tam£m¿l-amb Pam-AØv€¦ · Islam Inter national Pub lications , Ker ala For t Road, Kann ur- 670 001. First Edition : 1951 Second Edition : 1967 Third Edition : 1982 Four th Edition

tam£m¿l-ambPam-AØv


auem\m A_vZp-√mlv kmln_v H.A.

]km-[-I¿:

Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, tIcft^m¿´v tdmUv, IÆq¿˛ 670 001

MOKSHARHAMAYA JAMA-ATH

Author :Hazrath Moulana Abdullah Sahib H.A.

Published by :Islam International Publications , Ker ala

Fort Road, Kannur- 670 001.

First Edition : 1951Second Edition : 1967

Third Edition : 1982Fourth Edition : 1990

Fifth Edition : 1996Sixth Edition : 2007

Copies : 3000

DTP & Layout :BRB Offset Printing Press

Price : Rs.20/-

IIPK/7

D≈-S°w

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v ...................................................................................... 6

KŸ-I¿Øm-hn-s\-∏‰n .......................................................................... 7

apkvenw-I-fpsS C∂sØ \ne ......................................................... 11

apkvenw-Iƒ ]e I£n-Iƒ................................................................ 13

apkvenw-I-fpsS A[x-]-X-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥..................... 21

apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m¿ A[x-]-X\w kΩ-Xn-°p∂p ................ 23

]h-N\ßƒ ]pe¿∂-Xn-\p-tijw................................................ 27

GXmWv B I£n ............................................................................... 30

tam£-]m-]vXn-bpsS e£-W-ßƒ................................................ 32

Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v a‰p-≈-h¿ ............................. 35

t\Xm-hns\ A\p-k-cn-°Ww .......................................................... 38

Pam-A-Øv \ne-hnen√ ......................................................................... 39

thdn´ \yq\-]£w................................................................................ 44

kz¿§m-h-Im-in-Iƒ................................................................................ 47

FXn¿°-s∏-Sp∂ Pam-AØv ............................................................. 49

X_veo-Kv sNøp∂ Pam-AØv .......................................................... 56

Jeo-^-bpsS t\XrXzw ....................................................................... 64

hmKvZØ \_n-bpsS injy-kwLw............................................... 72

Ckvem-ans\ Pbn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿ ......................................................... 77

A\p-KrloX hn`mKw .......................................................................... 85

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v

"tam£m¿l-amb Pam-AØv' F∂ t]cn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-

°p∂ Cu ]pkvXIw tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cm¿? F∂ io¿j-

I-Øn¬ Icp-\m-K-∏≈n Alva-Znøm PamAØv 1951-˛¬ ]kn-≤-

s∏-Sp-Ønb ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Bdmw ]Xn-∏m-Ip-∂p.

]ikvX ]fin-X\pw ]K¤ Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\p-ambncp∂

auem\m _n. A_vZp-√mlv kmln-_v(-dlv) Fgp-Xnb Cu

]pkvXIw kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ°v Bflob A\p-K-l-Øn\v Imc-

W-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂v Rßƒ ]Xo£n-°p-∂p.

IÆq¿, kZv¿,1.4.2007 Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,

tIcf

9tam£m¿l-amb Pam-AØv8 tam£m¿l-amb Pam-AØv

X-Øn¬ hnip-≤n-bpsS ]cn-afw Nm¿Øm-\p-ambn At±lw ]pWy-

Jm-Zn-bm-\n-te-°-b-®p. Aßs\ KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ hnZym-`ym-

k-Imew apgp-h\pw JmZn-bm-\n-emWv Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. Ahn-sS-\n∂v At±lw ]©m_v bq\n-thgvkn-‰n-bnse F®v.-F. (tlm-

tWgvkv C≥ Ad-_n-Iv) F∂ D∂X _ncpZw kºm-Zn-®p. ]n∂oSvtIc-f-Øn-seßpw "F®v.-F. auehn' F∂ t]cn¬ At±lw

Adn-b-s∏-Sm-\p≈ ImcWw AXm-bn-cp-∂p. 1927-˛¬ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn sX∂n-¥y-bnepw kntem-Wnepw AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ]Nm-

c-I\pw h‡m-hp-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p. AXn-\p-tijap≈At±-l-Øns‚ PohnXw tIcf apkvenw hrØ-Øn¬ ]tXy-

Iw- Adn-b-s∏-´Xpw hf-sc-b-[nIw ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂-Xp-am-

Wv. lZvdØv auem\m A–p-√mlv kmln-_v(-dlv) Ad-_n,^m¿kn, D¿-Zp, Xan-gv, Cw•o-jv, ]©m-_n, ae-bmfw F∂o mjm-

`n-⁄\pw ]K-¤- Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw D÷z-e ]kw-K-I-\p-w A\p-Kr-loX hnhm-Z-a¿Ω-⁄-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ tijvT-

X-sb-∏-‰nbpw hn-ip≤Jp¿-Bs‚ al-\o-b-X-sb-°p-dn®pwAt±lw A\-h[n ]pkvX-I-ßfpw teJ-\-ßfpw cNn-®n-´p-≠v.

"A∂p-_p-∆Øp ^n¬ Ckvemw' (C-kvem-anse ]hm-N-I-Xzw)F∂ hnipX _rl-ZvK-Ÿ-am-Wv At±-l-Øns‚ amÃ¿]o-kv.

1968- ¬ At±lw Cl-temIw shSnbp-∂-Xphsc Ak-Xy-Øn\pw

A[¿Ω-Øn\pw FXn-sc Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. [\y-ambB I¿Ω-]m-X-bn-eq-sS-Xs∂ At±lw Xs‚ c£n-Xm-hn-te°v

aS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

KŸ-I¿Øm-hn-s\-∏‰nc≠p-hm°v

lZvdØv auem\m ibvJv aplvbn-±o≥ kmln-_ns‚ koa-

¥-]p-X-\mb KŸ-I¿Ømhv 1895-˛¬ ]g-b-ßm-Sn-bn¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXmhv AXo-h-`-‡\pw aX-]-fin-X\pw

A∂sØ ]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§-Ønse Hcp hnπ-h-Im-cn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. aX-kn-≤-m¥-ßfpw Xm¬]-cy-ß-fp-sa-√mw-Xs∂ a\p-jy-_p-

≤nbv°pw A¥-n\pw A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pAt±lw \njvI¿j-n®n-cp-∂p. Alva-ZnøØv kzoI-cn-°p∂ Imcy-

Øn¬ At±-lsØ hf-sc-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n-®Xpw B ho£-

W-KXn Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Cu \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-Øn-emWv At±lw Alva-Zn-øØv kzoI-cn-®Xpw ]cn-ip≤ JmZn-

bm≥ kµ¿in-®-Xpw. AXns\ XpS¿∂v Chn-SpsØ apkven-bm°∑m-cn¬\n∂pw s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw At±-lØn\v

t\cntS≠n h∂ a¿±-\-ßfpw bmX-\-Ifpw C∂sØ Alva-Zn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw Duln-°m≥ høm-Ø-Xm-Wv. ]t£, At±-l-

Øns‚ at\m-ss[-cyhpw ZrV-hn-izm-khpw AsXm∂pw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øn-√.

]pWy-Jm-Zn-bm-\n¬\n∂v aS-ßn-h-∂-tijw A∂v ]Xn-

\©v hb-p-amXw ]mb-am-bn-cp∂ Xs‚ ]pXs\ Ckvem-ans‚ bYm¿∞ XØz-ßfpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]Tn-°m\pw Pohn-


apkvenw-I-fpsS C∂sØ \ne

Hcp ÿm]\w FX-Xs∂ kpkw-L-Sn-Xhpw sFIyw]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠p∂ \n¿t±-i-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am-bn-cp∂m-epw, XZ-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Hcp- N´sat∂mWw, Ime-m¥-c-Øn¬`n∂m-`n-]m-b-°m-cmbn, ]e I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-bp-∂p-sh-∂-Xp-Hcp Ncn-X-]-c-am¿∞-am-W-t√m. kXym-fl-m°-fmb ]hm-N-I-∑m-cm¬ ÿm]n-X-ß-fmb aX-ß-fpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fnepw Cu\nbaw hym]cn®p h∂-Xmbn \ap°p ImWmw. apkvenw-Iƒ°pwCu \nb-a-Øn¬\n∂p Hgn-™p-\n¬-°m≥ km[n-®n-ń-√. Hcp]tXyI P\-Xbvt°m Hcp ]tXyI cmPy-°m¿t°m th≠n-amXw ]t_m-[n-°-s∏´ aX-ß-fpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Ime-I-a-Øn¬ I£n-]-Xn-I-£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™-Xp-t]m-se, F√m Ime-tØ-°p-ap≈ ]cn-]q¿Æ-a-X-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw Ckvem-ans‚ A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Imew sN∂-t∏mƒ `n∂-I-£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™p-t]mbn F∂ ]c-am¿∞w Bcmepw \ntj-[n-°m-h-X-√. Ckvemw[¿Ω-Øn¬ I£n-Xz-Øn\v ÿm\-an-s√-∂pw, AXv sFIy-sØ-°p-dn®v \njvI¿jn-®p-sIm≠v AXn-te-°m-h-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-ap≈Xv hmkvXhw Xs∂. AtX-]-Imcw apkvenw-Iƒ ]e I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™v Ah¿ At\ym-\yw, CX-c- a-X-Ønse Ahm-¥-c-I-£n-I-tf-°mfpw IqSp-X¬


F∂v hmZn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-∂Xv ]c-kyamb Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Ip-∂p.

