46
LIMBA ENGLEZA Traim intr-un secol al comunicarii. Indiferent de locul in care ne aflam, suntem permanent conectati cu lumea. La scoala, la serviciu sau in calatorii avem nevoie de cunoasterea limbii engleze pentru a putea comunica oriunde, cu oricine, in cele mai diverse scopuri. Tocmai de aceea, cursul de comunicare in limba engleza este propus pentru toti aceia care vor sa se bucure de cunoasterea celei mai utilizare limbi din lume si sa o foloseasca in mod curent. Structura cursului permite asimilarea rapida a cuvintelor noi si a elementelor gramaticale, astfel incat participantii la ore, intr-o perioada de timp relativ scurta, sa poata sustine o conversatie uzuala pe teme de interes general. Modul 1 Formule de salut-Greetings Hello; Good morning; Good afternoon; Good evening; Good night; Good bye; Introduction: Hello! How are you? My name is..../What’s your name?/How old are you?/Where are you from? Numeralul cardinal : 1

Suport Curs

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

engleza incepatori

Citation preview

LIMBA ENGLEZATraim intr-un secol al comunicarii. Indiferent de locul in care ne aflam, suntem permanent conectati cu lumea. La scoala, la serviciu sau in calatorii avem nevoie de cunoasterea limbii engleze pentru a putea comunica oriunde, cu oricine, in cele mai diverse scopuri. Tocmai de aceea, cursul de comunicare in limba engleza este propus pentru toti aceia care vor sa se bucure de cunoasterea celei mai utilizare limbi din lume si sa o foloseasca in mod curent.Structura cursului permite asimilarea rapida a cuvintelor noi si a elementelor gramaticale, astfel incat participantii la ore, intr-o perioada de timp relativ scurta, sa poata sustine o conversatie uzuala pe teme de interes general.Modul 1Formule de salut-GreetingsHello; Good morning; Good afternoon; Good evening; Good night; Good bye;Introduction:Hello! How are you?My name is..../Whats your name?/How old are you?/Where are you from?Numeralul cardinal :

zero = zero = 0one = unu = 1two = doi = 2three = trei = 3four = patru = 4five = cinci = 5six = sase = 6seven = sapte = 7eight = opt = 8nine = noua = 9ten = zece = 10

Atentie la o deosebire de limba romana. In limba engleza se foloseste virgula in locul punctului din romana.

hundred = suta = 100thousand = mie = 1,000million = milion = 1,000,000

Astfel ceea ce scriem in romana 1,7 - in engleza vom scrie 1.7 = one point seven.

Numeralul ordinal :

first = prim; second = al doilea third = al treilea; a treia

De la patru in sus , numealul ordinal se formeaza din numeralul cardinal + th (dar atentie ca -y se inlocuieste ci - ieth ).

fourth = al patrulea fifth = al cincilea sixth = al saselea seventh = al saptelea eighth = al optulea ninth = al noualea tenth = al zecelea eleventh = al unsprezecelea twelfth = al doisprezecelea thirteenth = al treisprezeceleatwentieth = al douazecilea thirtieth = al treizecileafiftieth = al cincecilea

Datele se exprima in limba engleza cu numeralul ordinal :The first of May sau May the first

Numeralul multiplicativ :

once = o data;twice = de doua ori;

De la trei in sus , numeralele multiplicative se formeaza din cel cardinal + times

three times = de trei orifour times = de patru ori

Numeralele fractionale :

one whole = un intreg (o unitate)one half = o jumatate = 1/2one third = o treime = 1/3one quarter = un sfert, o patrime = 1/4one tenth = o zecime = 1/10

