Sustavi Za Podršku Odlučivanju

8/16/2019 Sustavi Za Podršku Odlučivanju

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SUSTAVI ZA PODRŠKU ODLUČIVANJUnastavni materijali - predavanja : prof dr.sc. Snježana Knezić

Literatura:

[1] Efraim Turban: DE ISION SUPPORT AND E!PERT S"STE#S $#ana%&m&n'Su(()r' S*+'&m+, #a-mi..an Pub.i+/in% )m(an* N&0 ")r 2 13345[6] 7&n8amin S5 7.an-/ar9: S"STE# EN INEERIN #ANA E#ENT2 JO;N


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S5 S-)'' #)r')n 8& (r?i () &' )m +&9am9&+&'i/ %)9ina u()'ri8&bi) i ra mana%&m&9&-i+i)n +*+'&m+ $S(ra%u&2 ar.+)n2 13 6,2 C') bi u (ri8&?)9u na i.) +u+'au(ra?.8an8& i )9.u i?an8&5

Su+'a?i a ()'()ru u(ra?.8an8u $#ana%&m&n' Su(()r' S*+'&m+, +u:

D&-i+i)n +u(()r' +*+'&m+ $DSS,r)u( 9&-i+i)n +u(()r' +*+'&m+ $ DSS,

#ana%&m&n' inf)rma'i)n +*+'&m+ $#IS,E &-u'i?& inf)rma'i)n +*+'&m+ $EIS,E (&r' +*+'&m+ $ES,

S(ra%u& i ar.+)n $13 6, Su+'a? a ()9rC u )9.u i?an8u $D&-i+i)n Su(()r' S*+'&m2 DSS 8& in'&ra 'i?ni +u+'a? ()9r an ra una.)m )8i ()ma & 9)n)+i'&.8ima )9.u & )ri+'i ()9a' & i m)9&.& a ) bi ri8&Ci.i n&+'ru 'uriran& a9aH&5

D&fini-i8a )8u +u 9a.i D&San-'i+ i a..u(& $13 M,:ru(ni +u+'a? a ()9rC u )9.u i?an8u 8& in'&ra 'i?ni2 )m(8u'&r+ i )ri8&n'iran +u+

)8i ()ma & i ()'i & (r)-&+ %ru(n)% 9)n)C&n8a )9.u a2 )' .an8a )muni a-i8+ (r&(r& &2 )+i%ura?a '&/ni & i m&')9).)%i8& a +'ru 'uriran8& (r)-&+a )9.u i?a+u+'a?n) u+m8&ra?a na in2 ?ri8&m& i +a9r a8 9i+ u+i8&5

#ana%&m&n' inf)rma'i)n +*+'&m 8& f)rma.ni )m(8u'&ri irani +u+'a? )8i 9a8&2 i 9?in'&%rira ()9a' & i ra .i i'i/ i ?)ra a ) bi mana%&ru na ?ri8&m& )+i%uinf)rma-i8& ()'r&bn& a 9)n)C&n8& )9.u a5

E &-u'i?& inf)rma'i)n +*+'&m+ +u ra ?i8ani a ) bi a9)?).8i.i +.i8&9&H& -i.8&?&:a9)?).8a?a ()'r&b& i ?rCni/ mana%&ra

9a8& i ra i') u+&r fri&n9.* +u &.8&a9)?).8a?a in9i?i9ua.ni +'i. i ?rCn)% mana%&ra

)+i%ura?a u in )?i') (raH&n8& ()+.)?a )m)%uHa?a br (ri+'u( 9&'a.8niminf)rma-i8ama )8& +& ri8u i a n(r5 '& +'a2 br)8 i2 %rafi & $9ri.. 9)0n -a(abi.i'*, (r) iCHa?a2 +a ima2 i ?)9i ra una ) ri'i nim ()9a-ima i inf)rma-i8ama (r&() na8& (r)b.&m& $m)%uHn)+'i,5

E +(&r'ni +u+'a? 8& 9i) (rimi8&n8&n& um8&'n& in'&.i%&n-i8&2 a () uCa?a8u ).8u9+ )% & +(&r'a5


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S.i a 1: Um8&'na in'&.i%&n-i8a

S.i a 6: )+()9ar&n8& +.i?nim ()9ru 8&m


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S.i a 4: Pr)8& 'iran8& %raB&?in& )9 (.aniran8a 9) i ?)B&n8a