Ahkm\ImesØ apkvenw-Iƒ blqZn \km-dm-°-fpsSBNm-c--ßfpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw ssIs°m≈pIbpw Ah-sc-t∏mse hnhn[ I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂pw, BI£n-I-fn¬ Hcp-Iq-´¿ amXsa tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cm-bn-cn-°-bp≈q F∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]h-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂XpsIm≠v,Cu Hmtcm I£nbpw Xßƒ amX-amWv B bYm¿∞-ambCkvem-anI kwL-sa∂v kzbw hmZn-®p-h-cp-∂p. C]-Imcw hmZn-°m≥ F√m Hmtcm I£n°pw Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠-¶n-epw, Aßs\hmZn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xp-sIm≠p amXw GsX-¶n-ep-samcp I£n B]tXyI c£-bv°-h-Im-in-bmb kwL-am-sW∂v hcn-I-bn-√.temI-Øp≈ `n∂-a-X-ÿ-tcm-tcm-cp-Øcpw Xm¥m-ß-fpsS aX-amWv GI-k-Xy-[¿Ω-sa∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-h-t√m. F∂m¬,hn`n-∂hpw H∂n-s\m∂v hn]-co-X-hp-am-bp≈ kn≤m-¥-mZ¿i-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu aX-ß-sf√mw Hcp-t]mse kXy-ambn-cn-°m≥\nhr-Øn-bn-√. ]am-W-ßfpw kPo-h-Zr-„m-¥-ßfpw aptJ\ kXy-sa∂v sXfn-bp∂ aX-tatXm AXv amXamWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬kXy-a-Xw. F¶n-epw, Hmtcm aX-°m¿°pw Xß-fp-tSXv kXy-a-X-sa∂v hmZn-°m≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠∂v amX-a-√, Xm¥m-ß-fpsSaX-tØmSp ]Xn-]Øn-bp≈ Ime-tØmfw Ah-c-ßs\ hmZn-t°-≠-Xp-amWv. CtX-]-Im-cw-X-s∂, Hmtcm aX-Øn-tebpw Ahm-¥-c-I-£n-Iƒ°pw Xß-fmWv B aX-Øns‚ bYm¿∞m-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ F∂v hmZn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu \ne-bn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ,apkvenw-I-fn-ep≈ Hmtcm I£n°pw tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmbIq´¿ Xß-fm-sW∂v hmZn-°m≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. F∂m¬, Ah¿A]-Imcw hmZn-°p-∂XpsIm≠p-amXw Ah-cmWv tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B km£m¬ Ckvem-an-I-kw-L-sa∂v hcpI-bn-√. AXn-te°v B hmZsØ km£o-I-cn-°p∂ ]am-W-ßfpwe£y-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-X-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv.

apkvenw-I-ƒ ]e I£n-Iƒtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-X-bp≈ B I£n GXm-sW∂pw

B I£n-°p-≠m-bn-cn -t°≠ e£-W-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-

hntZz-j-Ønepw Ak-ln-jvWp-Xm- m-h-Ønepw h¿Øn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xpw A\n-tj-[y-amb Hcp hmkvX-h-am-Ip-∂p. Cu I£n-h-g-°p-aqew apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn\v A\p-`-h-amb \„w FX oa-am-sW-∂Xv Ncn-X-a-dn-bp-∂-h-cn¬\n∂v ad-™-X-√. Cu I£n-Xzw cm„o-bhpw h¿§o-bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb kwK-Xn-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Df-hm-b-Xm-sW-¶nepw AXn\v Hcp ÿnc-]-XnjvTe`n-®Xv aX-Im-cy-Øn-em-Wv. apkvenw-Iƒ cm„o-b-am-b-\n-e-bn¬A[x-]Xn°pIbpw Ah-cpsS A¥pw ta∑bpw Ah¿°v \„-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn cm„obhpw h¿§o-bhp-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-t∑-ep≈ Ah-cpsS `n∂-X-Iƒ°v Ipsd-sbms°s]mdp-Xn-bp-≠m-sb-¶n-epw, aX-hn-j-bsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ I£n-a-’-c-Øn\v bmsXmcp £oWhpw X´p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. adn®v Cu I£nXzw h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cn-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.apkven-Iƒ cm„o-b-\n-e-bn¬ FXbpw A[x-]-Xn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p∂ C°meØpw Ah¿°v euIn-I-Im-cy-ß-fn¬t]mepw CuaX-am-’-cyhpw A°m-c-W-Øm-ep≈ hntcm-[hpw AI-‰n-\ndpØm≥ km[n-°p-∂n√. AXp-a-√, Xßƒ amX-amWvbYm¿∞ apkvenw-I-sf∂ hmZw Ah-cn-ep≈ Hmtcm I£nbpwcm„o-b-cw-K-Øp-t]mepw hen-®n-g®p sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. t\m°pI! inbm-°fpw kp∂n-Ifpw XΩn¬ tZzjn-°p-Ibpw

hg-°-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂p amX-a-√, kp∂n-I-fn-ep≈Dƒ∏n-cn-hp-Iƒ At\ym\yhpw inbm-°-fn-ep≈ Ahm¥cI£n-Iƒ At\ym-\yhpw ]I-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Hcp mKØv CuI£n-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ Cßs\ a’cw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

tºmƒ as‰mcp `mKØv "apJ-√nZpw' "ssK¿ap-J-√nZpw' XΩnepwDev]-Xn-jvWp°fpw bmYm-ÿn-Xn-Icpw XΩnepw XI-cmdp IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. thsdmcp `mK-Øm-I-s´, hlvZ-Øp-¬hp-Pq-Zn-Iƒ (A-ssZz-X-hm-Z-nIƒ), ]Ir-Xn-hm-Zn-Iƒ, Xzco-J-ØpIm¿ BZn-bmb I£n-I-fpsS a’-c-tIm-em-lew \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Npcp-°n-∏-dbp∂-Xmbm¬, apkvenw-Iƒ ]e I£n-I-fmbn ]ncnbp-Ibpw aX-]-c-ambn ]c-kv]cw "Im^n-dm-'°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ `n∂m-`n-]m-b-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Hmtcm I£nbpw Xß-fpsS hnizm-khpw kº-Zm-bhpw amX-amWv bYm¿∞- Ckvemw


""Xo¿®-bmbpw Fs‚ DΩ-Øn¬ ]e-Iq-ćpw D≠m-bn-Øo-cpw. t]∏- n-hnjw Hcp-hs‚ D≈n¬, Hcp Rcºpw Hcp k‘phpwHgn-™p-t]m-Im-Ø-hn-[w hym]-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ah-cpsSD≈n¬ tkz—-Iƒ hym]-cn-°pw.''

Cu ]h-N-\sØ hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn\p aptº, CXn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp Bt£-]-Øn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. Cu lZokv icn-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-]£w apkvenw-I-fn¬ Hcp sNdnb hn`mKwamXta bYm¿∞ apkvenw-I-sf∂v hcn-I-bp-≈q-sh∂pw Aßs\_lp-`q-cn-]£w hgn-]n-g-®-h-cm-sW∂v hcp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXvkzoIm-cy-a-s√-∂p-amWv Nne¿ ]dbm-dp-ffXv. CXv, Cu lZo-kns‚bYm¿∞ Xm¬]-cyhpw apkvenw-I-fpsS C∂sØ ÿnXnbpwa\-n-em-°mØXpsIm-≠-p≠m-bn-Øo¿∂ Hcm-t£-]-am-Wv.hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-cmb \nth-Z-I-∑m-cm¬ ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-´-Xpw,Xn¿anZn, Alva-Zv, A_q-Zm-hqZv apX-em-b-h-cpsS lZo-kp-K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw _pJm-cn, apkvenw apX-em-b-h-cpsS KŸ-ß-fnepwtN¿Ø a‰p lZo-kp-I-fm¬ km£o-I-cn-°-s∏- -Xpw, hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ kqN-\-I-fm¬ hmkvX-h-sa∂v sXfn-bp-∂-Xpw, kw`-hw-aqew kXy-sa∂v kqcy-]-Im-iw-t]mse ]Xy-£-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb Cu lZokv hniz-k-\o-b-a-s√∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv, D®-k-a-bØv IÆ-S-®p-sIm≠v "Ct∏mƒ Ccp-´m-sW∂v' ]d-b-p∂-Xn\vXpey-am-Ip-∂p. A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hcpw ]c-kv]cw Ip^vdpsIm≠v hn[n-°p-∂-h-cp-amb hnhn[ I£n-Isfapkvenw-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ \man∂v ImWp-∂p. Cu ÿnXn-°v,]kvXpX lZokv _e-lo-\-amb Hcp \nth-Z-\-am-bn-cp-∂mepwAXns\ km£o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmb a‰p lZo-kp-Iƒ Cs√∂ncp-∂m-epw, AXn¬ ]d-bp∂ kwKXn ]Xy-£-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®p-Im-Wp-tºmƒ AXns\ kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√.

C\n ]kvXpX hN-\-Øns‚ hymJym-\-Øn-te°v ]th-in-®p-sIm-≈mw. B lZo-kn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-Iƒ Ah-

sW∂pw hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p aptº, apkvenw-I-fpsS I£n-]n-cn-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS B ]h-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-Xs∂ ]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈s´!

