÚÛ\ àŸ«è[-ñ-è…ì ÷uÚ¨h – ú£·ôjì êµõª-ÞœªöËºEìo ÏÚÛ\è[ Oªô¢ª/ î¶ªÙ/ î¦üŒ‰x àŸ«ú‡ì ÷uÚ¨h.)

b) The money stolen from the bank.(ò°uÙÚÂ ìªÙ# ë•ÙT-LÙ-àŸñè…ì è[ñªs.)Past participle, verb Ú¥ë]ª. Be form (am, is,are, was, shall be, have been, etc.,) + Pastparticiple Íô³ê¶ verb Í÷±-êŸªÙC. Íí£±pè[ª verb,passive voice.a) Salaries were paid yesterday.

(@ê¦õª Eìo Ï÷y-ñ-è¯fô³/ àµLxÙ-àŸ-ñ-è¯fô³.)b) The college will be closed from tomorrowonwards.(Ú¥ö¶@ ¸ôí£æ¨ ìªÙ# ÷´óŸª-ñ-è[ª-êŸªÙC.)Past participle ìª adjective Þ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍÙç¶ë¶ûµj¬oû¦ ÷JgÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù.a) The murdered man was related to her.

(àŸÙí£ñè…ì ÷uÚ¨h ÎîµªÚÛª àŸªådÙ.)b) The ruined fort = PCÇ-õ-îµªiì ÚÁåSpoken English ð§êŸ î¦uþ§õ ÚÁú£Ù Ú¨xÚÂ à¶óŸªÙè…...

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

ú£ÙòÅ°ù£éöËºx ÍFo ÷ªìÙ ÷«æ°xè¶ ÷«åö¶ Íô³ ÑÙè¯Lqì Í÷ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª. Ó÷ôÁàµí‡pì ÷«åLo ÚÛ«è¯, î¦üŒ‰x àµí‡pìåªxÞ¥ ÷«Ja àµð§pLq ÷ú£ªhÙC. Ð ·ôÙè[ª

ú£Ùë]ô¦sÄöËºxì« ·ôÙè[ª í£ë]lÄêŸªLo Ñí£óµ«Tþ§hÙ. ÖÚÛæ¨ ví£êŸu¤ÛÙÞ¥ àµ›ípC, ÏÙÚÁæ¨í£ôÁ¤ÛÙöËº íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷uÚ¨h íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷«åõû¦oè[E àµ›ípC. ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éöËº þ»Þœú£ª

Ú¥î¦õÙç¶ Ð ÍÙø‹Eo ò°Þ¥ û¶ô¢ªaÚÁî¦L. î¦Ú¥uEo ÖÚÛ í£ë]lÄA ìªÙ# ÷ªôÁ í£ë]lÄAöËºÚ¨÷«ô¢aè¯EÚ¨ î¦uÚÛô¢éÙ ú£«vê¦õìª E¸ôlPÙ#ÙC.

ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª?ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª?ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª?ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª?ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª?

Which maths lecturer do you want to go to?

Arjun: Hi Nakul, well-met. How busy are youthis evening?

(£æ…ß’ †èπ◊™¸, éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬-ÖçC. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç †’-¢Ëy---¢Á’i-Ø√ busy Ø√?)

Well met - Ñ expression conversations ™practice îËßª’çúÕ– éπ©-®·éπ ÆæçûÓ≠æç ÅØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ. How busy - ÉC èπÿú≈ PracticeîËßª’çúÕ.

Nakul: Why are you asking?

(áçü¿’-éπ-úø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)Arjun: I want to take you to a movie. Feel like it?

(ÆœE´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-ü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ®√¢√-©-†’çü∆?)feel like - ÅE-°œç-îªúøç

Nakul: (It) depends on the movie you takeme to (ÆœE´÷†’ •öÀd îÁ§ƒh)

Arjun: How about 'Sarkar Mogudu - SeemaPellam'?

('Ææ®√\®Ω’ ¢Á·í∫’úø’ – Æ‘´’ Â°∞«ç—èπ◊¢Á∞«l ÷?)

Nakul: How good is it? (áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿C?)Arjun: Why haven't you seen the posters?

(It's) seventy five days gone.

(Posters áçü¿’èπ◊ îª÷∞Ïü¿’? É°æp-öÀéÀ 75®ÓV-™„jçC)

Nakul: OK. But what's the occasion for yourtaking me to the movie?

(ÅC-ÆæÍ®. ††’o à Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç™ ÆœE-´÷èπ◊BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)

Arjun: O Nakul, why do you forget things soearly? I've got admission in Sanketiccollege of Engineering, one of the bestin the state.

(àçôçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ´’Ja-§Ú-û√´¤ †’´¤y?®√≠æZç™ íÌ°æp-¢√-öÀ™x äéπõ„j† ≤ƒçÍé-Aé˙Engineering college ™ Ø√èπ◊ seat´*açC)

Nakul: Oh, sorry I forgot it. I will make it. Don'tworry

(´’®Ω-*-§Ú-®·-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’®√.ûª°æpéπ ´≤ƒh†’. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊)

´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Imperatives, statements,'Wh' questions report îËßª’ôç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.'Wh' questions report ´’J-éÌçûª practiceîËü∆lç.

´’†ç Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC: 'Wh' questions†’ J§Ú®˝d îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, 'Wh' ûÓ begin îËÆœ, ü∆Eûª®√yûª ´îËa Vb + Sub/ HV + sub + MV order†’ Sub + Verb order í¬ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. Eg:

a) Arjun (to Nakul): How busy are you thisevening?

DEo report îËßª’ôç:i) Arjun is asking/ asks Nakul how busy he

is this evening. (Reporting verb - Presenttense)

ii) Arjun asked Nakul how busy Nakul wasthat evening (Reporting verb - Pasttense)

ÉC ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† N≠æ-ßª’-¢Ë’-éπü∆? ´’Sx ÉçéÓsample îª÷ü∆lç.

b) Nakul (to Arjun): Why are you asking?

Reported speech:

i) Nakul asks Arjun why he is asking.

ii) Nakul asked Arjun why he was asking.

É°æ¤púø’ Â°j† report îËÆœ† (a) & (b) questions†’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,Arjun is asking/ asks Nakul (Presenttense), Arjun asked Nakul (Past tense) ™begin îË¨»ç éπü∆.

´’†ç practice îËÆæ’h-†oC Spoken Englishé¬•öÀd, É™« ´÷öÀ- ÷-öÀéÃ reporting verbstell, ask, questionetc. ÅE bookish í¬¢√úË •ü¿’©’ ¢√öÀ≤ƒn†ç-™ØË varietyéÓÆæç wants to know/ wanted to know/wished to know ÅE èπÿú≈ ¢√úÕûË Ææ£æ«ïçí¬Öçô’çC.Åçõ‰, tell, ask, question Å†ôç ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’.Correct. é¬F É™« wish to know/ wishes toknow/ would know/ wants to know É™«ç-öÀNÅ°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úÕûË variety í¬ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈,Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC.

See table 1: É™« report îËßª’ôç î√™« simpleí¬ èπÿú≈ ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. O’JC áçûª ¶«í¬ prac-tice îËÊÆh Åçûª Ææ’©’-´-´¤-ûª’çC.

Nakul: (It) depends on the movie you take meto.

Report: i) Nakul said it depended on themovie he took him to (Reportingverb - said - Past tense)

ii) Nakul says it depends on the moviehe (Arjun) takes him to (Reportingverb - says - present tense)

Arjun: How about 'Sarkar Mogudu - SeemaPellam'?

Report: Arjun suggested 'Sarkar Mogudu -Seema Pellam'

N’í∫û√ conversation at the beginning of thelesson exercise í¬ practice îËßª’çúÕ.

Now look at the conversation below.Preethi: Hi Sruthi, do you fancy classical music?

(¨»Æ‘Yßª’ ÆæçU-ûª-¢Ë’-´’Ø√o Nçö«¢√?)fancy = É≠ædç

Sruthi: Why? Are you going to play any?

(àç, †’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o NE-°œç-îª-¶ûª’Ø√o¢√?)Play - Two in one O’ü¿-í¬F, CD O’ü¿-í¬FNE-°œç-îªôç.

Preethi: Do you like to listen to some of MSSubbulakshmi's?

(MS Subbulakshmi ÆæçUûªç à´’Ø√oNçö«¢√?)

Sruthi: Have you any of Balamuralikrishna'slatest CDs?

(Ñ´’üµ¿u ´*a† ¶«©-´·-®Ω-S-éπ%≠æg ÆæçUûªçCDs ÖØ√oßª÷?)

Preethi: Don't you like MS? (MS FéÀ-≠ædç-™‰ü∆?)Sruthi: Of course I do, I have listened to

plenty of hers. I have yet to hearsome of Balamurali's

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ É≠æd¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ¶«©-´·-®ΩRÆæçUûªç Éçé¬Ææh NØ√L ØË†’)

Preethi: Will you wait for some time then?

(Å®·ûË é¬Ææh Çí∫’-û√¢√?)Sruthi: Have you to search for it?

(ÅC ¢Áü¿-é¬™« †’´¤y)Preethi: Yes.

Sruthi: Go ahead then. Can I have today'spaper in the mean time?

Å®·ûË é¬F. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ñ®ÓV paperÉ´¤y.

O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’ There are manyquestions in the conversation above.

There are all non 'Wh' questions.

Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç 'Wh' questions reportîËßª’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. É°æ¤púø’ Non 'Wh'questions report îËßª’ôç á™«íÓ îª÷ü∆lç.í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆: 'Wh' questions Åçõ‰, What,which, when, where, etc. ™«çöÀ 'Wh' ûÓ¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u ´÷ô©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº- ’ßË’u questions.Non 'Wh' questions Åçõ‰ ÅN™‰E v°æ¨¡o©’.

Sankar: Are you interested in cricket?

Sarala: Don't you know?

É°æ¤púø’ É™«çöÀ Non Wh questions reportîËßª’ôç (Indirect Speech ™ îÁ°æpôç) á™«?

1. Reporting Verb, is asking/ asks/ is ques-tioning/ questions/ asked ûª®√yûª if ûÓ é¬F,Whether ûÓ é¬F v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Sankar is ask-ing Sarala if/ whether...

2. Ç ûª®√yûª questions word order (verb + sub-ject/ helping verb + sub + main verb) †’statement order (sub + verb) í¬ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.N’í∫û√ ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç. See table.


-í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 27 --V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Are you going to play any?-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 190-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

Arjun: Hi Nakul, Well-met. How busyare you thisevening?

Nakul: Why are youasking?

Arjun: I want to takeyou to a movie.Feel like it?

Arjun, happy to meet Nakulwants to know how busy he isthis evening.

Nakul wants to know why he(Arjun) is asking.

Arjun wants to take him to amove and asks him if he feelslike it.

Ééπ\úø Arjun tells Nakul Å†-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË 'I want' †’ 'he wants' í¬´÷Í®a¨»ç. É™« ´÷®Ωaôç î√™«Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC.

Arjun, happy to meet Nakul wantedto know how busy he was thatevening.

Nakul wanted to know why he(Arjun) was asking.

Arjun wanted to take Nakul to amovie and asked him if he felt like it.

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ straight í¬ he wanted¢√ú≈ç éπü∆, I want èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ he toldNakul Å†-èπ◊çú≈.

Direct Speech ReportReporting verb - present Reporting verb - past

Sankar (to sarala):

Are you interested incricket?

Sarala:

Don't you know?

Sankar asks Sarala if/ whethershe is interested in cricket

Sarala asks Sankar in return if/ whether he doesn't know

Sankar asked Sarala if/ whethershe was interested in cricket

Sarala asked Sankar in return if/whether he did not know

DIRECT REPORTReporting verb - present Reporting verb - past

Preethi: Hi Sruthi, doyou fancyclassicalmusic?

Sruthi: Why? Are yougoing to playany?

Preethi: Do you like tolisten to someof MS Subbulakshmi's

Sruthi: Have you anyof BalamuraliKrishna's lat-est CD's?

Preethi is asking/ asks Sruthiif/ whether she fancies classi-cal music

Sruthi wants to know (is ask-ing/ asks èπ◊ •ü¿’©’) if Preethiis going to play any

Preethi asks Sruthi if she likesto listen to some of MSSubbulakshmi's

Sruthi asks Preethi if/ whethershe has any of Balamurali'slatest CD's

Preethi asked Sruthi if she fanciedclassical music

Sruthi wanted to know (asked •ü¿’©’)if Preethi was going to play any.

Preethi asked Sruthi if/ whether sheliked to some of MS Subbulakshmi's

Sruthi asked Preethi if/ whether shehad any of Balamurali's latest CDs.

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECHReporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense

Look at the following. We are going to report part of the conversation between Preethi andSruthi. Observe how we are going to report non 'wh' questions:

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Report îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’ verb + sub, HV + Sub + MVsub + verb í¬ ´÷®Ωôç.

TABLE 1:

Pramod: (It's) days since I saw you. Where

have you been?

(îª÷Æœ î√™« ®ÓV-™„jçC. ÉEo ®ÓV--©’-á-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o´¤?)

Vinod: I had been away at the NCC camp

and returned only this morning.

Hasn't anyone told you of it?

Haven't you called my home?

(ØË†’ NCC camp èπ◊ ¢Á∞«†’. Ñ®ÓVÖü¿ßª’ç AJ-íÌ-î√a†’. FûÓ á´®Ω÷ îÁ°æp-™‰ü∆? -†’- ¤y ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ §∂ÚØ˛ îËßª’-™‰ü∆?)

Pramod: Why didn't you tell me before leav-

ing? Your college and home are so

far off that I couldn't get any infor-

mation. Moreover I was busy too,

with our college cultural festivals.

(¢Á∞Ï´·çü¿’ áçü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿÷? O’college, O’ É©’x î√™« ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçúø-ôç-´©x Ø√Íé N≠æßª’ç ûÁL-ßª’-™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´÷ college ≤ƒçÆæ \%Aéπ -Öûªq-¢√-©ûÓ Ø√èπ◊ BJéπ ™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈ -§Ú-®·çC.)