PRO ES ODLUČIVANJA 8& %&n&ri i (r)-&+ )8i +& m) & (rimi8&ni'i na +?& ))r%ani irani/ a 'i?n)+'i u +?r/u ()+'i a?an8a a9an)% -i.8a2 a )ri+'i +& +?8&+n) in&+?8&+n)5


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S.i a @: Sim)n)? m)9&. (r)-&+a )9.u i?an8a

U pr'o/ se fa0i (spo0na/a pro 2ema) procesira/! podaci #a#o i seprepo0na2e mo%!3e 0ada3e. r!%a fa0a (i0rada mode2a) i0na2a0i,ra0'i/a i ana2i0ira mo%!3e a#ci/e 0a r/e4a'an/e 0ada3a. 5a0'i/a se

proces 0a ra0!mi/e'an/e 0ada3a, i0rad! i testiran/e po%odnosti r/e4en/a. "re3a fa0a (i0 or) /e oda ir /edne od mo%!6ih a#ci/a, do# et'rta fa0apredsta'2/a imp2ementaci/! oda rane a#ci/e. 8od a#ci/om sepodra0!mi/e'a ono 4to donosite2/! od2!#e sto/i na raspo2a%an/! #aomo%!3nost i0 ora pri2i#om od2! i'an/a, a s#!p ta#'ih a#ci/a se estona0i'a strate%i/om.

An'/)n* $13 Q,2 i 9?a8a &'iri ?r+'& )9.u a:O9.u & (ri +'ra'&C )m (.aniran8u )9n)+& +& na )9abir ().i'i & i -i.8&?a na na8?iCra ini i na )9%)?ara8uH& 9)98&.8i?an8& r&+ur+aO9.u & u (r)-&+u u(ra?.8an8a 9)n)+& +& na )+i%uran8& 98&.)'?)rn)+'i (ri naba?-

)riC'&n8u r&+ur+aO9.u & (ri )n'r).i na )(&ra'i?n)8 ra ini 9)n)+& +& u +?r/u )+i%uran8a 98&.)'?)rn)+'u i ?)B&n8u )(&ra-i8aO9.u & (ri i ?)B&n8u na )(&ra'i?n)8 ra ini 9)n)+& +& +?a )9n&?n) (ri.i )mi ?)B&n8a )(&ra-i8a5

Na8Cir& (ri/?aH&na 8& ()98&.a ?r+'a )9.u a u 'ri )+n)?n& + u(in& )8& )9%)?ara inama )9.u i?an8a:

S'ra'&C & )9.u & na a8n& )9.u & + 9u%)r) nim ()+.8&9i-ama2 )8& +& )9n (.aniran8& ra ?)8a +u+'a?a2 a ri'&ri8 n8i/)?)% ?r8&9n)?an8a 8& 98&.)'?)rn-8&.) u(n)% +u+'a?aTa 'i & )9.u & )+i%ura?a8u r&a.i a-i8u +'ra'&C i/ )9.u a2 a ri'&ri8 n8i/?r8&9n)?an8a 8& u+(8&Cn)+' +u+'a?aO(&ra'i?n& )9.u & r&a.i ira8u )9.u & ?iCi/ ra ina )9.u i?an8a5


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S.i a Q: Pirami9a )9.u i?an8aRa .i i'& ra in& )9.u i?an8a2 )9n)+n) ?r+'& )9.u a2 ima8u ra .i i'& a/'8&?& a ') )?

inf)rma-i8a i m)9&.ima5 Ta ) +'ru 'uriran& )9.u &2 na ra ini )(&ra-i)na.i a-i8& )n'r).&2 ima8u ra .i i'& a/'8&?& a ()9a-ima i m)9&.ima )9 .)C& +'ru 'urirani/ i

().u+'ru 'urirani/ (r)-&+a )9.u i?an8a5 S'ra'&C ) (.aniran8& i )9.u & a/'i8&?a8ura n)?r+ni8&2 a%r&%irani8& i ?a.i'a'i?n& ()9a' &2 9) +& (ri r8&Ca?an8u +'ru 'u

a9aHa )ri+'& ?an'i'a'i?ni ()9a-i2 i ra uni i.i a.%)ri'mi5 S'ra'&C & )9.u & +&9)n)+& &+') ia ) &+') ()9.i8& u r&?i i8ama2 9) +& )(&ra'i?n& )9.u & 9)nu &+'a.) i r&.a'i?n) +& .a ) mi8&n8a8u5

