ss220-us

7/24/2019 ss220-us

1/24

PANORAMA THE SOUMONT WALL,A WELL-INTEGRATED GIANTFOCUS JULIO MARTINEZ CALZN AND MIGOMEZ NAVARRO:

THE VERSATILITY OF STAY CABLESREALIZATIONS A CITY IN THE DESERTTRANSVERSE THE FREYSSINETSTAY CABLE ON TOUR IN ASIA

Secondsemeser2004

STAY CABLEThe Systemin Top Form

HE FREYSSINET GROUP MAGAZIN&StructuresSoils

7/24/2019 ss220-us

2/24

7/24/2019 ss220-us

3/24

PANORAMA

I N B R I E FUSA4,800 Controlled ModulusColumns. Between last Juneand August, DGI-Menard,the American subsidiary of Mnard Soltraitement, realized4,800 Controlled ModulusColumns (CMC) south of Burlington in the Stateof Vermont to strengthenthe soil on a plot for futureconstruction of a store.FRANCE800 m 2 of Carbon FiberFabrics. Freyssinet France hasbegun work in the AtlanticPyrenees regionto strengthen the stepsof the Bayonne amphitheaterconstructed at the beginning of the 20th century. A totalof 800 m 2 of Carbon FiberFabrics and 13 tons ofmetal beams will be installedby October 2004.SUDAN

t

t

t

t

Crossingthe Corinth GulfLast August 7th, the Rion-AntirionBridge in Greece was inauguratedwith the passage of the Olympic flamefor the 2004 games held in Athens.On this 2,252 m long bridge, builtby VINCI Construction Grands Projets,Freyssinet installed 368 stay cables(4,500 t of steel) equipped withearthquake protection systems.

BirthdayFreyssinet Polska, the Groups Polishsubsidiary, is five years old. Since itscreation in 1999, it has participated inthe construction of the country's mostprestigious sites : Gdansk Bridge, cable-stayed bridge over the Vistula in Plock,etc., and has seen the incrementallaunching of bridges in Czerniakowskiand Wroclaw. Currently, it is among the

most active specialized of civil engineer-ing companies in the country. Over thesepast five years, Krzysztof Berger, thegeneral director, has created a team of talented young engineers; These include Arkadiusz Frankw, geotechnical engi-neer, Andrzej Kandybowicz, works man-ager, Pawel Skrzypczak, financial direc-tor, Lucjan Talma, business manager,and, last but not least, Zofia Krawczyc who joined Freyssinet Polska in 1999.

IBM Opts for PrestressingDesigned by the renowned Swiss architect, Max Dudler,the new IBM headquarters under construction inZurich-Altstetten, is a 13-storey, 37,000 m 2 complex.Allreal AG is in charge of construction, in association withconsultants Hltschi & Schurter and Walther Mory Maier.For construction of the slabs, the project engineerschose to implement a compact and easy-to-installprestressing solution like those designed by Freyssinet.Through the fruitful collaboration between Feldmann BauAG (Bilten) and Freyssinet, construction was completedin just eleven months.

Sols & Structures moves onSols & Structures will from now on be published every six months. It will have supplementary pages and deal with new areas. Two articles are already being scheduledfor the next edition: earthquake resistance devices onthe Rion-Antirion bridge and an article on the Polishagency, Freyssinet Polska.

Flyby through HistoryMotorists in Ohio (USA) will soon be able to retracethe history of American aviation that took off in theirregion. A crossroads near Dayton has been renovated with 11,400 m 2 of Reinforced Earth covered witharchitectural panels presenting a 16-scene historyof the story of the Wright brothers and their first Flyer.

Prestressed Floorsfor the Mirdif f Mall

In February 2004, FreyssinetGulf LLC began the prestressing of 130,000 m 2 of floorsfor the new Mirdiff Mall inDubai. This is the largestprestressing contract thecompany has ever signed inthe United Arab Emirates. By March 2005, 1,000 t of strands will have been installedfor several floors composedof full slabs and transversebeams spanning 19 m.

Second semester 200 4 Soils & Structures 3

5,200 m 2 of Reinforced Earth.Reinforced Earths firstcontracts in Sudan involvedthe construction ofReinforced Earth approachramps to the Tuti Bridgeand the Al Gaba bridge,both situated in Khartoum.

The surface areas ofthe cladding is 900 m 2 for the

Tuti structure and 4,300 m 2for the Al Gaba structure.

The panels were precastby a local contractor witha pleasing bush-hammeredarchitectural pattern.SOUTH KOREALightning-Speed Construction.With the assistance of theVlizy Technical Department

(France), Freyssinet Korea(South Korea) constructed theDoomul cable-stayedfootbridge in the heart of Seoul last May in just eightdays. This unique structurepresents a 14 m wide centraldeck and is elevated 11 mfrom the ground by 12 staycables, the longest of which is20.2 m; Its tower standsat 18 m high.

7/24/2019 ss220-us

4/24

F O C U S

cables can create apowerful aesthetic ef when they form a groIsolated cables shoulbe reserved for light,spacious structuressuch as building rooffor example. Converson a bridge, a group i

crucial to the aesthetioutcome. Whetherthey are used for bridor for building roofs,stay cables and theirarchitecturalarrangement are a whim, a fashionstatement. Their futurcould be limited.During the 19th centu western societies welikewise infatuated w

arch bridges, whichlater almost disappearreplaced by lintels,only to resurfacerecently, like a fad.

So, cable-stayed briare a fad?Not exactly.Clearly, the techniquehas been overexploite without justificationin many locations, suas developed countriein response to clientdemand based onthe desire for fashionor prestige.Our society has gonethrough three phasesof stay cable structurdevelopment.During the first phas

JULIO MARTINEZ CALZN-MIGUEL GOMEZ NAVARRO

The Versatilityof St ay CablesJulio Martinez Calzn and Miguel GomezNavarro are both engineers in the SpanishEngineering Consultancy Company MC2 andparticipated in the design of the ValladolidScience Museum footbridge*. They look backupon the genesis of this ground-breaking

structure, and sketch their vision for the futureof stay cables.

cross elements, thefunctional part of thefootbridge, were given ahexagonal shape. Again, this reinforcedthe feeling of novelty and movement procured while crossing thestructure. For the

stabilizing cross cables, we contemplated using one single cableanchored to the lowerpart and wrappedaround each ring orpolygon of thefootbridge. However,direction changeproblems finally forcedus to use double cables.Freyssinet performedall the tests to validate

this design with theCohestrand. In summary,the structure could bedefined as the dialogueor correlation betweena very fine metal wiremesh and a woven netcomposed of only vertical and horizontalcables.

Does this bold designmake way for a newconception of cabledstructures? We showed a lot of creativity in the designof this structure, butdidnt forge a modelor type of design basedon new cablecombinations. We dobelieve, however, that

Soils & Structures.-You helped design theValladolid ScienceMuseum foot bridge.Would you classify it asa cable-stayed st ructure?Its a unique structurethats difficult tocategorize. It would

be better described as a

footbridge that isprestressed with externalcables and equipped with a cable-stayedcomponent. An estimateof the proportions would be 80%prestressing and 20%stay cables. To better

understand this fusion

Julio Martinez Calzn.

between externalprestressing and stay cables, lets take a look back at the originalproject which wasconceived by thearchitect Jos RafaelMoneo in collaboration with Enrique de Teresa,

the Science Museumarchitect. This wasoriginally based on theform of a fish basket,and to make this ideamore concrete, weproposed using cablesthat would add tothe total aesthetics of the footbridge whilealso stabilizing thepedestrian area. Thisproduced the desiredfeeling of spaciousness.In short, the structureevolved throughmodification of thepositioning of upper,lower and lateral cablesto yield the desiredeffect. In addition, the

7/24/2019 ss220-us

5/24

FOCU

structures that werelarge, interesting andinnovative were built,but these have not aged well. The second phase was characterized bya less-selective use of

the technique; This gaverise to the constructionof very interesting structures, but alsoof ones that are morequestionable. Lastly,the third and currentphase benefits fromhigh-quality stay cablesand auxiliary elements,thus permitting thecreation of durable,easy-to-maintain

structures. The resulthas been real progressin the areas of watertightness, anti-UV protection, vibrationcontrol, and the highdurability of individually-protectedstrands, etc. Stay cablesare no longer usedexclusively for structuralor aesthetic reasons, butnow, thanks to these

steps forward, can serveas very interesting functional andarchitectural objectives.Their use can becometruly active and effective.

