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Spring 2006

EE 5304/EETS 7304 Internet Protocols

Course overview

Tom OhDept of Electrical Engineering

taehwan@engr.smu.edu

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Course Info

Class: Tu 6:30-9:20PM, Caruth 128

Email: taehwan@engr.smu.edu

Website: http://www.engr.smu.edu/eets7304/

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Course Info (cont)

Textbook: D. Comer, R. Droms, Computer Networks and Internets with Internet Applications, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, 2004

Packaged with lab book, Hands-on Networking with Internet Technologies

Slides will be handed out in class and put on website

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TCP/IP References (not required)

R. Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Vol. 1: the Protocols, Addison-Wesley, 1994

D. Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP - Vol. 1: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, 2000

R. Stevens, B. Fenner, A. Rudoff, Unix Network Programming, Vol. 1: the Sockets Networking API, 3rd ed., Addison Wesley, 2004

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General Networking Texts (not required)

A. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, 2003

J. Kurose, K. Ross, Computer Networks: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, Addison Wesley, 2001

W. Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, 7th ed., Prentice Hall, 2003

L. Peterson, B. Davie, Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 3rd ed., Morgan Kaufmann, 2003

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Course Overview (cont)

Prerequisites: EETS 7301 or equivalent previous exposure to data communications

Introductory graduate core course (required for new MS Telecom students)

Bottom-up approach to TCP/IP protocols, as preparation for advanced EETS courses

Part 1: basic networking (LANs, packet switching, network protocols, routing)

Part 2: IP/ICMP Part 3: TCP/UDP Part 4: application protocols (HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, VOIP,

video over IP) and network security if time allows

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Grading

EE 5304 EETS 7304

Exam 1 (2/28) 30% 30%

Exam 2 (4/4) 30% 30%

Exam 3 (finals week) 40% 30%

Term paper* optional 10%

*Due last day of class

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Outline

Week 1 Course overview, protocol layers

Week 2 Data link layer, LANs

Week 3 LANs, bridges, packet switching

Week 4 Network protocols (ATM, X.25), IPv4

Week 5 IPv4, ICMP

Week 6 IPv6, IP routers

Week 7 IP routers (Exam1)

Week 8 MPLS

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Outline (cont)

Week 9 Routing protocols, RIP, OSPF

Week 10 (spring break)

Week 11 UDP, TCP (Good Friday 3/25)

Week 12 (Exam 2) TCP

Week 13 TCP, RTP

Week 14 Client-server, WWW, DNS

Week 15 SMTP, SNMP

Week 16 VOIP, video over IP, (network security?)

(Exam 3)

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Term Papers

15-20 page term paper on any topic of personal interest related to Internet protocols

A technical deep paper, not a broad survey Evaluation criteria: timeliness, correctness, depth, well

referenced

Or hands-on project

Good source for ideas is lab book (Comer, Hands-on Networking with Internet Technologies) accompanying the textbook

Evaluation criteria: completeness, correctness, level of difficulty, well documented

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SMU Incomplete Grades Policy

An Incomplete (I) may be given if the majority of the course requirements have been completed with passing grades but for some justifiable reason, acceptable to the instructor, the student has been unable to complete the full requirements of the course. Before an (I) is given, the instructor should stipulate, in writing, to the student the requirements and completion date that are to be met and the grade that will be given if the requirements are not met by the completion date. The maximum period of time allowed to clear the Incomplete grade is 12 months (except for graduate thesis and dissertation courses). If the Incomplete grade is not cleared by the date set by the instructor or by

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SMU Incomplete Grades Policy (cont)

the end of the 12-month deadline, the (I) may be changed to an F or to another grade specified by the instructor. The grade of (I) is not given in lieu of an F, WP, or other grade, each of which is prescribed for other specific circumstances. If the student's work is incomplete and the quality has not been passing, an F will be given. The grade of (I) does not authorize the student to attend the course during a later semester. Graduation candidates must clear all Incompletes prior to the deadline in the official University Calendar, which may allow less time than 12 months. Failure to do so can result in removal from the degree candidacy list.

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SMU Statement on Disability

Disability Accommodations: If you need academic accommodations for a disability, you must first contact Ms. Rebecca Marin, Coordinator, Services for Students with Disabilities (214-768-4563), to verify the disability and to establish eligibility for accommodations. Then you should schedule an appointment with the professor to make appropriate arrangements.