The Family -Familia

grandmotherbunicagrandfatherbunic

uncleunchimothermama

fathertataauntmatusa

cousinvarsister-in-lawcumnata

brotherfratesistersora

brother-in-lawcumnathusbandsot

nephewnepot (de unchi)niecenepoata (de unchi )

daughterfiica sonfiu

People and relationships

womanfemeie manbarbat

husbandsotwifesotie

babybebelusparentsparinti

childrencopiiboybaiat

girlfatagrandparentsbunici

granddaughternepoatagrandsonnepot

JOBS-Locuri de Muncaaccountant

actor

air steward

architect

personal assistant

shop assistant

author

baker

barman / barmaid / bar person

builder

businessman / businesswoman / executive

butcher

caretaker

chef

civil servant

clerk

computer operator / programmer

cook

dentist

designer

company director

film director

doctor

driver bus / taxi / train driver

garbageman (refuse collector)

economist

editor

electrician

engineer

farmer

fisherman

flight attendant

hairdresser

head teacher

jeweler

journalist

judge

lawyer

manager

miner

musician

news reader / news presenter

nurse

optician

painter

photographer

pilot

plumber

police officer

politician

printer

prison officer / warder

receptionist

sailor

salesman / saleswoman /salesperson

scientist

secretary

soldier

surgeon

tailor

teacher

travel agent

TV cameraman

TV presenter

vet

waiter

writer

Travel Airairport

check-in

fly

land

landing

plane

take off

Travel - General Related Wordsdestination

journey

passenger

route

travel

travel agent

trip

Travel - Holidayscamp

go camping

charger flight

cruise

excursion

(youth) hostel

hotel

luggage

motel

package holiday

self-catering holiday

sightseeing

go sightseeing

suitcase

tour

tourism

tourist

vacation

Travel - Landbicycle

bike

bus

bus station

car

coach

coach station

lane

motorbike

motorway

rail

go by rail

railway

railway station

road

main road

minor road

taxi

traffic

train

tube

underground

subway

Travel - Seaboat

crossing

ferry

port

sail

sea

set sail

ship

voyage

Travel - Verbsboard (boat / plane)

go by

go on board

get on board

hitch-hike

set off

GRAMATICA-GRAMMARConjugarea verbului To Be (a fi) la afirmativSINGULARI am- eu suntYou are- tu estiHe is- el esteShe is- ea esteIt is- el/ea estePLURALWe are- noi suntemYou are- voi suntetiThey are- ei sunt/ele sunt FORMELE DE AFIRMATIV, INTEROGATIV SI NEGATIVForma de interogativ:Se obtine fcnd inversiunea ntre subiect/pronume personal si verbul Be, la singular sau plural.Exemple:You are - Are you?He is- Is he?Mary is - Is Mary/is she?It is - Is it ?They are - Are they?Substantivul

Substantivul, in limba engleza, are patru genuri:

- genul masculin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen masculin (boy, man, son , brother, king)- genul feminin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen feminin (woman, mother, girl, wife, sister)- gen neutru = substantivele care denumesc obiecte si animale (dog, , purse, window, cat)- genul comun = substantivele care au aceeasi forma atat la masculin cat si la feminin (teacher, doctor, friend, author)

Deosebirea dintre substantivele feminine si masculine se face astfel:

- se folosesc forme diferite pentru feminin si masculin :

FemininMasculinaunt = matusauncle = unchidaughter = fiicason = fiugirl = fataboy = baiathen = gainacock = cocosnice = nepoatanephew = nepotsister = sorabrother = fratemother = mamafather = tatawife = sotie husband = sotwoman = femeieman = barbat

- se adauga un sufix: prince - princessactor - actresswaiter - waitress

- pentru locuitorii unei tari, terminate in sh si ch, genul persoanei se indica folosind cuvintele: man si woman. an Englishman - an Englishwoman a Romanianmam - a Romanianwoman

Pluralul substantivelor :

1)- In general se realizeaza adaugand "-s" la substantivul la singular:cat + "s" = cats dog + "s" = dogs

2)- pentru substantivele terminate in "s", "x", "sh", "ch","zh", "z" sau "j" pluralul se

formeaza adugand "-es" sau "-s", daca substantivul se termina in "e" mut.bus + "es" = buses box + "es" = boxes dish + "es" = dishes church + "es" = churches mirage + "s" = mirages prize + "s" = prizes bridge + "s" = bridges