A–p-√m-lv _n≥ Awdv(d) \nth-Z\w sNøp∂p: \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]d™p: ""Hcp tPmSn sNcn∏v At\ym\yw kmZr-iy-ap-≈-h-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-]-Im-cw, Ckvdm-bo¬°m-cn¬ kw`-hn-®-Xp-t]m-se-sb√mw Xo¿®-bmbpw Fs‚ DΩ-Ønepw kw -hn°pw; Ctß-

b‰w Ah-cn¬ h√-h\pw Xs‚ amXm-hns\ ]c-ky-ambn ]cnK-ln-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw Fs‚ DΩ-Ønepw A]-ImcwsNøp-∂-h-\p-≠m-bn-h-cpw. Ckvdm-bo¬Im¿ Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™p. Fs‚ P\-am-Is´ Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-I-fmbn ]ncnbpw; Ah-cn¬ Hcp-Iq-´-scm-gnsI as‰-√m-hcpw \c-I-

Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw. Ah¿ (k-Jm-°ƒ) tNmZn®p: A√tbm ssZh-ZqXtc! B I£n GXmWv? Xncp-ta\n ]d™p: Rm\pw Fs‚klm-_n-amcpw D≈-\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂-h¿Xs∂ (an-iv°m-Øv). Cu lZo-kns‚ Ah-km-\- mKw Alva-Zv, A_q-Zm-hqZv F∂n-h¿ \nth-Z\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv C]-Im-c-amWv:˛

""Fgp-]-Øn-c≠pw \c-I-Ønepw H∂p-amXw kz¿§-ØnepwBbn-cn-°pw. B H∂v A¬Pam-A-Øm-bn-cn-°p-w'' (an-iv°m-Øv).CXns\ XpS¿∂v Xncp-ta\n Cß-t\bpw Acpƒ sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p:˛


\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(k) ]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠m-Ip∂ ]e `b-¶c kw`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]d-™-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Ah "⁄m\w' C√m-

Xm-bn-t]m-Ip∂ Ime-ØmWv kw`-hn-°pI F∂v ]d-™-t∏mƒ,knbmZv F∂ Hcp injy≥ Cßs\ tNmZn-®p. ""A√tbm ]hm-N-Itc! Jp¿-B≥ Rßƒ HmXn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pIbpw AXns\Rßƒ Rß-fpsS k¥m-\-ßƒ°pw Ah¿ Ah-cpsS k¥-Xn-Iƒ°pw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ A¥y\mƒhscB IrXyw XpS¿∂p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂n-cn-°p-tºmƒ]ns∂ Fß-s\-bmWv ⁄m\w C√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-IpI?'' CXn\vXncp-ta\n kam-[m-\-a-cp-fnbXv C]-Im-c-amWv:

""knbmtZ! Rm≥ \nßsf aZo-\-°m-cn¬sh®v A[nIwhnth-I-ap≈ Bsf∂v hnNm-cn-®n-cp-∂p-ht√m! Cu blq-Zn-IfpwInkvXm\n-Ifpw, XudmØpw C©oepw hmbn-°p-∂nt√?F∂m¬, Ah¿ Ahbn¬ D≈-]-Imcw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂n-√t√m!''(an-iv-°m-Øv). Cu lZo-kn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv, bYm¿∞-amb ⁄m\w Jp¿-Bs‚ ⁄m\-am-sW∂pw B ⁄m\w Hcp-Im-eØv apkvenw-I-fn¬\n∂v ad-™p-t]m-Ip-sa∂pw A∂p-≈-h¿Jp¿-B≥ HmXp-sa-¶nepw Ah¿ blqZn \km-dm-°ƒ Xß-fp-sS -[¿Ω-Øn¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-®p-t]m-b-Xp-t]mse Jp¿-Bs‚D]-tZ-i-Øn¬\n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-Ip-sa∂pam-Wv.

km-\-Im-esØ apkvenw-Iƒ°v amXw _m[-I-am-Ip-∂-h-bm-Ip-

∂p. Ah¿ ]e I£n-I-fmbn∏ncn™v Ckvem-an¬ \n∂-I∂vblq-Zn-\-km-dm-°-sf-t∏m-se-bmbn `hn-°p-sa-∂pw, A°m-eØv

Ah-cn¬ alvZo-ako-lns\ A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-°p-sa∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS a‰p Nne hN-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p.AtX kwK-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p-X-s∂-bmWv ta¬]-h-N-\-Øn¬as‰mcp cq]-Øn¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu hkvXpX \√-t]mse hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xn\v A¥y-Im-esØ apkvenw-I-fpsSÿnXn-sb-°p-dn®v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ a‰p Nne]h-N-\-ßsf ChnsS D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≈mw.

A_q kCuZn¬ JpZvcn(d) \nth-Z\w sNøp∂p: \_n(k)]d-™p. ""Xo¿®-bmbpw \nßƒ \nßƒ°p aptºbp-≈-h-cpsS\S-]-Sn-Isf NmWn\p NmWmbpw apg-Øn\p apg-ambpw ]n¥p-Scpw; Ctß-b-‰w, Ah¿ Hcp DSp-ºns‚ s]mØn¬ IS-∂n-´p-

s≠-¶n¬ AXn¬ \nßfpw IS-∂p-sN-√pw. "A√tbm ZqXtc!B aptºbp-≈-h¿ F∂Xv blq-Zcpw \k-mdm-°-fp-amtWm?'F∂v tNmZn-°-s∏-´t∏mƒ, "]ns∂-bm¿?' F∂v Xncp-ta\ntNmZn®p (_p-Jm-cn). CXn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv aptºbp-≤-cn®]h-N-\-Øn¬ ]d™ kwKXn Xs∂-bm-Wv. CXn¬\n∂v shfn-

hm-Ip-∂-Xv, blqZn \k-mdm-°-fpsS BNm-c-k-º-Zm-b-ß-tfbpwA‘-hn-izm-k-ß-tfbpw Hcp ImeØv apkvenw-Iƒ ssIs°m-≈p-sa∂pw Ah-sc-t∏mse Ch-cnepw ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ I£n-h-g-°p-Ifpw `n∂-X-Ifpw D¬`-hn-°p-sa∂pw Aßs\ Ch¿bYm¿∞ Ckvem-an¬\n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-Ipsa∂pamWv. Hcn-°¬


N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv- A-h-km-\-Im-eØv apkvenw-Iƒ s]mXpsh Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Aßs\Ah¿ ]cs° [m¿Ωn-I-\n-e-bn¬ A[x-]-Xn-®p-t]m-ImsX HcpsNdnb \yq\-]£w amX-amWv Zpjn-®p-t]m-b-sX-¶n¬, Ckvem-ans‚ t]cpw Jp¿-Bs‚ FgpØpw amXw tijn-°p∂ HcpImew hcp-sa∂pw A∂v Ah-cpsS ]≈-nIƒ `‡n-iq-\y-ßfpwAh-cpsS Benw-Iƒ \nIr-„-cmbnØocp-sa∂pw ]d-bm-h-X-√.sNdnb Hcp-]£w Zpjn-®p-t]m-IpI-sb-∂Xv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsSASp-Ø-Im-e-tijw amX-a-√, Xs‚ Ime-Øp-X-s∂bpw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Jp¿-B\pw Ckvem-ap-am-bn´v \ma-am-X-amb _‘-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hcpw \nIr-„-cmb Benw-Ifpw C√m-Xn-cp-∂-Imewapkvenw-I-fn¬ D≠m-bn- n-√. B ÿnXn°pw Jp¿-B-s‚- en-]nbpwCkvem-ans‚ t]cpw tijn-°p∂ Hcp Imew-h-cp-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]h-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv apkvenw-Iƒ s]mXpsh Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip∂ Imew hcp-sa∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. A∂vJp¿-Bs‚ ⁄m\w ad-™p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂pw, blq-Zn-\-km-dm-°ƒXudmØpw C©oepw hmbn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse apkvenw-I-fn¬ Jp¿-B≥ HmXp-∂-h-cp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶n-epw, Ah¿ AX-\p-k-cn®vPohn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°n-s√-∂pw, Ah¿ blqZn \km-dm-°-sf-]q¿Æambpw A\p-Icn-°p-sa∂pw a‰pw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xvapkvenw-Iƒ°v s]mXpsh Cu ÿnXn D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xs∂-bm-sW∂v B Hcp \_n-h-N-\hpw hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. F∂p amX-a-√, Cu ÿnXn Hcp I£nsb amXw _m[n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂p hcn-In¬ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v CØ-c-Øn¬ ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xp-a-√. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp sNdn-b-]£w ]q¿∆-Im-e-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Ah-km-\-Im-e-Øp-amXwAßs\ Nne¿ D≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv icn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-a-√.

CXn\pw ]pd-ta, Fg-p]Ønaq∂v I£n- D¤-hn-°p-∂-Xn-

s\-°p-dn®v ]kvXm-hn-°p∂ lZo-kn¬Øs∂ apkvenw-I-fpsS

CS-bn¬ tkz—-Iƒ°-Sn-as∏-Sp∂ ]e Iqćpw D≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂v

]d™ncn-°p-∂Xpw ]h-Nn-°-s∏´ B [m¿Ωn-Im-[x-]-X\wapkvenwIƒ°v s]mXpsh D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂v a\-n-

lZvdØv Aen(-d) \nth-Z\w sNøp∂p: \_n(-k) ]d-™p: ""Xo¿®-bmbpw P\-ß-fn¬ Hcp Imew hcpw. A∂v Ckvem-ans‚ \mahpw Jp¿-Bs‚ -en-]nbpw amXw tijn°pw; Ah-cpsS ]≈n-Iƒ P\-s∏-cp-am-‰-ap-≈-h-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶nepw Ah`‡niq\y-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw; Ah-cpsS Benw-Iƒ BIm-i-Øn-\pIo-gn¬ G‰hpw \nIr-„-cm-bn-cn-°pw. ^nXv\ Ah-cn¬\n∂v]pd-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-cn-te-°p-Xs∂ aS-ßn-s®-√p-Ibpw sNøpw''(an-iv°m-Øv). Cu \_n-hm-Iy-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Ckvem-an-t‚bpw Jp¿-B-t‚bpw t]cp-amXw _m°n-bm-Ip-am-dp≈ Xc-Øn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ°v Ckvemapw Jp¿-B-\p-am-bp≈ Bfl-_‘wC√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-IpIbpw \∑-I-fpsS \neb-\-ß-fm-bn-cn-t°≠ Ah-cpsS ]≈n-Iƒ _mly-\n-e-bn¬ Ae-wIr-X-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶n-epw, ‡n-iq-\y-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw, k∑m¿t§m-]-tZiw sNtø-≠p∂ Benw-Iƒ a‰p-f-f-h-cnepw Ihn™ \nIr-„cpw Ckvem-an\v tZmj-Im-cn-I-fp-ambnØocp-I-bpw- sN-øp-sa-∂m-Wv.

