Strangeness Hadrons in Few-Body Nuclei Yoshinori AKAISHI, Akinobu DOTE and Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI Deeply bound kaonic states K-K- Atomic states Nuclear state MENU Sept. 3, 2004 Few-Body KN Systems _ Strange baryon Di-baryon Tri-baryon Tetra-baryon Strange heavy nucleus Strange matter pp p p p n n p p n p p n S=-1 S=-2 p K _ = p p = H*? DA NE1999 Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki DA NE KN interaction MeV -285 MeV -436 MeV -412 MeV none KpX Iwasaki et al. (1997) Martin (1981) p+K - n+K 0 - (1405) -++-++ ++-++- 0+00+0 +0+ (MeV) Optical potential K nucleus _ K - atom for E= -110 MeV for t-matrix: for g-matrix: No Pauli exclusion Chiral SU(3) Dynamics T. Waas, N. Kaiser & W. Weise, Phys. Lett. B379 (1996) K+K+ K-K- 200 MeV /100 MeV Tomozawa-Weinberg 7 times Chiral symmetry NN KN - Isoscalar J. Schaffner-Bielich, V. Koch & M. Effenberger, Nucl. Phys. A669 (2000) 153. A. Ramos & E. Oset, Nucl. Phys. A671 (2000) 481. A. Cieply, E Friedman, A. Gal & J. Mares, Nucl. Phys. A696 (2001) 173. Shallow optical potentialDeep optical potential V 0 +iW 0 = -50 i 60 MeV V 0 +iW 0 = -120 i10 MeV Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) N. Kaiser, P.B. Siegel & W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A594 (1995) 325. Nuclear KNN bound states _ T = 3/2 Unbound T = 1/2 Above the + n threshold T = 1/2 E = -48 MeV = 61 MeV S = 0 S = 1 S = 0 obtained from 3-body variational calculation. Structure of ppK - pp K-K fm rms distance 1.36 fm fm r fm 3.90 fm rms distance T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70. K - + p 123 r fm MeV (1405) ++ ++ K - + pp 123 r fm MeV ++ ++ K He 123 r fm MeV ++ ++ pp T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70. 123 r fm MeV ++ (-69, 66) MeV (-86, 32) MeV Nuclear bound state 1.47 fm Free R core fm MeV E core (R core ) E K (R core ) E K + E core Hasegawa-Nagatas NN ~1Gev repulsion E Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) Shrinkage ! MeV T n MeV He ( stopped K -, n) Branching ~2% M. Iwasaki et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. A473 (2001) 286. K He T = 1 T = MeV E K MeV d+ - + d+ + + d+ - + Evidence for K - ppn Oct.16, 2003 M. Iwasaki et al. M. Iwasaki T. Suzuki H. Bhang G. Franklin K. Gomikawa R.S. Hayano T. Hayashi K. Ishikawa S. Ishimoto K. Itahashi T. Katayama Y. Kondo Y. Matsuda T. Nakamura S. Okada H. Outa B. Quinn M. Sato M. Shindo H. So T. Sugimoto P. Strasser K. Suzuki S. Suzuki D. Tomono A.M. Vinodkumar E. Widmann T. Yamazaki T. Yoneyama nucl-ex/ from 4 He(stopped K -,n) B -ex ~ 60 MeV Chiral restoration ? m K / f 2 udd uud us _ 11 or 9 quarks ? Challenging problem ! pp n K-K- 1.5 fm N (0) = 8.9 0 ppnK - Tri-baryon ? av =3.1 Theor. Exp. K-NNN potential _ MeV 123 r fm -5 MeV -23 MeV -37 MeV Relativistic effect 17% enhanced KN bare int. _ proportional to 2 (9% enhanced KN effective int.) _ Without shrinkage With shrinkage Observe all. Exciting! pppK - ppnK - pnnK - -103 MeV N(0s) 3 K - N(0s) 2 (0p) K MeV -193 MeV T=1, 3/2 + Relativistic effect -170 T=0,1/ KN enhanced by 17% 4 He(stopped K -, p) pnnK - p momentum T. 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Iwazaki et al. 150 MeV Chemical potential Nuclei Temperature Quark-gluon plasma Color superconductor (2SC), (CFL) Hadrons Dense & cold Tricritical point Nuclear Phase Diagram Liquid-gas 1.90 fm 1.36 fm pp ppK fm 1.5 fm ppK - K - uuddss us _ uud us _ Strange deuteron? Excited H* di-baryon? K-K- K-K- T. Yamazaki P. Kienle ppnK - + d K-K- Cold & dense fragments Heavy-Ion Reaction ~10A GeV High-density environment provided by HI fireball Invariant-mass spectroscopy for their decays Decay-channel spectroscopy T. Yamazaki Phys. Lett. B587 (2004) 167 ppK - + p FOPI at GSI from Kutsche (PhD) 1999 Superb identification A. Andronic and P. Braun-Munzinger, priv.comm., Oct.17, 2003 > GSI SIS100/300 : best place Concluding Remarks Nuclear K bound state _ Mini strange matter K plays a role of contractor. _ Few-body K nuclear systems would provide experimental data of fundamental importance for hadron physics with strangeness. _ A new means to investigate hadron dynamics in dense&cold matter Chiral restoration? Color superconductivity? Kaon condensation? Strange hadronic/quark matter? Production-/Decay- channel spectroscopies KEK DA NE SPring-8 GSI J-PARC S=0 nucleiS=-1S= Excitation energy (MeV) Meson-nucleon systems of 2 nd generation