3)- a) - pentru substantive terminate in "y" pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand

"-s", daca "y" final este precedat de o vocala(a, e, i, o, u). boy + "s" = boys

- b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "y", unde "y" final este precedat de o consoana,

pluralul substantivelor se formeaza astfe: se transforma "y" in "i" si apoi se

adauga "-es"baby - y + "s" = babies

4)- a) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", pluralul substantivelor se formeaza

adaugand "-s", daca "o" este precedat de o vocala (a, e, i, o, u).radio + "s" = radios

- b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", unde "o" este precedat de o consoana,

pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-es". tomato + "es" = tomatoes

Atentie : - pentru substantivele legate (referitoare) de muzica - pot forma

pluralul adaugand "-s", chiar daca "o" este precedat de o consoanapiano + "s" = pianos

5)-pentru substantivele terminate in "f" sau "fe", pluralul substantivelor se face

adaugand "-s".roof + "s" = roofs giraffe + "s" = giraffes

- Exista exceptii la aceasta regula.Unele substantive terminate in "f" sau "fe" fac

pluralul schimband pe "f" in "-ves". Iara aceste exceptii :calf - calves = vitel/ viteielf- elves = spiridusi/ihalf - halves = jumatate/jumatatiknife - knives = cutit/cutiteleaf - leaves = frunza/frunzeloaf - loaves = franzela,paine/franzelelife - lives = viata/vietipenknife - penknife = briceag/bricegesheaf - sheaves = snop/snopistaff - staves = portativscarf - scarves = esarfa, fular/esarfe,fulare - dar si scarfsself - selves = ins, fiintashelf - shelves = raft/rafturithief - thieves = hot/hotiwolf - wolves = lup/lupiwife - wives = sotie/sotii

6)- urmatoarele substantive nu respecta nici o regula in formarea pluralelor :SingularPlural

algaalgae

alumnaalumnae

alumnusalumni

antenna (on a bug's head)antennae

antenna (on a television)antennas

appendixappendixes, appendices

bacteriumbacteria

bisonbison

buffalobuffalos, buffaloes, buffalo

busbuses, busses

cactuscacti, cactuses

childchildren

corpscorps

criterioncriteria

crisiscrises

datumdata

deerdeer

diedice

dwarfdwarfs, dwarves

footfeet

fishfish, fishes

goosegeese

halfhalves

hippopotamushippopotami, hippopotamuses

hoofhoofs, hooves

louselice

manmen

mediummedia

memorandummemoranda

moosemoose

mousemice

octopusoctopi, octopuses, octopodes

ox oxen

scarfscarves, scarfs

seriesseries

sheepsheep

staff (stick or line for

charting music)staves

staff (group of workers)staffs

stegosaurusstegosauri

swineswine

talismantalismans

toothteeth

wharfwharfs, wharves

womanwomen

Pronumele

Pronumele personale :

Nominativ :

I = euyou = tu, dumneata, dumneavoastrahe = el, dansul, dumnealuishe = ea, dumneaeiwe = noiyou = voithey = ei,ele, dansii, dansele, dumnealor

Acuzativ-dativ :

me = mi-, ma, pe mine, imiyou = ti, te, pe tine, iti, dumitale, dumneavoastrahim = i-, l-, pe el, ii,(lui)her = i-, -o, pe ea, iius = ne-, noua, pe noiyou = v-, voua, pe voithem = i-, le-, loe, pe ei, pe ele

Pronumele posesiv :

mine = al meu, a mea, ale mele, ai meiyours = al tau, a ta, ale tale, ai taihis = al lui, a lui, ale lui, ai luihers = a ei, ale ei, al ei, ai eiours = a noastra, al nostru, ale noastre, ai nostriyours = al vostru, a voastra, ai vostri, ale voastretheirs = al lor, a lui, ai lor, ale lor

Pronumele demonstrative sunt identice ca forma cu adjectivele demonstrative(numai ca in cazul pronumelor, acestea inlocuiesc substantivele).

