ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION 1 A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION AGENDA: WHAT

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009

EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDESENIOR ASSOCIATE

LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION1

A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

AGENDA: WHAT IS LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION (LEF)? LEF: VISION, MISSION, APPROACH, PARTNERS,

EXPERIENCE LEF’s VIEWS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE WORK OF LEF IN SAKHALIN (2005 - 2009) KEY SD CHALLENGES: REFLECTIONS FROM LEF LEF’S EXPERIENCE: EMERGING LESSONS

AGENDA: WHAT IS LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION (LEF)? LEF: VISION, MISSION, APPROACH, PARTNERS,

EXPERIENCE LEF’s VIEWS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE WORK OF LEF IN SAKHALIN (2005 - 2009) KEY SD CHALLENGES: REFLECTIONS FROM LEF LEF’S EXPERIENCE: EMERGING LESSONS

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE

SENIOR ASSOCIATELIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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THE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION (LEF)

THE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION (LEF) A non-profit, non-governmental organisation

(NGO) Established in London in 1987 Overall goal: to contribute to shared learning and

action for sustainable development Funding: mixture of public (mainly UK, EU) and

private (corporations, donors) Main activities: environmental learning and action

programmes; promoting/facilitating consensus building and partnerships for sustainable development; sustainable community development; training of trainers (active learning); production of education materials

A non-profit, non-governmental organisation (NGO)

Established in London in 1987 Overall goal: to contribute to shared learning and

action for sustainable development Funding: mixture of public (mainly UK, EU) and

private (corporations, donors) Main activities: environmental learning and action

programmes; promoting/facilitating consensus building and partnerships for sustainable development; sustainable community development; training of trainers (active learning); production of education materials



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LEF: VISIONLEF: VISION “Our vision is of a living Earth

where people learn and act together to help sustain the systems and resources necessary for a fulfilled life.”

“Our vision is of a living Earth where people learn and act together to help sustain the systems and resources necessary for a fulfilled life.”



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LEF: MISSIONLEF: MISSION

“LEF’S MISSION IS TO TURN IDEAS INTO ACTION : WORKING WITH PEOPLE TO RESOLVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES THAT CONCERN THEM”

“LEF’S MISSION IS TO TURN IDEAS INTO ACTION : WORKING WITH PEOPLE TO RESOLVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES THAT CONCERN THEM”



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LEF: KEY GOALLEF: KEY GOAL“Living Earth Foundation aims to

develop partnerships that demonstrate how communities, government and businesses can work together to achieve common goals on social and environmental issues, through dialogue, negotiation and consensus-building”

“Living Earth Foundation aims to develop partnerships that demonstrate how communities, government and businesses can work together to achieve common goals on social and environmental issues, through dialogue, negotiation and consensus-building”



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LEF: PARTNERS AND EXPERIENCELEF: PARTNERS AND EXPERIENCELEF works (or has worked in the past): in partnership with governments, civil society

organisations, private corporations and institutions of education;

in the UK (with schools, local governments, companies, universities, others);

in Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda, Republic of South Africa, Equatorial Guinea);

in Latin America (Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina);

in Europe (Hungary, Bulgaria, Russia); In Iran.

LEF works (or has worked in the past): in partnership with governments, civil society

organisations, private corporations and institutions of education;

in the UK (with schools, local governments, companies, universities, others);

in Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda, Republic of South Africa, Equatorial Guinea);

in Latin America (Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina);

in Europe (Hungary, Bulgaria, Russia); In Iran.



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LEF APPROACH: AIMS AND PRINCIPLES

LEF APPROACH: AIMS AND PRINCIPLES

CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASE LOCAL CAPACITY to implement sustainable development projects

PROMOTE TRUST, CONSENSUS-BUILDING AND PARTNERSHIPS among key stakeholders

CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOP SOCIAL CAPITAL (i.e. the capacity of key social actors to coordinate efforts and to work together towards agreed goals)

ACTIVE LEARNING METHODOLOGY: learning by doing and by sharing experience; reflective action; critical self-awareness; promoting dialogue and a culture of shared learning

CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASE LOCAL CAPACITY to implement sustainable development projects