Vinod: Did you participate in them? Did you

get any prizes?

(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o¢√? FÍé-´’Ø√o•£æ›-´’-ûª’-™Ô-î√aßª÷?)

Pramod: I did ofcourse, and won prizes too.

(§ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o†’. •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’ èπÿú≈´î√a®·.)

Vinod: Congrats. What prizes did you get?

Did you participate in debate?

(ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’, FÍéç •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’´î√a®·?úÕ¶‰ö¸™ §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o¢√?)

Pramod: I got prizes in three events - light

music, debate and mimicry. Won't

you see my prizes? Come in.

(´‚úø’ §ÚöÃ™x prizes ûÁîª’a-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.©Lûª ÆæçU-ûªç, debate, mimicry ™.ØË†’ ûÁîª’a-èπ◊†o prizes îª÷úø¢√?™°æ-L-éÀ ®√.)

Event (É¢Áçö¸) – ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – Ææç°∂æ’-ô†.Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç .. §ÚöÃ Åç¨¡ç – véÃúø©’, éπ∞¡©’´çöÀ Åç¨»™x.

Vinod: Do you want

me to see

them now?

Mom's calling

me over

phone. I have

to be at home

urgently. Show

them to me when I come tomorrow.

(É°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE îª÷úø-´’ç-ö«¢√? Å´’t§∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ÚhçC. ØË†’ ¢ÁçôØË ÉçöÀéÀ¢Á∞«xL. ¢√öÀE -ØË-†’ Í®§Ò-*a-†-°æ¤púø’îª÷°œçîª’.)

Pramod: Do come down tomorrow. Just not

to see the prizes but to give me your

company. Don't disappoint me.

(Í®°æ¤ ûª°æpéπ ®√. Ø√ prizes îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀÅE é¬ü¿’, é¬Ææh Ø√ûÓ í∫úÕ-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊. ††’oE®√-¨¡-°æ-®Ω-îªèπ◊)

Vinod: OK. Bye then.


-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 30 -V-™„j 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

It's days since I saw you


M. SURESAN

1. Pramod (to Vinod): It'sdays since I saw you.Where have you been?

2. Vinod: I had been awayat NCC camp andreturned only this morn-ing. Hasn't any one toldyou of it? Haven't youcalled my home?

(statement+non 'wh' question)

3. Pramod: Why didn't youtell me before leaving?Your college and homeare so far off that I could-n't get any information.Moreover I was busy too,with our college culturalfestivals.

4. Vinod: Did you participatein them? Did you get anyprizes?

(Only non wh questions)

5. Pramod: I did, of courseand won prizes too.(Statement)

6. Vinod: Congrats. Whatprizes did you get? Didyou participate in debate?

Pramod tells Vinod that it isdays since he saw him andasks him where he has been.

Vinod says he had been awayat NCC camp and returnedhome only that morning. Heasks/ is asking Pramod if anyone hasn't told him of it and ifhe hasn't called his home.

Pramod asks Vinod why he did-n't tell him before leaving, andsays that his college and homeare too far off to get any infor-mation. Moreover he was busytoo with their college culturalfestivals.

Vinod is asking/ asks/ hasasked Pramod if he participat-ed in any of them and if he gotany prizes.

Pramod replies that he did,of course and won prizes too.

Vinod congratulates Pramodand asks him what prizes hegot, and if he participated indebates.

Pramod told Vinod that it wasdays since he had seen Vinodand asked him where he hadbeen.

Vinod said that he had beenaway at the NCC camp andhad returned home only thatmorning. He asked Vinod if anyone had not told him of it and ifhe had not called his home.

Pramod asked Vinod why hehad not told him before leavingand said that his college andhome were too far off to getany information. Moreover hehad been busy too with theircollege cultural festivals.

Vinod asked Pramod if he hadparticipated in any of them andif he had got any prizes.

Pramod replied that he had, ofcourse and had won prizes too.

Vinod congratulated Pramodand asked him what prizes hehad got and if he had partici-pated in debates.


('Wh' question, non Wh question combination)Type of sentence

1. Imperative (Çïc©÷,Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ûÁLÊ°) sentences

eg: Kamala: Neelam,go away.

2. Statements (äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sen-

tences)

eg: Srikanth: Rani, mysister has come back

3. 'Wh' questions

eg:

Sushma: Sumanth,

where are

you?

4. Non 'Wh' question

eg:

Kesav: Kedar, are

you coming?

Method of Reporting (Reporting °æü¿l¥A)

Report îËßª÷-Lq† ´÷ô-™xE verb ´·çü¿’, to Â°öÀd infinitive îË≤ƒhç.Report:

Kamala is asking/ asks/ has asked Neelam to go away.

(Ééπ\úø, Kamala asked ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ to go away ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC)

Report îËßª÷-Lq† ¶µ«í¬Eo that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.Report:

a) Srikanth tells Rani that his sister has come back

b) Srikanth told Rani that his sister had come back

Report îËßª÷-Lq† question ¶µ«í¬Eo 'wh' ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* questionword order (vb + sub/ Hv + sub + Mv) †’ statement word order(sub + verb) í¬ ´÷®Ωaôç

Report: a) Sushma is asking/ asks/ has asked Sumanth where he is

b) Sushma asked Sumanth where he was

Report îËßª÷Lq† ¶µ«í∫ç ´·çü¿’, If/ whether é¬F Â°öÀd Â°j example ™™«í¬ question word order †’ statement word order í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.Report: a) Kesav asks/ is asking/ has asked Kedar if he is coming.

b) Kesav asked Kedar if he was coming

´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ω π◊ report îËßª’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’- π◊†o sentences ®Ωé¬©’, ¢√öÀE report îËÊÆ °æü¿l¥-ûª’©’:

É°æ¤púø’ Imperative, statement, 'Wh' question, non 'wh' question éπLÆœ Ö†o passageá™« report îË≤ƒh¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. O’®Ω’ í∫ ’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. The conversation at the beginning of thelesson, (between Pramod and Vinod) has mixed sentences (Imperatives, statements,'wh' and non 'wh' questions)

Pramod: I got prizes inlight music, debate andmimicry. Won't you seemy prizes? Come in.

Vinod: Do you want meto see them now?Mom's calling me overphone. I have to beurgently at home. Showthem to me tomorrow.

Pramod: Do comedown tomorrow, just notto see the prizes but togive me your company.Don't disappoint me.

Pramod tells Vinod that he gotprizes in ... , and asks him/ is ask-ing him/ has asked him if he won'tsee his prizes. He asks him tocome in.

Vinod asks Pramod if he wantshim to see them then. He saysthat Mom is calling him overphone and he has to be urgentlyat home. He asks Pramod toshow them to him tomorrow.

Pramod tells/ is telling Vinod tocome down tomorrow, just not tosee the prizes but to give him hiscompany. He asks Vinod not todisappoint him.

Pramod told Vinod that he hadgot prizes in ... , and asked himif he wouldn't see his prizes. Heasked him to come in.

Vinod asked Pramod if he want-ed him to see them then. Hesaid Mom was calling him overphone and he had to be urgent-ly at home. He asked Pramod toshow them to him the next day.

Pramod told Vinod to come-down the next day, just not tosee the prizes but to give himhis company. He asked Vinodnot to disappoint him.


EXERCISE: Report and practise aloud the rest of the conversation. Use both present and pasttense reporting verbs. Compare your answer with ours:

ANSWER:

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Wh questions, statement combination Ééπ\úø.

(1st sentence - statement, 2nd sentence 'wh' question.

Åçü¿’-´©x 1st sentence †’ that ûÓ, 2nd sentence †’ where +statement word order ûÓ report îË »ç.)

Ranjan: Oh... Is it you, Kundan? What a pleas-ure it is to see you! It's nearly a yearsince we met. (àß’, †’¢√y èπ◊çü¿Ø˛. áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ÖçüÓ E†’o îª÷-úø-ö«-EéÀ! Ææç´-ûªq-®Ω-¢Á’içC´’†ç éπ©’q-éÌE)

Kundan: How pleased I am to be with youagain! (´’Sx FûÓ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ÖçüÓ-)

Ranjan: What a smart fellow you've grown intoin just a year! (äéπ\ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ØË áçûªÇéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’çí¬ ´÷®√´¤!) (smart = ´’ç* -ü¿’Ææ’h-©ûÓ Çéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’çí¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´ôç)

Kundan: My job requires that I appear smart.What a bore it is to turn out in theseclothes everyday! You don't know.I have to get back again in a week. (v°æA ®ÓV Ñ -ü¿’Ææ’h™x ûªßª÷-®Ω-ýôçáçûª NÆæ’íÓ Féπ®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. ´’Sx ¢√®√-E-éÀ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-¢√L.)

Ranjan: Here's something for a change, don'tworry. (-É°æ¤p-úø’ é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p -éπ-L--T-ç-îË-C -Öç-C-™‰.¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊)

Kundan: What is it?Ranjan: You are here just when I am about to

have a mango. Happy. Let me treatyou to some wonderful mangoes.They are from our own groves! fresh,fleshy and juicy. (´’ç* time éÌî√a´¤, ØË†’ ´÷N’úÕ °æçúø’A†-¶-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’. ´’ç* ´÷N’úÕ °æ∞¡xûÓ Fèπ◊Nçü¿’ îËßª’F. ÅN ´÷ ûÓô-™¢Ë. û√ñ«-N,éπçúø, ®ΩÆæç Ö†oN. treat = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç,(´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’© °æôx ÖçúË -B®Ω’) doctor,patient èπ◊ ¢Ájü¿uç îËßª’ôç. Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç–

-Nç-ü¿’ îËßª’ôç, Ö™«xÆæç éπL_ç-îªôç). (grove - ûÓô – äÍé ®Ωéπç îÁô’x-†oC)

Kundan: Yes, I smell them. How tempting theirvery smell is! (Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ ¢√Ææ† ´≤ÚhçC. áçûª Çéπ-®Ω-ùí¬ ÖçüÓ ¢√öÀ ¢√Ææ†! tempting =Çéπ-JçîË.)

Ranjan: Here you are. Have it. (ÉCíÓ, BÆæ’éÓ).

Kundan: Haa.... how delicious it is! At myplace of work, we don't get such fruit.How sweet! (-Å-•s... áçûª ®Ω’*í¬ ÖçüÓ! ØË†’ °æE-îËÊÆîÓô É™«çöÀ °æ∞¡Ÿx üÌ®Ω-éπ´¤. áçûª Aßª’uí¬ÖçüÓ!

Ranjan: Take some withyou when yougo.

(†’¢Áy-∞Ïx-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo BÂÆ\∞¡Ÿx)Kundan: Thank you.´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊, impera-

tive sentences, state-ments, 'wh' questions,'non wh' questions reportîËßª’ôç (Indirectspeech™ îÁ°æpôç) îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ exclama-

tions (Ç¨¡a-®√uEo ûÁ™‰p ¢√é¬u©’/ £æ«®∏√-ûª’hí¬ ´’†èπ◊éπLÍí ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ûÁ™‰p ¢√é¬u©’)†’ á™« report îËßª÷™îª÷ü∆lç:Let us first study the word order in an excla-

mation. (´’†ç ´·çü¿’ exclamation ™ word order-´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ îª÷ü∆lç)

Look at the following exclamations:

1. What a leader Gandhi was!

wh word + noun + Sub + verb(í¬çDµ áçûª íÌ°æp Ø√ßª’-èπ◊úÓ!)

2. How sweet the song is!'wh' word + adjective + Sub + Verb(Ç §ƒô áçûª ´’üµ¿’-®Ωçí¬ ÖçüÓ!)

3. How fast he bowls!'wh word + adverb + Sub + verb.(Noun: üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîËa Ê°®Ω’. Adjective-í∫’ù«Eo ûÁLÊ° °æü¿ç. Adverb - verb ûÁ™‰p °æE á™«ïJ-TçüÓ îÁÊ°p ´÷ô)Ææ÷n©çí¬ exclamation word order:wh word + noun/adjective/adverb + subject +

verb.What a leader Gandhi was! = ÉC Gandhi was

a very great leader ÅE ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ îÁ°æpôç.Å™«Íí The Taj Mahal is very beautiful - Ñ

statement †’ ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ explanation ®Ω÷°æç™îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰

How beautiful the Taj Mahal is! Å†-´îª’a.(û√ñ¸´’£æ«™¸ áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!– ÉC exclama-tion- DØËo statementí¬ îÁÊ°h, The Taj Mahal is very beautiful Åçö«ç.Direct Speech™E exclamation †’ report îËßª÷-©çõ‰, ´·çü¿’ ¢√öÀE statement í¬ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊çö«ç.

(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 1 îª÷úøçúÕ.)¢Á·-ü¿ô ´’†ç report îËßª÷-Lq† exclamation †’É™« statement ™éÀ ´÷Ja, Ç ûª®√yûª statement †’report îËÆœ-†-ô’d that ûÓ begin îËÆœ report îËßª÷L.The Tourist: How beautiful the Scenery is!É°æ¤-úø’- ´’-†ç Â°j exclamation -†’ report îËßª÷L.Åç-ûªèπ◊ ´·ç-üË ´’†ç Ç exclamation †’ statementí¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. (The scenery is very beautiful)

É°æ¤púø’ Ñ statement †’ report îËßª÷L. ('that'•ü¿’©’, exclaimed ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√-L)

(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 2 îª÷úøçúÕ.)É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç conversation at the beginning of

the lesson™E exclamations report îËü∆lç:(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 3 îª÷úøçúÕ.)

The conversation above (table-3) is a mixtureof exclamation and statements. (Ñ lesson v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ Ö†o Conversation ™

Statements and exclamations éπL-Ææ’-Ø√o®· éπü∆)Å™« éπL-Ææ’-†o-°æ¤úø’ report îËßª’ôç èπÿú≈ ÉçûË.¢Á·ü¿ô exclamation †’ statement í¬ ´÷Ja,ü∆EûÓ §ƒô’ Éûª®Ω statement †’ èπÿú≈ reportîË≤ƒhç.eg: Direct Speech: Ranjan: Oh... Is it you, Kundan? What a pleas-

ure it is to see you! It's a year since we met.Report (present tense - reporting verb)Ranjan surprised at seeing Kundan exclaims

that it is a great pleasure to see him (andadds/says) that is a year since they met.