Is t he design of a cable-stayed structure like thatof any other struct ure?The use of stay cablesrequires the design of structures that could bequalified as aerial;

These pass overfunctional zones at greatheights, and arenecessary when the goalis to completely freeup the lower space of asite. In addition, itsimportant to rememberthat, besides providing support, stay cablesare great aids during construction.Structurally speaking,

when used on largeconstructions, they offergreat freedom of designand installation. Suchcharacteristics are theresult of developmentsin digital analysis andcomputers.If modern architectureis to be regarded ascomplex, its becausethese tools are available,are used in an increasing

number of applications,offer more possibilitiesand new solutions.In the framework of thisincreasingly active useof stay cable elements in

architecture, we believethat parallel strandcables have more designpotential and a larger

range of applicationsthan locked-coil strands, which are more limitedto suspended structuresand industrial uses.Locked-coil strandsare less ductile undercurrent civil engineering recommendations.

What do you believethe fut ure holds forcable-stayed st ructures?Though current stay cable technology issatisfactory, we foreseecontinuing progress inthe quality of materialsand elements making upsteel stay cables. We are,however, more skepticalabout the developmentof composite materials

in the short term,except in very particularcases such as thatof the Collserola

TelecommunicationsTower. Here, steel stay cables were used forthe lower section andcomposite Kevlar cables were used for the uppersection to stabilizethe mast (because metalpieces would havegenerated inductioncurrents and, thus,could not be installed).Because of their costand conditions of usedemand for thesematerials will notbecome widespreadrapidly, and their use will remain limited tospecific applications.For the design of bridges, we couldperhaps use mixed

solutions in the futureto surpass the currentlimits. In our opinion,however, the current

traditional criteria, with a few minorimprovements, willcontinue to decisively dominate the marketfor years to come. n* Also see page 18.

Miguel Gomez Navarro.

The CollserolaTelecommunicationsTower in Spain combinesthe use of steel staycables (supplied andinstalled by Freyssinet)in the lower section withKevlar cables in the uppersection to avoid disruption

of radio broadcasting.

The cables of the ValladolidScience Museum footbridgeserve both as stay cablesand prestressing elements.

Second semester 200 4 Soils & Structures

7/24/2019 ss220-us

6/24

R E P O R T S TAY C A B L E S

Freyssinet was apioneer of thestay cable

technique andhas been working

for the past 30years towards

perfecting it fordesigners and

project owners.The Freyssinetsystem, based on

state-of-the-arttechnology, hasfound its latest

expression in theMillau Viaduct.

The System in Top For

B Y WAY OF AN INTRODUCTIONTO THE PRESENTATIONS he

gave in Asia last spring, (as part of the two conferences on stay cablesorganized by the Group - see page22), Bruno Dupety, the CEO of Freyssinet, again highlighted therisk brought to his attention at thebeginning of 2004 by Michel Vir-logeux, consulting engineer: thatthis technology would becomebanal and that we would forget thegreat strides it has made over thelast 10 years. Bruno Dupety sharedthis view with Jrme Stubler,Freyssinet Deputy General Man-ager and Structure Division Direc-tor, and thus quickly decided to givetop experts in the field a forum in which to share their experiencebefore audiences in the region of the world that currently has thelargest number of bridges are under

construction: the Far East. The tim-ing was perfect: this year Freyssinetmarks the 30th anniversary of theBrotonne Bridge, the first cable-stayed bridge built in France (1974)and the tenth anniversary of theNormandy Bridge. The FreyssinetManagement team was also ableto boast current accomplishmentssuch as the Group's participationin several important sites (includ-ing the Cooper River Bridge in theUSA and Centennial Bridge inPanama see page 16), two of whichhave attracted worldwide attention which is not confined to specialists:the Rion-Antirion Bridge in Greeceand, most recently, the Millau Viaduct in France.

On the 27th of August 2004, at pre-cisely 12:04 pm, the final stay cable was placed on the Millau Viaduct,and, as he later admitted, Jean-LucBringer, the Freyssinet site man-ager, breathed a sigh of relief.Freyssinet held to the very short 12- week delay that was defined for theinstallation and tensioning of 154stay cables, and thereby upheld itspledge not to disrupt the construc-tion schedule for this importantproject, undertaken by the Eiffage

group; The bridge will inaugurated on the 17thber. The main componassignment has beenplished, yet a part of thremain on site until miber in order to completcrucial steps: cable tensment, damper placemetions, etc. Freyssinet womely hard to respect thand achieved an exceptof organization within a

Millau: A technicaland human success

6 Soils & Structures Second Semester 200 4

7/24/2019 ss220-us

7/24

DOSSIER

A Quick Look at the ViaductThe Millau Viaduct, that stretches across the Tarn valley, is 2,460 mlong and is held by 7 pylons that are 340 m high. Its deck rises270 m above the ground and the main spans are 342 m long.Designed to support a 4-lane motorway, the deck is composed ofa 32 m-wide trapezoidal orthotropic box girder, made of steel;a central line of 22 stay cables per pylon holds the deck. Thestructure was completed as part of a concession contract; Theconstruction contract was awarded to the Compagnie Eiffage duViaduc de Millau (CEVM), that will operate it for 75 years, thebuilding process was split between Eiffage TP (civil engineering)and Eiffel (metal deck), which respectively subcontracted toFreyssinet for nailing of the deck to the piers and supply, andinstallation of the stay cables (1,500 tons).

URING LAUNCHING OF THE DECK, 24 stay cables installedn pylons P2 and P3 were used as launching cables.emporary saddles placed on the deck and pylons helped

o limit angular deformations in the anchoring points.

totaled nearly 100 people at theheight of activities (much largerthan normal team sizes). Suchefforts are reminiscent of the levelof involvement shown during theproject to repair an arch of the tun-nel under the English Channel in1996, a project that is still vividly remembered in the company.Immediately following signatureof the contract in January 2002,Manuel Peltier, Freyssinet projectmanager, and Jean-Luc Bringer,employed in the Freyssinet FranceTechnical Department in Gmenos(Bouches-du-Rhne) at the time(and long interested in a project

that he had been following or 12 years), got down to thedefining the profiles necessathe site; These profiles weremunicated throughout the G Almost 30 months later, the t work in Millau during the suof 2004 was a melting pot of collaborators with accents various provinces, several tecians from Portuguese and Bsubsidiaries, and actors from Projects who had just descefrom the pylons of the R Antirion. Comprised mainly unteers, who were proud delighted to participate inprestigious site, and whose avage, according to Jean-Luc B was between 25 and 30 yeateam, quickly got down to with very good morale, noaided by the favorable sumconditions.The stay cables, first installpylons P3 and P2, were uslaunching masts, and the retasks were completed: tempnailing of the deck, temporarstressing of the crossbeamstruts. The company was ofrom the start date in June 200 t

Owner :Compagnie Eiffage du viaducde Millau.Engineer : SETEC.Architect : Lord Norman Foster.Designer : Michel Virlogeux.Project : Thals, Arcadis ESG,Serf.Execution methods : GreischIngnierie, Arcadis ESG, Thals,Eiffage TP.Main contractors : Eiffage TP,Eiffel.Specialized contractor :Freyssinet.