PROMOTE TRUST, CONSENSUS-BUILDING AND PARTNERSHIPS among key stakeholders

CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOP SOCIAL CAPITAL (i.e. the capacity of key social actors to coordinate efforts and to work together towards agreed goals)

ACTIVE LEARNING METHODOLOGY: learning by doing and by sharing experience; reflective action; critical self-awareness; promoting dialogue and a culture of shared learning



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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SD)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SD)

CONVENTIONAL DEFINITION OF SD: THE INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS

A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

SD: GOAL AND PROCESSLEF: A PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE ON

SD

CONVENTIONAL DEFINITION OF SD: THE INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS

A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

SD: GOAL AND PROCESSLEF: A PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE ON

SD

THE INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND

ECONOMIC GOALS

THE INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND

ECONOMIC GOALSSOCIAL:HEALTH, EDUCATION, PUBLIC SERVICES, FREEDOM, PEACE, JUSTICE, QUALITY OF LIFE

ECONOMIC:INCOME, JOBS, GROWTH, TECHNOLOGY, PRODUCTION

ENVIRONMENTAL:CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SYSTEMS, CONTROL OF CONTAMINATION


EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDESENIOR ASSOCIATELIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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SD: HOW DOES THIS INTEGRATION WORK?SD: HOW DOES THIS INTEGRATION WORK?

SOCIALECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENTAL

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDESENIOR ASSOCIATELIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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SD: THE PROPER VALUE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

SD: THE PROPER VALUE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

ENVIRONMENT

ECONOMICS

SOCIAL


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A MAJOR SD CHALLENGE:THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

A MAJOR SD CHALLENGE:THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES


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SD: GOAL AND PROCESSSD: GOAL AND PROCESSSD AS GOAL: A SITUATION IN WHICH

EQUITABLE AND INCLUSIVE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ARE ENSURED FOR THE LONG TERM

SD AS A PROCESS: THE PATHWAY TOWARDS THE GOAL - DEVELOPING THE UNDERSTANDING, SKILLS, RELATIONS, VALUES, ATTITUDES, BEHAVIOUR REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL (LEF’s APPROACH)

SD AS GOAL: A SITUATION IN WHICH EQUITABLE AND INCLUSIVE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ARE ENSURED FOR THE LONG TERM

SD AS A PROCESS: THE PATHWAY TOWARDS THE GOAL - DEVELOPING THE UNDERSTANDING, SKILLS, RELATIONS, VALUES, ATTITUDES, BEHAVIOUR REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL (LEF’s APPROACH)



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FOR LEF, SD AS PROCESS:THE ESSENCE IS ‘RESPECT FOR

LIFE’

FOR LEF, SD AS PROCESS:THE ESSENCE IS ‘RESPECT FOR

LIFE’ Respect for values, beliefs and traditions that

may be radically different from our own (unacceptable to categorise others as “primitive” or “backward”).

Acceptance of social and cultural imperatives (eg. to maintain harmonious relationships in specific social contexts).

Respect for biodiversity and the acceptance of environmental imperatives.

Respect for economic diversity.

Respect for values, beliefs and traditions that may be radically different from our own (unacceptable to categorise others as “primitive” or “backward”).

Acceptance of social and cultural imperatives (eg. to maintain harmonious relationships in specific social contexts).

Respect for biodiversity and the acceptance of environmental imperatives.

Respect for economic diversity.



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THE WORK OF LEF IN SAKHALINTHE WORK OF LEF IN SAKHALIN PARTNERSHIP WITH SAKHALIN STATE UNIVERSITY

(SSU) SINCE 2005 (MoU SIGNED IN FEBRUARY 2006) AIMS:

DEVELOP THE CAPACITY OF SSU TO ACT AS PROMOTER AND FACILITATOR OF SD;

BUILD CAPACITY (INFORMATION, UNDERSTANDING, SKILLS, RELATIONS) OF KEY SOCIAL ACTORS TO IMPLEMENT SD

IMPLEMENT PRACTICAL LEARNING AND ACTION SD PROJECTS BASED ON MULTI-STAKEHOLDER COOPERATION

CONTRIBUTE TO A SD STRATEGY FOR SAKHALIN, BASED ON MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSENSUS

FUNDING: PECE/DEFRA, SHELL INTL., SEIC

PARTNERSHIP WITH SAKHALIN STATE UNIVERSITY (SSU) SINCE 2005 (MoU SIGNED IN FEBRUARY 2006)