Report (past tense- Reported verb)

Rajan surprised at seeing Kundans exclaimedthat it was a great pleasure to see him, (andadded/said) that was a year since they hadmet.Exclamation †’ report îËÊÆ full stop -ûÓ ÇÊ°Æœ,

statement part †’ éÌûªh sentence í¬ èπÿú≈îÁ§Òpîª’a.Eg: Ranjan surprised at seeing Kundan

exclaims that it is a great pleasure to see him.He says that it is a year since they met.Exercise: Conversation at the beginning of

the lesson N’í∫û√ ¶µ«í¬Eo ¢Á·ûªhç (StatementsûÓÆæ£æ…) Present tense and past tense reportingverbs éÓÆæç report îËßª’çúÕ.

(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 4 îª÷úøç-úÕ)

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 1 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Ç §ƒô áçûª ´’üµ¿’-®Ωçí¬ ÖçüÓ!


M. SURESAN

1

2

Ranjan: What a pleas-ure it is to see you!

Kundan: How pleasedI am to be with youagain!

Ranjan: What a smartfellow you've grown into!

Kundan: What a bore itis to turn out in theseclothes every day!

Ranjan exclaims (to Kundan/onseeing Kundan) that It is a greatpleasure to see him..

Kundan exclaims that he isvery pleased to be with Ranjanagain.

Ranjan exclaims that Kundan hasgrown into a very smart fellow.

Kundan exclaims that it is a bigbore to turn out in these/thoseclothes every day.

Ranjan exclaimed (to Kundan/onseeing Kundan) that it was agreat pleasure to see him)

Kundan exclaimed that he wasvery pleased to be with Ranjanagain.

Ranjan exclaimed that Kundan hadgrown into a very smart fellow.

Kundan exclaimed that it was abig bore to turn out in theseclothes everyday.

í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπ-ü∆. What a pleasure it is to see you! ÅØË exclamation†’ ¢Á·ü¿ô statement form™éÀ´÷®√aç: It is a great pleasure to see him. ü∆Eo report îË¨»ç. exclaims/exclaimed ÅØË reporting verb -ûÓ

3

Ranjan: Here's somethingfor a change. Don't Worry

Kundan: What it is?

Ranjan: You are here justwhen I am about to have amango. Happy. Let me treatyou to some wonderfulmangoes. They are fromour own groves - fresh,fleshy and juicy.

Kundan: Yes. I smell them.How tempting the smell is!

Ranjan: Here you are. Have it.

Kundan: Haa... how deli-cious it is! At my place ofwork we don't get such fruithow sweet!

Ranjan: Take some withyou when you go.

Ranjan tells Kundan that thereis something for a change andasks him not to worry.

Kundan asks him what it is.

Ranjan tells Kundan that he isthere just when he is about tohave a mango. Ranjan is happy.He wishes to treat Kundan tosome wonderful mangoes. Theyare from their groves - fresh,fleshy and juicy.

Kundan (says yes) and that hesmells them. He exclaims thatthe smell is very tempting.

Ranjan offers the mango toKundan

Kundan exclaims that it is verydelicious. They don't get suchfruit at his place of work. Theyare/it is very sweet.

Ranjan asks Kundan to takesome with him when he goes.

Ranjan told Kundan that therewas something for a changeand asked him not to worry.

Kundan asked him what it was.

Ranjan told Kundan that he wasthere just when he (Ranjan) wasabout to have a mango. He washappy. He wished to treatKundan to some wonderfulmangoes - they were from theirgroves - fresh, fleshy and juicy.

Kundan (said yes) and that hesmelt them. He exclaimed thatthe smell was very tempting.

Ranjan offered the mango toKundan.

Kundan exclaimed that it wasvery delicious. They didn't getsuch fruit at his place of work.they were/ it was very sweet.

Ranjan asked Kundan to takesome with him when he went

ANSWER to the exercise 4

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EXCLAMATION STATEMENT

1. How cold the day is! The day is very cold(áçûª îªLí¬ ÖçüÓ Ñ ®ÓV) (Ñ¢Ë∞¡ î√™« îªLí¬ ÖçC)

2. What a beautiful Car it is! The car is very beautiful(Ç car áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!) (Ç Car î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçC)

3. How well she sings! She sings very well.(áçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’hçüÓ!) (Å¢Á’ î√™« ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC)

4. What a building it is! It is a very good/beautiful/big building.(áçûª ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/Â°ü¿l éπôd-úø¢Á÷!)

(ÅC î√™« ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/Â°ü¿l éπôdúøç)

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH -REPORTReporting verb Present tense Reporting verb Past tense

Direct Speech ReportReporting Verb-Present Reporting Verb-Past

The Tourist: How The tourist exclaims The tourist exclaimedbeautiful the that the scenery is that the scenery

scenery is ! very beautiful. was very beautiful.

DIRECT SPEECH

Present tense Reporting verb Past tense Reporting verb

REPORT

Pratibha: Hi Mahima. How glad I am to see

you! How is everybody in your vil-

lage?

(áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√oØÓ E†’o îª÷úø-í¬ØË, O’ Ü∞x Åçü¿®Ω÷ á™« ÖØ√o®Ω’?)

Mahima: We are all OK. Thank you. How are

you?

Pratibha: Fine too. Thank you. What news?

Did the local body elections go off

well in your place?

(èπ◊™«≤ƒØË. Thank you. àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’?≤ƒnEéπ áEo-éπ-™„™« ïJ-í¬®· O’ Ü∞x?)

Mahima: Didn't you read about them all in the

papers? What did you watch on the

TV?

(°ævA-éπ™x îªü¿-´-™‰ü∆ ¢√ô-EoçöÀ í∫’Jç*?TV ™ àç îª÷¨»´¤?)

Pratibha: I did, of course. But it is different to

hear about them from one like you on

the scene.

(îªC-¢√†’, îª÷¨»††’éÓ. é¬E Ææç°∂æ’-ô†Ææn©ç™ Ö†o F™«çöÀ ¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç*N†ôç ¢ËÍ®.)

Mahima: Get me some water first.

Pratibha: Have some coffee too.

(é¬Ææh coffee èπÿú≈ BÆæ’éÓ)

Mahima: Thank you. Now about the elections.

I'm happy they are all over. Oh, what

have we been through! You just can't

imagine.

(áEo-éπ-©-®·-§Ú-ßª÷-ßª’E ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC.´÷N á™«çöÀ Å†’-¶µº-¢√™ †’´¤y Ü£œ«çîª-™‰ ¤)

Pratibha: That's why I asked you to tell me

about them.

(Åçü¿’-éπØË éπü∆ E†’o îÁ§ƒp-©çC)Mahima: Many people didnot find their names

on the voter lists. Liquor flowed

freely. Money- lots of it- passed

hands. There were group clashes

and faction fights. We passed

through the worst of the tension.

(î√™«-´’çC Ê°®Ω’x ãô®Ωx ñ«G-û√™ ™‰´¤.´’ü¿uç üµ∆®√-∞¡çí¬ §ƒJçC. Â°-ü¿l-¢Á·-ûªhç™úø•’s îËûª’©’ ´÷JçC. ´®Ω_-§Ú-®√-ö«©÷ïJ-í¬®·. î√™« tension Å†’¶µº-Nçî√ç)

Pratibha: We pride on being a democratic

Country.

(´’†ç àüÓ v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’u üË¨¡-´’E í∫®Ωy-°æ-úøû√ç)

Mahima: These politicians, oh, God!

(Ñ ®√ï-éÃßª’ Ø√ßª’-èπ◊©’ î√©’.üË ¤-úÓß’!)

´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Imperative structures,

statements, questions ('wh', non-wh), excla-

mations report îËßª’ôç (Indirect speech ™îÁ°æpôç) îª÷¨»ç.

Å™« report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ N’í∫û√ ÅEo ®Ωé¬©sentence word order †’ statement word

order ™éÀ ´÷®Ω’-≤ƒh-´’E ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ÉC î√™«´·êuç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’. Å®·ûË î√™«-´’çC§ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊©’ sentences word order í∫’Jç*, ¢√öÀEstatement word order ™éÀ á™« ´÷®√aLÅE Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. ÉC ûÁL-ßª’-éπ-§ÚûË report

îËßª’ôç Å≤ƒüµ¿uç.Ñ sentence ®Ωé¬©’, Ææç•ç-Cµûª N -®√-©†’

spoken English -É-C-´®Ωéπ-öÀ lessons ™ î√™«N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁL§ƒç. î√™«-´’çC Ç lessons miss

Åßª·uç-ö«-®ΩØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ É°æ¤púø’ ´’S N´-J-Ææ’hØ√oç. í∫´’-Eç* í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓçúÕ.

ûÁ©’-í∫’-¢√-éπuç™ à ´÷ô áéπ\-úø’Ø√o Å®Ωnç´÷®Ωü¿’. ®√´·úø’ ®√´ù’úÕE îªç§ƒúø’– Ñ¢√éπu¢Ë’ BÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. DE™ à ´÷ô áéπ\-úø -Öç*Ø√ Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ωü¿’. ®√´ù’úÕE ®√´·úø’îªç§ƒúø’/ îªç§ƒúø’ ®√´·úø’ ®√´-ù’-úÕE– É™« ´÷ô-©†’ ¢√éπuç™ á™« ´÷JaØ√ Å®Ωnç´÷®Ωü¿’ éπü∆. -É°æ¤p-úø’ English ™ try îËßª’çúÕ:Rama killed Ravana-

Ñ ¢√éπuç™ Ñ ´÷ô© îÓôx†’ ´÷®ΩaçúÕ– Å®Ωnç á™« ´÷J-§Ú-ûª’çüÓO’Íé ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.Rama killed Ravana

- ÉD,Ravana killed Rama

- äÍé Å®Ωnç Éý-éπ-§Úí¬úAÍ®éπ Å®√n-©-E-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·éπü∆.

Åçü¿’-éπE English sentences ™ à ´÷ôÖçú≈-Lq† îÓô ÅC Öçú≈L. îÓô’-´÷-JûË Å®Ωnç´÷J-§Ú-ûª’çC. Word order (´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ)î√™« ´·êuç. ÅC îª÷ü∆lç É°æ¤púø’.

English ™ 4 ®Ωé¬© sentences ¢√úøû√ç.1. Statement (äéπ N≠æßª’ç ûÁLÊ° sentence)-

ÉC™« Öçô’çC/ ÅC Å™« îÁßª÷uL™«çöÀ Å®√n-©ûÓ

2. Questions: ÉN Åçü¿-JéÃ ûÁ©’Ææ’– v°æ¨¡o©’– È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬©’:a) 'Wh' questions - What, Which, Where,

When, Why, Who, Whom, Whose and

how ™«çöÀ v°æ¨»o-®Ωnéπ °æü∆©’– É´Fo Wh ûÓ¢Á·ü¿-©- ¤-û√®· é¬•öÀd– OöÀE 'Wh' Words

Åçö«ç.b) Non 'Wh' questions- 'Wh' words ™‰E

questions.

3. Imperative sentences: Çïc©÷, Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷,Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ° sentences.

4. Exclamations: Ç¨¡a-®√uEo, £æ«®∏√-ü∆s¥-¢√-©†÷ûÁL-Ê°N:Let us now study the word order in each

of the four types of sentences and how

they can be changed into the statement

word order. (This is very important for

Reporting, direct speech).

Word Order in ..

1) Statement: Statement word order: Subject +

verb. Åçõ‰ statement ™ á°æ¤púø÷ Subject

´·çü¿÷, ûª®Ω-¢√ûª verb ´≤ƒh®·. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ:a) He is a singer - word order-

He (Subject) + is (verb) + ...

b) They play well -

They (Subject) + play (verb) + ..

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: Statement ™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬´·ç-ü¿’ subject, ûª®√y-ûªª verb ´≤ƒh®·.

2 a) Non Wh question:i) Is he a singer?

[Is (verb) + he (Subject) + ...]

ii) Are they playing- Éçü¿’™ verb, Are play-ing- É™« verb™ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’çõ‰¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´÷ô†’ helping verb, N’í∫û√´÷ô-©†’ main verb Åçö«ç. é¬•öÀd

Are they playing? Word order:

Are (helping verb) + they (subject)+ playing?(main verb)

2 b) Wh questions:

i) Where are they? Ñ question word order:

Where (Wh word) + are (verb) + they (subject)

ii) Where are they going?-

Where (Wh word) + are (helping verb) +

they (subject) + going (main verb)

Åçõ‰ question π◊ 4 word orders ÖØ√o®·:i) Verb + Subject

ii) Helping verb + Subject + Main verb

iii) Wh word + Verb + Subject

iv) Wh word+Helping verb+Subject+Main verb

Very important: Wh questions ™í¬F, Non

Wh questions ™í¬F subject á°æ¤púø÷, verb

ûª®√y-ûª-í¬F, helping verb ûª®√-ûªy-í¬F ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆.´’†ç questions É™«Íí Åúø-í¬L. Å°æ¤púË correct.

3) Imperative sentences:

É´Fo Çïc©’, Å¶µºu-®Ωn-†©÷ ûÁL-Ê°N–eg: a) come in ( =you come in) = (Asking)

b) Please help me (you please come in- request)

c) Get out (you get out) - order.

(Oô-Eoç-öÀéÃ subject 'you' ØË. ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬Ć-™‰≤ƒhç)

4) Exclamations:

a) What a fool you are!

What (Wh word) + a fool (noun) + you

(sub) + are (verb)

b) How good he is! - How (Wh word) + good

(adj) + he (sub) + is (verb)

c) How well he plays!