Cß-s\-bp≈ lZo-kp-Iƒ, apkvenw-I-fpsS I£n-∏n-cn-hn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂ aptºbp-≤-cn® ]h-N-\sØ km£o-I-cn-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøp-∂p. AsX, ta¬]-d™ \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv, Ah-km-\-Im-esØ apkvenw-Iƒs]mXpsh Zpjn®v k∑m¿§-Øn¬\n-∂-I∂p t]mIpIbpwAh¿°v Ckvem-ap-am-bp≈ _‘w \ma-am-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-IbpwsNøp-sa-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ, Cu ÿnXn GsX-¶n-ep-samcptZi-Øp-≈-htcm Hcp ]tXyI A`n-]m-b-°mtcm Bb apkvenw-Isf amXw _m[n-°p-∂-X-s√-∂pw, F√m cmPy-°mcpw F√mhn`m-K-°m-cp-amb apkvenw-I-tfbpw s]mXpsh _m[n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C∏-d-™-]-Im-cw-Xs∂apkvenw-Iƒ s]mXpsh Zpjn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Ah-cpsSÿnXn-Xs∂ hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂p. Aß-s\-bn-cns° Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v I£n-bpw Ckvem-an¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-®p-t]m-b-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p≈ hN\w kzoIm-cy-a-s√∂pw AXv hniz-kn-°p-∂-]£w qcn-]£w apkvenw-Iƒ Zpjn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-h-cp-sa∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv A¿∞-c-ln-Xhpw A\p-`-h-Øn\v hn]-co-X-hp-am-Ip-∂p. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A\-h[n ]h-


bn-Øo¿∂-Xp-sIm-≠√; adn-®v, temI-sØ-√m-bn-S-Øp-ap≈apkvenw-I-fn¬ ]cs° B tZmj-ßƒ _m[n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. sFln-I-Po-hn-X-tØm-Sp≈ t]ahpw ac-W-Øn-ep≈ `bhpw apkvenw-I-fn¬ s]mXpsh D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-IbpwAh¿ Hgp-°n¬s∏´ N≠n-N-h-dp-Iƒ t]mse-bmbn hn-°p-Ibpw

sNø-W-sa-¶n¬, ]cs° Ah¿ [m¿Ωn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-ambnFXbpw A[x-]-Xn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ apkvenw-

I-fpsS Bflo-bm-[x-]-X-\-sØ°pdn®v ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv, CuAhÿ Ah¿°v s]mXpsh D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xp- sIm-≠p-X-

s∂-bm-sW∂v ]e lZo-kp-I-fpw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.

apkvenw-I-fpsS A[x-]-X\sØ-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥aptº hnh-cn-®-]-Im-cw, apkvenwI-fpsS Bflo-bm-[x-]-X-

\-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS I£n-∏n-cn-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw a‰pw \_n-

h-N-\-ß-fn¬ kphy‡w ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ AtX kwKXnhnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nepw kqN-I-ambn ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.

Ckm-bo-ey¿ hnhn[ I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™Xpw euIn-I-kp-J-

Øn\pw sFln-I-em- -Øn\pwth≠n ssZh-hn-[n-Isf Ah¿ \nc-kn-®Xpw ]pWym-flm-°sf Ah¿ tZmln-®Xpw a‰pw hnip-≤-

Jp¿-B≥ Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®v FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-I-bpw, Ah-sc-

t∏mse BIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ apkvenw-Isf AXv DZvt_m[n∏n°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ kq£va-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-

h¿°v Cu hmkvXhw a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. apkvenw-IƒAhsc A\p-I-cn-°n-s√-∂p-h-cn-In¬ hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Cu

kwKXn CX i‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-

√. CXn\p ]pdsa kqdx-^m-Øn-lm-bn¬, "aKvfq_pw' "fm√pw'BIm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ft∏mgpw ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°m≥

apkvenw-Iƒ B⁄m-]n-°-s∏- n- p-ap-≠v. "aKvfq_v' F∂-Xp-sIm≠v

hnh-£n-Xam°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv blq-Z-cpw, "fm√v' F∂-Xns‚hnh£nXw \km-dm-°fpw BsW∂v Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw \_n-

h-N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂p-ap-≠v. Cßs\ blq-Zn-\-km-dm-°-fm-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ Jp¿-B≥ D¬t_m-[n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv,

]tXy-In®pw B c≠v kap-Zm-b-ßƒ°p-ap≈ tZmj-ßsf

em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. Cu kwKXn \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS as‰mcphN-\-Øn¬\n∂pw a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]e kap-Zm-b-ßfpw

\mep- m-K-Øp-\n∂pw apkvenw-Isf BI-an-°m≥ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp∂

Hcp-Imew hcp-sa∂v Xncp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™-t∏mƒ "A∂v RßƒIp-d-™-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mtWm' F∂v Hcmƒ tNmZn-®p.

AXn\v Xncp-ta\n ]d™ kam-[m\w CXm-bn-cp∂p:˛

""A√, \nßƒ A∂p hfsc A[n-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]t£,\nßƒ Hgp-°n¬s∏´ N≠n-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-°pw. \nß-fpsSiXp-°-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v \nß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ `bsØA√mlp FSp-Øp-I-f-bp-Ibpw Ah≥ \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßfn¬"hl≥' (Be-kyw) Df-hm-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.'' At∏mƒ""A√tbm ]hm-N-Itc! hl≥ F∂m¬ F¥mWv'' F∂v HcmƒtNmZn-®p. Xncp-ta\n ]d™p: "sFln-I-Po-hn-X-tØm-Sp≈t]ahpw ac-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ òXnbpw Xs∂' (an-iv°m-Øv).Cu Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ImeØv apkvenw-Iƒ CX-c-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Itø-‰-ßƒ°v e£o- -hn-°p-sa∂pw AXvAh¿ FÆ-Øn¬ Ipd-™-h-cm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-bn-s√∂pwA∂m-Is´ Ah¿ hf-sc-b-[nIw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw ]t£,a‰p-≈-h-sc Pbn-°-Ø° KpW-ß-sf√mw Ah¿°v \„-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-am-Wv. C∏-d™ ]Im-cw-X-s∂, apkvenw-Iƒ FÆ-Øn¬ C∂v \m¬∏Xv tImSn-bn-e-[nIw* D≠m-bn´pw sNdpXpwhep-Xp-amb F√m CX-c-k-ap-Zm-b-ßfpw Ahsc \mep-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw \p≈n-∏-dn-°p-amdv Ah¿ Zb-\o-b-amb Hch-ÿ-bn-em-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu \ne h∂n-cn-°p-∂Xpw ]kvXpX ]h-N\--Øn¬ ]d™ tZmj-ßƒ GsX-¶nepw Hcp cmPy-°mtcmHcp ]tXyI I£n-°mtcm Bb apkvenw-Ifn¬ amXw D≠m-

* 1951- -emWv Cu KŸw BZy-ambn ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv.


bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp Ime-Øp≈ apkvenw-I-sf-°p-dn-®m-bn-cn-°mt\ ]mSp-≈q. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp Imew apkvenw-I-fn¬ hcp-sa∂pw A∂v Ah¿ Jp¿-B-\nse ]kvXpX tNmZy-Øn\v XnI®pw e£o-`-hn-°p-am-dm-Ip-sa-∂p-amWv ta¬∏d™BbØv \ap°v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ kqN-I-ambn ]d-™p-X-∂n-cn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-X-s∂-bmWvaptºbp-≤-cn® lZo-kp-I-fm¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) kv]„-am-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

apkvenw ]fin-- X∑m¿ A[x-]-X\w kΩ-Xn-°p∂pAh-km-\-Im-esØ apkvenw-I-fpsS k¿∆-]-Im-tc-W-

bpap≈ A[x-]-X-\-sØ-°p-dn®v \_n(-k) sNbvXn-cn-°p∂Zo¿L-Z¿i-\-ßƒ ]Xy-£cw C°mesØ apkvenw-I-fn¬]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v apkvenw t\Xm-°-∑mcpw aX-]-fin-

X-∑mcpw kΩ-Xn®p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-cWm¿∞w Nne-cpsS ]kvXm-h-\-Isf amXw ChnsS D≤-cn-°p∂p.

A√max kn±oJv lk≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""C∂v Ckvem-ans‚ t]cpw Jp¿-Bs‚ FgpØpw amXta tijn-°p∂p-≈q._mly-\n-e-bn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ ]≈n-Iƒ P\-_-lp-e-ß-fm-sW-

¶nepw Ah tIhew `‡n-iq-\y-ß-fm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°-bm-Wv.kap-Zm-b-Ønse Deam F∂ ]fin-X-h¿§w BIm-i-Øn≥Io-gn¬ G‰hpw \nIr-„-cmbn hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cn¬\n∂v kIeIpg-∏-ßfpw OnZ-ßfpw D¤-hn-°p-Ibpw Ah Ah-cn-te-°p-

Xs∂ aS-ßn-s®-√p-Ibpw sNøp∂p'' (C-JvXn-dm-_p-mAx, `m. 12).

_bvØp¬ap-J-± -kn¬ IqSnb A¥mcm„apkvenwIu¨kn-en¬ ê-kvXo-\nse ap^vØo A-Avkw Cßs\]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ""Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw ssZhsØ ad-∂p-I-f-™p.AXn-\m¬ ssZhw \tΩbpw ssIhn-´p. \mw A√m-lp-hns\ ad-

∂-t∏mƒ Ah≥ \ap°v \sΩ-∏-‰n-bp≈ t_m[hpw C√m-Xm-°n. \Ωƒ Ahs‚ ]hnXKŸ-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ PohnXw Dt]-£n-®-t∏mƒ Ah≥ \sΩbpw Dt]-£n-®p-I-f-™p. \ΩpsSZp¿hr-Øn-Iƒ ImcWw Ah≥ \sΩ \njvTq-ccpw \n¿±-b-cp-amb Hcp-Iq- -cpsS Iogn¬ B°n-Øo¿Øp. apkvenw-Iƒ aX-Imcyw

apkvenw-Iƒ ]I¿°p-sa-∂p-≈Xp sIm≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Cu kwK-

Xnsb hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Hcn-SØv Cß-s\-bmWv a\-n-em-°n-

Ø-cp-∂-Xv.

