Step1.discovering useful words and expressions

“multicultural” the word means many different cultural 多种 / 多边文化的

multi=many

Let’s guess the meaning of the words in the two boxes ,then figure out a few more words

that you can add to each box

1. Canada is a multicultural country like China. 加拿大像中国一样是一个多元化国家。

multi- 是一个前缀，意为“多” multistory ____________ multiform ____________ multichannel ____________________ multipurpose __________

多层的多种形式的

多通话线路的 , 多波段的多种用途的

多党的 _____________ 多国的、多民族的 __________ 多向的 ________________ 多彩的，彩色的 ____________ 多媒体 __________

multiparty

multinational

multidirectional

multicolored

multimedia

Multi=many meanings

multicolored

Multichannel

Multiform

Multinational

Multistory

multimedia

Multitrack

Multifaith

multimember

Made of many tracks (e.g. Railways and tapes)

Including many religions/faiths

Made of many member /people (e.g. committees and organizations)

Made of many colorsHaving many channelsExisting in many forms

Including many nationsHaving many storiesUsing many media (e.g. TV, radio, and CD)

2. Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins on the Atlantic coast. 李黛予和她的表妹刘倩去加拿大大西洋海岸看望她们的表兄妹们。

trip: usually short journey, esp. for pleasure (通常指短途的)行走，旅行（尤指娱乐性的）

与trip搭配的主要动词和介词： be on a trip to make a trip to take a trip to

海滨之行 __________________ 前往巴黎的蜜月之旅 __________________________ 他出差在外。 He is _____________________. 我父亲下礼拜要到纽约去。 My father will _____________________

next week.

a trip to the seaside

a honeymoon trip to Paris

on a business trip

make a trip to New York

3. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly from China to Vancouver and to take the train from west to east across Canada in September.

rather than (prep.): in preference to (sb/sth); instead of 与其（某人 /某物） ;不愿 ;不要

他不愿惹麻烦 ,宁可离去 . _______________________, he left.

我想喝柠檬汁 ,不想喝可乐 . I’ll ___________________________.

他正忙于写信而不是读报 . He was busy __________________

__________________________.

Rather than cause trouble

have a lemonade rather than a coke

writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper

4. It is the second biggest country in the world and as you go eastward, you will see mountains, and pass by thousands of lakes, forests and wide rivers as well as cities. 它是世界第二大国家 ,当你一路向东行时 ,除了城市你还会看到山脉 ,会经过上千个湖泊 ,森林 ,大河等以及城市 .

eastward 也作 eastwards, 副词 ,意为“向东” -ward(s)=in a direction

向前 ___________ 向后 __________ 向外 ___________ 向南 __________ 向西 ___________ 向北 __________

forward(s) backward(s)

northward(s)outward(s) southward(s)westward(s)

他们向东航行。__________________.

我们难以决定是向东走还是向西走。We couldn’t decide ______________

___________________.

They sailed eastward

whether to go eastward or westward

-ward(s) = in the direction

meanings

forwards

Eastwards

Westwards

Southwards

Backwards

Outwards

Ahead , to the front

To the east

To the west

To the south

To the rear ,to the back

Out , in a direction

To the north

To the inside

In a direction to

NorthwardsInwardstowards

thousands of 成千上万的注意： million, billion, thousand, hun

dred, score, dozen 之前有确定的数字时，不论后面是有无 of, 词尾都不加 s.

如果前面没有确定的数字而后接 of时，词尾都加 s.

300 名学生 ____________________这些鸡蛋里的 3打 _______________________

几打鸡蛋 _______________

three hundred students

three dozen of these eggs

dozens of eggs

5. Many people think it is the most beautiful city in Canada, as it is surrounded by mountains on the north and east and the Pacific. 许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，因为它的北面和东面都被大山包围。

surround vt. 包围，环绕，围绕 surround sb/sth with sb/sth sth/sb be sourrounded by/with sth

篱笆环绕着学校。 _____________________________. 他们出动了军队包围了该城。 _____________________________ ____________.

房子的四周有高墙。 ______________________________ ______.

The fence surrounds the school

They have surrounded the town with troops

The house is surrounded by high walls

6. On the coast north of Vancouver some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world still remain.温哥华以北的海岸依然生长着世界上最古老，最美丽的森林。

north of = to the north 表示“在……的北方”，其他方位词，如： east, west, south, southeast, northeast等，都有类似的用法。

他住在洛杉矶以东（的地方）。 ______________________________.He lives to the east of Los Angeles

7. That afternoon in the train the cousins settled down in their seats. 那天下午表姐妹俩才在火车上落了座。

settle down 安稳坐下，安居下来，适应起来他爷爷手拿报纸坐在扶手椅里。His grandfather ______________________

_____________with a newspaper.

你适应新工作了吗？____________________________________?

settled down in the armchair

Have you settled down in your new job yet

8. Many of them have a gift for working with animals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes. 他们中许多人都有与兽共舞的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。

have a gift for 在… .. 方面有天分；有天赋

她对学语言有天赋。 __________________________________

好像他对音乐有些天赋。 __________________________________

she has a gift for learning languages.

It seems he has a gift for music.