How (Wh word) + well (adv) + he (sub) +

plays (verb)

4 kinds of sentences word order Ææ÷n©çí¬:

´’†ç Direct speech †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, ques-

tion †’ statement order ™ report îË≤ƒhç. Åçõ‰subject †’ verb ´·çü¿®Ω Â°úøû√ç. Imperative

sentence´·çü¿’ toÂ°öÀd v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Exclamation

†’ ´·çü¿’ statement í¬ ´÷Ja report îË≤ƒhç.Method of reporting: 1) statement

Kamala to Karuna:

Sita came here yesterday (statement)

Report: a) Kamala says to Karuna that Sita

came there yesterday (Reporting

verb - Present tense)

b) Kamala told Karuna that Sita had come

yesterday.

2) 'wh' question †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, wh +

verb + subject/ wh + helping verb + subject +

main verb †’, wh word + subject + verb

structure ™éÀ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.3) Imperative sentences †’ report îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊,

imperative part ´·çü¿’ to Â°öÀd infinitive îË≤ƒhç.4) Exclamations †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE

´·çü¿’ statement word order™éÀ ´÷Ja,statement ™«í¬ that ûÓ report v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.Exclamation: a) How well she sings!

(Ç¢Á’ áçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çüÓ!) ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ DEo statement í¬ ´÷®Ωaôç:She sings very well.

(Ç¢Á’ î√™« ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC.)b) Exclamation: How tall he is!

(ÅûªØÁçûª §Òúø’íÓ!)ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ DEéÀ statement form:

He is very tall. (Åûªúø’ î√™« §Òúø’í∫’)Exercise: Report the conversation at the

beginning of this lesson.

These politicians, oh, God!-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 193-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù M. SURESAN


í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 3 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Statement

Subject + Verb

Question

1) Verb + Subject

2) Helping Verb + Subject +

Main Verb

3) Wh word + Verb + Subject

4) Wh word + Helping Verb +

Subject + Main Verb

Imperative sentence

You (subject îÁ°æpç) +verb.

≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ ´·çü¿’ verb

éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. You á°æ¤púø÷ subject.

N†-°æ-úøü¿’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤.

Exclamation

Wh word + noun/

adjective/ adverb +

sub + verb.

Question ™-™« é¬èπ◊çú≈Ééπ\úø sentence *´®Ωverb ¢√úøû√ç.

-v°æ-¨¡o:What is the difference between ..

a) The Eenadu was published first from

Vizag.

b) The Eenadu was published first in Vizag.

c) The Eenadu was first published in Vizag.

– G. £æ«†’- ’çûª®√´¤, ´÷îª®Ωx.-ï-¢√-•’:

Ç ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u™x The Eenadu was pub-

lished from Vizag ÅØËC éπÈ®é˙d. N’í∫û√È®çúø÷ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. publish Åçõ‰ v°æîª’-Jç-îªôç – Åçõ‰ °ævA-éπ© N≠æ-ßª’ç™ ¢Á©’-´-úøôçÅE Å®Ωnç. °ævA-éπ©’ -äéπ-îÓ-ô ´·vü¿ù Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åéπ\úÕ †’ç* N’í∫û√îÓôxèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡-û√®·é¬•öÀd published from Åçö«®Ω’.

Rohit: It is raining now. How shall I go?

(´®Ωç ´≤ÚhçC. á™« ¢Á∞¡x†’?)Rajat: You have to, some how. Otherwise we

can't get the tickets and we shall be

missing the movie.

(á™«-ÈíjØ√ ¢Á∞«xL †’´¤y. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ´’†ç öÀÈéö¸qûÁîª’a-éÓ™‰ç, ÆœE´÷ miss Å´¤û√ç).

Rohit: You're not ready yet.

(†’Nyçé¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω- -™‰ü¿’)Rajat: You have a friend at the theatre, don't

you? Take his help to get the tickets

(Fèπ◊ Theatre ™ friend ÖØ√oúø’ éπü∆.¢√úÕ ≤ƒßª’çûÓ öÀÈéö¸q BÆæ’éÓ)

Rohit: Shall I go now and wait for you at the

hall?

(É°æ¤púø’ -ØË-†’ ¢ÁRx öÀÈéö¸q BÆæ’-èπ◊E FéÓÆæç£æ…©’ ü¿í∫_®Ω áü¿’®Ω’îª÷úøØ√?)

Rajat: Do. As soon as I get there, I shall call

you and we can meet each other.

(Å™« -îÁß’. ØË†’ -C∑µßË’-ô®˝ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ®√í¬ØË,Fèπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh. ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ- îª’a.)

Rohit: Shall I take the bike?

(ØË†’ Bike BÆæ’-éÓØ√?)Rajat: How shall I come then?

(ØËØÁ™« ®√†’?)Rohit: Shall I come back and pick you up?

(ØË†’ AJ-íÌ*a E†’o BÆæ’-Èé--∞¡xØ√?)Rajat: Don't worry. I shall take an auto.

(°∂æ®√y-™‰-ü¿’™‰. ØË†’ Çö™ ´≤ƒh.)Rohit: I shall get going then.

(Å®·ûË ØË†’ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’û√)Rajat: Do. (é¬F.)

É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ÅEo ®Ωé¬© sentences

†÷ report îËÊÆ Nüµ∆†ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Å®·ûËshall ûÓ Ö†o questions †’ report -îËÊÆ N≠æ-ßª’ç™ éÌçûª ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç.

Present day English usage ™ shall èπÿwill èπÿ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ àç ûËú≈ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.shall ¢√ú≈-Lq† îÓô™«x, ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEo-îÓö«x will

¢√úË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Shall, will -´’-üµ¿u ûËú≈-†’ -É°æ¤p-úø’Åçûªí¬ °æöÀdç--îª’éÓ-´-úøç-™‰-ü¿’. Å®·ûË I and we ûÓquestions èπ◊ ´÷vûªç Éçé¬ áèπ◊\-´í¬ shall

¢√úø’-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o®Ω’.Shall †’ I and we ûÓ question form ™ È®çúø’

®Ωé¬-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç:1) Indefinite future- ´’†ç éπ*aûªçí¬ Ü£œ«ç-îª-™‰E/

´’†èπ◊ future ™ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çü∆/ ï®Ω-í∫ü∆ ÅEÆæJí¬_ ûÁL-ßª’E N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’ í∫’Jç* question ™´ÊÆh shall ¢√ú≈L.a) Shall I ever become great? =

ØË†’ àØ√öÀ-ÈéjØ√ íÌ°æp-¢√-úÕ-†-´¤-û√Ø√?b) Shall I be happy there? =

ØË†-éπ\úø ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçö«Ø√?c) Shall We need these books after we com-

plete the course? =

éÓ®Ω’q °æ‹®Ωh®·-† ûª®√yûª ´’†èπ◊ -Ç •’é˙q Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?

2) ´’†ç îËßª’-¶ßË’ °æ†’©÷, requests, permis-

sions èπ◊ ÅúÕÍí question form ™ shall ¢√ú≈L.a) Shall I help you? (ØË-†’ ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’Ø√?)b) Shall we wait till tomorrow?

(Í®°æ-öÀ-ü∆é¬ Çí∫-´’ç-ö«®√?)c) When shall we start?

(´’´’tLo á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?/¢Ë’ç á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√L?)

First type of questions ™E shall †’ report

îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, reporting verb, present tense ™Öçõ‰, shall •ü¿’©’ will ´Ææ’hçC.a) Pranav: 'Shall I ever become rich?'

Santhi: You will, of course.

DEo report îËü∆lç.Pranav is asking/ has

asked Santhi, if he will

ever become rich.

Santhi assured him he

will.

ÅüË reported verb past

tense ™ Öçõ‰ shall

•ü¿’©’ would ´Ææ’hçC.

Pranav asked Santhi if he would ever

become rich. Santhi assured that he would.

ÉçéÓ Example:

Sankar: Shall I be happy if I accept the job?

Ramani: You will be, certainly.

É°æ¤púø’ shall -¢√-úË È®çúÓ °æ--ü¿l¥-A:Kumar: Shall I help you?

ÉC Kumar îËÆæ’h†o offer. Reporting verb

present tense Å®·ûË, Kumar is asking her

if he can help her. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™–(spoken English ™) He is offering to help

her -Å-†-úøç Öûªh´’ç.

ÉüË reported verb past tense ™ Å®·ûË.Kumar asked Santhi if he should help her

Å´¤-ûª’çC. Åçõ‰ É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx, ´’†ç îËßª’-¶ßË’°æ†’© N≠æ-ßª’ç™, shall •ü¿’©’ should

´Ææ’hçC.Prasad: When shall I see you again?

Pramod: You can see me whenever you like.

Prasad asked Pramod when he should see

him again. Pramod told him that he could

see him whenever he liked.

Now look at the following conversation at

the beginning of the lesson:

1) Rohit (to Rajat): How shall I go?

Report: Rohit asked Rajat how he should go.

(Reporting verb - past tense).

Rohit asks Rajat how he can go.

(Reporting Verb - present tense - É™«çöÀîÓôxcan ¢√úø’éπ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç)


-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 5 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

It is raining now...-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 194-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

Reporting VerbPresent tense

Sankar is askingRamani if he will behappy if he acceptsthe job.

Ramani assures himthat he will be, cer-tainly.

Reported Verb

Past tense

Sankar askedRamani if he wouldbe happy if heaccepted the job.

Ramani assuredhim that he wouldbe, certainly.

Pratibha: Hi Mahima, howglad I am to see you! Howis everybody in your vil-lage?

Mahima: We are all OK.Thank you. How are you.

Pratibha: Fine too. Thankyou, what news? Did thelocal body elections inyour village go off well?

Mahima: Didn't you readabout them in the paperswhat did you watch onthe TV?

Pratibha: I did of course.But it is different to hearabout them from one likeyou on the scene.

Mahima: Get me somewater first.

Pratibha: Have someCoffee too.

Mahima: Thank you. Nowabout the elections. I'mhappy they are all over.Oh what we have beenthrough you just can'timagine.

Pratibha: That's why Iasked you to tell meabout them.

Mahima: Many people didnot find their names onthe voter list. Liquorflowed freely. Money- lotsof it changed hands.There were group clash-es and faction fights. Wepassed through the worstof tension.

Pratibha: We pride onbeing a democratic country

Mahima:These politicians,Oh, God.

Pratibha tells she is very glad tosee mahima and asks her ifevery body is well in her village.

Mahima says they are all OK. Shethanks Pratibha and asks her how she is.

Pratibha says she is fine too. Shethanks her and asks her for news.She asks her if the local body elec-tions in her village went off well.

Mahima asks Pratibha if she did-n't read about them in thepapers, and what she watchedon the TV.

Pratibha says/replies that shedid but it is different to hear aboutthem from one like her on thescene.

Mahima wants some water.

Pratibha offers some coffee too.

Mahima thanks Pratibha. Aboutthe elections she (says she) ishappy they are all over. She saysPratibha cannot imagine whatthey have been through.

Pratibha says that's why sheasked her to tell her all aboutthem.

Mahima says that many peopledid not find their names on thevoter list, that liquor flowedfreely, that money- lots of it-changed hands and that therewere group clashes and factionfights. They passed throughworst of tension.

Pratibha says we pride on beinga democratic country.

Mahima expresses her disgust(üËy≠æç/-Å-Ææ£æ«uç) of politicians.

Pratibha told Mahima that shewas very glad to see Mahima andasked her if everybody was well inher village.Mahima said that they were allOK. She thanked Pratibha andasked her how she was.

Pratibha said that she was finetoo. She thanked her and askedher if the local body elections inher village had gone off well.

Mahima asked Pratibha if she hadnot read about them in the papersand what she had watched on theTV.

Pratibha replied that she haddone but it was different to hearabout them from one like her onthe scene.

Mahima asked for some water

Pratibha offered some coffee too.

Mahima thanked Pratibha. Aboutthe election she (said she) washappy they were all over. She saidPratibha could not imagine whatthey had been through.

Pratibha said that was why shehad asked her to tell her all aboutthem.

Mahima said that many peoplehad not found their names on thevoter list that liquor had flowedfreely that money- lots of it- hadchanged hands and that there hadbeen group clashes and factionfights. they had passed throughthe worst of tension.

Pratibha said we prided on beinga democratic country.

Mahima expressed her disgust ofpoliticians.


Answer to exercise under lesson 193

Rohit: Shall I go now andwait for you at thehall?

Rohit: Shall I take thebike?

Rajat: How Shall I comethen?

Rohit: Shall I come backand pick you up?

Rohit asks Rajat if he should goat once and wait for him at thehall.

Rohit is asking Rajat if he cantake the bike.

Rajat asks/ is asking Rohit howhe will come then.

Rohit is asking/asks Rajat if heshould come back and pick him up.

Rohit asked Rajat if he should goat once and wait for him at thehall.

Rohit asked Rajat if he shouldtake the bike.

Rajat asked Rohit how he wouldcome then.

Rohit asked Rajat if he shouldcome back and pick him up.


Exercise: Report the whole conversation between Rohit and Rajat at the beginning of the lesson -with the reporting verb both in the present tense and past tense.

Darsan: How about eating out today? (•ßª’-õ„-éπ\--úøØ√o (hotel™) ¶µç-îË-ü∆l ÷?)

Vardhan: That's ok with me. I welcome the change. (Ø√èπ◊ Ææ´’t-ûª¢Ë’. é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p Ø√èπÿ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’)

Darsan: Which restaurant shall we go to? (à restaurant Èé∞«lç?)

Vardhan: Let's try 'Vindu Vilas' today. (Ñ¢√∞¡ Nçü¿’ -N-™«Æˇ èπ◊ -§Ú-ü∆ç)

Darsan: Isn't that a long way off? Moreover it'sthreatening to rain. I am afraid wemight get drenched on our way back.

(ÅC ü¿÷®Ωç éπü∆? ´®Ωç ´îËa-ô’dí¬ èπÿú≈ ÖçC. AJ-íÌ-îËa-ô-°æ¤púø’ ûª-úø’≤ƒh---¢Ë’-¢Á÷). threatening to rain - ´®Ω-Ææ÷-îª† ¶«í¬ Öçúøôç. Å®·ûË threaten èπ◊ ´÷´‚©’Å®Ωnç – ¶„C-Jç-îªôç. Don't try to threaten me =††’o ¶„C-Jç-îª-ö«-EéÀ v°æßª’-Aoç-îÌü¿’l.Vardhan: Why don't we go to Eat 'n' joy? It's

not far off. (Eat'nJoy Èéçü¿’-Èé-∞¡x-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Å-üË-´’ç-ûªü¿÷®Ωç é¬ü¿’.)