""A√m-lp-hns‚ ZnIvdn\pw (A-h-¶¬\n-∂v) Cd-ßnb kXy-Øn\pwth≠n lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ `b-`-‡n-bp-≠m-hm-\pw, aptºKŸw \¬Is∏-´-h-sc-t∏mse BIm-Xn-cn-°m\pw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v C\nbpw ka-b-am-bn-ńt√? Ah-cn¬ Hcp Zo¿L-ImewIgn-™-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ISp-Øp-t]mbn; Ah-cn¬A[n-I-t]cpw B⁄m-ew-L-I-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p'' (57:17). Cu hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv "ZnIv¿' AYhm Jp¿-B-s‚bpw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v shfn-s∏´ kXy-Øn-s‚bpw t\¿°v apkvenwƒ°v`b- ‡n \„-am-IpIbpw Ah¿ blq-Zn-\-km-dm-°-sf-t∏mse ITn-\-lr-Z-bcpw B⁄m-ew-L-I-cp-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂ HcpImew hcp-sa-∂m-Wv. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h-sc-°p-dn-®mWv Ah¿°vXß-fpsS Cu \ne am‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ka-b-ambn-ńt√ F∂vChnsS ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C∏-d-™Xv \_n-\m-b-I¿(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-∑m-sc-°p-dnt®m Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tijw ASp-Ø-Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂hsc-°p-dnt®m Bbn-cn-°m≥ Xc-an-√.Fs¥-∂m¬ Ah¿°v Jp¿-Bs‚ t\¿°p≈ `‡n \„-s∏-´p-t]m-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. KŸw e`n-®n´v hf-sc-°mew Ign-™-Xn-\p-tijw Ckm-bo¬°m¿ ITn-\-lr-Z-b-cpw Zp¿hr-Øcpw Bbn-Øo¿∂-t]mse B ]q¿∆-ap-kvenw-Iƒ°v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ e`n-®n´v Zo¿L-Imew Ign-bp-Itbm Ah¿ inem-lr-Z-b-cm-bn-t∏m-IpItbm Ah-cn¬ A[n-Iw-t]cpw [¿Ω-ew-L-I-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂p-an-√. AXp-sIm≠v Jp¿-Bs‚ ta¬]-kvXm-h\ B ]q¿∆-ap-kvenw-I-fpsS \ne-sb-°p-dn®v Bbn-c-n°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√. AXm-I-s´, Jp¿-B≥ h∂n´v At\Iw \q‰m-≠p-IƒIgn-bp-Ibpw XZ-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v AXns‚ t\¿°p≈ ‡n C√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-IpIbpw Ah-cn¬ A[n-I-t]cpw B⁄m-ew-L-I-cm-


ti-j-am -IpIbpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬, Atlm I„w!kz`mhwsIm≠v Ckvdm-bo-ey-sc-t∏m-se-bm-bn-Øo¿∂-h¿ C∂p-s≠∂v amX-a-√, Ah¿ h¿≤n-®p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \mw]utcm-ln-Xy-ÿm-\-ßƒ Itø-‰p. Ckvdm-bo-ey-hm-l-\-Øn-t∑¬Ib-dn-s°m≠v \mw Ah-cp-am-bp≈ ]¥-b-Øn¬ \ΩpsS IpXn-csb Ah-cp-tS-Xn-t\-°m-f-[nIw aptºm´v HmSn-®p. \man-ßs\Ahsc IS∂v apºn¬ t]mIp-sa∂v ]Xn-aq∂v \q‰m≠v aptº\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]h-Nn-®n-cp-∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw Fs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Ckvdm-bo-ey-sc-t∏mse ZpjvI¿Ω-ß-fn¬ apgp-In-t∏mIpw. Ctß-b‰w Ah-cn¬ h√-h\pw Xs‚ amXm-hns\ ]cn-K-ln-®p-sh-¶n¬ Fs‚ DΩ-Ønepw Aßs\ kz¥w amXm-hns\]cn-K-ln-°p∂ hy‡n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn°pw'' (Alvse lZo-kv,25˛9˛31). C\nbpw At±lw ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWp-I. ""Jp¿-B≥\Ωn¬\n∂pw tIhew Db¿∂p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv. \mw Jp¿-B-\n¬ t]cn-\p-amXw hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, kXy-ambpw lrZ-b-Øn¬ \mw AXns\ tIhew \nm-chpw \njv]-tbm-P-\-hp-amb Hcp KŸ-am-bn- mWv Icp-Xp-∂Xv!''(Alvse lZo-kv, 14˛6˛1912).

auem\m A_p¬Iemw BkmZv Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p: ""blq-Zn, \kdm-Wn, apivcnIv F∂n-h-cn-ep≈ F√mtZmj-ßfpw, Ckvem-an\v hn]-co-X-amb \S-]-Sn-Ifpw bq\m≥Im-cp-sS a-X-hn-cp-≤-amb hmZ-ß-fpw, ]m¿kn-I-fpsS kpJ-X-¬]-c-Xbpw, hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cp-tSbpw J_vdv ]qP-I-cp-tSbpw ^nXv\-Ifpw Hs∂m-gn-bmsX ]q¿Æ-\n-e-bnepw i‡n-tb-dnb Xc-Ønepw apkvenw-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. blq-Zcpw\kdm-Wn-Ifpw hgn-tI-Sn-te°v FX Nph-Sp-Iƒ sh®n-cn-°p-∂pthm AXbpw Nph-Sp-Iƒ FÆn-sbÆn apkvenw-Ifpw sh®p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ctß-b‰w "Ah¿ Hcp-Sp-ºn≥ s]mØn¬]th-in-®p-sh-¶n¬ AXn¬ \nßfpw IS-∂p-sN√pw' F∂v]d™ B ka-bhpw h∂p-I-gn-™p. Ch-sb√mw C∂v \mw\ΩpsS IÆm¬ I≠p-h-cp-∂p. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d™n-´p-≠m-bn-cp∂p: "A∂v \nßƒ FÆ-Øn¬ Ipd-™-h-cm-bn-cn-°-bn√ ]t£, \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ "hl≥' (B-e-kyw) D≠m-bn-Øo-cpw. AXp-sIm≠v \nßƒ N≠n-sb-∂-t]mse Hen-®p-

shSn-bp-Ibpw Jp¿-Bs‚ D]-tZ-i-Øn¬\n∂v AI-ep-IbpwsNbvX-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ÿnXn tami-s∏´p XpS-ßn; A⁄X-

bpw A\y-i-‡nbpw Ahsc Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn. Ah¿ Aº-Øn-aq∂v tImSn-bn-e-[nIw D≠m-bn´pw sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb kIekap-Zm-b-ßfpw Ahsc \p≈n-∏-dn-°p∂p'' (^-e-kvXo-\p¬ Ad-_n-ø, 17˛12˛31).

auehn k\m-D-√m-lv km-ln_v Aar-X-kcn At±-l-Øns‚ X^vko-dn¬ Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p: ""]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ \nIr-„-hr-Øn-Ifpw Zp-º-Zm-b-ßfpw apkvenw-I-fn¬s]mXpsh hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-K-Ÿamb hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs\Ah¿ Dt]-£n-®n-cn-°-bm¬,

A-h¿ A√m-lp-hns‚ KŸsØ ]rjvT- m-K-tØ°v X≈n-°-f-™p (3:188) F∂ ssZh-h-N\w Ah-cn¬ XnI®pw kXy-ambn ]pe¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS "anº¿' (]kw-K-th-Zn) I≈-dn-t∏m¿´p-Ifpw \nc¿∞-I-Y-Ifpw ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ÿe-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. XnI®pw kZp-]-tZ-i-ambn ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xpw D]-tZ-in-°m≥ th≠n Cd-ßn-bXpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Xs‚]kw-K-ß-fn¬ D]-tZ-im¿∞w D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xp-ambhnip-≤-Jp¿-B\v sh≈n-bmgvN Znh-ksØ JpXz-v_-I-fn¬t]mepw ÿm\-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂p. "Fs‚ ssZhta! Fs‚ P\wCu Jp¿-Bs\ ssIhn- p-I-f-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂v dkq¬ ]d™p'F∂ Xncp-h-N-\-a-\p-k-cn®v \ΩpsS t]cn¬ Bh-emXn D≠m-Ip∂ Ime-Øv, Atlm I„w! \ap-s°¥v kam-[m-\-amWv]dbm≥ Ign-bpI?'' (X-^vko¿ k\m-bn, Pn¬Zv 1, `m 82) ]ns∂-bpw, At±lw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p: ""A√mlp Bbn-c-°-W-°mb]hm-N-I-∑msc GtXXp A‘-hn-izm-k-ßsf Jfin-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´mtWm Ab-®n-cp-∂Xv AtX-X-c-Øn-ep≈ B›-cy-I-c-ß-fmb A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-sf√mw Cu \ma-amX apkvenw-IƒssIs°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv'' (X-^vko¿k-\m-bn, Pn. 1 `m. 97).ho≠pw, At±-l-Øns‚ ]Xw ]d-bp∂p: ""km£m¬ Ckvdm-bo-ey¿ IÆn¬\n∂v ad-™p. Ah¿ `qap-J-Øp-\n∂v \mam-h-


A\p-I-cn®p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p'' (15˛1˛27).

Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n∂pw ]pd-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ "apkvenw-anXw' amkn-I-bn¬ Cßs\ ]d-™p-Im-Wp-∂p. ""PqX-∑m-cpsSkIe e£-W-ßfpw \Ωnepw I≠p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p... ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-Bs\ \mw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssIsh-Sn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. \_nAh¿I-fpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ \ΩpsS kvarXn-]-Y-Øn¬\n∂vad-™p-I-gn-™p. Ckvemw-a-X-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-SmØ ]e BNm-c-ßfpw _mly-N-S-ßp-Ifpw aX-im-k-\-I-sf-t∂mWw hnNm-cn®pA\p-jvTn-®p-h-cp-∂p. ssZh-sØ-Ø-t∂bpw Ahs‚ atlm-∂-X-]o-T-Øn¬\n∂v hen®p XmgvØn-bn-´p. a\p-jy≥ XpS-ßn I√v,acw BZn-bmb \nmc km[-\-ßƒ X¬ÿm-\Øv ]nSn®v Ib-‰n-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. bmYm¿∞yw ]d-bp-∂-]-£w, ap√m-°am¿,apkven-bm-°ƒ, ssiJ∑m¿ -F-∂nh¿aqew ]cn-ip≤ CkvemwaX-Øn\p `b-¶-c-ß-fmb -]e £X-ßfpw ]‰n-t∏m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.C°q-´-cpsS tXm∂ym-kw-aqew Ckvemw-a-X-ku-[w-Xs∂ Cf-In-a-dn -bp-Ibpw Im‰n¬s∏´v \new-]-Xn-°m≥ `mhn-°bpwsNøp∂p'' (hmeyw 1, `m.314, 315).

]hN-\-ßƒ ]pe¿∂-Xn\v tijwapkvenw-Iƒ blqZn \km-dm-°-sf-t∏mse hnhn[ I£n-

I-fmbn ]ncn™v Ckvem-an¬\n∂v hyXnNen®v t]mIp-sa-∂p≈\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]h-N\w A£-cw-]Xn C°m-eØv]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m-cp-tSbpwt\Xm-°-∑m-cp-tSbpw taep-≤-cn® ]kvXm-h-\-I-fm¬ hy‡-am-

°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, apkvenw-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-\n-e-bn¬Ckm-bo-eysc A\p-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ckm-bo¬°m¿ Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™n-cp-∂-]-Imcw apkvenw-Iƒ Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v Iq´-ambn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂p-≈ B ]h-N\wkXy-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS a‰p hN-\-ß-fmepw Jp¿-B≥

hmIy-ß-fmepw sXfn-bp-∂-t]m-se-Øs∂ AXp-]-Imcw kw`-hn®p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v A\p- -hw-sIm≠pw apkvenw ]fin-Xm-`n-]m-b-ßƒ sIm≠pw kv]„-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

aptºbp-≤-cn® ]hN-\-Øn¬, Ckm-bo-ey¿ Fgp-]-Øn-

t]mIpw.' ]ns∂ "hl≥' F∂-Xns‚ hnh£nXw temI-tØm-Sp≈ t]ahpw, A`n-am-\-]q¿∆-amb ac-W-Øn-ep≈ òXnbpwBsW∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Acpƒ sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn.Cusbmcp hm°p-sIm≠v kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ac-Whpw Pohn-XhpwFß-s\-bmWv kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX∂v Xncp-ta\n a\-n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.'' (X-ZvInd: `m. 264)

alm-Ihn k¿ apl-ΩZv CJv_m¬ Xs‚ Hcp Ihn-X-bn¬ Cß-s\-bmWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv: ""apkvenw-Itf! \nßƒBIr-Xn-bn¬ InkvXym-\n-Ifpw kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ lnµp-°fpwBbn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. C∂sØ apkvenw-Isf I≠n´v blq-Zn-Iƒt]mepw \mWn-®p-t]m-Ip∂p. apkvenw-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ ssZhm-\p-cm-K-am-Ip∂ A·n sI´p-t]m-IpIbpw A‘-Imcw hym]n-®n-cn-°-bp-am-Wv. C∂p-≈-h¿ apkvenw-I-f-√, shdpw Nmº¬ Iqºm-c-asX!'' (_ms¶-Z-dm).

C´m-h-bnse (h-St° C¥y) "A¬_-io¿' F∂ ]X-KŸw Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ""\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsSImesØ InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw blq-Z-cp-sSbpw CS-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ I£n-h-g-°ns‚ NcnXw hmbn®v Ah-cpsS ÿnXn-bp-ambn C∂sØ apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ÿnXnsb Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°p∂-Xm-bm¬ C°m-esØ De-am-°-fn¬ A[n-Iw-t]cpw A°m-esØ blqZn \km-dm-°-fpsS CS-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ aX-]-fin-X-∑m-cpsS icn-∏-I¿∏p-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.'' (1925 Unkw-_¿ e°w)

AarXvkdnse h°o¬ ]Xw C]-Im-c-amWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ""apkvenw-Iƒ aX-hp-ambn tIhew _‘-an-√m-Ø-h-cmbn `hn-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-an¬\n∂v Ah¿ AI-∂p-t]m-IpI-bpw, Ah-cpsS A[¿Ωhpw Zp¿hr-Ønbpw ]m]-I¿Ωhpw AXn-cp-I-hn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ Ah-cn¬ ssZh-tIm]w D≠m-IpIbpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-tijw \mfn-Xp-hsc temI-Øp-≠m-ImØ Xe-Øn-ep-ff \mi-ßfpw hn]-Øp-Ifpw Ah-cn¬ Cd-ßp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn'' (3˛1˛21). ""apkvenw-Iƒ BZy-ambnhy‡n-]-camb Pohn-X-Øn¬ blq-Z-tcbpw \km-dm-°-tfbpw]n≥]-‰n-s°m-≠n-cp∂p; Ct∏m-gm-Is´ ka-„n-K-X-ambpw Ahsc


gp]Ønaq∂m-asØ Hcp Iq -cp-≠m-bn-h-cn-Ibpw A°q- ¿ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-amb Hcp ]tXyI kwL-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂mWv ]kvXpX ]h-N-\-Øns‚ km[yw. Ah-km-\-Im-e-Øv, alvZo-a-kolv \nbp-‡-\m-Ip-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Acp-fn-s®-bvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv CXn-s\-°p-dn-®p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Camapw alvZn-bp-amb akolv apkvenw-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-°p-sa∂pw Xm≥ BZy-Ønepw akolv Ah-km-\-Øn-ep-ap≈ Hcp kap-Zmbw \in-°p-I-bn-s√-∂pw, Cu kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ tijvT-am-bXv Xm≥ Poh-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS-bp≈ AXns‚ BZy-L- hpw akolv D≠m-bn-cn-°p∂AXns‚ Ah-km-\-L-´-hp-am-sW∂pw Xs‚ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚\ne, AXns‚ BZy-`m-K-tam, Ah-km-\-`m-Ktam tijvT-sa∂v]d-bm-h-X-√mØ ag-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-bm-sW∂pw a‰pw AcpƒsNbvXp-sIm≠v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) akoln s‚ Ah-Xm-c-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw AXns‚ amlm-flyhpw a\-n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬\n∂v ako-lns‚ hchv Ckvem-ans‚]p\-cp-≤m-c-W-Øn-\m-sW∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ ssIbn¬ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp-∂-h¿ BZna apkvenw-Isft∏mse Hcp kwL-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂p-≠v. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]q¿Æ-]-Xn-_nw-_-ambn Ah-X-cn-°p∂ At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿tam£-Øn-∂¿l-amb bYm¿∞ Ckvem-anI I£n Bbn-cn-°m-h-X-√.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, Ah-km-\-Im-eØv apkvenw-Iƒ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb \ne-bn¬ blqZn \km-dm-°sf A\p-I-cn-°p-Ibpw hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs\ ssIsh-Sn-bp-Ibpw hnhn[ I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn™p]e A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw ssIs°m-≈p-IbpwsNøp-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Hcp `mKØv ]h-Nn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ adp- m-KØv apkvenw-Iƒ°v Camapw Ah-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈aX-]-c-amb `n∂-X-Iƒ°v Xocp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p∂ hn[n-I¿Øm-hp-amb ako-lv -A-h-X-cn-°p-sa∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Ckvem-ans‚- B-ZnaZi-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn°pw Bakolv Ah-km-\-Im-esØ P\-Øn-∂n-S-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øpIF∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-N-c-kwLw BZn-a-ap-kvenw-Iƒ°vkZr-i-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Xncp-ta\n Acpƒ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

c≠v I£n-bmbn ]ncn-™n-cp-∂-t]mse Xs‚ P\hpw Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v Iq´-ambn `n∂n-°p-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, Xs‚

P\w Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bm-bn-Øn-cn-bp-sa∂pw Ah-cn¬ Hcp-Iq-´¿ amXta c£-bv°¿l-cmb bYm¿∞ Ckvem-anI kwL-am-bn-cn-°pI-bp-≈q-sh∂pw ]d-™p-sIm≠v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k)a\-n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Ckvemw Poh-\p≈ aX-am-bn-cn-°-bm¬, AXn\v A[x-]-X\w ]‰p∂ A¥-y-Im-eØv AXns‚

