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Study Skills: Making Your Study Efficiency & Effective 朱朱朱朱朱 ChunLin J. Ju, Psy.D. February 27, 2008.

Study Skills: Making Your Study Efficiency & Effective 朱春林博士 ChunLin J. Ju, Psy.D. February 27, 2008

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Study Skills: Making Your Study Efficiency & Effective

朱春林博士 ChunLin J. Ju, Psy.D.February 27, 2008.

Dr. Juno

Instructor: 朱春林博士 ChunLin J. Ju, Psy.D.

學 歷:佛瑞斯特專業心理學院臨床心理博士班畢業 (Doctorate in clinical psychology in Forest Institute of Professional Psychology, MO, USA)執 照:臨床心理師 ( 心理字第 000651 號 )(Licensed Clinical Psychologist) 現 職:銘傳大學諮商與工商心理系/所助理教授 臨床心理諮詢顧問、督導 興 趣:兒青心理病理、注意力缺陷與過動症、適應障礙、自閉症、妥瑞氏症、焦慮 症、憂鬱症、躁鬱症、人格疾患、心理諮詢與督導、心理治療、心理衡鑑、 專業倫理、遊戲治療、砂盤治療、催眠、哀傷諮商、談判協商、女性主義、 性/別/性取向議 題經 歷:西肯塔基州立精神病院 (Doctoral Intern, Western State Hospital, KY, USA)

培尼羅伊心理健康中心兒青診所、成人診所 (Doctoral Intern, Pennyroyal Mental Health Center, Children’s Clinic, Adult Clinic, KY, USA) 佛瑞斯特學院診所 (Psychological Trainee, Forest Institute Clinic, MO, USA) 交通/清華大學諮商中心、台積電、世界先進、外貿協會特約心理治療師

青輔會、北市勞工局特約生涯諮商師 新竹教育大學、文化大學與多所企業講師聯 絡: (02)2882-4564e5080 [email protected]

Dr. Juno

Topic Covered

• Time management

• Reading strategies

• Maximize learning in class

• Coping with quizzes and examinations

• Overcome procrastination

• Tips for success

Dr. Juno

Organizing Your Time

• You will have a large amount of work to do in a limited amount of time. In this situation, you need to use your time effectively.

• Make yourself a weekly study schedule. • Allot specified periods of time each day for

studying.– Undergraduates can assume they will need to spend

at least two hours studying for each one hour they spend in class.

– Graduate students can assume at least three hours.

• Look at the course syllabi and notice reading and writing assignments.

Dr. Juno

Organizing Time (cont’d)

• Fill out the semester schedule including: – Due dates for papers, exams, quizzes, Labs,

thesis, paperwork for internships, etc. – Dates for extra-curricular events, job fairs

and interviews – Days off and prior commitments

• Post your semester schedule somewhere visible – For example, you could post it above your

computer or keep it in your date book

Dr. Juno

Reading Effectively

• To draw the main points from a large number of readings, here are some things you can do:– Skim– Read– Question– Review

Dr. Juno

Reading Effectively

– Skim: "Skimming" means looking over a reading quickly, paying attention to the table of contents, the titles of the chapters, the headings of the various sections of the chapter, the "topic sentences" that begin most paragraphs, and the summary paragraphs or sections.

Dr. Juno

Reading Effectively (cont’d)

– Read: • Go over the material again, this time more

carefully, looking for the main points, the conclusions, the contentions.

• Write notes about the main points, following the outline of the reading itself.

Dr. Juno

Reading Effectively (cont’d)

– Questions: • Rather than passively accepting what the

writer has written, ask yourself questions.

• "Why is the writer saying this?"

• "What is the evidence for that?"

• "Does that agree with what this same writer said earlier, or with what another writer on the same subject said?"

Dr. Juno

Reading Effectively (cont’d)

– Review: • Skim it again.

• Look at your notes again.

• Try to retain in your mind the main points.