t

t

t

t

t

t

t

t

PARTICIPANTS


7/24/2019 ss220-us

8/24


Its capacity to be dstrand by strand allowinspection in case of dareplacement of the defecand not the entire stayaddition, because the system is assembled onot delivered ready to inbe easily set to the finaladjusted. On the contrmonolithic design, precables cannot be dismathus require cumbersomtion means compared tostay cables which arestrand by strand. Thethe only advantages could offer as incentiveanteed life span of its

proposed a project with a concretedeck, but the Groups metal deck solution was chosen in the end.Use of a metal deck led to muchsmaller total stay cable weight thanthat required by the concrete solu-tion, he explains. And the choiceof Eiffel put Freyssinet in competi-tion with the offers of pre-fabricatedcable suppliers, solutions that are,in principle, in line with the philos-ophy of Eiffel whose frames pre-fab-ricated in Lorraine and Fos-sur-Merare delivered ready for assembly onthe site.Consequently, it was our job todemonstrate the numerous advan-tages of the Freyssinet stay cablesystem, continued Manuel Peltier.


to complete these operations.The team was in full force followingclosure of the deck, as if on thestarting line for a 2,460 m sprint arace in which it needed to paceitself to the progress of the Eiffelteam responsible for erecting the

five remaining pylons while mak-ing sure not to slow down the waterproofing work behind it.Simultaneously, a part of the teamdefinitively nailed the deck to thepiers. Instructions were to neverinterrupt production whateverhappened. This objective was metthrough the on-site presence of astructural engineer and regularcommunication with the BelgianEngineering Consultancy Com-pany BEG as well as the dedicated

efforts of Jean-Luc Bringer to coor-dinate the teams operations withEiffel. Actually, says Jean-Luc,only storms in August thatrequired us to evacuate the deck sometimes several times per day made us fear that we wouldnt beable to keep the deadline. Thedata initially planned for delivery was the 9th of September and,thus, the Freyssinet teams satisfac-tion today, the 27th of August, is well-merited

A Personalized Solution

The contract for the supply andinstallation of stay cables for theMillau Viaduct, the main contractawarded to the company as part of the project, forced Freyssinet todemonstrate the advantages of itssystem compared with the competi-tions pre-fabricated solutions. Thischallenged to the fears of expertsthat the market would be con-quered by solutions made com-monplace in other words, that stay cables would sooner or later be con-sidered as a low-tech product andnot as a solution that offers a well-developed and high-performancetechnology.Manuel Peltier, project manager,recalls that both Freyssinet andEiffage responded to the first call forbids in the summer of 2000. Eiffage

t t

Jean-Luc Bringer, Freyssinetsite manager, grew up inthe Millau region, and had beenfollowing this project forthe past 11 or 12 years.

7/24/2019 ss220-us

9/24

DOSSIER


BROUGHT TOGETHERFROM THE REGIONSof Freyssinet France, butalso from the Rion-Antirionsite in Greece and fromall subsidiaries (mainlyfrom Portugal and UnitedKingdom), the Freyssinetteams totaled almost

100 collaborators in thefinal phases of stay cableinstallation. Freyssinet alsocontributed, thoughwith fewer numbers, tothe deck launching phaseby performing tensioningand release of thelaunching cables.On top of each pier a smallteam successivelyperformed the operationsto un-nail and thenre-nail the deck.

exceeds the 75 years of the conces-sion contract, and its system isqualified in application of the CIPrecommendations for stay cablesand the watertightness test of itspatented cable guided/stuffing box device that protects the anchoringblocks from corrosion.This project was always viewed asan enormous challenge and weneeded to provide convincing evi-dence of the companys capability to complete work within defineddeadlines. Freyssinets great body of experience obtained over thepast 10 years in the construction of several bridges of the same size wasprobably the deciding factor forEiffel, concludes Manuel Peltier. n

ON SITETools t o Suppor t t he Met hodsFrom June 2003 to April 2004 deck launching, performed during "breaks in the weather that lasted onaverage four days, required double the effort from the Freyssinet teams. On the piers and temporarybents, installed to divide each 342 m span into 171 m sub-spans, this phase involved un-nailing of thedeck following by re-nailing after launching.On pylons P2 and P3 24 stay cables were used as launching cables to support the cantilevered deckand, under the effect of deck deformations, were successively tensioned when the deck reached thebents and piers and were then loosened. To limit and control angular deformation at the anchoringpoints they were installed on pylons and the deck was placed on special deviation saddles. Thesedevices, explains Jean-Luc Bringer, guarantee that the cable strands will not be subjected to combinedstress due to tension and bending greater than 60% of the guaranteed breaking point and that theanchoring and anti-corrosion systems will not be damaged during launching.

7/24/2019 ss220-us

10/24

special stay cablewedges (patented)

variable strandoverlenght

cap

steel anchorage tube

anchorage block surface corrosionprotected - externally threaded on

adjustable anchorage

soft corrosion protection materialoptimising fatigue resistance stuffing box / strand guide

assembly (patented)

4

Tested at pressures greaterhan 10 bars, theatertightness of the stuffingox (1) / strand guideeveloped by Freyssinetrotects the cables fromorrosion at the anchoringoints.To control vibration,reyssinet has access to aomplete range of internal3,4,5) and external dampers.A "needle" system

aiguilles), or interconnectionables (6), placed on eachde of the stay cablesorrects their parametricnstability.In accordance with the most

ecent CIP recommendations,55-strand cable identical

o the model used in Millauas subjected to a fatiguest in the Central Laboratoryf Bridges and Roads inantes (France) (2) to qualify

he Freyssinet system.The patented Freyssinetotension system (7) makespossible to strictly apply

he same tension to allrands in a stay cable.


The Freyssinet HD stay cable, thatcan be composed of between 1 and169 strands, is based on the prin-ciple that each of its componentsare completely independent at alllevels: anchoring, corrosion pro-tection, installation, tensioningand replacement.

bility and optimum anti-corrosionprotection. The seven wires of thestrand are galvanized and isolatedfrom each other with petroleum wax. Since the mid-1990s the fillingof the wax and extrusion of thesheath covering the wires have beenperformed in thermodynamic con-

ditions that result in seence; thus guaranteeinstrands withstand extremconditions. Freyssinet anchors and high resistblocks, in which the sindividually anchored are, mechanically speakcharacterized by limited residual resistance to breis caused due to fatigueBenot Lecinq, Freyssindirector. The companythe system to intense fa

The common part of Freyssinet stay cables consists of a parallel bundleof semi-adherent T15.7 strands(called monostrands) threaded intoa collective HDPE (high density polyethylene) sheath. The mono-strands were developed andpatented to ensure excellent dura-

A computer model to design the dampers.

3

The Advantages ofa State-of-the-Art System

IED (Internal ElastomericDamper).

IHD (Internal Hydraulic Damper). IRD (Internal Radial Damper).


7/24/2019 ss220-us

11/24

DOSSIER

by axial tension, in conjun with cross fatigue, followbreaking tests by tension.

A computer modelto define damper size

The results from independent

ratories either meet or exceeprincipal acceptance criteria oCIP (French Interministerial mission on Prestressing).Moreover, anchor durabiliclosely correlated with its wtightness and corrosion proteThe watertightness of the stuffing box used with the sinet system withstood presgreater than 10 bars in testsFreyssinet stay cable anchorpassed the watertightness

recommended by the CIP. anchor-cable system was enin a 3 m tube filled with watsimulate real environmental ctions, the cable was subjecteseven weeks, to repeated cyctension and bending at waterperatures varying between 2070C. Upon dissection at the the assay, no water infiltratioobserved. Over the past fewcable vibration engineeringbecome one of the specialtiFreyssinet. The company doped a computer model to clate absorption requirementsdevelop the most appropdampers. A precise diagnostay cable stability is presenteach project and a complete of anti-vibration devices is oIn addition to external spisheaths, Freyssinet can offer arange of internal and extdampers. The internal dampeinstalled in the anchors, andexternal dampers are placed auxiliary support. To absorb metric instability of the cabneedle system was develThis system is composed of connection cables that are unken and that are placed on eside of the lateral plane ofcables. They were notably usthe Normandy Bridge.