2.Look at the reading passage again to find words and expressions that mean the same

• Extremely• Have a gif for • Settle down• Coast• Surround• Harbor• Figure out • Port • within

3.Fill in the blanks with some of the words and expressions from the reading

• 1. figure out • 2. harbor• 3. within • 4. border• 5. a gift for• 6. settle down• 7.surrounded • 8. extremely

step 2 talking

• Using the information and at least 10 words from the reading passage ,make a dialogue between Li Daiyu and Liu Qiu about what they have seen and done on their trip .use at least three sentences for each person . The first one has been done for you .

Sample dialogue LIDAYU: What did you like best on the trio from Vancouver to

Toronto?• LIDAYU: My favorite part was seeing the grizzly bear in the

mountains.• LIDAYU: LIDAYU: I liked the mountains too . They’re really wild

scenery.• LIU QIAN: What did you think of the center where they grow all

that wheat on the big farms ?• LIDAYU: Actually ,I thought it was fairly dull –the Great Lakes

we saw later were more beautiful .• LIU QIAN: Me too . The busy port Thunder Bay was pretty

interesting. I was surprised that the ships can come that far into the country .

• LIDAYU: In fact , what I liked best was that we slept on the train .

• LIU QIAN: But few didn’t see many of the forests !

Step 2 Discovering useful structures

• Find 3 examples from the reading passage.

1.The idea that they would cross the whole continent was exciting .

2.The idea that you can cross Canada in less than 5 days is just wrong .

3.The fact that ocean ships can go there surprises many people .

the Noun Clause can be used as an appositive同位语从句

Exercise 2

• The possibility that the weather in winter would be warmer pleased the Canadian .

• The idea that there will be an earthquake terrifies many people .

• The hope that we could go to France was exciting .

• The fact that more and more people settle down in Canada surprises me .

• The belief that the world is flat is not scientific .

Pair work

1. His suggestion that we should take the train from the west to east across Canada sounds very exciting.

2. The idea that they would clone the first human being surprised many people at the meeting.

3. He broke the rule that no one is allowed to smoke on the campus.

4. The Chinese basketball fans were wild with joy when they heard the news that Yao Ming had collected forty points for the Houston Rockets in the game.

Exercises (5 minutes)

Finish exercise 1 on page 71

5. Mary left a message with me for you that she won’t be able to see you off this afternoon.

6. There is no doubt that he is the right person for this job.

7. In the letter he expressed the hope that he would come and visit China again.

8. The captain gave the order that all the soldiers had to reach the village before dawn.

9. Not everyone present agrees to his thought that it is impossible to finish the work before the end of his month.

What kind of noun clauses are they?

• 1. What it was to become was a mystery.

• 2. I don’t know who will help Henry to win the bet.

• 3. His trouble is that he doesn’t know anybody in London.

• 4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.

主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

brainstorming (2m)

•

noun clauses

subjective clause主语从句

objective clause宾语从句

predicative clause表语从句

appositive clause同位语从句

Notes

一、同位语从句的概念

二、同位语从句的引导词

三、其后常用同位语从句的名词

四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

同位语从句，即从句在句中作主语或宾语的同位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。

e.g. We heard the news that our team had won.

The fact that the transport of the goods costs too much was not discussed.

Sydney kept his promise that he wouldalways do anything he could for Lucieto make sure of her happiness.

同位语从句的引导词常用 that, wh-, how等。

e.g.

I have no idea

when he will be back.

how he can get the treasure.

where the concert will be hold.who can finish the work.why it happened.

which pen is mine.

what we should do next.whom they are talking about.

whether it’ll rain tomorrow.that our football team won the game.

其后常用同位语从句的名词主要是抽象名词，如：belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news,possibility, thought, message, problem,promise, 等等。

同位语从句与定语从句的区别

一、比较：

The suggestion that we discuss the problem all over again is a good one.

同位语从句：

定语从句 : The suggestion that he gave at the meetingwas a good one.

What is the suggestion? The suggestion is that we discuss the problem all over again.

Which suggestion was a good one?The suggestion that he gave at the meeting.

二、区别

1、 同位语从句是对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明它是什么、是谁； that 不充当句子成份。

2、 定语从句是修饰前面的先行词； that 在句中充当主语或宾语，有实际意义。

　例 1 ： Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001 上海 ) A. while B. that C. wh

en D. as 　　析：答案为 B 。 more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities 是 Information 的内容，且 Information 不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同

位语从句。应将该句区别于：　　 It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities ， this is the information ____ has been put forward. A .what B. that C.

when D. as 　　析：答案为 B 。 that has been put forward 为 information 的修饰性定语，

且 information 在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。　　例 2 ： She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.

(MET91) 　　 A. it B. which C. this D. that

　　析：答案为 B 。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 a terrible noise ，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

　　 I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. 　　 A. it B. which C. this D. that

　　析：答案为 D 。 she is crying loudly 是 the terrible noise 的内容，且 the terrible noise 不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

　　

巩固性练习：1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what

9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 11. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004 上海春季高考 ) A. which B. that C. what D. whether12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004 上海春季高考 ) A. as B. which C. what D. that13. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way. (2004 北京春季高考 ) A. it B. that C. this D. which14.There are signs ____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A. that B. which C. in which D. whose (2000.6)15. We can see the same signs ____ stand out throughout the city. A. that B. which C. in which D. whose (2000.6)Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA 11-15 BBDAA