I u %raB&?inar+'?u nai.a im) na a9aH&2 )9n)+n) na 9)n)C&n8& )9.u a na +?a )8 ra in+'ra'&C ) (.aniran8& i %)+()9ar&n8& r&+ur+ima $n(r5 ?)9nim r&+ur+ima, +.)n&+i%urni u.a i2 ()+.)?an8& u u?8&'ima ri i a2 n&+i%urn)+'i (.aniran8& na 'a 'i )8 ra ini $i %ra9n8a )b8& 'a,2 ?ari8an'na r8&C&n8a2 & (r)-8&n&2 u(ra?.8an8& (r)8& 'ima $n(r5 & ).)C im,2 )9abir r8&C&n8a)(&ra'i?na u(ra?.8a a ra ina $u(ra?.8an8& na %ra9i.iC'u2 9inami i (.an2 PER%an')%rami,

Sustavi, znanost o sustavima

Su+'a? +& 9&finira a) )b8&9in8&n8& i.i (a a) )mbina-i8a )b8& a'a i.i 9i8&.)?a )8i +.) &nu i 8&9in+'?&nu -8&.inu5 Su+'a?ni (ri+'u( 8& (r&'()+'a? a a r8&Ca?an8& +in &n8&r+ i/ (r)b.&ma5


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S.i a : O ru &n8& +u+'a?a2 7.an-/ar9 [6]

S*+'&m +-i&n-&+ 'r&n9 (/ra+& )r a r&a.i'*> L&n Tr)n-a.& $13 ,5 I ra +*+'&m +-i&na8(ri8& +& )ri+'i) u in &n8&r+ )8 +'ru-i i )9n)+i) +& na ()+&bna ()9ruma'&ma'i & '&)ri8& )n'r).& +u+'a?araCiri) +& na )+'a.a ()9ru 8a ) C') +u /umani +u+'a?i2 ()+.)?an8&2 i'95

Č&'iri 9)m&n& i ()9ru 8a nan)+'i ) +u+'a?ima:)(Ha '&)ri8a +u+'a?a'&)ri8a +u+'a?a '&m&.8&na na ()8&9inim 9i+-i(.inama+u+'a?na ana.i a

(rim8&na +u+'a?a

O(Ha '&)ri8a +u+'a?a:P) +?)8)8 9&fini-i8i 8& 'ran+9i+-i(.inarnaK)ri+'i 8& i i ma'&ma'i & i ra & a )(i+i?an8& i f)rma.i a-i8u a(+'ra 'ni/ )b.i (r)-&+a )8i +u +& () a a.i +.i nima u mn)%im ()9ru 8ima2 a) i mn)%i/ ra in+.) &n)+'i i )r%ani a-i8+ i/ +'ru 'ura5

Teorija sustavaK)ri+'&Hi )n-&(' +u+'a?a u .8u u8& &m(iri8+ & r& u.'a'& ra .i i'i/ ()8a?a2 na8) ?iru 8&9n)% ()9ru 8a5T&)ri8a +u+'a?a ?)9i a +&man'i im i.i )(i+nim m)9&.ima ()8a?a )8& 8& '& & '&+)9 ()8&9ina ni/ ()8a?a )8& +in'&'i ira8u5

Sustavna analizaU .8u u8& in'&n i?n) (r)u a?an8& ()8&9ini/ ()8a?a u n& )m ()9ru 8u m)9&.iran8&+imu.a-i8)m i.i ma'&ma'i im f)rma.i m)m5


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Na8?&Hi u+(8&+i +u u (rim8&ni u ' ?5 '?r9im $/ar9, 9i+-i(.inama %98& +& () (aram&'ri m)%u .a C& )' ri'i2 (r&() na'i i.i i m8&ri'i5

Primjena sustavau .8u u8& r&.a'i?n) ?a.i'a'i?na (r)u a?an8a +u+'a?a )8i +u u%.a?n)m /umani i.i9ruC'?&ni2 +')%a +& )ri+'& ' ?5 m& im $+)f', m&')9).)%i8ama5Pr)i ?)9 ni8& m)9&. i.i n& i )9 a.a'a ?&H )r& -i8a i.i ()b).8Can8& (r)b.&ma5

Svako podru je !vidi! sustavi ra .i i'i/ (r&+(& 'i?a i -i.8&?a (r)u a?a %a +a na a8n) ra .i i'im a.a'ima

r) ra .i i' )na ni (r)i ?)9

S"stem science products

(r&() na?an8&2 9&finiran8&2 ra 8aCn8a?an8& br)8ni/ i )m)rfi ama i.i /)m&)m)rfi+u+'a?au+()r&9ba ()+')8&Hi/ i ra ?)8 n)?i/ m&')9).)%i8a i a.a'a'a +)n)mi8a +u+'a?a a ) bi +& u+()+'a?i.a )%rani &n8a u (rim8&ni i )m)rfi amaa.a'a