2

6 7

HISTORY30 Years of Long-Distance DevelopmentThe stay cable technology composed of prestressing strands was first used on the Brotonne Bridge inFrance in 1977 and the Rande Bridge in Spain in 1978. At that time stay cables were a parallel bundleof strands inserted in a metal (Brotonne) or polyethylene (Rande) sheath, injected with the cementgrout. The technology evolved during the 1980s with the creation of individual protection of the rein-

forcements, and improvement of anchor performance under fatigue using cleats. In 1988 while severalcable-stayed structures were being built in the USA, using a technology similar to that used for the Bro-tonne Bridge, the Wandre Bridge in Belgium was constructed using, for the first time, stay cables withindividually protected strands. Then a new trend appeared: injection of stay cables into wax (secondbridge over the Severn in Great Britain in 1996). During the 1990s individual parallel strand protectionbecame more diverse. To reduce the drag coefficient on the Normandy Bridge stay cables the individu-ally protected strands were enclosed in an envelope composed of two half shells profiled into the shapeof a double helix. Today, this envelope has been replaced by a continuous sheath that is aerodynamicand asthetically pleasing whilst also providing ultraviolet ray protection.

Second Semester 200 4 Soils & Structures 1

7/24/2019 ss220-us

12/24

R E A L I Z A T I O N S

LOCATED ON THE EDGE OF THE VILLAGE OF ALQUOA, one anda half hours by car from the city of Al-Ain and near to the border withOman, a real estate project plansfor the construction of a divisionof 550 villas among the desertdunes. This endeavor launchedby the city of Al-Ain will houseBedouins currently becoming in-creasingly settled. A 3.5 million square meter platformon which the buildings will be con-structed was created in the sand.The summits of the dunes were flat-tened and the depressions, theequivalent of a surface area of 1 mil-lion square meters, were filled in.The sandy desert soil was formedin successive layers without com-paction, explains tienne Dhiver,the project engineer. In this loosestate, the ground was at risk of set-tling under its own weight or that of the villas. To avoid such settlementthat would damage the new build-ings, Mnard Soltraitement steppedin. The company had two solutionsat its disposal to guarantee a maxi-mum of 2.5 cm of foundation settle-ment and provide the necessary ground bearing capacity: vibroflota-tion (or vibrocompaction) anddynamic compaction. The first

technique required quantities of water that exceeded possible supply in the middle of the desert and thusthe second was the only logicalsolution, specifies Dominique Jul-lienne, Manager of the Middle EastMnard Soltraitement subsidiary.

35 tons in Free Fall

For the large backfill operations upto depths of 25 m, the company relied on seven cranes capable of delivering nearly 900tons/meter onimpact (equivalent of a 35 t massesreleased from a height of 25 m) andapplied the new MARS process(Menard Automatic Release Sys-tem) that allows the free fall of35 t masses without energy loss dueto braking or friction. This auto-matic release system, developed forthis site, optimizes the energy of ground compaction by increasingits deep impact and represents atechnological advancement in thefield of granular soil compaction,tells us tienne Dhiver. This tech-nique also made it possible to com-plete treatment in merely ninemonths instead of the elevenmonths provided for in the con-tract. Michel Piquet, project man-ager, concludes, We were able tofinish the project at the end of June

In Abu Dhabi (United ArabEmirates), in the middleof the desert, Mnard

Soltraitement treated a 3.5 millionsquare meter platform by dynamiccompaction in preparation forthe future construction of 550 villas.

SOILS/ALQUOA PLOT

A City

in the Desert

Owner: city of Al-Ain.Main Contractor:Hyder Consulting.Contractors:Al Ghafly, Nael and NTCC.Specialized Contractor:Mnard Soltraitement.

t

t

t

t

PARTICIPANTS

and thereby avoided the extremeheat of the months of July and August when temperatures riseabove 50C. n


7/24/2019 ss220-us

13/24

REALIZATION

THE MARS PROCESS (MENARD AUTOMATIC RELEASE SYSTEM) optimizes the energy from ground compaction byeliminating energy loss from braking or friction.


7/24/2019 ss220-us

14/24

The delicate phase ofconstruction of the largestAustralian airport hangar,

jacking of a 3,000 t truss toa height of 25 m, was assignedto Austress Freyssinet.


THE BRISBANE AIRPORT MAIN-TENANCE HANGAR is the lar-gest facility of its type in Australiaand it has marked a major coup forthe Queensland State Governmentin cooperation with the principalcontractor Multiplex Constructions.This state of the art building willfeature a 160 m wide steel truss weighing 3,000 t supported by eight40 m high concrete columns. Theimpressive proportions of thehangar will allow it to simultane-ously accommodate three B767 air-craft or one massive Airbus A380-100 wide-bodied aircraft.The construction procedure wassimple, erect the concrete columns,fabricate the truss on a 3 m hightemporary support, then lift thetruss to its final position on the

columns and mechanically lock itinto place. Austress Freyssinet wasresponsible for the heavy lift. Toperform the operation, we attachedspecialist lifting jacks to steel plat-forms that were temporarily fittedto the top of the concrete columnsexplains Tony Mitchell, the projectmanager. The two front columnseach had 2 No x 400 t jacks and thesix back columns were each fitted with 2 No x 150 t jacks. The jacks were hydraulically linked to a cen-tral control system where they could be operated individually orin any combination. In addition,video surveillance cameras com-bined with a laser survey systemallowed for monitoring jack loadsand the truss height from the cen-tral control.

Owner: Governmentof the State of QueenslaMain Contractor: MultipConstructions.Specialized Contractor:Austress Freyssinet.

t

t

t

PARTICIPANTS

Curve and CamberThe lift was completed in threestages. Pre-jacking the truss bythe initial 5 m was the most diffi-cult part of the operation due tothe pre-camber of 1.5 m in thefront section that would straightenunder load. advised Tony Mitchell.Months of planning was requiredto develop an incremental jackingsequence which would allow theload to transfer to the truss fromtemporary supports without over-stressing structural elements.Deformation of the camber in thefrontal truss under various loadsand the method required to main-tain the structure horizontal by compensating for the reduction incurvature was carefully studied.More classical in nature, the second

Lif t of a

Heavy Weight

phase hoisted the truss 2ground to its final positimanent steel connectiassembled and the loadtransferred from the jastructure. Six Austress bers completed the lifttion in three days and t was handed over on tJune 2004.

STRUCTURES/BRISBANE AIRPORTHEAVY MAINTENANCE HANGAR

All the lifting jacks wereconnected to a centralcontrol system andcouldbe operated individuallyor in combination.


7/24/2019 ss220-us

15/24

REALIZATION

SOILS/A51 MOTORWAY

A Mountain RecordTerre

ArmeSNC wona contract forthe installationof 30,000 m 2of ReinforcedEarth walls on theGrenoble-Sisteronmotorway (France).

This recordcontract forced thecompany to adjustits productionmethods.