Darsan: If I were you, I wouldn't even think ofit. The food there is rotten. (ØË†’ †’-¢Áj yûË, ü∆E í∫’-Jç-* Ç™-*ç-îª†’.

Åéπ\úø food îÁûªh-™«í¬ -Öç-ôç--C). (rotten - ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç ´·J-T-§Ú-®·†. é¬EAô’d °æü¿çí¬ áèπ◊\´ ¢√ú≈h®Ω’.)

Vardhan: You say, 'Vindu Vilas' is a long wayoff. Eat 'n' Joy doesn't serve goodfood. So where shall we go now? ('Nçü¿’— ü¿÷®Ω- ’ç-ö«´¤. Eat'n'Joy ™food ¶«í∫’ç-úø-ü¿ç-ö«´¤ - ’-È®éπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«lç)

Darsan: Why not the restaurant at HotelManpreet? (Manpreet Èé∞Ïh?)

Vardhan: That's ok for me. Let's start then.(Ø√éÀ-≠æd¢Ë’. °æü¿ •ßª’-™‰l®√lç.)

Éçûª- -®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ÅEo ®Ωé¬© sentences †’report îËßª’ôç ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. Å®·ûËSpoken English ™ Éûª®Ω’-© ´÷ô-©†’ reportîËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo ≤ƒ®Ω’x strictly grammatical í¬report îËßª’ôç éÌçîÁç ví¬ç-C∑-éπçí¬ éπ-E°œç-îª-úø¢Ë’é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÅÆæ-£æ«-ïçí¬ èπÿú≈ -Öç-ô’ç-C. éÀçC Ææç¶µ«-≠æù report îËßª’-ö«-EéÀ v°æßª’-Aoç-îªçúÕ:

Samir: What shall I do now? What's your

advice? (†ØËoç îËßª’-´’ç-ö«-N-°æ¤púø’? F Ææ©£æ… à-N’-öÀ?)Kumar: Buy it if you like. What can I say?

(FéÀ-≠æd-¢Á’iûË éÌ†’éÓ\. ØËØËç îÁ°æp-í∫-©†’?)Ñ Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù†’ Kumar report îËßª÷-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ È®çúø’Nüµ∆-©’í¬ îËßª’- îª’a–

1) Åçû√ rules v°æé¬®Ωç. 2) Spoken form of English (´÷´‚©’ English

Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù™) informalí¬ report îËßª’ôç.. Compare the following

(--õ‰-•’-™¸ -1 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Informal í¬ (´÷´‚©’ Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù®Ω÷°æç™) report îËßª’ôç áçûª Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçüÓ.Å®·ûË §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊-©-éÌéπ Ææ÷îª†: ¢Á·ü¿ô ¶«í¬ rulesv°æé¬®Ωç report îËßª’ôç practice îËÆœ† ûª®Ω-¢√-ûË spo-ken form™ informal í¬report îËßª’ôç practiceîËßª’çúÕ: É°æ¤púø’ Â°j Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ùØË past tense ™ reportîËü∆lç:

(--õ‰-•’-™¸ 2 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)

´’†ç English ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ report îËßª’ôç

î√™« Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ simple í¬ Öçô’çC éπü∆. Å™« Öçú≈-©çõ‰ ´÷öÀ- ÷-öÀéÃ told, asked ™«çöÀ reportingverbs, he added, he further said ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©÷¢√úøôç é¬Ææh á¶„sô’dí¬ Öçô’çC. ÅüË °æK-éπ~™x (XClass, Inter, Degree) reported speech -†’ directspeech™éÀ ´÷Ja-†-°æ¤púø’ Å™« ®√ßª’ôç correct.É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç -îÁ°æ¤pèπ◊ç-ô’-†o-C Spoken English é¬E,written English é¬ü¿’ éπü∆. Practice îËÆæ’h-†oDColumns ™. Åçü¿’-éπE natural í¬ NEpçîË spokenforms ØË practice îËü∆lç. Let us now try to reportthe conversation at the beginning of the lesson.strictly according to the rules and informally,with the reporting verb in the present form andthe past form as well. (--õ‰-•’-™¸ 3 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. Spoken form ™ informal í¬ reportîËßª’ôç áçûª simpleí¬, natural í¬ éπEp-≤ÚhçüÓ. Å®·ûË Å™«îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ DirectSpeech ™E ¶µ«´çàO’ îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ -ñ«-ví∫-ûªh °æ-ú≈-L.-Å™« ÖçúË Nüµ¿çí¬informal í¬ reportîËßª÷-©çõ‰ éÌçîÁçvocabulary(°æü¿Ææç°æü¿) Å´-Ææ®Ωç.ÅC Öçõ‰ informalreport î√™« Ææ’©¶µºç.

Exercise: Reportaloud the rest of theconversation at thebeginning of the les-son. both a) accord-ing to rules b) in theinformal (spoken)form, and also a) inthe present form andb) past form

(--õ‰-•’-™¸ 4 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)

-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 7 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

If I were you...-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 195-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

Darsan: How abouteating out today

Vardhan: That's OKwith me. I welcomethe change

Darsan: Whichrestaurant shall we goto?

Vardhan: Let's tryVindu Vilas today

Darsan: Isn't it a longway off? Moreover it'sthreatening to rain. Iam afraid we mightget drenched on ourway back.

Vardhan: Why don'twe go to Eat 'n'joy?It's not far off.

a) Present TenseDarsan asks Vardhan how about eat-ing out that day.

b) Past Tense:Darsan asked Vardhan how abouteating out that day.

a) Vardhan says it is OK with him andthat he welcomes the changeVardhan said it was OK with him andthat he welcomed the change.a) Darsan asks which restaurantthey will go to.b) Darsan asked which restaurantthat would go to.

a) Vardhan suggest that they tryVindu Vilas that day.b) Vardhan suggested that theytry Vindu Vilas that day

a) Darsan asks Vardhan if it is not along way off, and says that it's threat-ening to rain and adds that he isafraid they might get drenched ontheir way backb) Darsan asked if it was not a longway off, and said that it was threat-ening to rain and added that he wasafraid that they might get drenched...a) Vardhan asks why they don't go toEat 'n'Joy and adds that it is not far off.

b) Vardhan asked why theydidn't go to Eat 'n' Joy and addsthat it is not far off

Present Tense

Darsan suggests that they eat

out that day.

Darsan suggested that they eat

out that day.

Vardhan is for it and welcomes

the change.

Vardhan was for it/ agreed to it

and welcomed the change.a) Darsan asks about the restau-

rant they will go to.b) Darsan asked about therestaurant they would go toa) Vardhan suggests tryingVindu Vilas that day/suggestsVindu Vilasb) Vardhan suggested tryingVindu Vilas.

a) Darsan feels it is long way off.

Moreover it is threatening to rain

and is afraid they might get

drenched on their way back

b) Darsan felt it was a long way

off. Moreover it was threatening

to rain and feared (that) they

might..

a) Vardhan proposes/ suggests

Eat 'n' Joy. it is not far off.

b) Vardhan proposed/suggested

Eat 'n' Joy. It was not

far off.

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTFormal (According to rules) Informal (Spoken Form)

Direct Speech Kumar's Report In present TenseAccording to Rules Informal (Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù®Ω÷°æç)

Samir: What shallI do now? What'syour advice?

Kumar: Buy it ifyou like. What can Isay?

Samir is unable todecide and is asking formy advice.

I am telling him to buy itif he likes and thatthere is nothing I cansay / for me to say.

Samir is asking me whathe should do now andwhat my advice is.

I am telling him to buy itif he likes and am askinghim what I can say.

Direct Speech Kumar's Report (Past Tense)According to Rules Informal (Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù ®Ω÷°æç)

Samir: What shall Ido now? What'syour advice?

Kumar: Buy it ifyou like what can Isay?

Samir was unable todecide and asked for/wanted my advice

I told him to buy it if heliked and that there wasnothing for I could say/ for me to say.

Samir asked me what heshould do then and whatmy advice was

I told him to buy it if heliked and asked himwhat I could say

Darsan: If I were you,I Wouldn't even thinkof it. The food there isrotten.

Vardhan: You say'Vindu Vilas' is a longway off. Eat'n'Joydoesn't serve goodfood. So where shallwe go now?

Darsan: Why not therestaurant at HotelManpreet?

Vardhan: That's Okfor me Let's start them

a) Darsan tells vardhan that if he

were he, he wouldn't think of it and

that the food there is rotten.

b) Darsan told vardhan that if he

had been he, he woudn't have even

thought of it and that the food there

was rotten.

a) Vardhan Observes that Darsan

says that Vindu Vilas is a long way

off and Eat'n'Joy doesn't serve good

food. He asks where they will go

now.

b) Vardhan observed that Darsan

said that Vindu Vilas was long way

off and Eat 'n' Joy didn't serve good

food. He Asked him, where they

would go.a) Darsan asks why they spend notgo to the restaurant at HotelManpreet?b) Darsan asked why they shouldn't'go to the restaurant...

a) Vardhan says that it is ok for himand suggests they start.b) Vardhan said that is was ok forhim, and suggested that they start.

Darsan Says if he were Vardhanhe wouldn't think of it and callsthe food there rotten. He has nogood word for the food there.b) Darsan said that if he had beenvardhan he wouldn't have eventhought of it and called the foodthere rotten / he had no goodword for the food there.a) Darsan feels Vindu Vilas is along way off, and Eat 'n' Joydoesn't serve good food, sowhere will they go now.

b) Vardhan Felt that Vindu Vilaswas a long way off, Eat 'n'Joy did-n't serve good food, so wherewould they go Now?.

a) Darsan suggests the restau-rant at Hotel Manpreet.

b) Darsan suggested the restau-rant...a) Darsan says OK and suggeststhat they start.b) Vardhan said OK and suggest-ed that they start.

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTaccording to rules Informal (Spoken Form)

Table -1

Table -2

Table -3

Table -4

í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 10 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

ACCORDING TO RULES

Prameela suggested that they show their

teacher that they were clever students.

Vineela said that that was the thing they had todo, and suggested that they work hard and getgood marks.

Kalyan said that Pavan had not done his

homework and asked him if the teacher would-

n't punish him.

Pavan said that he did not care, and did not

mind her punishing him.

Sangeeta urged that there should be no delay.

urge = Strong request (í∫öÀd Nïc°œh).

Vignata told Sangeeta to be sure that she

would be prompt.

INFORMAL

Prameela wanted to show their teacher thatthat they were clever students.

Vineela agreed and suggested their workinghard and getting good marks.

Kalyan observed Pavan had not done hishomework and warned him that the teacherwould punish him.

Pavan said he didn't care.

Sangeeta urged that there should be no delay. (formal & Spoken form - same).

Vignata assured Sangeeta that she would be

prompt.Prompt = Ææé¬-™«-EéÀ Öçúøôç.

1) Hemanth: Sarath,you are late again.

Sarath: But I'm not.You wanted me here at5, and here I am at 5.

Hemanth: Didn't youpromise to be here at4.30 itself?.

Sarath: I did but thenyou said that it wasenough if I was hereby 5..

2) Dheeraj: Hi Neeraj,would you like to havesome coffee?

Neeraj: I don't feellike it, I've just hadsome coffee.

Dheeraj: But youmust take something.Shall I get you a drink,perhaps some orangejuice.Neeraj: Not now,please. Thank you justthe same.

3) Komala: Shall wego to the exhibitionthis evening?

Vimala: Sure, I liketo, very much.

Komala: Then shallwe start at 6.30.

Komala: That's OKfor me. I'll be here at6.30.4) Hema: How do youlike my calling youMalli?.

Malini: Nothing of thesort. Call me Malini.That's how I like it.

5) Subbarao: Howabout Rs. 500/- for thewhole job?.

Apparao: That's toolittle for such a lot ofwork. I don't like theamount at all, but Ineed money now andI'll do it.

Hemanth observed that Sarath waslate again.

Sarath said he was, however, notlate, and that Hemant had wantedhim there at 5, and there he was at 5.

Hemanth asked sarath if he hadn'tpromised to be there at 4.30 itself.

Sarath told Hemanth that he hadsaid so, but that Hemanth had saidthat it would be enough if he wasthere by 5.

Dheeraj asked Neeraj if he wouldlike to have some coffee.

Neeraj replied he didn't feel like it

and added that he had just had some

coffee.

Dheeraj said that Neeraj had to takesomething. He asked him if heshould get some drink, perhapssome orange juice.

Neeraj politely said that he wouldn'thave anything then. He thankedNeeraj, just the same.

Komala suggested that they go tothe exhibition that evening/ Komalasuggested their going to the exhibi-tion that evening.

Vimala agreed and said she liked to,very much.

Komala asked Vimala if they wouldstart at 6.30.

Komala said that it was OK for herand that she would be there at 6.30.

Hema asked Malli how she liked hercalling her Malli.

Malini said nothing of the sort. Sheasked Hema to call her Malini andadded that that was how she liked it.

Subbarao asked Apparao if he woulddo the whole job for Rs. 500/-.

Apparao said that it was too little forsuch a lot of work, and added that hedidn't like the amount at all, but thathe needed money then and that hewould do it.

Hemanth complained that Sarathwas late again.

Sarath protested and assertedthat he was there at 5, asHemanth had wanted him.

Hemanth reminded sarath of hispromise to be there at 4.30 itself.

Sarath agreed but remindedHemanth that he had told himthat it was enough if he was thereby 5.

Dheeraj offered coffee to Neeraj. Neeraj refused Has he had justhad some coffee.

Neeraj didn't feel like it as he hadjust had some coffee.

Dheeraj insisted that Neeraj takesomething. He offered to getdrink, perhaps some orangejuice.insist = °æô’d-°æ-ôdúøç

Neeraj wouldn't have any thingthen and thanked Neeraj just thesame.

Komala suggested that they go tothe exhibition that evening/Komala suggested their going tothe exhibition that evening.