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SMU Statement on Religious Observance

Religiously observant students wishing to be absent on holidays that require missing class should notify their professors in writing at the beginning of the semester, and should discuss with them, in advance, acceptable ways of making up any work missed because of the absence.

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SMU Statement on Excused Absences

Students participating in an officially sanctioned, scheduled University extracurricular activity will be given the opportunity to make up class assignments or other graded assignments missed as a result of their participation. It is the responsibility of the student to make arrangements with the instructor prior to any missed scheduled examination or other missed assignment for making up the work.

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SMU Statement on Academic Honesty

Academic dishonesty may be defined broadly as a student' misrepresentation of his or her academic work or of the circumstances under which the work is done. This includes plagiarism in all papers, projects, take-home exams, or any other assignments in which the student represents work as being his or her own. It also includes cheating on examinations, unauthorized access to test materials, and aiding another student to cheat or participate in an act of academic dishonesty. Failure to prevent cheating by another may be considered as participation in the dishonest act.

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SMU Honor Code

Intellectual integrity and academic honesty are fundamental to the processes of learning and evaluating academic performance; maintaining them is the responsibility of all members of an educational institution. The inculcation of personal standards of honesty and integrity is a goal of education in all the disciplines of the University. The faculty has the responsibility of encouraging and maintaining an atmosphere of academic honesty by being certain that students are aware of the value of it, that they understand the regulations defining it, and that they know the penalties for departing from it. The faculty should, as far as is reasonably possible, assist students in avoiding the

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SMU Honor Code (cont)

temptation to cheat. Faculty must be aware that permitting dishonesty is not open to personal choice. A professor or instructor who is unwilling to act upon offenses is an accessory with the student offender in deteriorating the integrity of the University. Students must share the responsibility for creating and maintaining an atmosphere of honesty and integrity. Students should be aware that personal experience in completing assigned work is essential to learning. Permitting others to prepare their work, using published or unpublished summaries as a substitute for studying required materials, or giving or receiving unauthorized assistance in the preparation of

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SMU Honor Code (cont)

work to be submitted are directly contrary to the honest process of learning. Students who are aware that others in a course are cheating or otherwise acting dishonestly have the responsibility to inform the professor and/or bring an accusation to the Honor Council. Students and faculty must mutually share the knowledge that any dishonest practices permitted will make it more difficult for the honest students to be evaluated and graded fairly, and will damage the integrity of the whole University. Students should recognize that their own interest, and their integrity as individuals, suffer if they condone dishonesty in others.

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Honor System

All undergraduate students at SMU are under the jurisdiction of the Honor Code, and as such will be required to sign a pledge to uphold the Honor Code. The Honor Council is composed of 22 students appointed by the Student Senate to represent the undergraduate schools and classes of the University. The Council’s responsibility is to maintain and promote academic honesty. Students are required to warn or to report to the Honor Council or faculty any student suspected of violating the Honor Code, and to inform the instructor of a course in which violations are suspected that he or she may not be achieving an atmosphere conducive to academic honesty.

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Honor System (cont)

Suspected violations reported to the Honor Council by a student or by an instructor will be investigated and, if the evidence warrants it, a hearing will be held by a Board composed of five members of the Honor Council. Suspected cases of academic dishonesty may be either handled privately by the appropriate faculty member in whose class the alleged infraction occurred, or referred to the Honor Council. Appeals of actions by the Honor Council shall be submitted to the All-University Judicial Council in writing no later than three class days after the hearing. Appeals of actions taken by instructors independently of the Honor Council may be made through the traditional academic routes.