THE MOTORWAY PROJECTOWNER, AREA, received thegreen light on July 2001 and work began on the Coynelle-Fau Passsection of the A51 motorway to thesouth of Grenoble. This new 10.5 km-long section will, by mid-2006 become an extension of the16 km section already open to traf-fic between Claix and Coynellesince 2000. The road is situated ina mountainous region with steepslopes that required the use of splitcarriageways.Reinforced Earth is particularly well-adapted to this type of config-uration where rocky terrain alter-nates with loose soil, explains EricLucas, technical director of Terre Arme SNC. In total, 10,000 m2 of nailed walls and 30,000 m2 of Rein-forced Earth structures will guaran-tee stability of the slopes and sup-port of the roadways. Five walls arecurrently under construction. Themaximum height of one single rise

Owner: Area (Rhone-AlpsMotorways).Main Contractor: Scetauroute.Engineer : Guintoli-GTS-Bianco-Eurovia-MTS-CampenonBernard Rgions joint-venture.Specialized Contractor:Terre Arme SNC.

t

t

t

t

PARTICIPANTS

is 18 m but, with superposing sec-tions, the total height reaches 22 min some locations. Their construc-tion was assigned to the Guintoli-GTS-Bianco-Eurovia-MTS-Cam-penon Bernard Rgions joint ven-

ture, that successfully bid for the work, which includes earthworks,structures and restoration of traffic.This was a complex project forTerre Arme requiring a mixture of technical and architectural tech-niques, explains Pierre Sery, direc-tor of Terre Arme SNC.

Inspiration from the Cliffs

SoilTech, the technical departmentof the Reinforced Earth Company,performed a study to verify thebehavior of the EPDM padsbetween the cladding panels. Con-cerning the aesthetic aspects, theJourda agency designed a surfacedecorated with a motif reminiscent

of the rocky cliff surroundinthe scales were then prefabriin a partner factory of Terre ASNC using underwater cemeguarantee concrete qualityresistance to freezing and desalts. Construction of the reta walls began last May andcontinue until August 2005. three teams at work, the rate ostruction averages 170 m2 of faarea per day and reaches u200 m2, states a proud Pierre This rate of installation led Arme SNC to acquire 67 60 of which are equipped witcific mats to reproduce the atectural pattern.

In addition to retainingwalls, Terre ArmeSNC was responsiblefor the studies and forthe supply of materialsfor the constructionof load bearingabutments for the upperpassage of the Sinard,constructed byCampenon BernardRgions. Ease ofconstruction alsocontributed to theadoption of theReinforced Earthsolution.


7/24/2019 ss220-us

16/24


STRUCTURES/CENTENNIAL BRIDGE

Bridging The Two Americas

Ninety years after the openingof the canal, Panama recently

inaugurated a new structure overthe famous pass. Several entities inthe Group participated in the project.

FIFTEEN KM NORTH OF THEBRIDGE OF THE AMERICASconstructed 40 years ago, the Cen-tennial Bridge (the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Panamas was held at the end of 2003) willhold the new east-west motorway built to reduce traffic on the oldstructure by 50%. This structure,built over the Culera valley, meas-ures a total of 1,052 m and rises to80m above the canal. With theseproportions, the Titan floatingcrane can be passed underneathfor lock maintenance and the canalcan be later widened to 275 m.The main bridge is comprised of two 200 m end spans and a 420 mcentral span. Access is gainedthrough four spans varying from46 to 66 m in length. Composed of

regular 34 m-wide and 4.5 m-highconcrete box structures, the deck of the main bridge was prestressedcrosswise and lengthwise with steelcables (800 t) and is supported by 128 stay cables (1,400 t) anchoredevery 6 m and protected with whiteexternal HDPE (high density poly-ethylene) ducts. All these compo-nents were supplied and installedby Freyssinet. During constructionof the bridge, the main challengeset before the main contractor, Bil-finger Berger, was the time con-straint. To allow opening of thestructure on the 15th of August2004, the anniversary of inaugura-tion of the canal by passage of the American ship Ancon on the 15thof August 1914, work was limited to29 months. In addition, the con-

tractor was required to work so as to never intein the canal. Particularduring the sensitive phcable installation, this was a factor in the chconstruction methods access spans were castscaffolding while the m was built by cantilever. formwork travellers weinstall both the segmenand the members. Bilfiassigned us the formidalifting the steel mobiletravellers, explains Joese, Freyssinet works msite. Once they wereassembled at the base of

Owner: Ministerio de obraspblicas, Panama.Preliminary Design: T.Y. Lin.Detailed Design, Consulting Engineers and TemporaryWork: Leonhardt,ndra und Partner.Main Contractor: BilfingerBerger.Specialized Contractor:Freyssinet International & Cie,Austress Freyssinet,Freyssinet Iberian-AmericanDivision.

t

t

t

t

t

INTERVENANTS

Located in an earthquake-ris

region, the Centennial Bridcan withstand groaccelerations of up to 0.33


7/24/2019 ss220-us

17/24

REALIZATION

bridge, and the use of temporary Bailey bridges to allow traffic topass through the site during the work. The design featured exten-sive use of Reinforced Earth retain-ing walls, both temporary withTerratrel wire mesh facing, andpermanent, with precast concreteTerraClass facing panels.

Solutions ona case-by-case basis

Though at first glance a conven-tional project, it held many sur-prises for the engineers of Rein-forced Earth Ltd, requiring all theiringenuity. The absence of an accu-rate map of the underground net- works meant that we had to adaptour solutions on a case-by-casebasis, explains Don Asbey-Palmer,engineering manager of Reinforced

Earth Ltd. The building of theern abutment was complicatethe discovery that a 300 mm dter high-pressure gas mainlocated in the middle of the ture, instead of to one side. Apipe walls were not thick enocarry the extra height of thebridge, the structure was redesto use lightweight pumice fistaging of the bridge constru was achieved with the use oseven metre high TerraTrel terary walls, with welded wirefacing panelsIn total, some 1,552 square mof permanent retaining wallsprecast concrete TerraClass fpanels, as well as 280 square of temporary TerraTrel walls work began in January 2003 acompleted in July 2004.

FIRST BUILT 150 YEARS ago formilitary needs, the Great SouthRoad remains one of the importantnorth-south roads in Auckland. Inthe South Auckland industrial area itintersects with Sylvia Park Road,running east to west, before crossingthe North Island Main Truck Railway by means of a steep, narrow bridge.The combination of the intersec-tion and adjacent bridge had cre-ated a traffic bottleneck whichhad grown steadily worse as trafficdensity increased 37,000 vehiclesare converging on the intersectiondaily. The current project consistedof widening the roads to add new lanes and building a new, widerbridge to current standardsThe Contractor won the Project with an alternative design, involv-ing staged construction of the

these two tools, each weighing390 t, were installed using two180 t-capacity cable jacks in addi-tion to two 50 t jacks. Lifting wasperformed between Septemberand October 2003. The operation was divided into two phases: the

first portion of the mobile formwork travellers was lifted 70 m andput into final place using tempo-rary hangars. Then, the second part was hoisted up and attached to thefirst to form one unit. The installa-tion of each mobile formwork trav-ellers and subsequent safety con-trols took 10 hours.Raja Asmar, Freyssinet project dir-ector: With two teams working intwo shifts seven days a week, goodcoordination between the various

collaborators on the site made itpossible to achieve four-day manu-facturing cycles per segment andper mobile formwork travellers.Once the bank spans and closure of the central span were completed,the mobile formwork travellers were brought down in June andJuly 2004. Because traffic could notbe interrupted, the mobile formwork travellers could not be low-ered in the middle of the canal.Using launching techniques, theFreyssinet teams brought themobile traveling forms down thetowers. They were then removedusing four 180 t-capacity jacksattached to the deck with thestrands passed through openings.Each removal took 8 hours. n

SOILS/UPGRADED INTERSECTION IN AUCKLAND

Custom passageThe redevelopment of an important intersectionin the City of Auckland, in which the NewZealand subsidiary, Reinforced Earth Ltd,

participated, required all the ingenuity of its engineers.


