Subsurface Pumping System

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SUBSURFACE PUMPING SYSTEM

November, 2003

DEO PREDUZE]A ZA ISTRA@IVAWE I PROIZVODWU NAFTE,PRIRODNOG GASA, PODZEMNIH VODA I GEOTERMALNE

ENERGIJENOVI SAD, NARODNOG FRONTA 12

OD TEHNI^KI SERVISI Pogon O D R @ A V A NJ E ZRENJANIN Beo radska 26


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Subsurface pumping system

SUBSURFACE PUMPING SYSTEM

The subsurface pumping system consists of a great number of different elements composedinto one piece, with the purpose of crude oil lifting to the surface.

NAFTAGAS- ODR@AVANJE 2

SUBSURFACE PUMPINGSYSTEM EQUIPMENT


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The system is designed for being used in different conditions, which depends on well depth, reservoir pressure (hydrostatic level), oil components (sand, water, gas, salts, etc.). It also has to be reliable andeasy to handle and maintain.

The error on either of its parts will result in the system shutdown, where expensive repairshould be necessary and the possible oil production loss may occur.

NA TA!A" has used its long experience in oil production with suc#er rod surface pumps forthe complete subsurface pumping system e$uipment design and manufacturing process.

Today, NA TA!A" with %&& subsurface pumping systems covers the following'

*+I - NT AN A/T" "I!NIN!*+I - NT AN A/T" -AN+ A0T+/IN!*+I - NT -AINT NAN0 '

/ !+1A/ -AINT NAN0 / 2 NTI2 -AINT NAN0

- /! N03 -AINT NAN0" A/ A/T" -AN+ A0T+/IN!"+4"+/ A0 +- IN! *+I - NT 56/762 /

NA TA!A" has been using A I and I"6 standards and recommendations for subsurface pumpinge$uipment designing and maintenance as well as the experiences of the world manufacturers in orderto gain optimal economic efficiency.

The production program of NA TA!A" consists of the following'

! PUMPING UNITS2! P"#IS$E% R"%S&! SUC'ER R"%S(! SUC'ER R"% C"UP#INGS)! SUC'ER R"% CENTRA#IZERS6! SEA#ING $EA%S*! P"#IS$E% P"% C#AMPS + ! P"#IS$E% R"% $ANGER ! %YNAM"METER $ARNESS

-! SAFETY .A#.ES! CASING/F#"0 #INE S$"RT C"NNECTI"N

2! SUBSURFACE PUMPING 0E## $EA% EQUIPMENT&! SUBSURFACE PUMPING CENTRE(! SUBSURFACE PUMPS)! GAS ANC$"RS6! TUBING ANC$"R *! REM"TE PUMPING UNIT C"NTR"# AN% "PERATI"N



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! PUMPING UNIT

A! %ESIGNING

NA TA!A" has been producing pumping units of its original construction for more than 8&

years, while those constructed according to the re$uirements of A I 99 "tandard, for 9& years.The manufacturing process includes the pumping units given in table 9.According to the purchaser:s re$uest, we offer other pumping unit types as well.

.

Table 9.

T 0;NI0A10;A/A0T /I"TI0"

+nit ofmeasur.

+- IN! +NIT T3? 9>& 9@ 88< 89 8& 8%> 9&&

-aximum outputreducer tor$ue

lb.in &&&& 88&

olished rod loadlb 99=&& 9@ && 89 && 8%>&& N % && @@&&& =??B?%B8%,% B@?B> B%9 B@ B>&B?@ 9&&B8%B99?&B@&& 89


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B!MANUFACTURING PR"CESS

or the needs of oil production in 3ugoslavia, %& pumping units of different type and capacityhave been manufactured.

C! MAINTENANCE

NA TA!A" maintains %&& pumping units of different type and capacity'0apacity' %, @, =, 99 t.Types' 2+10AN, -A6 TC +N, 5+ 1 1, 1 !/AN A- /I0ANand NA TA!A"

All #inds of maintenance have been applied'regular (monthly inspection, balancing, lubrication, etc.)preventive (bearing chec#ing, oil $uality control and pumping unit parts inspection)emergency (system failure repair)



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%! SPARE PARTS MANUFACTURING PR"CESS

The spare parts have been carefully manufactured, with the same $uality as that of the original part, which means the same shape, dimensions, high material $uality and control.

E! PUMPING UNIT 0"R'".ER

After a long service life and according to the needs, all pumping units are submitted to thecomplete wor#over in NA TA!A", and they reach their original operation state.

2! P"#IS$E% R"%S

olished rods, manufactured in NA TA!A", meet all there$uirements of A I "pec.994.

The production program includes standard dimensionsB dia' 9 9H?F

( 9., max. 8 ). All suc#er rod coupling types are manufactured.



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)! SUC'ER R"% CENTRA#IZERS

"uc#er rod centraliDers are used for suc#er rod and tubing mechanical protection.

The specific operation of the subsurface pumping system in deviated holesrepresents the additional suc#er rod string stress and polished rod loading.0entraliDer protects the tubing walls from mechanical damages, caused by contact friction between the suc#er rod coupling and tubing wall.

Two types of suc#er rod centraliDers are manufactured' I tightly fixed to the suc#er rod body.(rubber and plastic types). /611 /" a specially designed coupling with small wheels. Instead of

couplings, at critical points /611 /" are installed. They prevent the possible friction occurring between the suc#er rod and tubing wall.

6!SEA#ING $EA%S

The sealing head construction enables safe polished rod movement and prevents from oiloverflow.