]p\-cp-≤m-c-Wm¿∞w Hcp alm-flm-hns\ A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-°p-sa∂pw At±lw aptJ\ Ckvem-an\v tkh\w sNøp∂Hcp-Iq-´-cp-≠mbn hcp-sa∂pw Ah-cmWv bYm¿∞ Ckvem-anIkwL-am-bn-cn-°p-I-sb-∂p-am-Ip-∂p. Cu hkvXp-Xbpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS a‰p hN-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v hy‡-amb \ne-bnepw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂v kqN-I-amb Xc-Ønepw Kmly-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. Ckm-bo-ey¿ Fgp-]Øn-c≠v I£n-bmbn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Bhn¿`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ah-cpsS aXwZp¿_-e-s∏-´p-t]m-hpIbpw Aßs\ AXn∂v Hcp ]p\-cp-÷o-h\w Bh-iy-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬, CkvemwFt∂bv°pw \ne-\n¬t°-≠p∂ Hcp kPohaX-am-bn-cn-°-bm¬,XZ-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ B [¿Ω-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en®v hnhn[ I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-bp-tºmƒ, B aX-Øns‚ D≤mc-W-Øn-∂m-bn´v Hcpalm-flm-hns‚ \ntbmKw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. A√m-Ø-]£w \n¿÷o-h-am-bn-t∏m-bncn--°p∂ CX-c-a-X-ß-sf-t∏mseCkvemapw ssNX-\y-c-ln-X-amb Hcp aX-am-sW∂v hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv Ckm-bo-ey¿ Fgp-]-Øn-c≠vI£n-bmbnØo¿∂n-cp-∂-t]mse apkvenw-Ifpw AX-Xs∂I£n-Ifm-bn-Øn-cn-bp-sa∂v amXw ]dbp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Ah¿Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bmbn ]ncn-bp-sa∂pw Ah-cn¬ Hcp-Iq-´¿tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, Ckm-bo-ey¿ Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v I£n-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse apkvenw-Ifpw Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v I£n-bmbn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw Ah¿ Ckvem-an¬\n∂v hfsc AI-∂p-t]m-IpIbpw sNøp-sa-¶nepw A°m-eØv A√mlp Hcp alm-flm-hns\ \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw At±lw aptJ\ Ah-cn¬- F-


∂Xv AXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. apkvenw-I-sf∂v hmZn-°p∂ GsX-¶n-

ep-samcp Iq´¿ Xßƒ A√m-lphpw dkqepw Iev]n-®-X-\p-k-

cn®v hniz-kn-°p-Itbm ]h¿Øn-°p-Itbm sNøm-Ø-h-cm-sW∂vHcn-°epw ]d-bp-I-bn-√. inbm-°-fpsS IY Hcp `mK-Øn-cn-°-

s´. kp∂n-I-fn¬Øs∂ bmYm-ÿn-XnI I£n D¬]-Xn-jvWp-°sf _nZv-A-Øn-I-sf∂pw Im^n-dp-I-sf∂pw ]d-™p-sIm-≠v,

Ah¿ A√m-lp-hn-t‚bpw dkq-en-t‚bpw Iev]-\-s°mØv \S-°m-Ø-h-cm-sW∂v Bt£-]n-®p-h-cp-∂p. D¬]-Xn-jvWp-°-fm-Is´

bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-tcbpw Aß-s\-Xs∂ apivcn-°p-I-sf∂pw A‘-hn-izm-kn-I-sf∂pw a‰pw Ip‰w hn[n-°p-∂p. apJ-√n-Zp-Iƒ KbvdpapJ-√n-Zp-I-tfbpw KbvdpapJ-√n-Zp-Iƒ apJ-√n-Zp-Itfbpw CtX-]-Im-cw-Xs∂ ]gn-°p-∂p. Cßs\ C°m-eØv Cu Hmtcm I£nbpwA√m-lphpw dkqepw Iev]n-®-Xp-t]mse \S-°p-∂-h¿ Xß-fm-

sW∂v kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AtX-k-a-bØv Hmtcm- Iq-ćpw Xß-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m apkvenwhn`m-K-ßfpw Ckvem-an¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en®v Zpjn®v blq-Zn-\-km-dm-°-sf-t∏m-se-bmbn

`hn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v]h-Nn-°-s∏-´-]-Imcw tam£m¿l-cmb B ]tXyI I£nA√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw dkq-en-s‚bpw Iev]-\-Iƒs°mØv \S-t°-

≠Xv Ah¿°v Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-sW-¶nepw Aßs\ Xßƒ\S-°p-∂p-sh∂ hmZw-amXw B I£nsb Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈

Hcp ]tXyI e£-W-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. ]e I£n-Ifpw Cßs\hmZn-°p∂ ÿnXn-°v, B Hcp ]tXyI I£nsb Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ B hmZ-Øn\v ]pd-sa, Ah¿°v hntij hn[n-bmbn Nne

e£-W-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v B]tXyI I£n GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-t°-≠-Xn\v Ah¿°p-≈-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ e£-Wß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-sW∂pw

Ah GXp Iq -cn-emWv ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw \msam∂pNn¥n-®p-t\m-t°-≠Xp Xs∂-bm-Wv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS]kvXpX ]h-N-\-Øn¬\n∂pw Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip∂

B e£-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ChnsS khn-kvXcw ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂XmWv.

Cßs\, A¥y-Im-eØv apkvenw-Iƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ `b-¶-c-ambA[x-]-X-\-tØbpw ]ns∂ AXn¬\n∂v tamN\w t\Sm-\p≈Htcsbmcp am¿§-amb ako-lns‚ Ah-Xm-c-sØbpw kw_-‘n-°p∂ hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb c≠v kwK-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]h-N-\-ß-fpsS Iq -Øn-emWv apkvenw-Iƒ Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bmbn]ncn-bp-sa∂pw Ah-cn¬ Hcp Iq´-scm-gnsI as‰-√m-hcpw \c-I-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Xncp-ta\n ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn¬\n-∂v, B Hcp ]tXyI I£n ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb B alm-flm-thm-Sp-Iq-Snb Pam-AØv amX-am-sW∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. Aßs\Cu ]h-N\w Ah-km-\-Im-esØ kw_-‘n-°p-∂Xpw HcpssZhn-I-hmZn aptJ\ ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xp-am-sW∂v hcp-tºmƒFgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb B `mKy-kwLw GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-an-√-X-s∂.

GXm-Wv B -I£n?Cu hn[-Øn¬ c£-°¿l-cmb B ]tXyI I£nsb

Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\p ]pd-sa, ]kvXpX ]h-N-\-Øn¬\n∂pw Jp¿-B-\nepw lZo-knepw ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂a‰p kwK-Xn-I-fn¬\n∂pw B I£n GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. apkvenw-I-fn-ep≈ F√m Hmtcm I£nbpw tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb bYm¿∞ Ckvem-anI kwLw Xß-fm-sW∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw, B I£n°v ]tXy-I-ap-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ e£-W-ßƒ Xßƒ°p-s≠∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc Ah-cpsS B Ah-Im-i-hmZw km[p-hm-Ip-∂-X-√t√m.Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ H∂p-am-Xsa c£-°-h-Im-i-s∏´ Iq -cm-bn-cn-°-bp-≈p-sh∂v hcp-tºmƒ a‰p I£n-I-fnsem-∂n\pwC√mØ Nne ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ B Hcp Iq´¿°p-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠Xpw B Hcp I£n GXm-sW∂v At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v B]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]Xy-£-Øn¬ Im◊m≥ km[n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.As√-¶n¬∏ns∂ B ]tXyI I£nsb a‰v Fgp-]-Øn-c≠vhIp-∏p-I-fn¬\n∂v th¿Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bmsX hcp-a-t√m. A√m-lphpw dkqepw ]d-™-Xp-t]mse hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmWv tam£m¿l-cmb B Hcp-Iq-´¿ F∂v]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F√m Hmtcm I£nbpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-


e£Ww ]d-™n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mbHcp alm-flmhpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-Øns‚ ]mXn-\n[ywhln-°p∂ Hcp kwLhpw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-X-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv.F∂m¬, amXta ]kvXpX ]h-N\w A¿∞-h-Øm-I-pIbp-≈q.CXn-te°v ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb Hcp alm-]p-cp-j≥ Bhn¿`-hn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ ssIbm¬ Hcp Znhy-kwLw ÿm]n-X-am-IpIbpw sNtø-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-W-t√m. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS a‰p ]h-N-\-ßfpw Cu hkvXp-Xsb kv]„-am-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. Ah-km-\-Im-eØv apkvenw-Iƒ AXy¥w timN-\o-b-amb \ne-bn¬ Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-sa∂v ]d™ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(k)Xs∂ Cß-s\bpw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

""Cu kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ tijvT-am-bXv AXns‚ BZy-L-´hpw Ah-km-\-L-´-hp-am-Ip-∂p. BZy-tØ-Xn¬ A√mlp-hns‚dkqepw Ah-km-\-tØ-Xn¬ Cuk-_v\p-a¿bapw BWv.''(I≥kp¬-D-Ωm¬)

lZvdØv A\-kv(-d) \nth-Z\w sNøp-∂p. \_n(-k)]d™p: ""Fs‚ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ \ne ag-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ip-∂p. AXns‚ BZy- m-Ktam \√Xv AX√ A¥y- m-Ktam F∂Xv]d-bm-h-X-√.''(Xn¿a-nZn)

""Rm≥ BZy-Ønepw akolv Ah-km-\-Øn-ep-ap≈ Hcpkap-Zmbw \in-°p-∂-sX-ßs\'' (C-_v\p-am-Px). Cu \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv, Ah-km-\-Im-eØv A√mlpHcp ako-lns\ \ntbm-Kn-°p-sa-∂pw, X∑qew Ckvem-ans‚ A¥y-L´w BZy-L- w-t]mse tim -\-ambn hn-°p-sa-∂pw, At±-lhpwX¬kw-Lhpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb injy-K-W-tØmSv

tam£-]m-]vXn-°p≈ e£-W-ßƒtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B Hcp ]tXyI Iq´¿ GXm-

sW∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSv injy¿ tNmZn-®-Xn\v Xncp-ta\nAcpƒsNbvX adp-]Sn am A\ Aebvln h Akvlm_o

""Rm\pw Fs‚ klm-_n-amcpw D≈ \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-

