-
: :
:
-
?(Cr)12%
-
12%
(12%)
(O2)
10~50 , 1 = 0.1 nm
-
3 mm
3mm
10
1
-
yyyyyyy y100%
-
1030%
-
CrCr2O3
-
1995
-
452 m4000300
-
8,000
3,000
1,400
1,500
800
300
2,000 800
450
CRU
-
""100%
""
-
1,000 390 300 250 , - 150 - 150 - 100 130 - ,
200 -
-
CRU, AvestaPolarit, YUSCO
ARCELOR 2,500 13.23%Acerinox 2,250 11.90%Krupp Thyssen Stainless
(KTS) 2,200 11.64%AvestaPolarit 1,750 9.26%POSCO 1,250 6.61%AK
Steel 1,020 5.40%YUSCO 1,000 5.29%Allgeheny Ludlum 870 4.60%NSC 780
4.13%Nisshin 600 3.17%
-
1.300
600600300300304316
-
2.400
2.5%400300400300
-
SUS 304304L316LSUS-430
-
1.
14mm14mm
-
2.
-
SUS 304SUS 304
-
No. 1(1)2B2D(2)BALBA
-
No.12D2BNo.3No.4#400HLBANo.12D2BBA
-
2B
BA
-
Austenitic series
AISI 30020030218%8%304
-
30473%SUS304SUS304
-
Austenite
TypeGB
(CHINA)ASTM
(AMERICAN)
JIS (JAPAN)
DIN (GERMANY) Use
Austenite
1Cr17Ni7 301 SUS301 X12CrNi177
Anticorrosion Heat-resistant
1Cr18Ni9 302 SUS302 X12CrNi188
Y1Cr18Ni10 303 SUS303 X12CrNiS188
0Cr18Ni9 304 SUS304 X5CrNi189
00Cr19Ni10 304L SUS304L X2CrNi189
0Cr17Ni12Mo2 316 SUS316 X5CrNiMo181000Cr17Ni14Mo2 316L
SUS316L
X2CrNiMo1810
00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 SUS316JIL0Cr18Ni10Ti 321 SUS321
X10CrNiTi189
0Cr19Ni13Mo3 317 SUS317 X2CrNiMo18160Cr19Ni13Mo3 317L
SUS317L5Cr21Mn9Ni4N SUH35
Exhaust pipe5Cr21Mn8Ni2N 21-2N SUH372Cr21Ni12N 21-12N
SUH370Cr18Ni11Nb 347 SUS347 X10CrNiNb189
High pressure stove pipe
-
Martensitic series
AISI 40050041013%
-
The microstructure of martensite as seen through a
microscope
-
Martensite
TypeGB
(CHINA)
ASTM
(AMERICAN)
JIS
(JAPAN)
DIN
(GERMANY)
Martensite
1-6Cr13 410 SUS410 X10Cr13
1Cr17Ni2 431 SUS431 X22Cr17Ni17
7Cr17 440A SUS440A
9Cr18 440C SUS440C X105CrMoV17
9Cr18Mo 440C SUS440C
9Cr18MoV 440B SUS440B X90CrMoV18
4Cr9Si2 HNV3 SUS11,SUH1 X90CrMoV18
4Cr10Si2Mo SUH3
-
Ferritic series
AISI 40043016~18%
-
Ferrite
TypeGB
(CHINA)
ASTM
(AMERICAN)
JIS
(JAPAN)
DIN
(GERMANT) Use
Ferrite
1Cr17 430 SUS430 X8Cr17
Have a range heat-
resistance anti-pitting corrosion ,
always use in exhaust system
0Cr13Al 405 SUS405 X7CrAl13
Y1Cr17 430F SUS430F X12CrMo17
0Cr18Mo2Ca
- - -
1Cr17Mo 434 SUS434 X6CrMo17
-
Precipitation-hardenable series
AISI 600630CuAlMoCoTiNb
-
Precipitation-hardening
Type
GB
(CHINA)
ASTM
(AMERICAN)
JIS
(JAPAN)
DIN
(GERMANY Use
Precipitation-
hardening
0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb 630 SUS630
anticorrosion very strong
0Cr17Ni7Al 631 SUS631 X7CrNiAl177
0Cr15NiMo2Al 632 SUS632
-
300430
-
2205
-
Duplex
TypeGB
(CHINA)
ASTM
(AMERICAN)
JIS
(JAPAN)
DIN
(GERMANY) Use
Duplex stainless
steel
0Cr26Ni5Mo2 A240 4304 kerosene ,
petroleum , always use in
heat-resistanceand acid-
resistance system
1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi
00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2
SWEDEN 3RE60
-
2205 DSS
-
Duplex stainless steel is a stainless steel that is composed of
two types of compounds, austenite (white part) and ferrite (gray
part).