7/24/2019 ss220-us

18/24


OPENED LAST JULY 28TH, a foot-bridge designed with a fish bas-ket in mind crosses the Pisuergariver and connects the city center with the Valladolid ScienceMuseum. The 234 m structure isnotably composed of a hexagonalprism inside which the pedestrians walk. After construction of the piersand cast in situ construction of a white concrete span, the elements were installed using a crane. Thecentral span was put in place usinga barge.This section, the longest in the

structure, involved loand hexagonal prestressfied Patrick Ladret, techtor of Freyssinet SA in of the 15 sections was with a peripheral cable over the six crests of thThis original design ledto develop, under the sof the Engineering CCompany MC2, a deviafor inconspicuous passcable and effective transtress. Based on full-scaformed at PPC, the Grou

TRUCTURES/VALLADOLID FOOTBRIDGE

Technological Manif estoat the Science Museum

Conceived by the architectsJos Rafael Moneo andEnrique de Teresa, this

contemporary/unique design for theValladolid Science Museums (Spain)new footbridge illustrates thecreative possibilities available usingwith prestressing and stay cables.


7/24/2019 ss220-us

19/24

REALIZATION

From design to methods,Freyssinet took responsibilityfor complete engineering of

a device for a complex jackingoperation.

THE THAI STATE is sparing noeffort in welcoming foreign visi-tors and has begun work on a new International Airport outside Bang-kok due to open in September2005. Built using modern architec-ture, its seven story terminal(182,000 square meters) is locatedaround thirty kilometers to the eastof the capital and in the long-termshould have a capacity of 100 mil-lion passengers a year. Work began in 2002 with the con-

struction and the erection of themonumental metal truss coveringthe main terminal building. By mid-2004 the work was progressing withthe assembly of a second metalstructure, intended this time for theconcourse. Lifting operation doneby mobile crane has to be discard-ed because of limited space. Freyssi-net Thailand was awarded by ItalianThai Development Co. Ltd, themain contractor, the constructionmethod and detailed design of the

STRUCTURES/NEW BANGKOK AIRPORT

A mult ipurpose gantry crane

PARTICIPANTSOwner: Aguas del Duero.Architects: Jos Rafael Moneo,Enrique de Teresa.Consulting Engineers:MC2 Ingeniera.Main Contractor: Pisuergaalliance (Puentes yCalzadas and Joca Ingenieria).Specialized Contractor:Freyssinet SA.

t

t

t

t

t

In addition to its mechanicalfunction, the external

prestressing cable grid lookslike the fish baskets which

inspired the architect's design.

to measure the resistance of thestrands to deviation, and, in theFreyssinet SA facilities in Zamudionear Vizcaya to verify their slidingonto the saddles, the solution pro-posed to MC2, and finally chosenassociates anchoring to the top

and bottom crests of the hexagon,the major angular deviation points,and of the deviation saddles to theintermediary extremities, explains Alberto GonzLez Bueno, study andbusiness engineer for Freyssinet.

The patented Freyssinet Cohestrandcable system was chosen for itsmechanical performance andanchoring was provided with Sys-tem C blocks. Longitudinally, six external prestressing cables werearranged along the hexagon crests.

Forming a 110 m parabola betweenthe two piers, these cables wereslightly deviated at the anchoragepoints and hexagonal prestressingdeviation saddles. Patrick Ladretexplains: We had to find the bestsolution to fit the architecturaldesign to offer prestressing withstrands that could be individually disassembled if necessary. Thelarge number of direction changes(90) excluded the use of saddlesseparating the strands individually

for financial and technical reasons.Thus, external prestressing inject-ed into the cement grout with 4C15and 7C15 anchors was used. Asintegral parts of the structure, the

ducts and strands were placethe footbridge before the tration operations. Like a catspecifies Alberto Gonzlez B

we used a temporary straninstall the ducts and individthread the strands before injeall the cement grout. Also see page 4.

gantry and its support rail system. All the lifting work were carried outby the main contractor. We sup-plied the studies and method state-ment, as well as the detailed draw-ings and calculation sheet for thelifting system, indicates Likhasit

Kittisatra, of Freyssinet ThaThe real specialty of the systhat the gantry is not only caplifting and moving a segmentstructure but of rotating moless within 30 degrees in plafrom center axis.


7/24/2019 ss220-us

20/24


SOILS/BOURGOIN-JALLIEU PLATFORM

A Safe, Simple andEconomical Solut ion

In Isre (France), the benefitsof an innovative solutionproposed by Mnard

in joint-venture led the pack.

HOW CAN LOOSE SOIL BEIMPROVED to enable it to sup-port both the dead and operatingloads of a building? In order to

allow the introduction of a do-it- yourself superstore in the Mal-adire industrial zone in Bourgoin-Jallieu (Isre, France), this question was placed before the geotechni-cians of the Experimental Centerfor Building and Public WorksResearch and Studies (CEBTP). Theinitial analyses, revealed that thefoundation of the 30,000 m2 sitecomprised a highly compressible,8 m deep clay-peat layer on top of alayer of sand and compact gravel.To prepare the terrain, a distribu-tion mattress (primary backfill) was placed in in two zones. Thefirst, designed to support the futureslab, was made up of two 30 cm lay-ers of inert compacted material fol-

lowed by 47 cm layer of compactedgravel laid on an ordinary geotex-tile. Over the remainder of the ter-rain, this distribution mattress was

1.20 m thick made up of a single60 cm layer of inert compactedmaterial and a 60cm layer of gravellaid on a geotextile.

Simplified Design

The specifications for soil consoli-dation required the installation of hard inclusions covered with a 1mthick layer of form and a reinforcedconcrete slab. Christian Ernst of Mnard Soltraitement: "Workingtogether, Mnard Soltraitementand Keller-Fondations Spcialesproposed a solution based on theuse of columns formed of hardinclusions in the clay-peat layerand topped, through the upper 2 mof backfill, with dry stone columns.

This method simplified the designof the structure itself compared tothe original solution and made itpossible to avoid "construction of large reinforced concrete slabs that would have been necessary toabsorb the negative forces causedby the hard points (inclusions).In addition, these inclusions wereat great risk of being sheared by the earthworks equipment duringthe backfill operations. Anotherclear advantage of the bi-modulus

PARTICIPANTSOwner: Castorama.Architect: Paul Barbier.Specialized Contractor:Mnard Soltraitement(project leader) andKeller Fondations Spci joint-venture.

t

t

t

columns compared to hsions throughout was tresistance to earthquakian Ernst tells us: The dplaced on top of the eliminated the hard pinterstitial settlement phThus, the structure is gu withstand earthquakes.The process, with allaccurately downscaled,dated in test specimen apenetration tests and in with 150% overload of Measurements performelel illustrated the homosettlement throughout surface.

PRINCIPLE OF INSTALLATION OF BI-MODULUS COLUMNS (BMC)


7/24/2019 ss220-us

21/24

REALIZATION

STRUCTURES/AVE VIADUCT

A Kit of 39 Spans

tors on which the slabs were cast.To avoid beam movement duringpre-slab placement and slab pour-ing, we temporarily connected thebeams in groups of two usingcables and four jacks, continuedSalvador Lorente. On each span, 60plates with 5.9 m lost frameworksequipped with connectors wereplaced on the precast beams toform the abutments of the viaductand cover the U. To join the twoparallel beams, 30 concrete plates with reinforced lost frameworks were installed. n

PARTICIPANTSOwner: GIF.Engineer: Inocsa.Main Contractor: Necso.Specialized Contractor:Tierra Armada SA.

t

t

t

t

Precasting and installation:in Spain, the Groups subsidiary,Tierra Armada, participated

in two phases of construction of a largerailway structure.

ON THE TOLEDO-MONCEJNSECTION of the future Spanishhigh-speed railway line, Tierra Armada helped construct thelargest viaduct it had ever workedon. The 1,659 m long structure iscomposed of forty-two 36 m spans. With the exception of the 3 centralspans that were cast in situ, the 39others were composed of two pre-cast parallel U beams. We wereinvolved in different phases of thisproject, explains Salvador Lorente,general director of Tierra Armada.First off, in our Loeches factory near Madrid, we fabricated the 78beams (39 pairs) as well as the pre-slabs and slabs. We then installedthem on the structure. Once deliv-ered to the site by special wide loaddelivery, the beams, each weighing160t, were installed by crane on thepot bearings on the head of thepier; These were then covered withpre-slabs equipped with connec-

Manufactured using B50self-placing concrete tosimplify casting into themould, the U beams arecomposed of 10.5 t of passivesteel, 64 m 3 of concrete and5.4 t of prestressing steel.


