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Study on Environmental Goods and Services Sector (EGSS)-based Statistics Framework for
China Environmental Industrial Sector
Dr. Zhanfeng Dong, Senior ResearcherChinese Academy for Environmental
Planning，MEPGeneva, Switzerland, May 2014
Contents
• Project Introduction• China’s environmental industry • China’s regular statistics and EGSS • China’s Environmental Industry Survey and
EGSS • Case Study: Wuhan • Conclusions and suggestions
About the project• Co-sponsored by UNEP and the Ministry of
Environmental Protection of China• Undertaken by the Chinese Academy for Environmental
Planning• 2012.10-2014.2• Aiming to identify the feasibility of applying the EGSS
statistical framework in China – Analyzed the current environmental industry statistics in
China and identified the major gaps to the EGSS framework. – Examined a broad range of published national data.– Conducted a pilot data collection using China’s environmental
industry survey in the city of Wuhan.
Contents
• Project Introduction• China’s environmental industry • China’s regular statistics and EGSS • China’s Environmental Industry Survey and
EGSS • Case Study: Wuhan • Conclusions and suggestions
China’s environmental industry 中国的环保产业
• Started since the 1970s, and has been growing dramatically 七十年代起步，发展迅速
• Listed as one of the 7 National Strategic Emerging Industries 被列为七大战略性新兴产业
Fig. Turnover of China’s environmental industry, billion RMB
Source: Ministry of Environmental Protection
556%
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
环保产业产值 GDP增长率 环保产业增长率
16.7
10.1
15.6
9.0
Fig. Development of enironmental industry and national economy
Source: CAEP
Production of env. industry
GDP growth rate
Growth rate of env. industry
Policy support for enironmental industry 对于环保产业的政策支持
Time Policy document
2010.10 Decisions on Accelerating the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries by the State Council of China
2012.6 12th Five-Year Devleopment Plan for Energy Saving and Environmental Industry by the State Council of China
2012.7 12th Five-Year Devleopment Plan for the Strategic Emerging Industries by the State Council of China
2012.12 Classification of the National Strategic Emerging Industries (2012) by the National Bureau of Statistics
2012.12 12th Five-Year Plan for the Service Industry by the State Council of China
2013.1 Guidance on the Development of Environmental Service Industry by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
2013.8 Suggestions on Accelerating the Development of Energy Saving and Environmental Industry by the State Council of China
Contents
• Project Introduction• China’s environmental industry • China’s regular statistics and EGSS • China’s Environmental Industry Survey and
EGSS • Case Study: Wuhan • Conclusions and suggestions
Table. Statistical standards in China and other areas中国同其他国家统计标准对比
Economic activities经济活动分类
Products 产品分类
China National Economic Industries Classification 国民经济行业分类
General Product Classification for Statistical Use 统计用产品分类
European Union
Nomenclature of Activities in the European Community (NACE)
Classification of Products by Activity (CPA)
International International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC)
Central Product Classification (CPC)
Classification of environmental sector 环境部门分类
Environmental goods and services in the General Product Classification for Statistical Use
统计用产品分类中可识别的环境产品与服务
• Services for ecological protection
• Urban environmental management services
• Pollution control services • Metal recycled products • Non-metal recycled products • Pollution control equipment • Environmental evaluation
and monitoring services
• Water resources protection services, water loss and soil erosion remediation services, and water conservancy management
• Specific chemical products and materials for pollution remediation
• Specific equipment for environmental monitoring
• Based on a relatively comprehensive statistical database, we tried to collect EGSS data from published statistical yearbooks. Some variables can be directly tracked from published records; however, most of the others can only be estimated. 基于一个较为全面的统计数据库，我们试着通过公开的统计年鉴数据核算 EGSS。一些指标可直接找到，大部分需通过估算得到。
Estimating variables through published statistical yearbooks 通过公开统计年鉴核算 EGSS
The EGSS that can be identified in published statistical yearbooks (environmental protection)
可通过公开统计年鉴数据识别的 EGSS部分（环境保护类）
The EGSS that can be identified in published statistical yearbooks (resource management)
可通过公开统计年鉴数据识别的 EGSS部分（资源管理类）
Major findings 主要发现• A limited number of environmental goods and services can be
directly identified in the regular statistics, but the product classification is NOT specific enough to be re-grouped by the product type and environmental domain in the EGSS framework. 一部分的环境产品与服务可直接从常规统计中的产品分类找到，但是不够具体，无法将其按照 EGSS统计框架的产品分类和环境领域重新分类。