Dr. Juno

Deriving as Much as Possible from Classes

• Since attendance and participation in classes is such an important part of the academic system here, it is prudent to try to gain as much from your classes as you can.

Dr. Juno

Maximize Learning in Class

• Read in advance: Do the reading before the class so you will understand the lecture better.

• Take notes: – Write down the main points that the lecturer

makes. – Many lecturers will use phrases that will help

you identify the points they think are important and that you should therefore note.

Dr. Juno

Maximize Learning (cont’d)

• Review: – After class, go over your notes. – Fill in things you left out. – Mark things you still have questions about.– Before the next class, spend 10-15 minutes

reviewing your notes from the previous class.

Dr. Juno

Maximize Learning (cont’d)

• Get help if you need it. – Talk to the teacher or the graduate teaching

assistant. – Try to find another student in the class who

seems to understand better and who is willing to answer your questions.

– Consider going to the office of the appropriate academic department to see if they can help you identify a tutor.

Dr. Juno

Maximize Learning (cont’d)

• Try not to be discouraged: – Freshman or international students, especially new

ones, will inevitably have some difficulties understanding what is happening in at least some of their classes.

– Many things contribute to this: The teacher talks too fast and/or does not give well organized presentations; fellow students' comments are incomprehensible because they use so much slang; the entire setting seems strange and confusing.

– As time passes and you have more experience, these difficulties will diminish. Be patient.

Dr. Juno

Coping with Quizzes and Examinations

• Keep up to date on your studies.

• Schedule time to review.

• Before the test, go over your notes from lectures and readings.

• Try to anticipate what the instructor will ask on the test by recalling the points that were emphasized during lectures.

Dr. Juno

Coping with Quizzes and Examinations (cont’d)

• Rest before the test: Most people perform better on tests if they have had adequate sleep the night before.

• Read test instructions carefully: – Notice how much time you have, what

choices you have among questions, and which questions count more than others.

– Notice whether you are allowed to use scratch paper, calculators, or dictionaries. Follow instructions carefully.

Dr. Juno

Coping with Quizzes and Examinations (cont’d)

• Schedule your time:– Decide how much time you can afford to

spend on each question. – Avoid spending all your time on only one or a

few of the questions.

Dr. Juno

Smart Tips

• S = Specific – Vague: "Read Kant for two hours." (Any goal

exceeding 1.5 hours of study should be broken into smaller goals.)

– Specific: "Read 4 pages of Kant in an hour and prepare a thought for class"

• M = Measurable – Not Measurable: "Study for Chemistry Exam for 8

hours." – Measurable: "Work problems from 5 chapters for 45

minutes each."(Short, measurable goals will help you stay on track.)

Dr. Juno

Smart Tips (cont’d)

• A = Attainable – Not Attainable: "Study 40 hours every week outside

class." – Attainable: "Study 20 hours every week outside

class and save my extra energy for final's week."

• R = Realistic – Unrealistic: "Get Straight A's this quarter." (You

cannot control everything that will affect your grade.) – Realistic: "Go to all classes. Study 3 hours per day."

Dr. Juno

Smart Tips (cont’d)

• T = Timely – Not Timely: "I'll start my paper tomorrow." – Timely: "Today, I can read the essay

questions and pick my topic."

• T = Take a break! – Continue your previous hobbies and

interests, even if the time spent on them needs to be reduced.

– Take regular breaks. Study for only 45 – 90 minute intervals.

Dr. Juno

Smart Tips (cont’d)

• I = Invigorate yourself! – Continue to exercise and socialize. – Study with a group or meet a friend to study.

• P = Plan your study space! – Study in a space that works for you. If you

are distracted or unproductive studying at home or in the library, go to a coffee shop, for instance.

Dr. Juno

Smart Tips (cont’d)

• S = Set your priorities! – Set your priorities every week, and then re-

examine your priorities every day. – Work on high priority work first. – Make tough decisions and stick by them.

– Are you researching your paper endlessly? Start writing instead and find out in that way whether more research is required.