Verbul HAVE GOT

Singular

I have gotYou Have gotHe/she/it has got

Plural

We have gotYou have gotThey have got

Articolul

Articolul nehotarat (care se traduce in romana prin un , o ):

a = inaintea unei consoane (a car)an = inaintea unei vocale (an inkpot)

Articolul nehotarat este acelasi pentru toate genurile. Trebuie tinut cont atunci cand vorbim ca articolul nehoratat nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el. La plural nu exista articol nehotarat(atunci cand este cazulse folosestie some = niste, unele).

Exista unele exceptii :

a ewe = o oaie/mioaraa Europian = un europeana union = o uniune, un sindicata university = o universitate

Articolul hotarat:

Articolul hotarat in limba engleza este THE , atat la singular cat si la plural, la toate genurile.

Ca si la articolul nehotarat, in vorbire, articolul hotart nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el.

MODUL IIVocabular-VocabularyDAYS OF THE WEEK MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundayTHE COLOURSredorangeyellowgreenblueindigovioletbrowngold and silverpurple, scarlet, and crimsongraywhiteblackTime - Timpul

secondsecundaseasonanotimp

minuteminutyearan

houroradecadedeceniu

dayzicenturysecol

weeksaptamanamillenniummileniu

monthlunaeternityeternitate

morningdimineataeveningseara

noonpranz / amiazanightnoapte

afternoondupa amiaza midnightmiez de noapte

Verbul

In limba engleza sunt doua categorii de verbe:-verbe regulate-verbe neregulate

Verbele regulate:

Cele mai multe verbe in limba engleza sunt regulate. Ele se conjuga astfel:

Indicativ prezent :

I callI do not callYou callYou do not callHe callsHe does not callShe callsShe does not call

We callWe do not callYou callYou do not callThey callThey do not ask

Forma interogativa: Forma interogativ-negativa:

Do I call ? Don't I call ? Do you call ? Don't you call ?Does he call ?Doesn't he call ?Does she call ?Doesn't she call ?

Do we call ?Don't we call ?Do you call ?Don't you call ?Do they call ?Don't they call ?

- La indicativ prezent, numai prsoana a treia (III-a) singular, verbele primesc un "-s", celelalte ramanand neschimbate. - Pentru verbele terminate in "ch", "sh", "ss", "x" - la persoana III-a singular va fi "-es".-Verbele terminate in "y" precedate de o consoana, schimba pe "y" in "i" si primesc terminatia "-es".-Verbele terminate in "o" primesc terminatia "-es"

Toate verbele din limba engleza (cu exceptia celor doua verbe auxiliare: HAVE = a avea si

BE = a fi) se conjuga la formele simple interogative si negative cu ajutorul auxiliarului DO/DOES.

Past tense :

La Imperfect si Perfect Simplu verbele neregulate primesc terminatia "-ed".

I calledYou calledHe calledshe called

We calledYou calledThey called

Forma negativa:

I did not callYou did not callHe did not callShe did not call

We did not callYou did not callThey did not call

Forma interogativa:Forma interogatv-negativa:

Did I call ?Didn't I call ?Did you call ?Didn't you call ?Did she call ?Didn't she call ?Did he call ?Didn't he call ?

Did we call ?Didn't we call ?Did you call ?Didn't you call ?Did they call ?Didn't they call ?

Future Tense:

Viitorul in limba engleza se formeaza cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare SHALL/WILL urmate de

infinitiv. - auxiliarul SHALL - pentru persoana I singular si plural- auxiliarul Will - pentru restul persoanelor

I shall callYou will callHe will callShe will call

We shall callYou will callThey will call

Forma negativa :

I shall not (shan't) callYou will not callHe will not call

We shall not callYou will not callThey will not call

Forma interogativa :

Shall I call ?Will you call ?Will he call ?Will she call ?

