Structure

? מה לומדים היום

דרך לבנות מבנה נתונים בסיסי•–Structure

מייצר "טיפוס" חדש•מתאים כאשר רוצים לאגד כמה משתנים יחד•

דוגמאות:•עובד: שם, טלפון, דרגה•סטודנט: שם, ת"ז, ממוצע•מוצר: שם, מחיר, משקל•מספר מרוכב: חלק ממשי, חלק מדומה•

Structure:סינטקס

Structure שם המבנה

1משתנה

2משתנה

...End Structure

:דוגמאStructure Oved Dim name As String Dim maskoret As Integer End Structure

Structs (Structures)Module Module1 Structure Oved Dim name As String Dim maskoret As Integer End Structure

Sub Main() Dim x As Oved x.name = "Avi" x.maskoret = 1234 Dim People(10) As Oved People(0).name = "Yossi" People(1).name = "Moshe" People(2).name = "Lea" Console.WriteLine("People's Size is " & People.Length()) Console.WriteLine("The first name is " & People(0).name) Console.Write("The length of the first name is ") Console.WriteLine(People(0).name.Length()) End SubEnd Module

Structureמערך של

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition

דוגמא עם לולאותModule Module1 Structure Oved Dim name As String Dim maskoret As Integer End Structure Sub Main() Dim People(10) As Oved Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To 2 Console.WriteLine("Please enter person number " & i) People(i).name = Console.ReadLine People(i).maskoret = Console.ReadLine() Next Dim min As Integer = People(0).maskoret Dim temp As String = People(0).name For i = 1 To 2 If (People(i).maskoret < min) Then min = People(i).maskoret temp = People(i).name End If Next Console.WriteLine("The min is " & min & " his name is " & temp) End SubEnd Module

Module Module1 Structure Oved Dim name As String Dim maskoret As Integer End Structure Sub Main() Dim People(10) As Oved Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To 2 Console.WriteLine("Please enter person number " & i) People(i).name = Console.ReadLine People(i).maskoret = Console.ReadLine() Next Dim min As Integer = 0 Dim temp As String = People(0).name For i = 1 To 2 If (People(i).maskoret < People(min).maskoret) Then min = i End If Next Console.WriteLine("The min is " & People(min).maskoret & " his name is " & People(min).name) End SubEnd Module

?מה ההבדל

...עם פונקציה Structure Oved Public name As String Public maskoret As Integer End Structure

Sub Main() Dim People(5) As Oved Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To People.Length() - 1 Console.WriteLine("Please enter the person's name") People(i).name = Console.ReadLine Console.WriteLine("Please enter their maskoret") People(i).maskoret = Console.ReadLine Next Console.WriteLine("High " & PrintHighest(People)) End Sub

הפונקציה

Function PrintHighest(ByVal x() As Oved) As Integer Dim i As Integer Dim high As Integer = x(0).maskoret For i = 0 To x.Length - 1 If x(i).maskoret > high Then high = x(i).maskoret End If Next Return high End Function

Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim x As Oved x.name = "Avi" x.maskoret = 1234 Dim People(10) As Oved People(0).name = "Yossi" People(1).name = "Moshe" People(2).name = "Lea" Dim value As Integer = PrintHighest(People) Console.WriteLine("Highest is " & value) End Sub Structure Oved Public name As String Public maskoret As Integer End Structure Function PrintHighest(ByVal x() As Oved) As Integer Dim i As Integer Dim high As Integer = x(0).maskoret For i = 0 To x.Length - 1 If x(i).maskoret > high Then high = x(i).maskoret End If Next Return high End FunctionEnd Module

?מה יופיע פה

תרגיל – תכנון חנות

•. בחנות המוצרים רשימת את המכילה טבלה לייצר ברצוננו•: יש מוצר לכל

שם•ברקוד•

מחיר•

Structure Shop Dim name As String Dim code As Integer Dim price As DoubleEnd Structure