AIMS: DEVELOP THE CAPACITY OF SSU TO ACT AS PROMOTER

AND FACILITATOR OF SD; BUILD CAPACITY (INFORMATION, UNDERSTANDING,

SKILLS, RELATIONS) OF KEY SOCIAL ACTORS TO IMPLEMENT SD

IMPLEMENT PRACTICAL LEARNING AND ACTION SD PROJECTS BASED ON MULTI-STAKEHOLDER COOPERATION

CONTRIBUTE TO A SD STRATEGY FOR SAKHALIN, BASED ON MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSENSUS

FUNDING: PECE/DEFRA, SHELL INTL., SEIC



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LEF AND SSU SIGN PARTNERSHIP

MoU LEF AND SSU SIGN PARTNERSHIP

MoU



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LEF PROJECTS IN SAKHALIN TO DATELEF PROJECTS IN SAKHALIN TO DATE LEF-SSU COURSE ON SD FOR LOCAL AND

REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OF SAKHALIN (2005/2006)

LEARNING VISIT TO SCOTLAND/SHETLAND ISLANDS BY 12 STAKEHOLDERS FROM SAKHALIN (MAY 2007)

TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR SSU LECTURERS (2007/2008)

COURSE ON SD FOR KEY STAKEHOLDERS FROM KORSAKOV (2007/2009) - TOWARDS PRACTICAL LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES (2009)

LEF-SSU COURSE ON SD FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OF SAKHALIN (2005/2006)

LEARNING VISIT TO SCOTLAND/SHETLAND ISLANDS BY 12 STAKEHOLDERS FROM SAKHALIN (MAY 2007)

TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR SSU LECTURERS (2007/2008)

COURSE ON SD FOR KEY STAKEHOLDERS FROM KORSAKOV (2007/2009) - TOWARDS PRACTICAL LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES (2009)



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LEF’S WORK IN SAKHALIN: DESIRED IMPACTS

LEF’S WORK IN SAKHALIN: DESIRED IMPACTS

INCREASED CAPACITY TO WORK WITH OTHERS, AND GREATER CONFIDENCE TO ACT TOGETHER, AMONGST KEY STAKEHOLDERS

CLOSER LINKS BETWEEN REGIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENT, COMPANIES AND COMMUNITIES

CONSTRUCTIVE DIALOGUE ABOUT LONG-TERM FUTURE, AMONG KEY STAKEHOLDERS

STRENGTHENED SSU FACILITATES AND SUPPORTS LEARNING, DIALOGUE AND CONSENSUS-BUILDING FOR SD

ENHANCED, CONSTRUCTIVE RELATIONS AMONG KEY STAKEHOLDERS STRENGTHENS DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION - MAKING PROCESSES

INCREASED CAPACITY TO WORK WITH OTHERS, AND GREATER CONFIDENCE TO ACT TOGETHER, AMONGST KEY STAKEHOLDERS

CLOSER LINKS BETWEEN REGIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENT, COMPANIES AND COMMUNITIES

CONSTRUCTIVE DIALOGUE ABOUT LONG-TERM FUTURE, AMONG KEY STAKEHOLDERS

STRENGTHENED SSU FACILITATES AND SUPPORTS LEARNING, DIALOGUE AND CONSENSUS-BUILDING FOR SD

ENHANCED, CONSTRUCTIVE RELATIONS AMONG KEY STAKEHOLDERS STRENGTHENS DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION - MAKING PROCESSES




THE PROCESS OF SD: KEY CHALLENGES

THE PROCESS OF SD: KEY CHALLENGES

CONSENSUS SOCIAL CAPITALLEGITIMACY

CONSENSUS SOCIAL CAPITALLEGITIMACY




CONSENSUSCONSENSUS

“Awareness on the part of members of a group that they share feelings,

traditions, ideas or definitions in relation to a given situation”

(from the Spanish definition in El Pequeño Larousse Ilustrado 1999)

“Awareness on the part of members of a group that they share feelings,

traditions, ideas or definitions in relation to a given situation”

(from the Spanish definition in El Pequeño Larousse Ilustrado 1999)



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SOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL CAPITALThe capacity of different

groups/sectors in a community, to: work together to create and

maintain institutions, assets, services for the common good;

develop shared visions, goals and plans;

develop relations based on reciprocal trust.