"ealings have the dimensions and are constructed in such a manner so as to enable thefollowing' safe hermetic connection

pumping unit centering error tolerancepolished rod lubricationthe possibility of sealing power adJustmenteasy replacement of worn out sealings

"ealing heads are manufactured as a standard product, which has to be conformed to the endingchristmas tree flange.



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*! P"#IS$E% R"% C#AMPS

According to the polished rod dimension ( 8mm), NA TA!A" manufactures and uses Jawtype polished rod clamps of high material $uality.

In a simple way, the polished rod clamp fixes the suc#er rod string at the wanted position,whenever it is needed.

If the construction, material and manufacturing process are properly used, and if the allowedfastening force applied, polished rod clamp enables a long service life, since it does not damage the polished rod.

+! P"#IS$E% R"% $ANGER

The pumping unit wire line and polished rod connection is a safely constructed andmanufactured connection, which guarantees higher strength in all production conditions.

! %YNAM"METER $ARNESS

or the subsurface pumping operation control, mechanical types ofdynamometers are used. NA TA!A" manufactures E /I /I; 1AKT /Ftypes of dynamometer harnesses, with the capacity of'

% to @ t 11 %@ 9

@ to 99 t 11 %@ 8 ynamometer harness enables dynamometer safe instalment, so that it can draw a precisediagram while the pumping unit is in operation, which means during the suc#er rod string movingdownward and upward.

-! SAFETY .A#.ES

or wells, located in an inhabited place, which are pumped by subsurface rod pumps, safety valve isused to enable the safe operating process.Two dimensions of these valves are manufactured and used'

8 9H8F 8&&& "I 2 1!2" 3### PSI

NAFTAGAS- ODR@AVANJE $


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! CASING/F#"0 #INE S$"RT C"NNECTI"N

In wells where gas in casing with its pressure lowers the fluid level in the well, the casing flowline connection is necessary.

epending on the gas $uantity in the well and the production procedure, casing flow line shortconnection is used' with non return valve, which continually enables the flow of gas from casing into the flow

line and not vice versa. with regulating valve, which at the regulated pressure of % % bars lets the gas flow from

casing into flow line.

2! SUBSURFACE PUMPING 0E## $EA% EQUIPMENT

or the exploration process, well head e$uipment (christmas tree) remains as the standardsolution, after one or two gate valves have been removed. "ince, during the subsurface mechanical

pumping process the christmas tree at the well head loses its function, it can be replaced by moresimple and less expensive e$uipment, which enables the necessary safety and at the same time the

producing system is significantly cheaper .

The whole e$uipment has the dimensions and pressure class according to' N>% AN"I >&& /K

(AN"I 4.9>.%).

NAFTAGAS- ODR@AVANJE %


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&! SUBSURFACE PUMP SEATS

"ubsurface pump seats are manufactured according to the subsurface pump type as well as to thetype and dimensions of the tubing. The following types are manufactured'

A with a spring in a subsurface pump seat 4 with a spring on a subsurface pump 0 seat for sealing elements seat for upset and non upset tubing

"eats are manufactured according to the re$uirements of A I "pec 99Ax.

(! SUBSURFACE PUMPS

A! %ESIGNING

According to A I "pec. 99A a documentation for severalsubsurface pump types and dimensions has been #ept.The main manufactured and applied pump types and dimensions are' 8% 98% /;A- 9> ? ? 8% 98% /"A- 9 ? ? 8% 9%& /;A- 9> ? ? 8% 9%& /"A- 9 ? ? 8% 9@% /;AN 9> ? ? 8% 9@% /"A- 9> ? ? 8% 88% T;- 9 ? ?

epending on the exploration conditions, the user can changethe elements of the subsurface pump according to his choice.ifferent well conditions such as depth, specific gravity,

viscosity and temperature re$uire different elements and tolerancesfrom those that are recomended here. These dimensions are for normal,general conditions and mediate depths.

B! MANUFACTURING PR"CESS

To enable a long subsurface pump life, corrosion and wear out proof material should be usedand high $uality machining and each part control be applied.

C! 0"R'".ER

"ubsurface pump wor#over is being completely done according to A I / 99A/ with definedsubsurface pump operation registering system.

NA TA!A" has built its long experience in subsurface wor#over of the following types andmanufacturers'

N!29 8B N!29


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)! GAS ANC$"RS

In the case of free gas occurring in the well, a gas anchor should be installed atthe tubing string bottom.

There are two types of gas anchors manufactured in NA TA!A"'a) ipe type (made of one part) b) late type (made of segments)

NA TA!A" manufactures gas anchors for the casing of % 9H8F(9 =.@ mm) andfor the tubing of 8 @H


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*! REM"TE PUMPING UNIT C"NTR"# AN% "PERATI"N

The aim of the remote pumping unit control and operation is to'systematically solve the problem of oil productionsystematically control the well operation as well as the subsurface pump e$uipmentoptimise the well operation during subsurface pumpingincrease the inter wor#over period and decrease the number of wor#over interventions.

This system is planned to follow the subsurface and pumping unit operation on an oil field of%#m ,and the siDes which are controlled can be analysed on 0 computers in a control room and

placed in data base as well.The system enables the operation control and protection from overload and brea#down, as well

as remotely controlled turning on and off.

-easured properties'olished rod forceolished rod stro#electric motor power



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ressure in flow linelow through the system

5ell fluid level-easuring is continually done with cycling recording and memorising.

"oftware enables the correct acceptance, digital conversion of the measured data andmemorising. The system enables the operation under 5IN 65" NT operating system.


Documents

Subsurface Pumping System