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Term Paper Topics - Suggestions

VOIP

Motivations, problems with quality of service and interworking with telephone network

Differentiated services (diffserv)

Concepts of diffserv architecture versus intserv

Web caching

Techniques for caching and difficulties

Mobile IP

Principles and limitations of mobile IP, and possible solutions

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Term Paper Topics (cont)

Wireless LANs (IEEE 802.11)

Standards, security, new developments

Spam filtering

Bayesian spam filters

Denial of service attacks

Distributed DoS attack tools, defenses

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Types of networks, protocol layers, OSI reference model, TCP/IP protocol suite

Tom OhDept of Electrical Engineering

taehwan@engr.smu.edu

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Outline

Types of networks

History

Standards

Text book (Comer): Pg: 59

Terminology

Text book (Comer): Appendix 1: Glossary of Networking Terms and Abbreviations

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Types of Networks

Networks can be classified by

Size Switching Media Speed Network protocols Types of services

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Network Size

PANs - private, room, shared medium (radio)

LANs - private, building, shared medium, access control protocol

MANs - public, city/campus, shared medium

WANs - public, state/nation, switched

internets - various administrations, national or worldwide, heterogeneous, routers/gateways

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Type of Switching

Distribution - one-way broadcast/multicast, no contention

broadcast TV, CATV

Shared medium - broadcast, medium access control (MAC)

LANs, MANs

Switched

Circuit switched, eg, telephone Packet switched, eg, Internet

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Media

Twisted pair - 2 insulated copper wires, reduced crosstalk, low rates < 56 kbps, eg, telephone local loop

Coax cable - copper core in conductive sheath, high rate < 400 Mbps, low noise eg, LANs, CATV

Optic fiber - glass or plastic, very low noise, very high rate ~ Gbps, eg, telephone trunks, LANs, MANs

Radio - possible interference, spectrum allocated by FCC

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Speed

Narrowband - generally 1.5 Mbps or slower

Broadband - generally above 1.5 Mbps

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Network protocols

Bluetooth (personal area)

Ethernet, token ring, FDDI (local area)

Gigabit ethernet, DQDB (metropolitan areas)

X.25, ATM, frame relay (wide area)

IP (internets)

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Services/Traffic

Voice - telephony

Video - television

Data - LANs, Internet

Integrated services - Internet, ATM

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Historical Highlights

1820s telegraphy

Hans Oersted discovers EM changes carried over a wire connected to battery, detected by compass

Samuel Morse invents repeaters and Morse code

1854 Philip Reise, 1876 Alexander Bell, Eliza Gray - invent telephone

Bell founds Bell Telephone Co, buys Western Electric, becomes AT&T

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Historical Highlights (cont)

1960s modems

Modulate digital data into voiceband analog signal, allowing use of extensive telephone network

V.32 standard 9.6 kbps, V.32bis standard 14.4 kbps, V.34 standard 28.8 kbps, K56flex/V.90 standards 56 kbps

1960s-1970s conversion of telephone network to digital

1960s T-carrier digital transmission 1970s digital electronic programmable switches

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Historical Highlights (cont)

1969 ARPAnet

Advanced Research Projects Agency (now DARPA) of DoD

Pioneered use of packet switching between military and research centers

Inspired MILNET, TYMNET, TELENET, DECnet, and other packet networks in 1970s

Restricted to military and academic users

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Historical Highlights (cont)

1970s LANs

Ethernet - Metcalfe at Xerox PARC• Simple, cheap local area networking

Token bus - GM Token ring - IBM

1974 IBM consolidates its network protocols into Systems Network Architecture (SNA)

Eventually basis for OSI layered model, adopted by ISO in 1983

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Historical Highlights (cont)

1974 development of TCP/IP suite in ARPAnet allowed for internetworking with other networks and scalability

1982 mandated by DoD for internetworking

1976 CCITT standard for X.25 public packet switched networks

1970s ISDN standards

Allows high speed digital connectivity through telephone network

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Historical Highlights (cont)

1970s-1980s fiber optics

Optic fibers and laser diodes improve in cost and performance

Deployed extensively in telephone network and LANs

1970s-1980s research demonstrates viability of packet switching for voice and video

Led to 1988 ATM standard for broadband ISDN ATM gains popularity for private networks

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Historical Highlights (cont)

1983 ARPAnet split into research ARPAnet and military MILNET

1980s new NSFNET high-speed backbone

1986 FDDI standard for dual ring fiber optic LANs

1990 DQDB standard for IEEE 802.6 MAN

1992 Internet opened to commercial traffic

1993 Mosaic web browser (later Netscape)

1995 US Internet opened to commercial ISPs 1998 Google founded

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Standards

Standards are important because of cooperative nature of networking

Example of standards process: ATM cell size

International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

Agency of UN for international recommendations on radio, telephony, data

ITU-T, formerly CCITT, in charge of telephony, telegraphy, data, eg., X.25, ISDN, ATM

