Surveying Chapter2(a)

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Surveying Chapter2(a)

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  • 1

    ( Z H )

    1.() (Leveling)(Direct LevelingDifferential Leveling)

    hhi

    2.(Trigonometric Leveling) dizh

    (Elevation Surveying)

  • 2

    3.(GPSGlobal Positioning System) Signal h

    4.(Radar Altimetry) Signal h

    5.(Barometric Leveling) Ph

    12

    (Elevation Mensuration)

  • 3

    1.( Level Surface)

    2.(Level Datum) (Mean Sea Level , MSL)

    3.(Horizontal Plane)

    4.(Horizontal Line)

    5.(Elevation , Height)

    6.(Vertical Line)

    7.(Vertical Angle)

  • 4

    (1)

    (2)

    chm

    kkm ()

    20785.0 kC

    20675.0 kh

  • 5

    AH

    baHH AB

    (Level)

    1.

    abAB

    (0

    )A

    B

  • 6

    2. /

    (1) (Optical Axis)

    (2) (Line of Sight , Collimation Axis)

    (3) (Tangent Line of The Level Tube, or Axis of Level Vial)

    (4) (Vertical Axis) ()

  • 7

    (5)(Turning Point TP)

    2. /

    (6)(Intermediate PointIP)

    P

  • 8

    (7)(Elevation of Collimation Axis)

    (8)(Bench Mark BM)

    ()

    2. /

  • 9

    1. (Telescope)

    (Reticle Cross-Hairs)

  • 10

    2.(Mount)

    3.(Level Vials)

    (1)(Tube-type Level Vial)

  • 11

    (2)(Coincidence-type Level Vial)

    (3)(BullsEye Level Vial)

  • 12

    (Sensitivity)

    /

    d2mm/

    R ()

    Rr()

    "R

    dr

    "206265"

  • 13

    "2062652

    360

    (1 Radian)

    rad =

    tan sin rad

    5/20626"

  • 14

    ()

    AAB

    BBC

    ABBC "206265

    "

    AB1/10000

    620.

  • 15

    (1)D

    (2)

    (3)N

    (4)

    1a

    2a

    DN

    aar

    " 206265)(" 12

  • 16

    1.

  • 17

    2.

    m006.21006.1000.20

    mHB 006.20000.1006.21

    mHC 007.19009.1006.21

    mHD 006.19000.2006.21

  • 18

    1. (Dumpy Level) 2. (Tilting Level or Tilting Screw Level) 3. (Automatic leveling Levelor Self-Leveling Level) 4. (Digital Level)

    (1) 3 4 (2) 43 (3) 123 (4) 23()

  • 19

    (1) (2)

  • 20

  • 21

    WILD N3

  • 22

    (1) (2) ()

    (3) (4) ()

  • 23

  • 24

  • 25

    (1) (2)

  • 26

  • 27

    (1) (2)() (3)

  • 28

    1.

    (1) (2) (3) () (1) (2) (3) () /(1) (2) (3) ()

  • 29

    2.

    (1)

    (2) ()

    (3) ()

    (4) ()

    (5)