The capacity of different groups/sectors in a community, to: work together to create and

maintain institutions, assets, services for the common good;

develop shared visions, goals and plans;

develop relations based on reciprocal trust.



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LEGITIMACYLEGITIMACY “Legitimacy implies that people accept or

follow rules, initiatives and laws because they consider them correct, right, reasonable, justified”

Held, D. (1989) Political Theory and the Modern State. Essays on the State, Power and Democracy

Legitimacy is culturally and historically determined Legitimacy is NOT legality (the two may be opposed) Perceptions are key Legitimacy is central to the development of trust

“Legitimacy implies that people accept or follow rules, initiatives and laws because they consider them correct, right, reasonable, justified”

Held, D. (1989) Political Theory and the Modern State. Essays on the State, Power and Democracy

Legitimacy is culturally and historically determined Legitimacy is NOT legality (the two may be opposed) Perceptions are key Legitimacy is central to the development of trust

BUILDING CONSENSUS: KEY FACTORS

BUILDING CONSENSUS: KEY FACTORS



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VALUE/IMPORTANCE OF RELATION WITH ‘THE OTHER’

VALUE/IMPORTANCE OF ACHIEVING ‘THE GOAL’

+

+

ACCEPTANCERESIGNATION

INHIBITIONAVOIDANCE

IMPOSITION

CONSENSUS

CONCILIATIONACCOMMODATION

NEGOTIATION TO BUILD CONSENSUSNEGOTIATION TO BUILD CONSENSUSADVERSARIAL : Based on the defence of ‘our

interests against theirs’ Seeks to ‘defeat adversaries’ Fosters mistrust, fear,

suspicion of ‘the other’ Creates ‘winners and losers’ Generates resentment, pain,

frustration, desire for revenge

UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION:“I must win and you must lose,

because if you win, I lose..”

ADVERSARIAL : Based on the defence of ‘our

interests against theirs’ Seeks to ‘defeat adversaries’ Fosters mistrust, fear,

suspicion of ‘the other’ Creates ‘winners and losers’ Generates resentment, pain,

frustration, desire for revenge

UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION:“I must win and you must lose,

because if you win, I lose..”

CONSENSUAL: Seeks to identify and explore

common interests Seeks to benefit all

participants Promotes reciprocal trust Generates synergy Promotes conviviality, peace UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION:“We can all benefit. If you win, I

also win; if I win, you win too..”

CONSENSUAL: Seeks to identify and explore

common interests Seeks to benefit all

participants Promotes reciprocal trust Generates synergy Promotes conviviality, peace UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION:“We can all benefit. If you win, I

also win; if I win, you win too..”

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDESENIOR ASSOCIATE


BUILDING CONSENSUS: KEY PRINCIPLES

BUILDING CONSENSUS: KEY PRINCIPLES

Build trustShare relevant informationFocus on interests (not positions)Explore common interests - think

creativelyBuild inclusive agreements Carry out and monitor agreements

Build trustShare relevant informationFocus on interests (not positions)Explore common interests - think

creativelyBuild inclusive agreements Carry out and monitor agreements


EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE


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BUILDING CONSENSUS:INTEREST-BASED NEGOTIATION

BUILDING CONSENSUS:INTEREST-BASED NEGOTIATION

POSITIONS: PRE-FORMULATED SOLUTIONS -designed to satisfy specific sets of interests; openly stated, often as inflexible ‘final offers’ during negotiation

INTERESTS: UNDERLYING MOTIVATIONS - not always openly stated; include material needs, beliefs, values, expectations, fear, love, hatred




POSITION AND INTERESTSPOSITION AND INTERESTS

POSITION

INTERESTS

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDESENIOR ASSOCIATELIVING EARTH FOUNDATION 27

INTEREST-BASED NEGOTIATION:HOW DOES IT WORK?

INTEREST-BASED NEGOTIATION:HOW DOES IT WORK?