7/24/2019 ss220-us

22/24

T R A N S V E R S E

CONFERENCES

The Freyssinet StayCable on Tour in Asia

The paradox of advanced tech-nologies is that their applica-

tions often become commonplace.To prevent this risk and to increaseknowledge of the recently-devel-oped high performance stay cablesystems, Freyssinet organized twoconferences that brought togetheraround 400 guests at the beginningof 2004. The first was held in Hong


various stay cable conffrom the central line of four-stay lines used structures; he highlightelution of decks to comptions and of pylons to

Ren Walther.

Bruno Dupety.

Karl Frank.

Michel Virlogeux.

to systems with paralthreaded into metal sHDPE. He also stressedfollow the recommenda fib to search for multibcable protection metho Virlogeux, consulting edesigner, presented theproblems encountered bers. Supported by maillustrations, he presenteous types of vibration metric excitation and ththe devices available to ereduce these phenomensheath helicoidal filletsfor the Normandy Bri

Last spring, Freyssinet organizedtwo conferences in Asia; This regionof the world is where the largestbridge projects are carried out today.

Kong on the 31st of March and thesecond in Tokyo on the 2nd of April. In his introduction, BrunoDupety, the chief executive officerof Freyssinet International, stress-ed the publics fascination withcable-stayed bridges, and the factthat the great strides made over thepast 30 years in terms of durabi-lity, mechanical performance and

installation will make way for evenmore daring projects. Honorary professor at the cole polytech-nique of Lausanne (Switzerland),Ren Walther presented the brief history of these structures. Illus-trated with many images, his pres-entation gave an overview of the

give architects more imagination and audadurability of stay cables

structural design, was dProfessor Karl Frank froversity of Austin, Texas on the example of the Maracaibo Lake (VeneKohlbrand (Germany), hthe problem of locked corrosion and showed th

7/24/2019 ss220-us

23/24

TRANSVERSE


damping of stay cables using specialdevices (needles, internal and exter-nal dampers). In Hong Kong, thechief engineer of the China Ministry of Communications, Maorun Feng,gave an overview of all large struc-tures completed or under construc-tion in his country since the mid-1970s. Over the last 10 years, con-

struction of 23 cable-stayed bridgesand 13 suspended bridges, all witha central span over 400 m, has beeninitiated, and 28 of them are al-ready in service. The Chinese offi-cial explained that, in the future, we will witness cable-stayed struc-tures with spans over 1,000 m. Anexample is the Sutong Bridge cur-

rently under construction that willbecome, in 2008, the longest bridgein the world with a 1,088 m centralspan. Jrme Stubler and BenotLecinq, deputy general director

and technical manager of Freys-sinet respectively, presented theFreyssinet HD stay cable system(see the article on p. 6) and boastedthe successful results from the CIP watertightness test to the audito-rium. The consulting engineer,

Reiner Saul, summarized in HongKong the evolution of cable-stayedbridges designed, controlled orsupervised by Leonhardt, Andr

und Partner over the last decade.He stressed that parallel cable sys-tems have become the solution of choice throughout the world. Onthe same subject, but this time inJapan, Yoshinobu Kubo, Professorin the Civil Engineering depart-ment of the Kyushu TechnologicalInstitute, reviewed the numerouscable-stayed structures con-structed in his country after theKatsuse Bridge. Focusing in partic-ular on the structural and aerody-namic evolution of structures, hepointed out that the size of centralspans of cable-stayed bridges hadincreased by 12 m per year in Japan.He concluded that, based on testsperformed in Japan on structureslike the Shin-Onomichi, multi-strand stay cables would becomethe preferred solution. n

Maorun Feng.

Jrme Stubler.

Benot Lecinq.

Reiner Saul.

DEVELOPMENT

Launchingof AustressMenard

GROWTH

Openingof FreyssinetAdria

After their successfulcollaboration during construction of the Townsvillesugar terminal, one to

consolidate the soil and theother to install the floorprestressing (see Soils & Structures no. 217), MnardSoltraitement and AustressFreyssinet have created Austress Menard. Managedby Paul McBarron, thisnew entity will be active ingeotechnic engineeringand soil improvement inthe region including Australiaand New Zealand. Its

portfolio of processes andtechniques includesFreyssimix jet grouting columns, ground anchors,dynamic compaction,dynamic substitution andcontrolled modulus columns(CMC). n

Austress Menard37, Prime Drive Seven Hills Sydney N.S.W 2147 [email protected]

Yoshinobu Kubo.

Following a few yearsof successful collaborationin the framework of variousprojects such as the Crni Kal Viaduct (Slovenia), Freyssinetand the Slovene company Primorje recently createda common subsidiaryto develop the activities of Freyssinet and ReinforcedEarth in Slovenia, Croatia andBosnia. Andrej Kosir wasnamed operational director.

The new entity was baptizedby the general directors ofthe two groups in thepresence of the EconomicExpansion Agency (PEE)of the French Embassyin Ljublijana, the press andSlovene television. n

Freyssinet Adria 5270 AjdovscinaVipavska Cesta 3 SloveniaTel.: +386 5 36 90 331Fax: +386 5 36 90 200

Measuring 1,056 m in lengthand 26.5 m in width, the CrniKal motorway viaduct crosses

the Osp Valley with piers over110 m high. Constructed bythe SCT d.d. and Primorje d.d.,the structure used Freyssinetprestressing the piers and deck.

7/24/2019 ss220-us

24/24

Africa and middle-East

EgyptFreyssinet EgyptGizaPhone: (20.2) 345 81 65Fax: (20.2) 345 52 37

KuwaitFreyssinet International & Co.Safat

Tel.: (965) 906 7854Fax: (965) 563 5384

South AfricaFreyssinet Posten Pty LtdOlifantsfonteinPhone: (27.11) 316 21 74Fax: (27.11) 316 29 18

Reinforced Earth Pty LtdJohannesburgPhone: (27.11) 726 6180Fax: (27.11) 726 5908

United Arab EmiratesFreyssinet Middle East LLCDuba Phone: (971) 4 286 8007Fax: (971) 4 286 8009

Freyssinet Gulf LLCDuba Phone: (971) 4 286 8007Fax: (971) 4 286 8009

America

ArgentinaFreyssinet - Tierra Armada SABuenos AiresPhone: (54.11) 4372 7291Fax: (54.11) 4372 5179

BrazilTerra Armada LtdaRio de JaneiroPhone: (55.21) 2233 7353Fax: (55.21) 2263 4842

CanadaReinforced Earth Company LtdMississaugaPhone: (1.905) 564 0896Fax: (1.905) 564 2609

ChileFreyssinet - Tierra Armada S.ASantiago de ChilePhone: (56.2) 2047 543Fax: (56.2) 225 1608

ColombiaStup de ColombiaBogotaPhone: (57.1) 257 4103Fax: (57.1) 610 3898

Tierra Armada LtdaBogotaPhone: (57.1) 236 3786Fax: (57.1) 610 3898

El SalvadorFessic SA de CVLa LibertadPhone: (503) 278 8603Fax: (503) 278 0445

GuatemalaPresforzados Tcnicos SAGuatemala CityPhone: (502) 2204 236Fax: (502) 2500 150

MexicoFreyssinet de Mxico SA de CVMexico DFPhone: (52.55) 5250 7000Fax: (52.55) 5255 0165

Tierra Armada SA de CVMexico DFPhone: (52.55) 5250 7000Fax: (52.55) 5255 0165

United StatesDrainage & GroundImprovement, Inc - MnardBridgeville, PAPhone: (1.412) 257 2750Fax : (1.412) 257 8455