#zazovi+u+'a?i +& m)ra8u +a%.&9a?a'i + )b ir)m na n8i/)? -8&.) u(ni i?)'ni ?i8&

ra8n8a ?ri8&9n)+' +u+'a?a m)ra bi'i i ra?n) ()?& ana +a +'u(n8&m a9)?).8&n8a u(i 'r&ba bi'i i ra &na u 'r&minima m8&r& )8a +& )9n)+i na u in )?i')+' 'r)C )?a (r)-&+i i m&')9& m)ra8u )+i%ura'i ?r&m&n+ u u in )?i')+'2 im ?&Hu 98&.)'?)rn)u in )?i')+'2 u ima8uHi u )b ir )%rani &n)+' r&+ur+a

Sustavni pristup

S"stem approac$ - lo%ical and disciplined process of pro&lem solvin%.

Su+'a?ni (ri+'u(:f)r+ira (r&() na?an8& ?& a m&Bu ra .i i'im ()9+u+'a?ima9inami an (r)-&+ )8i in'&%rira a 'i?n)+'i u +mi+.&nu -8&.inu+i+'&ma'i n) (ri9ru u8& 9i8&.)?& +u+'a?a u 8&9in+'?&nu -8&.inu'ra i )('ima.n) $ )m(r)mi+n), r8&C&n8& u (r)-&+u r8&Ca?an8a (r)b.&ma

'aze sustavno% pristupa+() na8a (r)b.&maana.i a


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'ra9& )ff +in'& a

S.i a M: Di8a%ram 'i8& a +u+'a?n)% (ri+'u(a

i.8$&?i, un -i8a +u+'a?a i.i +'ra'&%i8a )8a m)ra bi'i ()+'i%nu'a

Za/'i8&?i Par-i8a.n& ()'r&b& )8& a9)?).8a?a8u -i.8$&?&,

I b)r ri'&ri8a a ')ri )8i +& )ri+'& u (r)-&+u &?a.ua-i8& a.'&rna'i?a a ) bi +& i a)('ima.na $ )m(r)mi+na,

O%rani &n8a A(+).u'ni fa ')ri )8i )(i+u8u u?8&'& )8& a.'&rna'i?& m)ra8u a9)?).8i'i

(spje)nost sustava se analizira i mjeri preko nje%ove u inkovitosti i djelotvornosti.UČINKOVITOST $&ffi-i&n-* 9)in% '/& '/in% ri%/', 8& m8&ra )riC'&n8a u.a

r&+ur+a, a ) bi +& ()+'i%.i r& u.'a'i n(r5 ).i ) 8& n)?a-a u.) &n) 9a bi +& ()+'i)9r&B&na ra ina (r)9a8&5

DJELOTVORNOST $&ff&-i'i?&n&++ 9)in% '/& ri%/' '/in%, 8& +'u(an8 u )8& ()+'i%nu' -i.82 '& +& )9n)+i na r& u.'a'& i.i i .a & i +u+'a?a5 I .a na (r)m8&r m

bi'i u u(na (r)9a8a '?r' & i.i n& )% (r)9a?a a5U in )?i')+' 8& i ?)B&n8& a9aH& C') 8& m)%uH& b).8&2 (r&ma una(ri8&9 9&

ri'&ri8ima2 9) 98&.)'?)rn)+' u .8u u8& (r&() na?an8& )n)% C') 'r&ba bna(ra?.8&n)2 osi%uravajući pri tome da je oda&rani kriterij od%ovarajući.