Shall we call ?will you call ?Will they call ?

Mai-mult-ca-perfect(past perfect):

M.m.c.p se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar HAVE la trecur (adica HAD) +participiu

trecut al verbului.

I had calledYou had calledHe had calledShe had called

We had calledYou had calledThey had called

Conditionalul prezent Se formeaza cu verbele auxiliarele SHOULD/WOULD + infinitivul verbului.

I should callYou would call

Conditionalul trecut :

Se formeaza din conditionalul prezent al verbului HAVE + participiu trecut al verbului

I should have calledyou would have calledHe would have calledShe would have called

We should have calledYou would have calledThey would have called

Participiu prezent:

Se formeaza adaugand "-ing" la infinitivul verbului.

to call = a striga, a suna -> calling = strigand

Participiu trecut :

Se formeaza adaugand "-ed" la infinitivul verbului

call -> called

Nr.TenseFormUsed to expressRomana

1.Present Tense SimpleS + V1 Do/Does + S + V1S + Do/does + not + V11.actiuni obisnuite repetabile2.adevaruri general valabile3.repros, constatari4.in loc de viitpr- pentru actiuni planificate oficialPrezent

2.Present Tense ContinuousS + To be + V-ing1.actiuni care se petrec in momentul vorbirii(now, at present, at the moment)2.actiuni temporare(today, this week, this mounth)3.repros accentuat aproape de prezent.4.actiuni oficiale planificate neoficialPrezent

3.Present Perfect SimpleS + have/has + V3Have/has + S + V31.actiune termiata in moment trecut neprecizat (lately, just, always, offe, ever, never)2.actiune terminata in perioada de timp neterminata (today, this week)3.actiune terminata care are legatura cu prezentulPerfect compus

4.Present Perfect ContinuousS + have/has + been + v-ingHave/has + been + S + V-ingactiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent sau al carui rezultat se vede acum in prezentFor + perioada de timpSince + inceputul de timpprezent

5.Past tense simpleS + V2 Did + S + V1S + did + not + V1Actiunitrecute terminate in momentul precizat(ago, last, yesterday, in 1990)perfect compus

6.Past tense continuousS + was/were + V-ingactiune trecuta in progres:while + timp continuuwhen + timp simpleimperfect

7.Past perfect simpleS + had + V3exprima o actiune trecuta terminata inaintea altei actiuni trecutem.m.c.p.

8.Past perfect continuousS + had + been + V-ingactiune trecutain progres, inceputa inaintea altei actiuni trecuteimperfect

In limba engleza este foarte important sa stim conjugarea celor doua verbe auxiliare :HAVE si BE.

TO HAVE = a avea

Indicativ prezent :

I haveyou haveHe hasShe has

We haveYou haveThey have

Imperfectul si perfect simplu:

I hadyou hadHe hadShe had

We hadYou hadThey had

M.m.c.p.

I had hadyou had hadHe had hadShe had had

We had hadYou had hadThey had had

Viitorul:

I shall haveYou will haveHe will haveShe will have

We shall haveYou will haveThey will have

Conditional prezent :

I should haveYou would haveHe would haveShe would have

We would haveYou would haveThey would have

Conditional trecut :

I should have hadYou would have hadHe would have hadShe would have had

We would have hadYou would have hadThey would have had

Participiu prezent: havingParticipiu trecut : had

TO BE = a fi

Indicativ prezent : I am You areHe isShe is

We areYou areThey are

Imperfectul:

I wasYou wereHe wasShe was

We wereYou wereThey were

M.m.c.p.:

I had beenYou had beenHe had beenShe had been

We had beenYou had beenThey had been

Viitor:I shall beYou will beHe will be She will be

They shall beYou will beYhey will be

Conditional prezent:

I should beWe would be...

Conditionalul trecut :

I should have beenHe would have been...

Participiu prezent : beingParticipiu trecut : been

Adjectivul

Adjectivele, in limba engleza , sunt invariabile ( nu se acorda cu substantivele in gen,numar si caz ).

