Subjunctive mood & vocabulary

1. Far ____it from me to spoil the fun.

A. was B. be C. is D. were

答案： B

Far be it from me to ( 我极不愿 ) , 属于公式化语句。还有以下几种常见的例子，这些公式化语句可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义：

So be it !( 但愿如此 / 就这样吧！ ) ； Heaven forbid ！ ( 天理不容！ ) ； Long live the People’s Republic of China!

答案： C

本句表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟： Should you have further problems 其实是从 If you should have further problems 转化而来的，通常这类从句后面的主句的谓语用祈使语气或陈述语气。由于本题地主句正是祈使句，从句显然应该由 should 引导，故 C 是正确答案。若答案为 A ，则主句谓语要用虚拟语气“ would + 动词原形”，而不用祈使语气。 D 项 In case “ 万一，以免，以防”后面一般跟现在时或者“ should + 动词原形”。

2.____you____further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.

A.If, had B. Have, had

C. Should, have D. In case, had

3. It is absolutely essential that William ___ his study in spite of some learning difficulties. A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues

答案： C It is essential that... 句型中， that 引导的从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“ should + 动词原形”， should 可以省略。故C 为正确选项。 It isvital/necessary/important/urgent/imperative/desirable/advisable/natural/essential + that +(should) 动词原形

4. It’s high time we ____ cutting down the rainforests.A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop

答案： AIt is (high) time (that) 是一个虚拟句型，谓语动词用一般过去时，故选 A 。注意：句型 It is the first (second/third) time that… 表示一种经历， that 从句要使用完成时态。

5. If only the patient ___ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had received B. received

C. should receive D. were receiving

答案： A If only 常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中。由于所提事实与过 去事实相反，所以用过去完成时，选A 。

6. ___ both sides accept the agreement ___ a lasting peace be established in the region.A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would

答案： A 只有双方都接受协约才能在该地区建立起持久的和平关系。Only if 引导状语从句置于句首时，主句需倒装， A 符合题意。而 if only 主用于感叹句，常见于虚拟语气，表示“要是……就好了”，不用于条件句中，因此在这句话里并不合适。 Should 置于句首，相当于省略 if 的条件句，表示语气的不确定性，但主句部分并不倒装，因此 C 不合适；同样， D 也没有倒装用法，因此不符合题意。

7. She intends to move that the committee ___ discussion on this issue.A. suspends B. suspend C. suspended D. will suspend

答案： BMove 在这里是“提议”的意思。当由表示建议、命令、要求（如 suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, urge 等）的动词及它们的派生词引出有关宾语从句、同位语从句时，其从句均需使用虚拟式谓语动词，即“（ should+ ）原形动词”。

8. Mr. White ___ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

答案： A 本题考虚拟语气及责备的用法，全句谈的是过去的事，故应使用 should have done 结构，表原本该做而没做的事。

9. If we had heard of her arrival, we ___ her to our house for meal.A. had invited B. should invite C. should have invited D. would invite

答案： C 根据从句中的 had heard of… ，可判断出此句是对过去情况的虚拟，其主句应用 should/would/could/might + have done 结构。

10.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If I ___ your advice. A follow B had followed C would follow D have follow

答案： B

本题考查的事非真实条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以用过去完成时。

11.I wish I ___ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A have slept B had slept

C might have slept D could have slept

答案 : D本题考查的事 wish 后宾语从句的虚拟语气，因为是过去的虚拟，而且又是在主句中，所以选择 Dcould have done: 本可以做却没做某事，强调“本来可以”；

might have done: 可能已经作了某事，强调猜测。

12.“You have made some mistakes.”