• The published statistical yearbooks can provide some statistics for EGSS accounting, but it is very difficult to gather consistent data with the same statistical scope. Many variables are not measured on a yearly basis, and it is possible that the best available data that we can find are not from the same year. 公开的统计年鉴可提供部分 EGSS所需数据，但是难以获得相同统计口径的连续的数据。很多数据并不是每年都会统计的，很有可能我们找到的数据并不是来自同一年的。
Challenges and limitations 挑战与局限
•It is difficult to identify principle activities, secondary activities and ancillary activities. 难以识别主要活动、次要活动和辅助活动。
•We did not distinguish market and non-market activities. The statistics for market and non-market activities are released together in the current yearbooks, and there is no clear boundary. 我们并未区分市场活动和非市场活动。公开的统计数据中并没有将市场活动和非市场活动分开统计。
•The database may not cover everything. 我们采用的数据库可能并不能面面俱到。
Contents
• Project Introduction• China’s environmental industry • China’s regular statistics and EGSS • China’s Environmental Industry Survey and
EGSS • Case Study: Wuhan • Conclusions and suggestions
Introduction of the Environmental Industry Survey环保产业调查简介
• The Environmental Industry Survey, led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, is a nationwide specific survey on environmental industry in China. 中国环保产业调查是由环保部组织的，全国范围内的环保产业专项调查。
• Instead of a regular statistical practice, it has been performed only four times in1993, 2000, 2004, and 2011. Each time there is a new survey scope and protocol. 该调查并不是常规统计活动，至今仅组织过四次，即1993年、 2000年、 2004年和 2011年。每一次的调查范围和组织形式都不同。
Scopes of China Environmental Industry Survey 中国四次环保产业调查范围
2011 Environmental Industry Survey2011年环保产业调查
•The population: All the state-owned legal entities and the non-state-owned legal entities with an annual turnover of more than 2 million RMB, which produce environmental protection related goods and services and registered in Mainland China before 31 December 2011.
•Variables: A series of variables that can reflect the overall development of the environmental industry. •Survey year: 2011.
• Product classification: – Environmental-protection goods:
equipment, materials, and chemical products for environmental pollution prevention and treatment, ecological protection, and resource recycling, as well as environmental monitoring facilities.
– Environmental-friendly goods: all the products that have earned valid environmental protection labels, energy saving and water saving labels, and organic product labels.
– Resource recycling goods: products that have been certified as resource efficient products.
– Environmental service
The EGSS that can be identified in the Environmental Industry Survey (environmental protection)
可从环保产业调查中识别的 EGSS（环境保护类）
Note: “★” stands for the products that are included in China’s Environmental Industry Survey but not listed in the EGSS framework.
The EGSS that can be identified in the Environmental Industry Survey (resource management)
可从环保产业调查中识别的 EGSS（资源管理类）
Note: “★” stands for the products that are included in China’s Environmental Industry Survey but not listed in the EGSS framework.
Estimating EGSS variables through China’s Environmental Industry Survey
通过环保产业调查核算 EGSS数据
Fill in the standard tables and create relevant figures
Re-group the data of each producer by EGSS features
Identify EGSS variables from the Environmental Industry Survey questionnaires
Re-categorize the products in the Environmental Industry Survey by EGSS features
Major findings 主要发现• The product classification covers a broad range of environmental products and
is specific enough to be re-categorized by EGSS features.• Most of the EGSS variables can be extracted from the Environmental Industry
Survey, even though possible estimations may affect the accuracy.• The major gaps to EGSS framework are:
– The Environmental Industry Survey does not cover the entire EGSS population. The survey does not include small enterprises with an annual production below 2 million RMB; however, a considerable number of environmental companies are small businesses. Moreover, the survey does not measure the following areas. • Integrated technologies.• Environmental specific and connected services in the resource management
domain.• End-of-pipe technologies in the resource management domain.• Connected goods in the resource management domain.• Adapted goods in CEPA 5. • Connected goods in CEPA 7.
– The estimation on producers with multiple types of products may not be accurate and is possible to exert negative effects on the overall results.
– The survey is not performed on a regular basis and lacks standard protocols and long-standing support, hence cannot provide consistent statistics.