Vimala readily agreed and likedto go very much.

Komala proposed then they startat 6.30.

It was OK for Komala. She wouldbe there at 6.30.

Hema wanted to know how shelike her calling Malli/ Hema wouldcall her Malli. How would she likeit?.

Malini wouldn't have anything ofthe sort. She asked Hema to callher Malini. That was how sheliked it.

Subbarao proposed Rs. 500/- forthe whole job.

Apparao complained that it wastoo little for such a lot of work. Hegrumbled that he didn't like themoney at all but to do it as heneeded the money, he would do it.

grumble = Ææù-í∫ôç.

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTINGFormal (According to rules) Informal (Spoken Form)

Reporting Verb Past tense

Ééπ\úø Informal reporting ™ complained, protested, reminded, agreed ™«çöÀ ´÷ô© ¢√úø’éπ í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. Å™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ reporting †’ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x -îË≤ƒh®·

Now practise the followingReport the direct speech both

in the Formal and Spoken form.Prameela: Let's show our teacher we are

clever students.Vineela: That is the thing we have to do.

Let's work hard and get good

marks.

Kalyan: You haven't done the homework.

Won't the teacher punish you?

Pavan: What do I care? Let her.

Sangeeta: Let there be no delay, please.

Vignata: Be sure I'll be prompt.

1) Hemanth: Sarath, you are late again.

(¨¡®Ωû˝, ´’Sx †’´¤y Ç©Ææuçí¬ -´-î√a-´¤)Sarath: But I'm not. You wanted me here at 5,

and here I am at 5.

( ØËØËç Ç©Ææuçí¬ ®√-™‰-ü¿’. †’´¤y -Å®·Cç-öÀéÀ®Ω-´’t-Ø√o-´¤. Å®·Cç-öÀéÀ -Ééπ\-úø’-Ø√o†’)

Hemanth: Didn't you promise to be here 4.30

itself?

(4.30 èπ◊ Ééπ\-úø’ç-ö«-†E ´÷öÀ-ý-™‰ü∆?)Sarath: I did, but then you said it was enough

If I was here by 5.

(Eï¢Ë’ é¬E †’¢Ëy ÅØ√o´¤ éπü∆ ØËE-éπ\úø -Å®·Cç-öÀ-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©E)

2) Dheeraj: Hi Neeraj, would you like to have

some coffee?

(é¬Ææh coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?)Neeraj: I don't feel like it I've just had coffee.

(BÆæ’éÓ-¢√-©-E°œç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. É°æ¤púË coffee

BÆæ’èπ◊Ø√o)Dheeraj: But you must take some thing. Shall I

get you a drink, perhaps some orange

juice?

(†’¢Ëy-ü¿-®·Ø√ -BÆæ’éÓ¢√-LqçüË. orange

juice ™«çöÀ-üË-¢Á’iØ√ ÉýØ√?)Neeraj: Not nnow, please. Thank you, just the

same .

(É°æ¤púø’ -´-ü¿’l™‰ Å®·Ø√ thank you.)

just the same = Å®·Ø√3) komala: Shall we go to the exhibition this

evening?

(Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´’†ç exhibition

Èé∞«l ÷?)Vimala: Sure; I like to, very much.

(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. Ø√èπ◊ î√-™« É≠ædç)Komala: Then shall we start at 6.30?

(Å®·ûË 6.30èπ◊ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’--ü∆´÷?)Vimala: That's OK for me. I'll be here exactly

at 6.30.

(-Å-™«Íí. ØËE-éπ\úø correct í¬ 6.30 èπ◊çö«)4) Hema: How do you like my calling you

Malli?

(ØË†’ -E-†’o '´’Lx— ÅE °œ©-´úøç -É-≠æd-¢Ë’Ø√?)Malini: Nothing of the sort, Call me Malini.

That is how I like it.

(ÅüËç èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. ††’o ´÷LE ÅØË- °œ-©’-. ÅüËØ√éÀ≠ædç)

Nothing of the sort= ÅüËç èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’– Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ DEo-à Ææç-ü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ Å®·Ø√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Purely conversa-

tional. O’ conversation ™ practice îËßª’çúÕ.5) Subba Rao: How about Rs 500/- for the

whole job?

(Ñ ¢Á·ûªhç °æEéÀ ®Ω÷. 500 É≤ƒh-†’. à´’ç-ö«´¤?)Apparao: That's too little for such a lot of work.

I don't like the amount at all, but I

need money now, so I agree to do it.

(Åçûª °æEéÀ -Éçûª ûªèπ◊\¢√?Ø√èπ◊ É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. Å®·Ø√ Ø√éÀ-°æ¤púø’ úø•’s Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Åçü¿’-éπEä°æ¤p-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.)éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ Direct

speech -†’ strictly accord-

ing to rules, formal (Ææ÷vû√©v°æé¬®Ωç, ví¬ç--C∑éπç) í¬ report

îËßª’-ö«-EéÀ, ordinary spoken form (´÷´‚©’ ¢√u -£æ…-Jéπ ¶µ«≠æ)™ îËßª’-ú≈EéÃ ÖçúË ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eçî√ç.É°æ¤púø’, -§ƒ-®∏√uç- ¡ç -v§ƒ®Ωç--¶µºç-™ -Ö-†o Ææç-¶µ«--≠æ-ù-†’í∫-´’-Eç-îªç-úÕ. OöÀ-™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo èπÿú≈ strictly

according to rules report îËÊÆh î√-™« ÅÆæ-£æ«-ïçí¬,Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-´ôç é¬Ææh É•sç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπEÂ°j Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù-©--†’ ¶µ«´ç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ á™« report îËÆœØ√°∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Å´-ûª-L-¢√--JéÀ Ææ-Jí¬_ -Å®Ωn--¢Á’i-ûË -î√-©’.

Let's try to report this conversation

(°æéπ\ -õ‰--•’-™¸ -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)

I don't feel like..


M. SURESAN

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

Prabhakar: Hi Divakar, when did you come?

(£æ…ß’ C¢√-éπ®˝! á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√a´¤?)Divakar: Hardly a few hours ago, by the

Howrah Express.

(É°æ¤púË éÌEo-í∫ç-ô© éÀçü¿ô, £æ«˜®√áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ™ ´î√a†’.)

Prabhakar: Back home after a long time, you

feel happy, don't you? But why

are you out so soon?

(î√™«-é¬©ç ûª®√yûª AJ-íÌ-î√a´¤. ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC éπü∆? Å®·ûË Å°æ¤púË ´’S•ßª’-öÀ-éÌ-î√a-¢ËçöÀ?)

Divakar: Oh, just think of it. What do I find

as I step into home? Mom down

with a fever.

(îª÷úø’. Éçöx Cí∫-í¬ØË ØË†’ îª÷Æœç-üË-N’öÀ? Å´’tèπ◊ ïy®Ωç.)

Prabhakar: What train did you say you came

by?

(à train ™ ´î√a†Ø√o´¤ †’´¤y?)Didn't you say the Howrah

Express?

(£æ«˜®√ áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ ÅØ√o´¤ éπü∆?)My uncle must have come by the

same train.

(´÷ ´÷´’ßª’u èπÿú≈ ÅüË train ™´îª’aç-ú≈L).But why are you out?

Divakar: I told you. Mom has a fever and I

am going to get some medicines.

What a bother?

(îÁ§ƒp†’ éπü∆. Å´’tèπ◊ ïy®Ωçí¬Öçü¿E, ´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-®√-´-ú≈-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’Ø√o. àç ¶«üµÓ! – NÆæ’í∫’ – What a

bother)

Prabhakar: Really a pity! Hope it's just an

ordinary fever

(Eïçí¬ ü¿’®Ωü¿%≠æd¢Ë’. ´÷´‚©’ïy®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆?)

Divakar: (I) wish it were! But I'm afraid it's

some viral fever.

(´÷´‚©’ ïy®Ωç Å®·ûË ¶«í¬ØËÖç-úË-C. àüÓ viral fever ÅE Å†’-´÷-†çí¬ ÖçC Ø√èπ◊.)

Prabhakar: Sorry to hear that.

(ÅÈ®, §ƒ°æç)Divakar: Damn these heavy rains! They are

the cause of all these.

(Ñ ¢Áüµ¿´ ´®√©’. OöÀ-´™‰x É´Fo.)Prabhakar: Oh, curse my memory! I forgot to

congratulate you on your getting

a new and better job.

(Ø√ ´’A-´’-®Ω-°æ¤-´©x ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ßª÷†’.Fèπ◊ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ éπçõ‰ ´’ç*, éÌûªhjob ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπçví¬ö¸q.

Divakar: Thank you. But I must rush. I've

been too long with you. Mom must

be wondering where I am. See

you later. Bye.

(Thanks. é¬F ØË†’ ¢Á∞«L. FûÓ ´’Káèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o†’. OúÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oú≈ ÅEÅ´’t Å†’-éÌç-ô’ç-ô’çC. ûª®√yûªéπ©’ü∆lç.)

Ñ Ææç¶µ«-≠æù í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆? ÅFo-é¬-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√,áèπ◊\-´í¬ short sentences, exclamationsÖØ√o®· éπü∆. ´’†ç OöÀE spoken English ™report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ç ´÷ô-éÌÊÆh formal í¬ reportîËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ ´’éÃ\éÀ -´’-éÀ\í¬ rules v°æé¬®Ωçreport îËßª’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. äéπJ ´÷ô-™xE ¶µ«´ç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈, Ææ£æ«-ïûªyç éπE-°œç-îË-ôô’x report îËßª’-í∫-L-TûËî√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. îª÷úøçúÕ:Kumar: I am taking the exam next week.

Kesav: Wish you the best of luck.

Report: Kumar told Kesav that he was takingthe exam next week, and Kesavwished him the best of luck.

Kesav's words á™«report îË¨»¢Á÷ (Indirect

speech ™ á™« îÁ§ƒp¢Á÷)í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ´÷´‚-©’í¬Å®·ûË, Kesav said that

he wished him the best

of luck ÅE ÅØ√Lq´Ææ’hçC. Å™« Åçõ‰ for-

mal í¬ í¬F, spoken form ™ í¬F, (formal í¬éπçõ‰ spoken form ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬) î√™« ÅÆæ-£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE Å™«çöÀ ¶µ«´ç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈Â°j† ûÁL-°œ-†ô’x report îËßª’ôç better.

1) Abhishek: Thanks a lot for your help.

Anamika: You are welcome.

(á´-È®jØ√ ´’†èπ◊ thanks îÁ°œp-†-°æ¤púø’, you are

welcome/ you are most welcome/ welcome

Åçö«ç)Report:

a) Present tense: Abhishek thanks

Anamika a lot for her help. Anamika

appreciates his thanks.

b) Past tense: Abhishek thanked Anamika

a lot for her help. Anamika appreciated

it.

2) Pradhan: Congratulations on your getting

the top grade. Keep it up.

Prakash: Thank you.

a) Reporting verb - Present tense:

Pradhan congratulates Prakash on his

getting the top grade and adds a word

of encouragement. Prakash thanks him.

b) Reporting verb - Past tense:

Pradhan congratulated Prakash on his

getting the top grade and added a word

of encouragement. Prakash thanked him.

3) Susanth: This bike often gives me trouble.

What a bother!

(What a bother= áçûª *é¬èπ◊)Report:

a) Susanth is vexed that this/ that bike

often gives him trouble.

b) Susanth was vexed that that bike often

gave him trouble.

É™« ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ He said that,

etc., ™«çöÀN ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ ¶µ«¢√Eo ûÁ©’°æ-í∫-L-TûËî√©’.

4) Ashok: Why did you drive so fast?

(áçü¿’-éπçûª ¢Ëí∫çí¬ †úÕ-§ƒ´¤?)Amar: I was late for class.

(class èπ◊ Ç©-Ææu-´’-®·çC)Ashok: I wouldn't do it if I were you. Isn't

dangerous?

(ØËØË †’ý-®·ûË Å™« îËßª’†’. v°æ´÷ü¿çéπü∆?)

Report:

a) Present tense: Ashok wonders why

Amar drive so fast. Amar says he was

late for class. Ashok advises him not to

do it and warns him it is dangerous.

b) Past tense: Ashok wondered why Amar

had driven so fast. Amar said he was late

for class. Ashok advised him not to do it

and warned him against it/ of the danger/

that it was dangerous.

Now look at the following part of conver-

sation at the beginning of the lesson:

Prabhakar: Really a pity! Hope it is just an

ordinary fever.

Divakar: (I) wish it were! But I'm afraid it's

some viral fever.

Prabhakar: Sorry to hear that.

Suppose we want to report the conversation

above. How do we go about it?

(´’†ç Â°j Ææç¶µ«-≠æù á™« report îË≤ƒhç?)

Study this table carefully and practise the

spoken form well.

Now look at the following expressions &

sentences.

Prabhakar: What train did you say you came by?

D†®Ωnç: †’´¤y à train ™ ´î√a-†-Ø√o¢˛?äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC ÆæJí¬ N†-éπ-§ÚûË, ´’S îÁ°æp-´’-†ôç É™«.

a) O’ Ê°Í®-N’-ô-Ø√o®Ω’, ´’S ã≤ƒJ îÁ°æpçúÕ.What did you say your name was?

b) Srinath: You kept it where?

Sumanth: I kept it on the table.

´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å®·ûË, Where did you keep

it? Åçö«ç éπü∆. spoken form ™ you kept it

where ÅØËC common. DØËo ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬–Where did you say you kept it?

(áéπ\úø Â°ö«d-†-Ø√o´¤ ü∆Eo?)2) Mom must be wondering where I am.

ØËØÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oØ√ ÅE Å´’t -Ç-™-îª-†-™ °æ-úÕ -Öç-ô’ç-C.´÷´‚-©’í¬ wonder Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç ´’†ç-ü¿-JéÀûÁ©’Ææ’– Ç¨¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æßª’ç ÅE. Å®·ûËÉéπ\úø, Mom must be wondering/ I wonder-

É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx wonder èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– 'à´’-ßª·uç-ô’çD,à´’-´îª’a— ÅE. àüÁjØ√ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´’†çÇ™-îª-†™ °æúøôç ÅE.a) I wonder if he knows this =

¢√úÕ-éÀC ûÁ©’≤Ú ûÁL-ßª’üÓ? (Ø√éπ®Ωnç é¬ -ôç-™‰ü¿’)b) Suneetha: Will Suguna come now?