*+ L#


10/17

f $ 12 62 2 m *12 *62 2 *n,

-)n'r)..ab.& ?ariab.&+* un-)n'r)..ab.& ?ariab.&+

K F $ 12 62 2 ( *12 *62 2 *W,

K m8&ra ()+'i an8a -i.8a

/STD&+ ri('i?niPr&9i 'i?ni N)rma'i?niI )ni iAna.)%niSimb).i i

/STS(&-i8a.i iraniO(HiK?a.i'a'i?niK?an'i'a'i?ni

Proces dono)enja odluka

#straživanje - T$e #ntelli%ence P$ase

.a?ni )ra-i:'ra &n8& (r)b.&ma (r&() na?an8& -i.8&?a

.a+ifi a-i8a (r)%ramirani i n&(r)%ramirani (r)b.&mi9& )m() i-i8a (r)b.&ma?.a+niC'?) na9 (r)b.&m)m

izajn - T$e desi%n p$asera umi8&?an8& (r)b.&ma'&+'iran8& ()%)9n)+'i r8&C&n8am)9&.iran8&2 '&+'iran8& i ?a.i9a-i8a (r)b.&ma

Kvantitativno modeliranje


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9i8&.)?i m)9&.a+'ru 'ura m)9&.ai b)r na ina )9abirara ?)8 a.'&rna'i?a (r&9?iBan8& i .a am8&r&n8& i .a a+-&nari8i

S.i a : O(Ha +'ru 'ura m)9&.a

Komponente kvantitativno% modeliranja:r& u.'ira8uH& ?ari8ab.&?ari8ab.& )9.u i?an8a

?ari8ab.& i.i (aram&'ri )8i +& n& m)%u )n'r).ira'im&m&Bu ?ari8ab.&

S.i a 3: #a'&ma'i i m)9&.

Princip iz&ora alternativa:n)rma'i?ni m)9&.i )('imi a-i8a


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+ub)('imi a-i8a)(i+ni m)9&.i (rin-i( 9)?).8n) 9)br& a.'&rna'i?&

/azvoj alternativaau')ma'+ )ru n)

Predvi0anje izlaza za svaku alternativu:+i%urn)+'ri i n&+i%urn)+'

*jera postizavanja ciljevau '&rminu a9ani/ -i.8&?au n& )m 9ru%)m '&rminu

Scenariji: ()ma u i9&n'ifi-ira'i ()'&n-i8a.n& m)%uHn)+'i iGi.i (r)b.&ma'i na ()9ru 8a (ru a8u f.& +ibi.n)+' u (.aniran8ui9&n'ifi-ira8u ?)9&H& ') & )8& mana%&m&n' m)ra m)'ri'i ()ma u (ri ?a.i9a-i8i %.a?ni/ (r&'()+'a? i )8& +u +& )ri+'i.& (ri m)9&.iran8u ()ma u (r)?8&ri'i +&n i'i?n)+' (r&9.) &n)% r8&C&n8a na (r)m8&n& u +-&nari8ima

#z&or - T$e c$oice p$ase

#z&or uklju uje:'ra &n8&&?a.ua-i8u (r&()ru a r8&C&n8a m)9&.a

Pristupi traženjuana.i'i & '&/ni &a.%)ri'mi'ra &n8& na+.i8&()/&uri+'i a

valuacija:


13/17

?iC& -i.8&?a+&n i'i?na ana.i a

C') a ) ana.i a'ra &n8& -i.8&?a

T&/ni a ri'i ni/ fa ')ra u+(8&/a 9i8a%n)+'i a '&/ni a )8a a u'?rBi?an8& na8 ri'ifa ')ra a ()+'i an8& )r%ani a-i8+ i/ -i.8&?a

Im(.&m&n'a-i8a

Pro&lemi

+'ru 'uriranin&+'ru 'urirani2 .)C& +'ru 'urirani

(koliko pro&lem može &iti predstavljen od%ovarajućim modelom odlu ivanja koji je rje)iv, tada se kaže da je (r)b.&m $9)br), +'ru 'uriran.

Pro&lem koji ne zadovoljava definiciju strukturirano% pro&lema je $.)C&,n&+'ru 'urirani (r)b.&m5

1...t$e evolutionar" nature of t$e line separatin% structured from unstructureddecisions. T$is line is movin% do2n over time as 2e improve our understandin%of a particular decision.1

Tri mo%uća uzroka nestrukturiranosti pro&lema:+'an8&2 a -i8& i -i.8&?i iGi.i (r&+.i a?an8& i m&Bu +'an8a2 a -i8a i -i.8&?a +u n&+ni8& m)%uH& (r&9+'a?.8an8& (r)b.&ma )9%)?ara8uHim m)9&.)mni8& m)%uH& ri8&Ci'i m)9&.5

3esi%urnost stanja, akcija i ciljeva potje u iz dva izvora:9)n)+i'&.8 )9.u & n&ma nan8a ) (r)b.&mu $fun9am&n'a. un+'ru-'ur&2 un-&r'ani'*,)9%)?ara8uHi m)9&. )9.u i?an8a m) & bi'i +')/a+'i an2 )9n)+n) +'an8a i.i (r&+.i a?an8m)%u bi'i r& u.'a'i +.u a8ni/ (r)-&+a $+')/a+'i- un+'ru-'ur&2 ri+ ,