“I wish I ___ mistakes every day”

A don't make B haven’t made

C wouldn’t have made D didn’t make

答案： D此题容易错选 C ，但是 wish 引导的从句带有表示现在时间的副词短语 every day ，是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。

13.___ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving D Were they to arrive

答案： D 本题考查的是非真实条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。If sb/sth were to do 结构表示与将来事实相反或不太可能发生的事，因为省略了 if ，所以必须倒装， were 提前。

14.If we have been more careful, we ___ much better results now.A would be getting B would have got C got D had got

答案： A本题考查的是错综时间的虚拟条件句。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在情况相反。根据意思可知，是因为以前我们不细心，因而现在取得的结果不大好。在主，从句所指的时间各不相同的情况下，主，从谓语动词的虚拟语气要做相应的调整。此外，主句 would 后加不定式的进行时，也可以是动作更加生动形象。

15.___, I will marry him all the same.A Were he rich or poor B Being rich or poor C Whether rich or poor D Be he rich or poor

答案： D本题考查 whether it/(he) be…or …特殊形式的虚拟用法，其省略结构为 be it…or… 。 Whether it/(he) be…or… 意为无论是…还是…表示让步，是虚拟语气的一种表达方法，而且省略句必须倒装。

16.He would gain weight but he ___ enough.A wouldn’t eat B didn’t eat C doesn’t eat D hadn’t eaten

答案： C第一部分（主句）为跳层式节后， weight 后面省略了 if he ate enough. 即“ He would gain enough weight if he ate enough” 表示与现在事实相反的假想。 but 后面是一个表示目前事实的陈述句，应该用陈述语气。所以用 C 而不是 D

由 16,17俩道题我们可以总结出： (1)would + 动词原形 + but 接现在陈述句 ———表示同现

在事实相反的假设 (2) would + have 动词过去分词 + but 接过去陈述句 ——

表示同过去事实相反的假想

17. I would have gone with you but I ___ too tired.A were B had been C was D have been

答案： C同上，本题也是考查的一个跳层结构。 you 后省略了 if I had not been so tired, 表示同过去事实相反的假想。

18.If the sun ___ rise in the west, my love for you would still be unchanged.A should B were C were to D shall

答案： C 由题意可知，本题表示一个绝不可能实现的假想，were + 不定式 比 should + 动词原形所表示的实现可能性更小，在此句中更为恰当。

19. ____ the English exam I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

答案： B

假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如 but for, but that, without, 由连词 but, 副词 otherwise,比较级，形容词，独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，即若不是因为英语考试我本可以去音乐会

20. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped____.

A. him calling me B. that he would call me

C. him to call me D. that he call me 答案： B had hoped 是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚

拟语气的句型，虚拟语气 would+ 动词原形

21.Looking round the town, he felt as though he ____ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 答案： D felt 是过去式，所以该句是由 as though 引导

的与过去相反的虚拟

22.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand,____ all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost

C. might lose D. ought to have lost

答案： B

句子中含有一个省略 if, 把助动词提前到主语 they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生情况的假设

23. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material ________ to its burning temperature.

A. is heated B. will be heated

C. would be heated D. be heated

答案： D

因为 requirement 后的表语从句的谓语要用“ (should +) 动词原形”； material(材料 ) 与 heat( 加热 ) 是被动关系，用被动语态，所以是 be heated 。

24. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he ________ an Englishman.

A. were B. would be

C. have been D. had been

答案： A

因为 Wang Ling 是中国人的名字，显然不是英国人，所以 as if 从句的谓语要用与现在事实相反的情况，所以用were 。

25.Most insurance agents would rather you_____ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

答案： D

would rather 后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。

26.I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her. A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak 答案： D would as soon 引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式 .

27.Without electricity human life ________ quite different today.

A. is B. will be

C. would have been D. would be 答案： D 因为介词短语 without… 表示与现在事实相反的情况，所

以用 would be 。

28. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came

C. would have come D. had come

答案： C

因为句中 otherwise (否则 ) 表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以用 would have done 。

29. I apologize if I ____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended

答案： B 以主句中的动词 apologize(抱歉 ) 来看， if 从句中表达

的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除 A 。 C 中 should+have+ 过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。 D 选项中的 might+have+ 过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，因此此处也不合题意。 B 中 had offended 表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句： apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。

30. He’s working hard for fear that he ____. A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

答案： A

注意词组 for fear that 是以免，以防的意思，相当于 lest或者 in case .lest 引导的目的状语从句是要虚拟的 . 但 in case 不用虚拟的．把它看成 lest. 虚拟的方式就是 should＋动词原形． should + 动词原形 表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，这个事实是完全可能发生的。 would+ 动词原形 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设。他努力工作 /学习，以免落人后。

31.Do you own your apartment or are you a ______?