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Standards (cont)

International Standards Organization (ISO)

Voluntary group of national standards organizations, covering various topics

Divided into technical committees and working groups OSI reference model

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

US representative in ISO and ITU Led standards in frame relay, SONET

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Standards (cont)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Largest professional organization 802 standards for LANs and MANs

Internet Architecture Board (IAB), formerly Internet Activities Board

Oversees Internet Research Task Force (long term research) and Internet Engineering Task Force (near term engineering)

IETF (www.ietf,org) sets Internet “standards”

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Standards (cont)

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Spectrum allocation, tariffs on interstate traffic

Public utilities commissions

Post, telegraph and telephone (PTTs)

Vendor forums

ATM Forum, ADSL Forum, Frame Relay Forum

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Terminology

User = host, end system, subscriber, station, or application that communicates over a network or subnetwork

Link = physical medium for transmitting a bitstream between hosts and nodes

Nodes = switches, routers, multiplexers, concentrators, crossconnects, network elements

Network = links + nodes usually with same protocol suite

internet = interconnection of possibly heterogeneous networks

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Terminology (cont)

Network topology = physical layout

Bus, ring, star, tree, mesh

Packet switching

Store-and-forward method of relaying messages between switches, like postal mail

Packets = header + payload (data) Packet headers have well defined fields

header payload (data)

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Terminology (cont)

Protocols = set of rules for communication between user-user, user-network, and node-node

Define specific use of header/trailer fields Typically complex → reduce problem by layering

Layered protocols

Easier to understand, design, and change Network architecture = suite of protocol layers

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Terminology (cont)

Network design

Given costs and demand, optimize topology, resources, and protocols

Trade-off between costs and network performance → operations research

Provisioning

Forecast long-term traffic from past demand Deploy additional facilities where needed to meet

projected demand

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Terminology (cont)

Performance analysis

Apply modeling and analysis to understand behavior of traffic (eg., delays, loss) and protocols

Usually probabilistic (queueing theory) or simulation

Network management (operations, administration, maintenance)

Monitor, configure, and troubleshoot network to maintain proper operation of facilities

Generally high level, mostly manual, and not real-time • E.g., fault detection, isolation, recovery

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Terminology (cont)

Traffic control

Algorithms to control traffic to avoid or reduce network congestion• More real-time and automated than network management

At the same time, use network resources (buffers, bandwidth) efficiently by resource sharing• E.g., connection admission control, congestion notification

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IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA)

1974 IBM's proprietary protocol suite for communications between IBM mainframes and other machines

One of first examples of layered protocols, major influence on OSI model

Seven protocol layers:

Layer 7: Transaction services

Applications communicate with each other

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SNA (cont)

Layer 6: Presentation services

Ensures that data is delivered in appropriate format Compression/decompression

Layer 5: Data flow control

Recovers lost or errored data Handles how packet are acknowledged Handles temporary halt/restart of transmissions

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SNA (cont)

Layer 4: Transmission control

Establish, maintain and terminate sessions between nodes

Ensure that messages arrive at destinations correctly and sequentially

Encryption/decryption

Layer 3: Path control

Provides logical connections between hosts with specific addresses

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SNA (cont)

3 sublayers: (links make up channels, channels make up transmission groups)• Transmission group control: manage all links between two nodes

• Explicit route control: finds route between two nodes

• Virtual route control: manages logical connection between two nodes

2. Data link control

Responsible for reliable point-to-point transmission across physical medium

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SNA (cont)

SNA allows for various choices: synchronous data link control (SDLC), X.25 layer 2, logical link control (LLC)

1. Physical control

Physical signal and interfaces, e.g., electrical, optical, radio

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OSI Protocol Reference Model

1983 International Standards Organization (ISO) standards to promote interconnection of different computer networks with Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model

Based largely on SNA

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Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data link

Physical

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data link

Physical

Network

Data link

Physical

Network

Data link

Physical

Interface

Interface

Layer

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Application protocol

Presentation protocol

Session protocol

Transport protocol

Network

Host A Host BRouter 1 Router 2