Prosud&a o nepostojanju od%ovarajuće% modela 4representation unstructure5 zakonkretan pro&lem može &iti temeljena na:

u?8&r&n8u i.i (&r-&(-i8i )ri+ni ar& u.'a'ima ?a.i9a-i8& m)9&.a?a.i9a-i8i m)9&.a )riC'&n8&m nan+'?&ni/ m&')9a


14/17


15/17

)mbina-i8a '&/ni a m)9&.iran8a i ana.i & + ba )m ()9a'a a i '&/ni ama (ri a i?an8& ()9a'a a (r)Cir&n8& + )b ir)m na 8&9n)+'a?n)+' )riC'&n8a2 m)%uHn)+' (r&)b.i )?an8a (ri.a%)9.8i?)+' $ a ra .i u )9 i ?rCn& u in )?i')+'i,m&Bu98&.)?an8& + i ?)B&n8&m 'ran+a -i8a i )+'a.im inf)rma-i8+ im +u+'a?ima a+u u(ra?.8a i inf)rma-i8+ i +u+'a?i i ur&9+ i +u+'a?i5

S.i a 11: Su+'a? 9)n)C&n8a )9.u a2 $S(ra%u&2 ar.+)n2 13 6,

+a/'e3a “sna%a$, pri2a%od2/i'ost i #orisnost s!sta'a 0a podr4#!od2! i'an/! do2a0i od mo%!3nosti me !d/e2o'an/a #orisni#a i s!sta'a.S'a mo%!3nost s!sta'a mora iti !s#2a ena i primi/en/ena #ro0 mod!2“di/a2o%$. Bennett (1977) di/e2i mod!2 “di/a2o%$ na tri di/e2a: “a#ci/a$, i2i

ono 4to #orisni# mo;e raditi !n!tar s!sta'a, “pre0entaci/a$, i2i ono 4to#orisni# 'idi, “ a0a 0nan/a$, i2i ono 4to #orisni# mora 0nati da i semo%ao #oristiti s!sta'om i s!d/e2o'ati ! proces! od2! i'an/a. 5a0'o/mod!2a “podaci$ s!sta'a 0a podr4#! od2! i'an/! /e !%2a'nom !s#2a ens ra0'o/em tehno2o%i/e a0a podata#a. *od!2 “mode2i$ po'e0!/e a0!podata#a s mode2ima #o/i s!d/e2!/! ! proces! od2! i'an/a, te morapodr;a'ati r0o i /ednosta'no st'aran/e no'ih mode2a, ost'ari'an/e#om!ni#aci/e me


16/17

donosite2/! od2!#e s#!p mo%!3nosti #o/e mo;e primi/eniti ! ne#oms2i/ed!, te na ta/ se na in pri2a%o a'ati na inima spo0na/e donosite2/aod2!#a, odnosno, mora iti neo'isan i 'o en od strane #orisni#a.

S.i a : Su+'a? a u(ra?.8an8& ()9a-ima

lementi model mana%ement podsustava: ba a m)9&.a+u+'a? a u(ra?.8an8& m)9&.ima 8& i a m)9&.iran8&

a'a.)% m)9&.a

i ?rC&n8&2 in'&%ra-i8a i u(ra?.8an8& m)9&.ima

S.i a 16: Su+'a? a u(ra?.8an8& m)9&.ima


17/17

8lavne oso&ine su elja:)+i%ura?a +u &.8& + +u+'a?ima a u(ra?.8an8& m)9&.ima i ()9a-ima ()9r a?a ?iC& +u+'a?aG?r+'a 9i8a.)%a)m)%uHa?a )riC'&n8& ?iC& ?r+'a )b.i a i .a a i +u+'a?a (ri.a%)Ba?a +& ra ini )9.u i?an8a G )ri+ni a)m)%uHa?a (ri.a%)9bu -i8&.)% +u+'a?a a r8&Ca?an8& ra .i i'i/ ?r+'a (r)b.&ma

S.i a 14: Su &.8&

Podr)ka koju daje SP+:S?a a ra ina )9.u i?an8a na9)%raBu8& +& na (r&'/)9nu2 a.i m) & i 9)(rini8&'i )9.u i?an

na (r&'/)9n)8 ra ini:

S.i a 1@: P)9rC a SPO a

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