(Ææ’í∫’ù É°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’hçü∆?)Supriya: I wonder.

(´Ææ’hçüÓ ®√üÓ, Ø√éπ-†’-´÷-†¢Ë’)Exercise: Report aloud the whole conversa-

tion at the beginning of the lesson, both

according to rules and informally.


-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 12 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

You are welcome-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 197-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

Prabhakar says it is really

a pity and that he hopes it

is ordinary fever

Divakar says he wishes it

were, but that he suspects

it is some viral fever.

Prabhakar is disap-

pointed and hopes it

is ordinary fever.

Divakar wishes it

were, but suspects

it is a viral fever.

Prabhakar said it was real-

ly a pity and that he hoped

it was ordinary fever.

Divakar expressed a wish

that it had been, but that

he suspected it was some

viral fever.

Prabhakar was dis-

appointed and hoped

it was ordinary fever.

Divakar wished it

had been, but sus-

pected it to be a viral

fever.

Reporting - Present Reporting - Past Formal (acc. to rules) Informal (spoken) Formal (acc. to rules) Informal (spoken)

1. Make †’, Do †’ àN-üµ¿çí¬-Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?

2. Xerox , photocopy ©´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.

– ñ„.®√V, ÇC-™«-¶«ü˛1. a) Make means to produce / manu-

facture. Make Åçõ‰ üËØÁj oØ√ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-ßª’úøç, ÖûªpAh îËßª’úøç ÅØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.i) Mother is making coffee =

Å´’t é¬°∂‘ ûªßª÷®Ω’îË≤ÚhçC.ii) The student is making an

attempt to understand the sub-

ject = Nü∆uJn Ææ¶„b-èπ◊d†’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ v°æßª’ûªoç îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’.

b) Do= àüÁjØ√ °æE-îË-ßª’ôç/ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªôçi) What is he doing? =

ÅûªØËç îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’ (àüÁjØ√ °æE)He is studying= Åûªúø’ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.

ii) You do your duty = F NCµ †’´¤y- îÁ®·u (E®Ωy-£œ«çîª’)Do work, harm, homework, business, a course,

one's best, etc.

Make a cake, money, a speech, fun etc.,

2. Photocopy, Photostat Åçõ‰ üËE-ÈéjØ√ photo BÆœ†-ô’xí¬´îËa copy ÅE. Xerox company ¢√∞¡x machine O’ü¿BÊÆ photocopy Å®·ûË Xerox copy Åçö«®Ω’. photo-

stat machines †’ ¢Á·ü¿ô v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-Â°-öÀdçD, É°æp-öÀéÃ ÅûªuçûªÂ°ü¿l company ÅüË. ÅÆæ©’ ÅØ√-LqçC photocopy ÅØË.Xerox copy Xerox brand machine O’ü¿ -BÊÆ copy

È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰. photocopy correct.

-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 14 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 1

Prabhakar: Hi DivakarWhen did you come?

Divakar: Hardly a few hoursago, by Howrah Express

Prabhakar: Back home aftera long time, you feel happy,don't you? But why are youout so soon?

Divakar: Oh, Just think of itwhat do I find as I step intohome? Mom down with afever.

Prabhakar: What train didYou say you came by? Didn'tyou say Howrah Express?But why are you out?

Divakar: I told you. mom hasa fever and I'm going to getsome medicines What abother!

Divakar: Damn these heavyrains! They are the cause ofall these.

Prabhakar: Oh curse mymemory. I forgot to congratu-late on your getting new andbetter Job.

Divakar: Thank you, but Imust rush. I've been longwith you. Mom must be won-dering where I am. See youlater Bye.

Prabhakar asked Divakar when hehad came.

Divakar Replied that he had comehardly a few hours ago by theHowrah Express.

Prabhakar asked observed thatback home after a long time, he felthappy and asked him if he didn't.He asked him however why he wasout so soon.Divakar disappointed askedPrabhakar to think of what hefound just as he stepped intohome- mom down with a fever

Prabhakar asked Divakar whattrain he had said he came by, andif he hadn't said Howrah Express.He asked him why he was out.

Divakar said that he had told himthat mom has a fever and he wasgoing to get some medicines. Hewas not at all happy about it.

Divakar cursed the rains, and saidthey were the cause of all those.

Prabhakar cursed his memory, ashe forgot to congratulate Divakar onhis getting a new and better job .

Divakar, thanking Prabhakar saidhe had to rush and that he hadbeen with him long. Mom must bewondering where he was. Hewould see him later. He said bye tohim.

Prabhakar wanted to knowwhen Divakar had come.

Divakar had come hardly afew hours ago by the HowrahExpress

Prabhakar said that Divakarmust be feeling happy to beback home after a long time,but wondered why he was outso soon.

Divakar was disappointed thatas he stepped into home hefound mom down with a fever.

Prabhakar wanted to be surewhat train Divakar had comeby and if it wasn't HowrahExpress. He wanted to knowwhy he was out.

Divakar had already told himto his mom's fever and wasvery unhappy he was going toget some medicines.

Divakar cursed the rains forbeing the cause of all these.

Prabhakar cursed his memory,as he forgot to congratulateDivakar on his getting a newand better job .Divakar thanked Prabhakarand wanted to rush. He hadbeen with him long and hismom must be wonderingwhere he was. He would seehim later and bade him bye.

DIRECT SPEECHReporting Verb Past tence

According to rules Spoken Form

Naresh: Where are you coming from?

(†’¢Áy-éπ\--úø’oç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)Ramesh: From my uncle's.

(´÷ ´÷´’ßª’u ÉçöÀ †’ç* - Ææ’h--Ø√o-†’)Naresh: You go there quite frequently, don't

you?

(†’ý-éπ\-úÕéÀ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢Á∞¡-û√´¤ éπü∆?)Ramesh: I do. He asks me to eat there quite

often.

(Å´¤†’. Çßª’† ††’o ûª®Ω----îª÷ ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ°œ©’-≤ƒhúø’.)

Naresh: Hasn't he a daughter?

(Çßª’-†èπ◊ èπÿûª’-®Ω’çC éπü∆?)Ramesh: What're you driving at?

(àN’öÀ †’ýç-öçC?)drive at = ÉçÍéüÓ ÖüËl-Pç* îÁ°æpôç. I still don't

understand what she was driving at = Ç¢Á’Å™« Å†-ôç™ -Ö-†o ÖüËl ¡ç àN’ö É°æpöÀ -Ø√èπ◊-Å®Ωl¥ç é¬´ôç ™‰ü¿’. 'drive at' -¢√-úø’éπ-†’ -O’ con-

versation ™ practice îËßª’ç-úÕ.Naresh: I've been wondering all these

days why you go there so

often. Now I know.

( †’´¤y áçü¿’èπ◊ Åéπ\úÕ-éÀ ûª®Ωîª÷

¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o¢Ó Ø√èπ◊ -ÉEo ®ÓV©÷ Å®Ωnç é¬™‰ü¿’.É°æ¤púø’ ûÁL-ÆœçC)

Wonder = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – Ç¨¡a-®Ωu-°æ-úøôç – É™«çöÀÆæçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™, Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ î√™« v°æßª’-Aoç-îª-ôç/-Å®Ωnç é¬éπ-§Ú-´ôç)

Ramesh: What do you know?

(àçöÀ Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ÆœçC?)Naresh: A marriage in the offing.

(Â°Rx ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓç-ü¿E) (In the offing = ï®Ω’-í∫-†’†o)Ramesh: I'm sorry I'm going to disappoint

you. My uncle does have a daugh-

ter, but she is already the mother of

two babes.

(E†’o E®Ω’-û√q£æ«°æ-®Ω’Ææ’h-†-oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿í¬ÖçC. ´÷ ´÷´’-ßª’uèπ◊ èπÿûª’-®Ω’çC, é¬FÇ¢Á’ Éü¿l®Ω’ °œ©x© ûªLx)

2) Sekhar: Hi Nabh, how tall you have grown

since I saw you last a year ago !.(Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç éÀçü¿ô E†’o îª÷Æœ-†-°æpöÀéÀ...-É°æp-öÀéÀ áçûª áC-í¬´¤!)

Nabh: So have you. True; I certainly am 2

inches taller than I was a year ago.

What about you.

(Eï¢Ë’ éÀçü¿õ‰-ú≈C éπçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’ È®çúøç-í∫’-∞«©’ Â°-Jí¬-†’. -´’-J F Ææçí∫A?)

Sekhar: Just two inches. That's all.

(È®çúøç-í∫’-∞«™‰ ÅçûË. That's all = ÅçûË Is this all? = ÉçûËØ√? That's all = ÅçûË. O’ con-

versation ™ practice îËßª’çúÕ.Nabh: That makes us equally tall.

(Åçõ‰ ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç äÍé áûªh-†o-´÷ô)Sekhar: You're wrong, my friend. I am still

taller than you by half an inch.

(§Ò®Ω--•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o- ¤ N’vûª ÷, Féπçõ‰ -ØË-†’ É°æp-öÀéÃ 1/2 Åçí∫’--∞¡ç áèπ◊\- áûª’h --Ö-Ø√o-†’)

Nabh: If that makes you happy, have it so.

(Å™« Å†’-éÓôç Fèπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-¢Á’iûË, Å-™«ÍíÅ†’éÓ.)

3) Nagaraj: Let me finish this chapter. I'll come

with you wherever you want.

(Ñ chapter °æ‹Jh îËÆœ-† --ûª®√y-ûª†’¢Áy-éπ\-úÕ-éÀ-®Ω-´’tçõ‰ Åéπ\-úÕ-éÌ-≤ƒh†’)Prakash: Murthy will complain we

are late. (´’†ç late ÅE´‚Jh ûª°æ¤p°æ-úø-û√-úø’)

Nagaraj: Let him. My test tomor-

row is more important

than this outing.

(ûª°æp-ôdF. Ñ ≠œé¬®Ω’ éπçõ‰ Í®°æ-öÀ Ø√test Ø√èπ◊ -î√-™« ´·êuç)Prakash: you're right Let him

understand that.

(†’´¤y ÅØËC Ææ•¶‰. ÅC ¢√úø’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L.)´’†ç direct speech report È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ îË-ßª’-´-îªa-E í∫-ûª lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. 1) î√-™« formal

í¬ (rule v°æé¬®Ωç) 2) Å®Ωnç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ (informal í¬)spoken form ™ (Åçõ‰ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬). Ñcolumns ™ ´’† ÖüËl¨¡ç spoken English ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´ôç é¬•öÀd, ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË English Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰, spoken form ™ report îËßª’úøç-ûÓ-§ƒ-ô’, --v§ƒéÃdÆˇ èπÿ-ú≈ -Å-ûªuç-ûª éÃ-©éπç.Â°j passage ™ áèπ◊\´ ¶µ«í∫ç Spoken form™ report

îËßª’-ö«-EÍé Å†’- ¤í¬ Ö-ç-úø-ö«-Eo í∫ ’-Eç-îªçúÕ. According

to rules practice îËßª’--úøç -Åç-ûª ¶«í∫’ç-úø--ü¿’. -É-C í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.Let us see two or three samples: Practise them

with the reporting verb in the Present Tense

and in the Past Tense as well.

¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* ´’†ç reporting verb present tense

™ èπÿú≈ practise îËßª’ôç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.DEéÀ ´·êu-é¬-®Ωùç ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x î√™« -´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ´’-éπ~ç™ØË ¢√∞¡x ´÷ô©’ report

îËÊÆ Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ áèπ◊\-´-í¬ØË Öçö«®·. Å™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x present tense ™ØË report îË≤ƒhç éπü∆?É°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ ÅüË îËü∆lç:

I'm sorry I'm going ...


M. SURESAN

DIRECT SPEECHREPORTING (Only Spoken Form)

Reporting Verb Present Reporting Verb Past

Naresh wants to know where Rameshis coming from.

Ramesh is coming from his uncle'splace.

Naresh observes that Ramesh goesthere frequently and asks him if hedoesn't?

Ramesh agrees that he goes thereoften as his uncle asks him to eat therequite often.

Naresh wonders if he hasn't a daugh-ter.Ramesh wants to know /wonders whatNaresh is driving at.

Naresh has been wondering all thesedays why Ramesh went there so often.Now he knows.

Ramesh is asking Naresh what heknows.

Naresh hopes for a marriage in the off-ing.

Ramesh is sorry to disappoint Naresh.Ramesh's uncle does have a daughterbut she is already the mother of twobabes.

Naresh: Where areyou coming from?Ramesh: from myuncle's Naresh: You go there,frequently, don't you?

Ramesh: I do. He asksme to eat there quiteoften.

Naresh: Hasn't he adaughter?Ramesh: What areyou driving at?

Naresh: I've beenwondering all thesedays why you go thereso often. Now know.Ramesh: What do

you know?

Naresh: A Marriage inthe offing.

Ramesh: I'm sorry I amgoing to disappoint you.My uncle does havedaughter, but she isalready the mother oftwo babes.

Naresh Wanted to know whereRamesh was coming from.

Ramesh was coming from hisuncle's place.Naresh observed that Rameshwent there frequently, and askshim if he didn't.

Ramesh agreed that he wentthere often as his uncle askedhim to eat there quite often.

Naresh wondered if he hadn'ta daughter

Ramesh wanted to know/ won-dered at What Naresh wasdriving at.Naresh had been wonderingwhy Ramesh went there sooften. Now he knew.

Ramesh asked Naresh whathe knew.

Naresh hoped for a marriage inthe offing.

Ramesh was sorry to disap-point Naresh. Ramesh's uncledid have a daughter but shewas already the mother of twobabes.

Q) Year by year, Year after year, Every otheryear Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀéÀ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? üËEo á°æ¤púø’Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?