POSITION OF ‘B’

INTERESTS OF ‘A’

POSITION OF ‘A’

INTERESTS OF ‘B’

COMMONINTERESTS

SHARED SOLUTIONS

VALUES BELIEFS

EXPECTATIONSPOLITICALDYNAMICS

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDESENIOR ASSOCIATE

LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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DIALOGUE AND NEGOTIATIONDIALOGUE AND NEGOTIATION



LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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BUILDING TRUST: KEY LESSONSBUILDING TRUST: KEY LESSONS

FACE-TO-FACE ENCOUNTERS PLAY KEY ROLE WE NEED TO LEARN TO LISTEN TIMELY SHARING OF RELEVANT

INFORMATION IS VERY IMPORTANT BUILDING TRUST TAKES TIME, PATIENCE IT REQUIRES SENSITIVITY, OPENESS,

FLEXIBILTY COLLAPSE OF TRUST CAN OCCUR QUICKLY

FACE-TO-FACE ENCOUNTERS PLAY KEY ROLE WE NEED TO LEARN TO LISTEN TIMELY SHARING OF RELEVANT

INFORMATION IS VERY IMPORTANT BUILDING TRUST TAKES TIME, PATIENCE IT REQUIRES SENSITIVITY, OPENESS,

FLEXIBILTY COLLAPSE OF TRUST CAN OCCUR QUICKLY




SHARING REFLECTIONS: LESSONS

SHARING REFLECTIONS: LESSONS

TRI-SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS CAN BE EFFECTIVE TOOLS TO PROMOTE SHARED LEARNING AND ACTION FOR SD

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PARTNERSHIPS FOR SD

BUILDING CONSENSUS AND PARTNERSHIPS, AND DEVELOPING SOCIAL CAPITAL REQUIRES FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY, NEW SKILLS

EDUCATION FOR SD ENTAILS PROMOTING CRITICAL THINKING, VALUES, COHERENCE - NOT TELLING PEOPLE WHAT TO DO

TRI-SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS CAN BE EFFECTIVE TOOLS TO PROMOTE SHARED LEARNING AND ACTION FOR SD

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE A CRUCIAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PARTNERSHIPS FOR SD

BUILDING CONSENSUS AND PARTNERSHIPS, AND DEVELOPING SOCIAL CAPITAL REQUIRES FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY, NEW SKILLS

EDUCATION FOR SD ENTAILS PROMOTING CRITICAL THINKING, VALUES, COHERENCE - NOT TELLING PEOPLE WHAT TO DO

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDESENIOR ASSOCIATELIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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KEY FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE

PARTNERSHIPS

KEY FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE

PARTNERSHIPS VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION OF PARTNERS ADDED VALUE TO WHAT EACH PARTNER COULD

ACHIEVE ALONE PARTNERS AGREE SHARED VISION, GOALS PARTNERS AGREE/SHARE ROLES,

RESPONSIBILITIES PARTNERS AGREE AND IMPLEMENT MECHANISMS

FOR MONITORING, EVALUATION, DISPUTE RESOLUTION

VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION OF PARTNERS ADDED VALUE TO WHAT EACH PARTNER COULD

ACHIEVE ALONE PARTNERS AGREE SHARED VISION, GOALS PARTNERS AGREE/SHARE ROLES,

RESPONSIBILITIES PARTNERS AGREE AND IMPLEMENT MECHANISMS

FOR MONITORING, EVALUATION, DISPUTE RESOLUTION


EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATELIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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FINAL REFLECTIONS: RE-VALUING WISDOMFINAL REFLECTIONS: RE-VALUING WISDOM

“Victory creates hatred, defeat suffering. Wise persons do not seek either victory or defeat. According to the Law of the Universe, hatred, vengeance and reprisals only ensure that the cycle will continue”

Samdec Prea Mojá GosanandaCambodian Buddhist Monk

(1929 - 2007)

“Victory creates hatred, defeat suffering. Wise persons do not seek either victory or defeat. According to the Law of the Universe, hatred, vengeance and reprisals only ensure that the cycle will continue”

Samdec Prea Mojá GosanandaCambodian Buddhist Monk

(1929 - 2007)


EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATELIVING EARTH FOUNDATION

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Documents

ST. PETERSBURG, 24 APRIL 2009 EDGARDO GARCÍA LARRALDE SENIOR ASSOCIATE LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION 1 A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING EARTH FOUNDATION AGENDA: WHAT