Module Module1 Structure Shop Dim name As String Dim code As Integer Dim price As Double End Structure Sub Main() Dim makolet(10) As Shop makolet(0).name = "Cheese" makolet(0).code = 111 makolet(0).price = 8.75 makolet(1).name = "Shnitzel" makolet(1).code = 222 makolet(1).price = 21.45 makolet(2).name = "Shoko" makolet(2).code = 122 makolet(2).price = 4.25 Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To makolet.Length() - 1 Console.WriteLine("Product {0} is: {1}, its price is: {2}", i, makolet(i).name, makolet(i).price) Next End SubEnd Module

Product 0 is: Cheese, its price is: 8.75Product 1 is: Shnitzel, its price is: 21.45Product 2 is: Shoko, its price is: 4.25Product 3 is: , its price is: 0Product 4 is: , its price is: 0Product 5 is: , its price is: 0Product 6 is: , its price is: 0Product 7 is: , its price is: 0Product 8 is: , its price is: 0Product 9 is: , its price is: 0Product 10 is: , its price is: 0

מימוש חנות

Module Module1 Structure Shop Dim name As String Dim code As Integer Dim price As Double End Structure Sub Main() Dim makolet(10) As Shop makolet(0).name = "Cheese" makolet(0).code = 111 makolet(0).price = 8.75 makolet(1).name = "Shnitzel" makolet(1).code = 222 makolet(1).price = 21.45 makolet(2).name = "Shoko" makolet(2).code = 122 makolet(2).price = 4.25 Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To makolet.Length() - 1 If makolet(i).name <> Nothing Then Console.WriteLine("Product {0} is: {1}, its price is: {2}", i, makolet(i).name, makolet(i).price) End If Next End SubEnd Module

בלי הדפסת מוצרים ריקים

Product 0 is: Cheese, its price is: 8.75Product 1 is: Shnitzel, its price is: 21.45Product 2 is: Shoko, its price is: 4.25

Module Module1 Structure Shop Dim name As String Dim code As Integer Dim price As Double End Structure Sub Main() Dim makolet(10) As Shop makolet(0).name = "Cheese" makolet(0).code = 111 makolet(0).price = 8.75 makolet(1).name = "Shnitzel" makolet(1).code = 222 makolet(1).price = 21.45 makolet(2).name = "Shoko" makolet(2).code = 122 makolet(2).price = 4.25

PrintPrice(makolet)End Sub

Sub PrintPrice(ByVal s() As Shop) Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To s.Length() - 1 If s(i).name <> Nothing Then Console.WriteLine("Product {0} is: {1}, its price is: {2}", i, s(i).name, s(i).price) End If NextEnd SubEnd Module

עם פונקציה

Product 0 is: Cheese, its price is: 8.75Product 1 is: Shnitzel, its price is: 21.45Product 2 is: Shoko, its price is: 4.25

רוצים יכולת למצוא את שם המוצר הכי זול

פונקציה • נכתובהחנות • של המערך את לפונקציה להעביר נרצההמוצר • של השם את מהפונקציה לקבל נרצה•!!! דבר – שום מדפיסה לא הפונקציה לב שימו

Function GetZol(ByVal s() As Shop) As String Dim i As Integer Dim idx As Integer = 0 Dim min As Double = s(0).price For i = 1 To s.Length() - 1 If s(i).name <> Nothing And s(i).price < min Then min = s(i).price idx = i End If Next Return s(idx).name End Function

הדפסת רשימת המוצרים המלאה ואת המוצר הכי זול במכולת

•) קודם ) שהגדרנו כמו הבאות הפונקציות את לנו שיש נניח•Sub PrintPrice(ByVal s() As Shop)•Function GetZol(ByVal s() As Shop) As Stringפונקציה • בעזרת המכולת המוצרים כל את נדפיסביותר • הזול המוצר שם את נדפיס