Adjectivele stau inaintea substantivelor (I like Chinese food) sau dupa anumite verbe auxiliare (to appear, to be, to become, to feel, to get, to look, to keep,to seem, to taste, to make,to smell,to sound, to turn, to taste). Desi stau dupa verbe, ele nu descriu verbul si subiectul propozitiei (in majoritatea cazurilor - substantivesau pronume). Ex: The examination did not seem difficult. Your friend looks nice.

Unele din adjectivele care pot sta numai dupa verbele auxiliare: asleep, awake, afraid, alike, alive, alone, annoyed, difficult, ill, nice, sorry, upset, well (She is alone.).

Care este ordinea corecta pentru adjective ?

1)Ordinea generala: opinion, fact Ex : a nice French car (not a French nice car)

"Opinion" este ceea ce crezi despre subiectul propozitiei/frazei . "Fact" este ceea ce este adevarat despre subiectul propozitiei/fraziei.

2)Ordinea normala a adjectivelor este : size, age/temperature , shape, colour, material, origin: Ex : a big, old, square, black, wooden Chinese table

Size : small, little, thiny, bigAge/Temperature : old, new, hot, coldShape : round, squareColor : yellow, red, blueMaterial : plastic, silverOrigin : Chinese, Romanian, Franch

3) Determiners usually come first, even though they are fact adjectives:articles (a, the) possessives (my, your...) demonstratives (this, that...) quantifiers (some, any, few, many...) numbers (one, two, three) Here is an example with opinion and fact adjectives:adjectivesnoun

deter-mineropinionfact

ageshapecolour

twoniceoldroundredcandles

Cand vrem sa folosim doua adjective care se refera la o culoare folosim and. Ex: Newspapers are usually black and white.

Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor :

-gradul pozitiv : arata prezenta normala a unei calitati a obiectelor (fara comparatii)Ex : She is beautiful.-gradul comparativ : compara doua sau mai multe obiecte in masura egala : comparativul de egalitate : he is as tall as his brotherin masura inegala :- comparativul de superioritate : he is taller then she. - compartivul de inferioritate : not as tall as -gradul superlativ: este de doua feluri : relative(in comparative cu alte elemente) Ex : The biggest : Cel mai mare The smallest = Cel mai mic The most important = Cel mai important absolute (fata de el insusi)Ex : Very big = Foarte mare Very small = Foarte mic Very/Highly important = Foarte important

Adverbul

Adverbul este cel care ne spune mai mult despre verb, care intareste verbul.Majoritatea adverbelor se formeaza din adjective.Ele seformeaza astfel:- pentru majoritatea adverbelor - la adjectiv se adauga teminatia -ly :bad - badlyhard - hardly- pentru adjectivele care se termina in -le, ca sa formam adverb, se schimba terminatia -le

in -lysimple - simplyprobable - probably-pentru adjectivele care se termina in y, precedat de o consoana, ca sa formam adverb schimbam pe y in i si apoi adauga terminatia -lyeasy - easilyhappy - happily

Exceptii :well = bine; cum trebuiefast = repede; strns very = foarte; chiar; prea never = niciodata; delocalways = totdeaunaoften = adeseastill = nca; si mai; totusi

Gradele de comparatie ale adverbelor sunt aceleasi ca si la adjective si se formeaza in acelasi moduri.

Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ

badly worse the worstfar farther the farthest further the furthestlate later the latest the last = ultimullittle less the leastwell better the best

Adverbele sunt de mai multe feluri :- de loc- de mod- de timp - precizat - neprecizat : already = deja, pana acum always = intotdeauna ever = totdeauna, vreodata just = tocmai often = adesea never = niciodata sometimes = uneori, cateodata seldom = rareori still = inca, mai

O modalitate usoara de a tine minte adverbele de timp si care ne arata cat de des cineva

face ceva :

100%always

usually

frequently

often

50%sometimes

occasionally

rarely

seldom

hardly ever

0%never

Vocabulary

Women's clothing - Men's Clothing - Haine pentru femei si barbati

Women's clothing

blousebluza, camasa skirtfusta

dressrochiezipperfermoar

glassesochelarilenslentila

sunglassesochelari de soarepursegeanta

strappanglica, cureajewellery boxcutie pentru bijuterii

jewellerybijuterieringinel

earringcercelbraceletbratara

necklacecolier, sirag beadsmargele

locketmedalionveilvoal

bra(ssiere)sutienslipcombinezon

pantieschilotihose, stockingsciorapi

pijanaspijamalenightgowncamasa de noapte

high heel shoepantof cu toc inaltcoathaina, palton, jacheta

sweaterjerseu, puloverglovesmanusi

mittensmanusi cu un deget scarfesarfa, sal, basma

Men's Clothing

shirtcamasa sleevetmneca

tagetichetacollarguler

pocketbuzunarbuttonsnasturi

t-shirttricousuitcostum

tiecravataknotnod

pantspantalonishortspantaloni scurti

beltcureabucklecatarama

hatpalarieunderwearlenjerie de corp

sockssoseteshoespantofi

shoe lacessiret-urisoletalpa

bootsghetesandalssandale

slipperspapuci de casabathrobehalat de baie

vestvestawatchceas (de mna)

leather jackethaina de pielecapbasca, sapca

MODUL IV

Conjunctia

Conjunctia este partea de vorbire care leaga cuvinte sau propozitii.

Conjunctiile pot sa fie:- coordonatoare = atunci cand leaga doua propozitii de acelasi fel;- subordonatoare = atunci cand leaga o propozitie principala cu una secundara.

Conjunctiile coordonatoare

Conjunctiile coordonatoare arata ca elementele pe care ele le unesc sunt identice(similare) in importanta si structura. Intotdeauna conjunctiile coordonatoare se gasesc intre cuvintele sau propozitiile pe care le leaga. I like [tea] and [coffee]. [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].

Conjunctiile coordonatoare sunt sapte (7) la numar. Ele sunt cuvinte simple, formate din doua sau trei litere.Iara un mod usor si distractiv de a tine minte conjunctiile coordonatoare :FANBOYS

ForAndNorButOrYetSo

Conjunctiile subordonatoare

Cele mai comune conjunctii subordonatoare sunt :

after although as becausebeforehowifoncesincethanthatthoughtilluntilwhenwherewhetherwhile

Conjunctiile subordonatoare leaga o propozitie secundara de una principala. Intotdeauna conjunctia subordonata se gaseste in fata propozitiei secundare.

Ram went swimming although it was raining.

Ram went swimming although it was raining.

Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.

Atentie la urmatoarele constructii :

...either ...or = ...sau ...sau

...neither ...nor = ...nici ...nici

...nor only ...but also = ...nu numai ...ci(dar)si

...both ...and = ...ata ...cat si

MODUL V

VOCABULARY

The Body -Corpul omenesc

facefatamouthgura

chinbarbieneckgat

shoulderumararmbrat

elbowcotforearmantebrat

armpitsubsuoara backspate

chestpieptwaisttalie, mijloc

abdomenabdomenbuttocksbuca, fesa

hipsoldlegpicior

thighcoapsakneegenunchi

calfgamba

The hand - Mana

wristncheietura minii knucklencheietura a degetelor

fingernailunghiethumbdeget mare (de la mna)

index fingerdegetul aratatormiddle fingerdegetul mijlociu(de la mijloc)