A. tenant B. customer

C. client D. proprietor

答案： A

你的公寓是你买下的还是租的？ tenant 有房客，租户的意思，符合题意； customer 指

（具体商店的）顾客； client 是专业服务如律师或银行服务的委托人、主顾； proprietor 指的是（生意、发明等的）所有人，老板。

32.The company has capitalized _______ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.

A. in B. over C. with D. on

答案： D 公司由于其生意竞争对手的错误判断而获利。固定搭配。 Capitalize on 利用（别人的错误获利），介词后往往接 error ， mistake 一类的词。

33.When he first started in university, he really felt at ______ with his major——economics.

A. shore B. bank

C. ocean D. sea

答案： D

当他刚开始进入大学学习时，他对他的专业——经济学——真的感到不知所措。

口语中， at sea （ with sth. ）表示不知所措，茫然，困惑。

34.The scientists have made an ______ study of the viruses that cause the disease.

A. exhausted B. exhausting

C. exhaustive D. exhaustion

答案： C

Exhaustive 是形容词，意为彻底的，包揽无遗的，符合题意。 Exhausted 意为筋疲力尽的， exhausting 意为使……筋疲力尽的。

35.On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ______ towards them.

A.considerable B. considering C. considerate D. considered

答案： C 在路上，驾驶汽车的人应该留意骑自行车的人并为他们着想。 Considerate 指体贴的，为他人考虑的，符合题意。 Consi

derable 指相当大的，重要的。 B 、 D 分别是 consider的现在分词和过去分词，用于句中句意都不通。

36.Come on, Jack, tell me the story. Don’t keep me in ______.

A. suspense B. suspending C. suspension D. suspender

答案： A

好啦，杰克，把过程跟我说说，不要吊我的胃口。 Suspense 指因不了解后面的进展而感到激动、紧张，

即悬念，常用于短语 keep/hold sb. in suspense 中。Suspending 是 suspend 的动名词，意为延迟； suspension 指暂令停职，停学，停赛等。 Suspender 常用复数形式，指（裤子的）吊带。

37.It was strange that she would _________ such an absurd idea.

A. allow B. stick C. take D. entertain

答案： D 她竟然怀有如此荒谬的想法，这非常奇怪。 Allow “ 容许”，常用于 allow sb. sth., allow sb./sth. to d

o sth. 结构，不符合题意。 Stick 可理解为“坚持（立场）”，此时是不及物动词，必须与 to连用，故形式不符。Take 指持有或怀有（某种想法、意见等），如 take the view. Entertain 指心里或感情上怀有某事物，如 entertain ideas/doubts 等。与 idea连用时，一般更倾向与用 entertain 。

38.A very comfortable couch was placed at the ________of the visitors.

A. cost B. disposal

C. mercy D. sight

答案： B

一张很舒适的躺椅放在那儿任凭来访者使用。 At the cost of 意为“以……为代价”； at the mercy

of 意为“任凭……摆布，在……面前无能为力”； at the sight of 意为“一看见……”； at the disposal of 意为“任凭……使用”。

39.It is important that people be able to draw a ________between the policies of the leaders and the views of their supporters.

A. division B. difference C. distinction D. comparison

答案： C 人们应该具备把领导人的政策与他们的支持者的想法区分开来的能力，这很重要。

to make/draw a distinction between X and Y 表示区分X 和 Y ； division 意为把一个东西分开； X and Y make a/no difference 表示 A 与 B 有 /无区别； comparison表示比较，对比。因本句指一种能力， comparison放进去不合适。

40.“Are you ready?”

“Why should I be ready when you are not?” she _______.

A. exclaimed B. said C. repeated D. retorted

答案： D

retort 意为“反驳，回嘴”放在本句意思最合适。 Say 在此不能传达出她说这话时对问话人地情绪。 Exclaim 表示（由于惊讶或其他强烈情感而）惊叫，呼喊； repeat 意为重复说。