• , נדפיס ואז המוצר שם למציאת בפונקציה נשתמש

Sub Main() Dim makolet(10) As Shop makolet(0).name = "Cheese" makolet(0).code = 111 makolet(0).price = 8.75 makolet(1).name = "Shnitzel" makolet(1).code = 222 makolet(1).price = 21.45

PrintPrice(makolet) Dim zol As String zol = GetZol(makolet) Console.WriteLine("The cheapest thing in makolet is " & zol)

End Sub

Product 0 is: Cheese, its price is: 8.75Product 1 is: Shnitzel, its price is: 21.45The cheapest thing in makolet is Cheese

:הקוד

Sub Main() Dim makolet(10) As Shop makolet(0).name = "Cheese" makolet(0).code = 111 makolet(0).price = 8.75 makolet(1).name = "Shnitzel" makolet(1).code = 222 makolet(1).price = 21.45

Dim bakery(10) As Shop bakery(0).name = "roll" bakery(0).code = 333 bakery(0).price = 6.32 bakery(1).name = "pita" bakery(1).code = 777 bakery(1).price = 3.6 PrintPrice(makolet) Dim zol As String zol = GetZol(makolet) Console.WriteLine("The cheapest thing in makolet is " & zol)

PrintPrice(bakery) zol = GetZol(bakery) Console.WriteLine("The cheapest thing in bakery is " & zol)End Sub

Product 0 is: Cheese, its price is: 8.75Product 1 is: Shnitzel, its price is: 21.45The cheapest thing in makolet is CheeseProduct 0 is: roll, its price is: 6.32Product 1 is: pita, its price is: 3.6The cheapest thing in bakery is pita

ואם יש גם מכולת וגם מאפיה?

נשתמש באותה פונקציה שוב...נעביר לה פרמטר אחר, ונקבל ממנה

משהו אחר

Sub Main() Dim makolet(10) As Shop makolet(0).name = "Cheese" makolet(0).code = 111 makolet(0).price = 8.75 makolet(1).name = "Shnitzel" makolet(1).code = 222 makolet(1).price = 21.45

Dim bakery(10) As Shop bakery(0).name = "roll" bakery(0).code = 333 bakery(0).price = 6.32 bakery(1).name = "pita" bakery(1).code = 777 bakery(1).price = 3.6 PrintPrice(makolet) Dim zol As String Console.WriteLine("The cheapest thing in makolet is " & GetZol(makolet))

PrintPrice(bakery) Console.WriteLine("The cheapest thing in makolet is " & GetZol(bakery))End Sub

Product 0 is: Cheese, its price is: 8.75Product 1 is: Shnitzel, its price is: 21.45The cheapest thing in makolet is CheeseProduct 0 is: roll, its price is: 6.32Product 1 is: pita, its price is: 3.6The cheapest thing in bakery is pita

אפשר גם לשתול את מה שחוזר מהפונקציה

ישר לתוך פקודת הדפסה

Function Kupa(ByVal cart() As String, ByVal s() As Shop) As Single Dim total As Single = 0 For i = 0 To cart.Length - 1 For j = 0 To s.Length() - 1 If cart(i) = s(j).name Then total += s(j).price End If Next Next Return total End Function

פונקציה לחישוב סכום המוצרים בסל

Sub Main() Dim super(10) As Shop super(0).name = "Shoko" super(0).code = 111 super(0).price = 4.75 super(1).name = "Apple" super(1).code = 222 super(1).price = 2.45 super(2).name = "Bread" super(2).code = 333 super(2).price = 5.05 super(3).name = "Bag" super(3).code = 444 super(3).price = 1.2 Dim lunch() As String = {"Bread", "Shoko"} Console.WriteLine("Lunch costs " & Kupa(lunch, super) & " shekel.")End Sub

Lunch costs 9.8 shekel.

המשך חישוב סכום המוצרים בסל

תרגיל

בצע השוואת מחירים לסל קניות לחג פסח?•איזה קלט נבקש מהמשתמש?–מה צריך להיות מוגדר בתוכנית?–איך נכתוב את התוכנית?–