ring fingerdegetul inelarlittle fingerdegetul mic

palmpalma

The Head - Capul

hairparforeheadfrunte

earurechecheekobraz

nosenasnostrilnara

jawfalcabeardbarba

mustachemustatatonguelimba

toothdintelipbuza

The Eye - Ochiul

eyebrowsprnceanaeyelidpleoapa

eyelashesgeneirisiris

pupilpupila

The Foot - Piciorul

ankleglezna heelcalci

instepscobitura picioruluibig toedegetul mare

toedeget de la picior little toedegetul mic

toenailunghia de la picior

The Internal Organs - Organele interne

braincreierspinal cordsira spinarii

throatgtwindpipetrahee

esophagusesofagmusclemuschi

lungplamnheartinima

liverficat stomachstomac

intestinesintestineveinvena

arteryartera kidneyrinichi

pancreaspancreasbladdervezica

Months of the Year

January IanuarieJulyIulie

FebruaryFebruarieAugustAugust

MarchMartieSeptemberSeptembrie

AprilAprilieOctoberOctombrie

MayMaiNovemberNoiembrie

JuneIunieDecemberDecembrie

to wetwetweta uda

Seasons

springprimavarafall, autumntoamana

summervarawinteriarna

MODUL VIGrammarPrepozitia

Prepozitiile sunt cuvintele care fac legatura intre partile de vorbire.

Sunt peste 150 de prepozitii in limba engleza.Lista cu cele mai uzuale prepozitii le gasiti la Cuvinte necesare/Prepozitii.

Prepozitii de loc:

In general se tine cont de urmatoarele reguli:at = pentru un punct, un reperin = pentru o anumita zonaon = pentru o suprafata

Exemple :atinon

punct, un reperzonasuprafata

at the cornerin the gardenon the wall

at the bus stopin Londonon the ceiling

at the doorin Franceon the door

at the top of the pagein a boxon the cover

at the end of the roadin my pocketon the floor

at the entrancein my walleton the carpet

at the crossroadsin a buildingon the menu

at the entrancein a caron a page

Exista expresii standard cu prepozitiile de loc:atinon

at homein a caron a bus

at workin a taxion a train

at schoolin a helicopteron a plane

at universityin a boaton a ship

at collegein a lift (elevator)on a bicycle, on a motorbike

at the topin the newspaperon a horse, on an elephant

at the bottomin the skyon the radio, on television

at the sidein a rowon the left, on the right

at receptionin Oxford Streeton the way

Prepozitiile de timp :

at = atunci cand timpul este precizatin = pentru luni, ani, secole si perioade lungion = pentru zile si date

Exemple: atinon

timp precizatluni, ani, secole si perioade lungizile si date

at 3 o'clockin Mayon Sunday

at 10.30amin summeron Tuesdays

at noonin the summeron 6 March

at dinnertimein 1990on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtimein the 1990son Christmas Day

at sunrisein the next centuryon Independence Day

at sunsetin the Ice Ageon my birthday

at the momentin the past/futureon New Year's Eve

Atunci cand folosim last, next, every, this - nu folosim si at, in, on.

Exemple:

I went to London last June. (not in last June) He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

VocabularyFruits - Fructe

applemarapple corecotorul marului (miezul cu samburi)

apple slicefelie de marseedsamanta

bananabananapeelcoaja (de fruct)

orangeportocalagrapefruitgrepfrut

lemonlamielimelamie verde

plumprunaprunepruna uscata

peachpiersicaapricotscaise

avocadofruct de avocado pearpara

melonpepene watermelonpepene verde

pineappleananas coconutnuca de cocos

mangomangocherriescirease

grapesstruguriraisinsstafide

olivesmaslinestrawberrycapsuna

raspberryzmeurablackberriesmure

Vegetables - Verdeturi, zarzavat

pepperardeieggplantvanata

potatocartofchili pepperardei iute

lettucesalata verdecabbagevarza

carrotmorcovasparagussparanghel

artichokeanghinarebeetsfecla

cucumbercastravetegarlicusturoi

cornporumbbroccolibroccoli

cauliflowerconopidatomato(patlagica) rosie

onionceapamushroomsciuperci

celerytelinapumpkindovleac

zucchinidovlecelbeansfasole

peasmazareradishridiche

podpastaiespinashspanac

MODUL VIIEvaluare: Exercitii recapitulative

1