Contents
• Project Introduction• China’s environmental industry • China’s regular statistics and EGSS • China’s Environmental Industry Survey and
EGSS • Case Study: Wuhan • Conclusions and suggestions
Introduction 简介• The city of Wuhan, located in Central China, is the capital of Hubei
Province and one of the 10 largest cities in China. 武汉市位于华中地区，是湖北省省会，中国十大城市之一。
• The total production of environmental industry in 2010 was 35 billion RMB, accounting for 6.3% of the total GDP, which is much higher than the national average of 2.76%. 2010年武汉市环保产业产值为 350亿元，占 GDP的 6.3%，高于全国平均的2.76%。
• This case study aims to collect EGSS data mainly through the database of the Environmental Industry Survey in Wuhan. 试点研究的目的主要是通过武汉市环保产业调查收集 EGSS数据。
Identifying the population 识别调查对象
• The membership list of the Wuhan Association of Environmental Protection Industry. 武汉市环保产业协会会员单位。
• Searching by key words from the local Yellow Pages and the Internet. 通过当地黄页或网络关键词搜索。
• 315 units were identified to receive the full survey. 总共调查 315家单位。
Data collection 数据收集• Most of the information that is needed in compiling EGSS data
can be extracted from the original forms of the Environmental Industry Survey.大部分 EGSS所需的信息都可通过环保产业调查的原始报表获得。
• The value added was estimated by the sum of wages, net product tax, depreciation of fixed capital, and surplus from profits. 增加值数据是通过劳动者报酬、生产税净额、固定资产折旧和营业盈余之和获得。
• All the data were collected by organizations instead of establishments, making it hard to process data for organizations that produce more than one type of product. We divided the organizational statistics evenly to each type of product.所有数据都是以法人单位为单位收集而不是产业活动单元，难以将生产多种产品的生产商的数据分离到每一个产品。此研究中我们是采取平均分配的方法。
Data analysis—Turnover 数据分析 -营业收入
EP and RM turnover, percentage of total turnover (left); EGSS turnover by environmental domain, percentage of total turnover (right)
The total EGSS turnover of Wuhan is 111.105 billion RMB, among which 92% is from environmental protection (EP) activities and 8% is from resource management (RM) activities.
The EGSS turnover by type of output, RMB billions
Data analysis—Value added 数据分析 -增加值
The total EGSS value added in Wuhan is 107.673 billion RMB. Similar to turnover, the percentage of EP activities is much higher than that of RM activities.
EP and RM value added, percentage of total value added (left); EGSS value added by environmental domain, percentage of total value added (right)
Data analysis—Employment 数据分析 -就业The total employment in Wuhan is 54 thousand full-time euqivalents. The EP activities contribute to 77% of the total employment and RM activities contribute to 23%.
EP and RM employment, percentage of total employment (left); EGSS employment by environmental domain, percentage of total employment (right)
Data analysis—Export 数据分析 -出口
The total EGSS export in Wuhan is 184 million USD. The EP export is slightly higher than the RM export in this case.
EP and RM export, percentage of total export
Contents
• Project Introduction• China’s environmental industry • China’s regular statistics and EGSS • China’s Environmental Industry Survey and
EGSS • Case Study: Wuhan • Conclusions and suggestions
Conclusions 结论• China’s current published statistics can hardly provide
consistent, detailed, and reliable data for EGSS framework due to the lack of emphasis on environmental industry accounting and the differences in product classification and data collection approach.
• China’s Environmental Industry Survey led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection can provide valuable information for EGSS data collection, and the data can be extracted from the survey by linking the product code with EGSS classification. The case study in Wuhan shows the feasibility of this method, even though there remain many technical problems to be resolved.
•The major problems and challenges for collecting EGSS data in China include:
– The environmental monetary accounting in China is at a very early stage, and the classification system and indicators are far different from international standards.
– The population in the Environmental Industry Survey is smaller than what EGSS needs. Most of the surveyed products are environmental protection goods and services, and the products related to resource management are limited.
– The Environmental Industry Survey is not performed on a regular basis, and lacks institution support. The survey was conducted only in the year 1993, 2000, 2004, and 2011, and there is no clear sign of the next survey.
•It is challenging to collect consistent and complete EGSS data in the near run. However, there is a good chance for EGSS framework in the long run since the government is intended to build the statistical system for emerging industries including environmental industry.
Suggestions on improving EGSS framework 对于改进 EGSS统计框架的建议
• Include more variables that can reflect the overall development of environmental industry.
• Create a product classification standard of EGSS. The product classification and standards may vary in different countries.
• Provide a guideline for data quality control and assessment.