üµ¿†, Â£j«-ü¿®√--¶«-ü˛.

i) Year by year = Every year.v°æA Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ÅE. Year by year, he is grow-

ing richer and richer. (Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Ææç´-û√q-®√-EéÃ, ÅûªúÕÆæç°æü¿ Â°J-T-§Ú-ûÓçC).ii) Year after year = continuously, without brake.Year after year passed, he continued to workhard, though he was getting older and olderÆæçûªq-®√© ûª®Ω-•úÕ, ´ßª’Ææ’ Â°j°æúø’ûª’Ø√o, Åûªúø’ éπ≠æd°æúÕ°æE-îË-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√oúø’.Year after year his study continued = Ææç´-ûªq-®√-©’í¬ ÅûªúÕ Åüµ¿u-ßª’†ç ≤ƒTçC.Every other year = alternate year Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ´÷Ja (NúÕ*) Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç

Every other year he goes to the US =

Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç NúÕ* Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Åûªúø’ Å¢Á’-Jé¬¢Á∞¡-û√úø’.Q) a, e, i, o, u©ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u °æü∆©´·çü¿’ An ®√¢√L éπü∆! Å®·ûË University,

European ™«çöÀ °æü∆© ´·çü¿’ 'A' áçü¿’èπ◊¢√úøû√ç?

N. í¬çDµ §ƒ-´’®˝, éÌ-ûªhí∫÷-úÁç.ï¢√•’: a/ an Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç – Å, Ç, É, Ñ, á, à, â,ä, ã, å – Ñ ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº- ’ßË’u English ´÷ô©´·çü¿’ 'an' ¢√úøû√ç. N’í∫-û√-¢√öÀ ´·çü¿’ 'a' ¢√úøû√ç.University, European, Ñ È®çúø’ ´÷ô©÷, Â°j†îÁ°œp† ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç¶µºç é¬´ôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπEan ¢√úøç (European= ßª‚®Ω-°œ-ßª’Ø˛; University =

ßª‚E-´-JqöÀ – 'ßª‚— ÅØË ¨¡•lç Å †’ç* å ´®Ωèπ◊ ÖçúËûÁ©’í∫’ ¨¡¶«l™x ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆.)

Answers to the exercise under lesson no: 197

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 18 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Vinamra: Are you sure which train we are trav-

elling by and on which date?

(´’†ç à -võ„®·-Ø˛™, à ûËD ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o¢Á÷Fèπ◊ éπ*aûªçí¬ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)

Vismaya: Of course I am. We are going by the

AP Express on the 30th. Let there be

no doubt about it.

(áçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’?´’†ç 30-† -á.°œ. áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ™ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç.) (Of course I am – ûÁ-L-ßª’-éπ-§Ú-´ôçàçöÃ? ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’ ÅE.)

Vinamra: Then what about the reservation.

(´’J- -J-ïÍ®y-≠æ-Ø˛ Ææçí∫-ûËç-öÀ?)Vismaya: That's the travel dept's business. Let

them do it.

(ÅC v°æßª÷ùN¶µ«í∫ç ¢√-∞¡x ¶«üµ¿uûª. -Ç °æE¢√∞¡Ÿx îËßª÷--L.)

Vinamra: What about the director's travel

arrangements?

(-´’-J -úÁjÈ®éπd®˝ -v°æ-ßª÷-ù -à®√p-ôx Ææçí∫-A?)Vismaya: It's not our business. Let his PA (per-

sonal assistant) take care of them.

(´’†èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. Çßª’† °œ.-á.îª÷Ææ’éÓ-¢√Lq† N≠æßª’ç ÅC.)

Vinamra: How long are we to be in Delhi

(´’†ç -úµÕ-Mx-™ áEo ®ÓV-©’ç-ú≈L?)Vismaya: Let's make the best of the trip. Let's

stay there for two or three days after

the conference. We can do a bit of

shopping and sight seeing too.

(Ñ v°æßª÷-ù«Eo ´’†ç ÆæCy-E-ßÁ÷í∫çîËÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç. Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç ûª®√yûª Åéπ\úøÈ®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©’çü∆ç. é¬Ææh -≥ƒ°œçí˚,ÂÆj-ö¸Æ‘-®·çí˚ èπÿú≈ îËü∆lç.) Make the best of = üË-E-ØÁj-Ø√ÆæCy-E-ßÁ÷í∫ç îËÆæ’éÓ-´ôç.

Sight seeing =

°æ®√u-ôéπ Ææn©ç îª÷úøôç.Vinamra: Won't the director object?

(´’J úÁjÈ®éπd®˝ Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç-îÁ-G-ûË-ØÓ?/ úÁjÈ®éπd®˝ Å¶µºu-ûª®ΩçîÁ°æpú≈?)

Vismaya: Let him. But why should he?

We are going to stay there for the

extra days, at our expense.

(îÁ°æpF. ÅÆæ©’ Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç áçü¿’èπ◊îÁ§ƒpL? Ç È®çvúÓ-V©’ ´’†ç ´’† ê®Ω’a©O’ü¿ Öçö«ç.)

Vinamra: Let's tell him of it in advance. Getting

leave for the two days will be easy.

(Å®·ûË ÑN≠æßª’ç Çßª’-†èπ◊ ´·ç-üËîÁ-•’--ü∆ç. Å°æ¤púø’ Ç È®ç-úø’®Ó-V-©èπ◊ ÂÆ©´¤BÆæ’éÓ- úøç -Ææ’-©-¶µºçí¬ Öçô’çC.)

Vismaya: Why are you so worried about it? Let

him not grant leave. He will see what

happens.

(àçôçûª éπçí¬®Ω’ °æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? ÂÆ©-N-ý-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúøF îª÷ü∆lç. Çßª’-†ÍéûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.)

Â°j Conversation ™ let î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ´*açC. Let

Ö†o sentences †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬îËßª÷L. Let †’ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd, ü∆E-èπ◊†o Å®√nEo

•öÀd, ü∆Eo report îËßª’ôç´÷®Ω’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.Spoken English ™ let

¢√úøéπç î√™«áèπ◊\´. ûª®Ωîª’í¬¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. Åçü¿’-éπE ÅCÖ†o sentences †’ á™«report îËßª÷™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç.ÅÆæ©’ let ¢√úø’éπ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-

èπ◊çõ‰ ÅC á™« report

îËßª÷™ Ææ’©¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωnç Å´¤-ûª’çC.1) Let = allow (Ææ´’t-Aç-îªôç/ã °æE îÁßª’u-E-ýôç)a) Let him go = Allow him

to go = ¢√úÕ-E ¢Á∞¡xF.b) Let the milk boil = Allow the milk to boil =

§ƒ©’ ´’®Ω-í∫-F/-é¬-í∫F.c) Let her come in = Allow her to come in =

Ç¢Á’†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®√F (®Ω´’t†’).2) us ´·çü¿’ let (let us...) ¢√úÕûË ÅC v°æA-§ƒ-

ü¿†/Ææ÷îª† (proposal/ suggestion) Å´¤-ûª’çC.a) Let us go now = ´’†ç ¢Á-∞¡--ü∆ç °æü¿.b) Let us (Let's) have some thing to eat

= é¬Ææh àüÁjØ√ Açü∆ç.

c) Let us not trouble him

-Å-ûª-úÕ-E ´’†ç ¶«üµ¿-Â°-öÔdü¿’l.3) Let †’ Warning Éý-ú≈-EéÀ (Â£«îªa-Jç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ) èπÿú≈

¢√úøû√ç.a) Let him not come here again

-Å-ûª-úÕ-E ´’S Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√F-ßª’èπ◊/ ®√´-ü¿lE îÁ°æ¤p/®√èπÿ-úøü¿’.

b) Let him understand we are not afraid of him

Åûª-†çõ‰ ´’†Íéç ¶µºßª’ç™‰ü¿E -Å-ûª-úÕ-E Å®ΩnçîËÆæ’-éÓF.c) Let her know her limits

Ç¢Á’ £æ«ü¿’l©’ Ç¢Á’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’ç*C.d) Let †’ order/ command èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.a) Let him finish the work in an hour

í∫çô-™ °æE °æ‹Jh îËßª÷L.b) Let them clear all this mess -

Ñ éπçí¬S Åçû√ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¨¡Ÿv¶µº-°æ-®Ω-î√L.5) ´’† E®Ωx-é~¬uEo ûÁ©°æú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ let

¢√úøû√ç.a) Let him complain to the police.

What do I care = Police èπ◊ com-

plaint îËÆæ’éÓ-´’†’/îËÆæ’éÓF. Ø√Íéç¶µºßª’ç ™‰ü¿’.

b) Let the government do it =

ÅC v°æ¶µº’ûªyç îËßª÷-Lq† °æE.ÉN let èπ◊†o Å®√n©÷, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’. ´’†çlet ûÓ Ö†o sentences †’ report îËÊÆ--

ô°æ¤púø’ ü∆E Å®√nEo, ¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd reporting

verbs, order, warn, request, ask ™«çöÀN ¢√ú≈L.I. ´·êuçí¬ let Ö†o sentence ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬Imperative í¬ Öçô’çC. é¬•öÀd ü∆Eo imperative

sentence †’ report îËÆœ-†ô’x, Åçõ‰ let ´·çü¿’to let Â°öÀd v§ƒ®Ωç-GµÊÆh ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC éπü∆.Prasad: Let me go. I have work to do.

Pramod: Let me know first when we have to

start.

Report (Reporting Verb - Past)Prasad asked Pramod to let him go as he had

work to do.

Pramod in reply asked Prasad to let him know

first when they had to start.

II. Let, suggestion èπ◊ ¢√úÕûË, suggest ÅE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´îª’a.

Vimal: Let's go to a movie

(ÆœE´÷Èé∞«lç °æü¿/ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«l´÷?) (Let's - Let us)

Kamal: Let's first finish the assignment (´’†ç¢Á·ü¿ô Ñ assignment °æ‹Jh-îËü∆lç.

Report: (Reporting Verb - Past)Vimal suggested that they (should) go to a

movie./ Vimal suggested going to a movie.

/ Suggested to a movie.

Kamal then suggested that they finish the

assignment first/ suggested finishing the

assignment.

(Observe the use of suggest in the sentences

above)

É™«Íí Let †’ Warning èπ◊ ¢√úÕûË Warn/ Warns/

Warned, Command èπ◊ ¢√úÕûË Command/

Commands/ Commanded ÅF Spoken English

™ report begin îË≤ƒhç.

Lecturer: Let all the students take the test

without fail.

(Åçü¿®Ω’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ °æKéπ~ ®√ßª÷L – ÉCcommand éπü∆)

Report: a) The lecturer orders that all the students take

the test without fail. (Reporting Verb-

Present)

b) The lecturer ordered all the students to take

the test without fail. (Reporting Verb - Past)

Sub - inspector: Let him not do it again

(Åûª-EC ´’S îËßª’-èπÿ-úøü¿’– warning)

Report: a) The sub - inspector warns him not

do it again. (Reporting Verb - Present)

b) The sub - inspector warned him not to do it

again (Reporting Verb - Past)

É™« let †’ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ´’†ç Reporting

verb áç°œéπ îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L ÅE Å®Ωn--¢Á’içC éπü∆. Let's now try to report a part of the conversation

at the beginning of the lesson.

Exercise: Report the rest of the conversation at

the beginning of the lesson with the reporting

verb in the present and the past tense.

Let us not trouble him

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

200-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

DIRECT SPEECHREPORT (Spoken Form)

Reporting Verb Present tense Reporting Verb Past tense

Vinamra asks Vismaya if she is sure

which train they are travelling by and

on which date.

Vismaya is of course sure that they

are going by the AP Express on the

30th. She assures Vinamra that there

need not be any doubt about it.

Vinamra wants to know about the

reservation.

Vismaya points out that that's the trav-

el dept's business and that they must

take care of it.

Vinamra likes to know/ would like to

know about the director's travel

arrangements.

Vismaya dismisses it as not their busi-

ness and says that, his PA must take

care of it/ it is for his PA to take care of

it.

Vinamra wants to know how long they

are to be in Delhi.

Vismaya suggests that they (should)

make the best of their trip and that

they (should) stay there for two or

three days after the Conference.

Vinamra: Are you sure

which train we are

travelling by, and on

which date?

Vismaya: Of course I

am. We are going by

the AP Express on the

30th. Let there be no

doubt about it.

Vinamra: Then what

about the reservation?

Vismaya: That's the

travel dept's business.

Let them do it.

Vinamra: What about

the director's travel

arrangements?

Vismaya: It's not our

business. Let his PA

take care of it.

Vinamra: How long

are we to be in Delhi?

Vismaya: Let's make

the best of the trip.

Let's stay there for two

or three days after the

Conference.

Vinamra asked Vismaya if she

was sure which train they were

travelling by and on which

date.

Vismaya was of course sure

they were going by the AP

Express on the 30th. She

assured Vinamra that there

need not be any doubt about it.

Vinamra wanted to know about

the reservation.

Vismaya pointed out that that

was the travel dept's business

and they had to take care of it.

Vinamra liked to know/ would

know about the director's travel

arrangements.

Vismaya dismissed it as not

their business and said that the

PA had to take care of it/ it was

for his PA to take care of it.

Vinamra wanted to know how

long they were to be in Delhi.

Vismaya suggested that they

(should) make the best of their

trip and that they (should) stay

there for two or three days after

the Conference.

(dismiss = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç, ÖüÓu-í∫ç-™ -†’ç-* -Ö-üÓu-T-E--/ Ææ÷\-™¸, é¬-™‰-ñ¸-™ -†’ç* Nü∆u-JnE BÊÆ-ßª’ôç.Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç = ûÓÆœ-§ƒ-Í®-ßª’-ôç/- éÌ-öÀd-§ƒ-Í®-ßª’ôç).

It is for him to do it = ÅC Åûª-úø’ îËßª÷-Lq† °æE. It is for the teacher to say if a student is clever or

not = -N-ü∆u-Jn ûÁL-¢Áj-†-¢√ú≈ é¬ü∆ ÅE îÁ§ƒp-LqçC -öÃ-îª®˝.

Documents

Spoken English 176 to 200