-
Effect of Nickel Additions
Stabilises austenite More than 8% in
austenitic stainless steels
4 to 7% in duplex austenite-ferrite steels0 2 4 6 8
200C
400C
1000C
% nickel
Ferrite or martensite
Austenite
Fe-Cr-Ni equilibrium diagram(schematic)
-
stabilizer : CrMo Si stabilizer : NiCMnN
-
43~492~9185~260200~265
22~41360~45517~22104~148118~188
2~30125130
10~3513~4392~132108~151
Hardening
Tempering
CR
CR
HRCHB
1903540130AnnealingPHS (631)
2772580105AnnealingDSS (329)
135~160304075AnnealingMSS (410)
183304575AnnealingFSS (430)
187553790AnnealingASS (302)
HardnessElongation(%)
Yield strength (KSI)
Tensile strength(KSI)
ItemsSeries
:1.: PHS>MSS>DSS>ASS>FSS2.:
ASS>FSS>DSS>MSS>PHS3.:
PHS>MSS>DSS>ASS>FSS
-
030
0 40
Martensitic alloys
Schaeffler diagram
Martensite
Austenite
A + M
M + F Ferrite
A + F + M
Chromium Equivalent = Cr + Mo + 1.5 Si + 0.5 Nb
N
i
c
k
e
l
E
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
=
N
i
+
3
0
C
+
0
.
5
M
n
A + F
Duplex alloys
Austenitic alloys
Ferritic alloys
-
WRC 1992 Diagram
0 2 48
10 14 2024
30
100
40
5060
70
8090
AAF
FA
F
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 319
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
N
i
c
k
e
l
E
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
=
N
i
+
3
5
C
+
2
0
N
+
0
.
2
5
C
u
Chromium Equivalent = Cr + Mo + 0.7 Nb
-
The Schaeffler-Delong Diagram
Chromium Equivalent = %Cr + 1.5%Si + %MoNickel Equivalent = %Ni
+ 30(%C + %N) + 0.5(%Mn + %Cu + %Co)
FerriticFerritic
FerriticFerritic--AusteniticAustenitic
MartensiticMartensitic
MartensiticMartensitic--AusteniticAustenitic
AusteniticAustenitic
Chromium Equivalent
N
i
c
k
e
l
E
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
430410
304316904
2304 22052507
-
Heat input (KJ/mm) = Volts Amps 60
Travel Speed (mm/min) 1000Heat input mm (KJ/mm)Volts E (V)Amps I
(A)Travel Speed mm/min
Note : 2205:0.5~2.5KJ/mm
-
200X 200X
M
2205
-
200X
-
AAF:Creq/Nieq 1.48
FA:1.48 Creq/Nieq1.95
F : 1.95 Creq/Nieq
Increasing Cr/Ni
-
2mm
010203040506070
2mm 4mm 6mm
f
e
r
r
i
t
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
(
w
t
%
)
0
1020
3040
50
2mm 4mm 6mm
f
e
r
r
i
t
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
(
w
t
%
)
-
-Cunm-Cu
-
30-50
0.001wt%0.3wt%1.0wt%
-
High Nitrogen Stainless Steels(HNSS)
-
Introduction
Shortage of Ni for civil industry during the War II.
The nickel is expensive so far.
Thus the steelmaker used nitrogen to instead of nickel, and
found many excellences more than nickel, so the steel also known as
high nitrogen stainless steels (H.N.S).
-
Nitrogen Contents in Austenitic Nitrogen Contents in Austenitic
Stainless SteelsStainless Steels
Low Nitrogen Contents (0.05%~0.10%).Middle Nitrogen Contents
(0.10%~0.40%).High Nitrogen Contents (Above 0.40%).
Nitrogen solubility diagram
-
Nitrogen Contents in Austenitic Nitrogen Contents in Austenitic
Stainless SteelsStainless Steels
Generally speaking:
For ferritic materials the limit is about 0.08 w.t% N.
For austenitic materials the limit is about 0.40 w.t% N.
Austenite-Ferrite V.S N2 diagram
-
:
1. 2. 3. 4.
-
-ferrite/
-
increase nitrogen content
-
Thanks for your attention
