1. 英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2. 定义 . 用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。

一：虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的 ,是与事实相符的。

1.If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma.

非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 与事实相反的情况。

2. If I were a bird, I would fly to America.

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在过去未来

条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在过去未来

过去时（ were ）过去完成时

Would/could/should/might +V.（原）Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. 过去时

2.should+V.

3. were to do

would/could/should/might +V.（原）

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。

1.If I ____ HIV, I __________ know because I would feel sick.2.If I _____ you, I ______________ give

AIDS patient a hug.3. If I ________ your advice, I

___________ (make) a mistake.4. If he ________ there, it _________________(happen).

had would/should/could/might

were would/should/could/might

had taken

wouldn’t have made

had been

wouldn’t have happened.

5.If it __________ tomorrow, they _______________________ go for an

outing.6. If we ________ have three days off , we ___________________ enjoy a very happy life.

should rain

wouldn’t/shouldn’t/couldn’t/mightn’t

were to

would/should/could/might

虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。If you ____________ the teacher’s advice, you

__________ (be) in the hospital now.

had followed

wouldn’t be

If I were you, I would have told him the news yesterday. ( 从句与现在事实相反 , 主句与过去事实相反 ).

3. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有 should ， were ， had 三个助动词可以把 if 省略，并将这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.

_______________ , I would give it up.

If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

_________________________ , we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

Were I you

Were it not for your advice

If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.

_____________________ , I would have run round that lake again.

If there should be a flood, what should we do?

_________________________ , what should we do?

Had I had time

Should there be a flood

4. 可以用介词短语代替条件从句 : Without your help, we shouldn't have succeeded. (= If it hadn't been for your help,...) But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier. (= If it hadn't been for the storm,...)

I would go abroad but that I’m short of money.

I am busy now; otherwise I would go with you .=If I were not busy now, I…I was busy; otherwise I would have given you more help.=If I hadn’t been busy, I…

If it were not for the fact that you are ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

二：虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用1.Wish 的宾语从句

现在：过去：将来：

过去时（ were ）过去完成时would/could/might+V.

1.I wish I ______ a bird. （现在）2.I wish I ____________ such a mistake. （过去）3.We wish our parents _______________ us.

（将来）

were

hadn’t made

wouldn’t punish

2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。1.insist 2. order, command

3. advise, suggest, propose(recommend)

4. demand , require, request, desire, ask,urge

should + 动词原形，或者将 should 省略。

我们建议 Tom 去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom (should)have a rest.He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the prisoners

(should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to

work there.

注 :⑴insist 表示“坚决认为某种事实” , suggest 表示“暗示 , 使联想”时 , 用陈述语气 :He insisted that he was right.His look suggests that he is angry.

⑵ 由上述动词构成的名词 , 如带有表语从句或同位语从句 , 其谓语也用 "(should)+ 动词原形 ": My suggestion is that we (should) go there as soon as possible. The officer gave orders that all the soldiers (should) get there before sunset.

虚拟语气的特殊句式

It’s (about/high) time +that --- 过去时你该走了。

我们该去睡觉了。

It’s high time that you went.

.

It’s time that we went to bed.

Would rather that 现在：过去：未来：

I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you came

tomorrow.

过去时

过去时过去完成时

as if /though + Clause 现在：过去：

过去时过去完成时

He looks as if he were drunk.

They talked as if they had been friends for years.

She loves the baby as if it were her own son.

It seems as if it were spring.

I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.

Even if/even though

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（ should ） + 动词原形

It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.

It is strange that she should refuse to come to the party.

It’s necessary that we should study hard.

1.It is suggested(ordered, requested, Proposed, desired...) that 的结构中 , 谓语动词用 "should+动词原形 "(should可省略 ):  

It was suggested that the work should be done at once.

without 和 but for 构成虚拟。 but for 要不是Without sunlight, people’s life would be

different from today.

But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.

Without your help, I would have failed.

But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.

某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him!

God bless you!

May you succeed!

Long live the People’s Republic of China!