– Does a problem set need to be done tomorrow? Take a rain check on that coffee date and study with your friend instead.

Smart Tips (cont’d)

• S = Specific

• M = Measurable

• A = Attainable

• R = Realistic

• T = Timely

• T = Take a break

• I = Invigorate yourself

• P = Plan your study space

• S = Set your priorities Dr. Juno

Dr. Juno

Are You A Procrastinator?

• I feel busy and rushed in life.

• I am concerned with my final output rather than the process of completing work.

Dr. Juno

A Procrastinator? (cont’d)

• Even though I worry about my final output, I can't seem to get to work on the most essential activities needed to complete an assignment.

• I am concerned with, sometimes even anxious about, what others think of my work and me.

• I believe I have to write when I'm inspired and study when I'm in the mood.

Dr. Juno

A Procrastinator? (cont’d)

• I don't plan concretely for when and how I will complete an assignment.

• I don't deal with time well: I have a whole week to complete a task, but the week gets away from me.

• I feel annoyed by the pressure to be orderly and on time.

Dr. Juno

A Procrastinator? (cont’d)

• I work in binges, putting in two hours or more per work session, but then I have difficulty doing much the next day.

• I don't seek information or feedback from peers and superiors very frequently.

• I spend less time on socializing, recreation, and rest than I would like.

Dr. Juno

Overcoming Procrastination

• Slow down! It's ironic, but it works. Think about what you are about to do and plan for the most efficient way to accomplish the task.

• Work in brief, daily sessions lasting one-half hour to ninety minutes.

• Begin before you feel ready.

Dr. Juno

Overcoming Procrastination (cont’d)

• Stop! After a reasonable amount of time, put the work aside whether or not it is finished.

• When writing, balance preliminaries such as collecting material, organizing, and conceptual outlining with actual writing.

• Talk back to self-defeating thinking and habits.

Dr. Juno

Overcoming Procrastination (cont’d)

• Manage your emotions: Work in a relaxed mood at a moderate pace.

• Moderate attachment and reactions to your work. (Procrastinators tend to become attached to their ideas quickly. Think of your work as a work in progress. Give yourself time to let ideas germinate rather than drawing conclusions too early.)

Dr. Juno

Overcoming Procrastination (cont’d)

• Let others, even critics, do some of the work.

• Limit wasted effort: For example, if you sit down to work and find yourself distracted, stop and take care of whatever is bothering you.

Concluding Remarks

Dr. Juno

Becoming A Successful Student

• Improve your productivity: Study smarter not harder.

• Maintain motivation

Dr. Juno

Improve Your Productivity: Study Smarter Not Harder

• Study in short bursts of 30 to 90 minutes, then take a long break.

• Plan your study sessions: What will you accomplish in the next study session?

• Motivate yourself with fun breaks: "I will finish this problem in 30 minutes and then go to the house coffee hour."

Dr. Juno

Study Smarter Not Harder (cont’d)

• Manage procrastination by doing a little bit at a time. – Feeling overwhelmed by work is the number

one reason for procrastination!

• Plan to study between 18 and 22 hours per week in typical weeks.

Dr. Juno

Study Smarter Not Harder (cont’d)

• Study consistently: 3 hours per day, broken into 90 minute study sessions, is more productive and efficient than a 15 hour binge on the weekend.

• Work on high priority tasks first!

Dr. Juno

Maintain Motivation

• The academic year is a marathon, not a sprint. – Take time to take care of yourself so that you

have the energy for spring final exams. – Plan relaxation, exercise, social activities, or

a fun event to look forward to.

Dr. Juno

Maintain Motivation (cont’d)

• Keep a positive attitude: – For example, plan to improve over the year

rather than hoping to start out as a star student.

– Or, if you score lower than you would have like on an exam, pat yourself on the back for working hard and remember that you will improve over time.

Dr. Juno

Maintain Motivation (cont’d)

• Don't spend valuable energy scolding yourself over past efforts. – Get organized now and focus on your current

efforts.

Dr. Juno

Q & A