Freyssinet LLCChantilly, VAPhone: (1.703) 378 2500Fax: (1.703) 378 2700

The Reinforced Earth CompanyVienna, VAPhone: (1.703) 821 1175

Fax: (1.703) 821 1815VenezuelaFreyssinet - Tierra Armada CaCaracas DFPhone: (58.212) 576 6685Fax: (58.212) 577 7570

Asia

Hong KongFreyssinet Hong Kong LtdKwung Tong - KowloonPhone: (852) 2794 0322Fax : (852) 2338 3264

Reinforced Earth Pacific LtdKwung TongPhone: (852) 2782 3163Fax: (852) 2332 5521

IndonesiaPT Freyssinet Total Technology

JakartaPhone: (62.21) 830 0222Fax: (62.21) 830 9841

JapanFKK

TokyoPhone: (81.3) 5220 2181Fax: (81.3) 5220 9726

TAKK TokyoPhone: (81.44) 722 6361Fax: (81.44) 722 3133

MalaysiaFreyssinet PSC (M) Sdn BhdKuala LumpurPhone: (60.3) 7982 85 99Fax: (60.3) 7981 55 30

Mnard Geosystems Sdn BhdSubang Jaya SelangorPhone: (60.3) 5632 1581Fax: (60.3) 5632 1582

Reinforced Earth Management

Services Sdn BhdKuala LumpurPhone: (60.3) 6274 6162Fax: (60.3) 6274 7212

PakistanReinforced Earth Pvt LtdIslamabadPhone: (92.51) 2273 501Fax: (92.51) 2273 503

SingaporePSC Freyssinet (S) Pte LtdSingapourPhone: (65) 6899 0323Fax: (65) 6899 0761

Reinforced Earth (SEA) Pte LtdSingapourPhone: (65) 6566 9080Fax: (65) 6565 6605

South KoreaFreyssinet Korea Co. LtdSoul

Phone: (82.2) 2056 0500Fax: (82.2) 515 4185

Sangjee Mnard Co. LtdSoulPhone: (82.2) 587 9286Fax: (82.2) 587 9285

ThailandFreyssinet Thailand LtdBangkokPhone: (66.2) 266 6088/ 90Fax: (66.2) 266 6091

VietnamFreyssinet VietnamHanoiPhone: (84.4) 826 1416Fax: (84.4) 826 1118

Europe

BelgiumFreyssinet Belgium NVVilvoordePhone: (32.2) 252 0740Fax: (32.2) 252 2443

Terre Armee Belgium NVVilvoordePhone: (32.2) 252 0740Fax: (32.2) 252 2443

DenmarkA/S Skandinavisk SpaendbetonVaerloesePhone: (45.44) 35 08 11Fax: (45.44) 35 08 10

FranceFreyssinet FranceVlizyPhone: (33.1) 46 01 84 84Fax: (33.1) 46 01 85 85

Freyssinet International & CieVlizyPhone: (33.1) 46 01 84 84Fax: (33.1) 46 01 85 85Mnard SoltraitementNozayPhone: (33.1) 69 01 37 38Fax: (33.1) 69 01 75 05

PPCSaint-RemyPhone: (33.3) 85 42 15 15Fax: (33.3) 85 42 15 14

Terre Arme SNCVlizyPhone: (33.1) 46 01 84 84Fax: (33.1) 46 01 85 85

FyromFreyssinet BalkansSkopjePhone: (389.2) 3118 549Fax : (389.2) 3118 549

Great-BritainCorrosion Control Services Ltd

TelfordPhone: (44.1952) 230 900Fax: (44.1952) 230 960

Freyssinet Ltd TelfordPhone: (44.1952) 201 901Fax: (44.1952) 201 753

Reinforced Earth Company Ltd TelfordPhone: (44.1952) 201 901Fax: (44.1952) 201 753

HungaryPannon Freyssinet KftBudapestPhone: (36.1) 209 1510Fax: (36.1) 209 1510

IrelandReinforced Earth CompanyIreland (Ltd)KildarePhone: (353) 45 431 088

Fax: (353) 45 433 145ItalyFreyssinet - Terra Armata SRLRomaPhone: (39.06) 418 771Fax: (39.06) 418 77 201

NetherlandsFreyssinet Nederland BVEz WaddinxveenPhone: (31.18) 2630 888Fax: (31.18) 2630 152

Terre Arme BVBredaPhone: (31.76) 531 9332Fax: (31.76) 531 9943

NorwayA/S Skandinavisk SpennbetongSnaryaPhone/fax: (47.67) 53 91 74

PolandFreyssinet Polska Sp z.o.o.MilanwekPhone: (48.22) 724 4355Fax : (48.22) 724 6893

PortugalFreyssinet - Terra ArmadaLisbonnePhone: (351.21) 716 1675Fax: (351.21) 716 4051

RomaniaFreyrom SABucarestPhone: (40.21) 220 2828Fax: (40.21) 220 4541

SpainFreyssinet SAMadridPhone: (34.91) 323 9500Fax: (34.91) 323 9551

Tierra Armada Espana, SAMadridPhone: (34.91) 323 9500Fax: (34.91) 323 9551

SloveniaFreyssinet AdriaBudapestPhone: (386) 5 36 90 331Fax: (386) 5 36 90 200

SwedenAB Skandinavisk SpaennbetongMalmPhone/fax : (46.40) 98 14 00

SwitzerlandFreyssinet SAMoudonPhone: (41.21) 905 0905Fax: (41.21) 905 0909

TurkeyFreysasKadikyPhone: (90.216) 349 8775Fax: (90.216) 349 6375

Reinforced Earth InsaatProje Ve Tic. A.SUmraniyePhone: (90.216) 484 4179Fax: (90.216) 484 4174

Oceania

AustraliaAustress Freyssinet Pty LtdSeven HillsPhone: (61.2) 9674 4044Fax: (61.2) 9674 5967

Austress MenardSeven HillsPhone: (61.2) 9674 4044Fax: (61.2) 9674 5967

Austress Freyssinet Pty LtdMelbournePhone: (61.3) 9326 58 85Fax: (61.3) 9326 89 96

The Reinforced Earth CompanyHornsbyPhone: (61.2) 9910 9900

Fax: (61.2) 9910 9999New ZealandFreyssinet New Zealand Ltd -Reinforced Earth LtdAucklandPhone: (64.9) 2363 385Fax : (64.9) 2363 385

ZOOMExpressConstructionin Africa

The Freyssinet Group around the world

On the future 265 km motorway underconstruction between Nhaoundr(Cameroon) and Touboro (Chad),a site far from its bases, Mnard

Soltraitement set an amazing recordfor speed last spring. Active six daysout of seven, and in double shifts fromthe 10th of May to the end of June,the single team sent to consolidatethe compressible zones (before initiationof earthworks) installed 27,000 verticaldrains for a total of 360,000 ml.This was the equivalent of a dailyaverage of 12,000 ml compared with4,000 ml achieved by teams in single shift.

FREYSSINET- 1 bis, rue du Petit-Clamart - 78140 Vlizy-Villacoublay - France - Phone: (+33 1) 46 01 84 84 - Fax: (+33 1) 46 01 85 85 - www.freyssinet.comPublication manager:Claude Lascols - Editor:Stphane Tourneur ([email protected]) - Contributed to this i ssue:Isabelle Angot, Krzysztof Berger,

Jean-Luc Bringer, Laure Cleste, Stphane Cognon, Khalil Doghri, Alberto Gonzales Bueno, Dion Gray, Michelle Haynes, Dominique Jullienne, Likhasit Kittisatra, Patrick Ladret,Salvador Lorente, Paul Mc Barron, Anna Marjanska, TonyMitchell, Sylviane Mullenberg, Patrick Nagle, Don Palmer-Asbey, Manuel Peltier, Franois Prongu, Pierre Sery,

FREYSSINET

Documents

ss220-us