∂-h¿'' F∂m-Wv. ""Fs‚ D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®v \S-°p-∂-h¿'' F∂p]d-bp-∂-Xn\v ]I-c-ambn Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv Xncp-ta-\n°pw injy-K-W-Øn\pw D≠m-bn-cp∂ B ]tXy-I-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Hcp I£n D≠m-bn-hcnIbpw At∏mƒB I£n amXw tam£m¿l-cm-bn-cn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°pw injy-K-W-Øn\pw D≠m-bn-cp∂ B ]tXy-IX F¥m-sW∂v \ap°v t\m°mw. Xncp-ta\n ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Xncp-Zq-X-cpw, injy-KWwB alm-flm-hns‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠Xv Xß-fpsS]Ya _m≤y-X-bm-sW∂v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw B hnizm-ksØ ]hr-Øn-cq-t]W km£m¬°cn-°pIbpw sNbvX HcpIq´-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\ A√mlp \ntbm-Kn® Hcp ZqX\pwAt±-l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcp kwLhpw A∂v thsd D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw injy-K-Whpw ÿnXn-sN-bvXn-cp∂ B ]tXy-Im-hÿ CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. apkvenw-Iƒ ]e]e I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™p-t]m-b-Xn-\p-tijw ho≠pw Cß-s\-bp≈ Hc-hÿ Ah¿°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-sa∂pw A°m-eØv CuAh-ÿ-tbm-Sp-IqSn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Iq´-tctXm Ah¿ amX-am-bn-cn°pw tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb bYm¿∞ Ckvem-an-I-kwLwF∂pamWv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(k) ]kvXpX ]h-N-\w-sIm≠v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. apkvenw-Iƒ hnhn[ I£n-I-fm-bn-Øn-cn-bp-I-bpw, Hmtcm Iqćpw Xßƒ amX-amWv bYm¿∞ apkvenw-Iƒ F∂v hmZn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ime-Øv, Ah-cn¬ HcpI£nsb ]tXy-I-\n-e-bn¬ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn∂v ]d-™p-X-cp∂kwKXn Xo¿®-bmbpw Hcp ]tXyI e£Ww Bbn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

""Rm\pw Fs‚ klm-_n-amcpw D≈-\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-h¿'' F∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) B Hcp ]tXyI I£n°v


akolpw t]¿jy≥ hwi-P-\mb B alm-flmhpw Hcmƒ Xs∂-bm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mb Hcp alm-flmhv ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\m-IpIbpwAt±-l-Øn\v Hcp injy-kwLw D≠m-bn-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v]kvXpX lZo-kp-I-fn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv"tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb Iq´¿, Rm\pw Fs‚ klm-_n-amcpwD≈ \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂-h¿' F∂ hN\w sIm≠pw\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. B Hcp Iq´¿ Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Ø-√msX as‰mcp Iq´-cm-bn-cn-°m-h-X-√. Cu Pam-AØns‚ P\-bn-Xm--hmb lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) ^mcnkv hwi-°m-c\pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]h-N-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ssZh-Øm¬\nbp-‡-\mb akolpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS bYm¿∞ ]Xn-]p-cp-j\pw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Aß-s\, "Rm\pw Fs‚ kl-N-ccpwD≈\ne-bn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂-h¿' F∂v Xncp-ta\n ]d™hnti-jWw hmKvZØw sNø-s∏´ ako-lns‚ injy-kw-L-Øn\p amXta ]q¿Øn-bmbn ImWp-∂p-≈q.

Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v a‰p-≈-h¿C\n "Rm\pw Fs‚ klm-_n-amcpw D≈-\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXn-

sN-øp-∂-h¿' F∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Acpƒ sNbvX-Xns‚hnh£nXw B ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ A≤ym-]-\hpw amXr-I-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ F∂m-sW-¶n¬ Cu e£-Whpw CX-c-I-£n-Isf At]-£n®v Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-em-Wv khn-ti-j-ambn ImWp-∂-Xv. a‰p I£n-I-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ A‘-hn-izm-khpw A\n-kvem-an-I-amb BNm-c-ßfpw Cu Pam-A-Øn¬ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. Ckvem-an-Im-≤ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Pohn-Xhpwkz`m-h-kw-kv°-c-Whpw \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv BZn-bmb I¿Ω-ßƒ apd-]-Imcw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ ipjvIm-¥nbpw CX-c-I-£n-Isf At]-£n®p Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-emWv ImW-s∏-SpI F∂Xv Hcp ]c-am¿∞w amX-am-Wv. Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns‚ Cu ]tXy-I-Xsb CX-c-I-£nIfn¬s∏´ ]fin-X∑m¿Xs∂ G‰p-]-d-™n-´p-≠v. Hcp kp]-kn≤ ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-\mb apl-ΩZv Akvew kmln_v "_Z¿' F∂ ]X-Øn¬Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂p: "Cu kwL-Ønse Bfp-Iƒ a‰p

kmZr-iy-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-am-Wv. At∏mƒ apkvenw-Iƒhnhn[ I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn™v Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip∂ A¥y-Im-e-Øv, "\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw klm-_n-amcpw D≈ \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-h¿' F∂ hnti-j-W-Øn\v ]mX-am-b-h¿ B ako-lns‚ injy-KWw amX-am-bn-cn-°mt\ \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ Hcn-SØv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-sb-°p-dn®v "Ah≥ Ad-_n-I-fn¬ \n∂v Hcp dkq-ens\ \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p' F∂v ]d-™-Xns\ XpS¿∂v "Ah-tcmSv CtX-hsc tN¿∂n-ń-√mØ Ah-cn¬\n-∂p≈ as‰mcp Iq -cnepw'(62:4) F∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Bhn¿`mhw as‰mcp Iq´-cnepw D≠m-Ip-sa∂vkqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Bcm-sW∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSvkzin-jy¿ tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ, k¬am-\p¬ mcnkn F∂ injys\sXm´p-sIm≠v Xncpta\n Cßs\ AcpƒsN-bvXn-cn-°p∂p:""kXy-hn-izmkw "kpdø' \£-X-Øn-te-°p-b¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂ImeØv Ch-cn¬\n-∂p≈ Bƒ AXns\ ho≠pw sIm≠p-h-cpw.'' taep-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬\n∂pw AXn\v Xncp-ta-\n(-k) ]d™ Cu hymJym-\-Øn¬\n∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv,kXy-hn-izmkw apkvenw-I-fn¬\n∂v ad-™p-t]m-Ip∂ Ah-km-\-Im-eØv AXns‚ ]p\-cp-≤m-c-Wm¿∞w t]¿jy≥ hwi-P-\mbHcp alm-flm-hns\ A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-°p-sa∂pw At±-l-Øns‚Bhn¿`mhw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]p\-cm-K-a-\-Øn\pw At±-l-Øns‚ injy-KWw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-Øn\pwkZr-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-am-Wv. as‰mcp lZo-kn¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)Xs‚ injysc hcp∂ ako-lns‚ injy-tcmSv kmZr-iy-s∏-SpØn]d-™n-´p-ap-≠v. AXm-bXv:

""Cu DΩ-Øn¬\n∂v ]e Iqćpw ako-lns\ Is≠Øpw;Ah¿ \nß-sf-t∏m-ep-≈-htcm \nß-fnepw DØ-atcm Bbn-cn-°pw.'' (\hmZndp¬-D-kq¬) Cßs\ Xs‚ ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-h-cp∂ t]¿jy≥ hwi-Ps‚ injy¿ Xs‚ injy-sc-t∏m-ep-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™n- p≈ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Xs∂ hcp∂ako-lns‚ injy-kwLw Xs‚ injy-K-W-tØmSv kmZr-iy-ap-≈-h-cm-sW∂pw ]d-™p-sIm≠v A¥y-Im-eØv BK-X-\m-Ip∂


Øm-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv' F∂pw Xncp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™Xv HtcA¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. A¬Pam-AØv F∂-Xns‚Xm¬]cyw C∏d-™Xp Xs∂-bm-sW∂p a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂Hcp-Zm-l-cWw ChnsS ]d-™p-sIm-≈mw. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS\ncym-W-Øn-\p-ti-jw, kwkvIm-c-In-b°v G¿∏mSp sNøp-∂-Xn\v aptº klm-_nam¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mbnXßƒ°v Hcp t\Xm-hns\ Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xn\p tbmKwIqSp-Ibpw Ah¿ lZvdØv A_q-_-°-dns\ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Jeo-^-bmbn Xnc-s™-SpØp At±-l-Øns‚ ssIbn¬ _bvAØvsNbvI-bp-amWv BZy-ambn sNbvX-Xv. Ah¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS]pWyi-cocw kwkvI-cn-°m-\p-Zy-an-°msX Cßs\ Jeo-^sbXnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ G¿s∏- -Xn-s\-°p-dn®v inbm-°ƒ C∂pwBt£]w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂p-≠v. bAv-Jq_v C_v\p C_vdmlowapX-em-b-h-tcmSv ""A_q-_-°-dn\v _bv-AØv sNbvXXv Ft∏m-gmWv'' F∂v Nne¿ tNmZn-®-Xn\v At±lw ]d™ adp-]Sn CXm-bn-cp∂p: ""\_nXncp-ta\n(-k) \ncym-X-\mb A∂p-X-s∂, klm-

_n-am¿ Hcp Znh-k-Øns‚ GXm\pw `mKw-t]mepw Xßƒ Pam-A-Øn¬ s]Sm-Ø-\n-e-bn¬ Ccn-°p-∂-Xv C„-s∏-ń√'' (X-_vco,Pn. 3 `m. 301). Cu cnhm-b-Øn¬\n-∂v, Pam-AØv F∂ i–-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Xm¬]-cy-sa-s¥∂v \√-t]mse hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS \ncym-W-Øn-\p-tijw injy-KWw

Hcp kaq-l-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw A\p-k-c-W-tbm-Ky-\mb Hcpt\Xm-hns‚ Iogn¬ BIm-Xn-cn-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw Xßƒ HcpPam-A-Øm-bn-cn-°-bn-s√-∂mWv Ah¿ a\-n-em-°n-bn-cp∂sX-∂v CXn¬\n∂v hni-Z-am-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ bYm¿∞-amb Pam-

AØv Hcp Cam-an-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄-bn-¶o-gn¬ Ccn-°p∂ Hcp kwL-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ Hcp-Iq-´sc kw_-‘n-®p-amXw "Pam-AØv'F∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSkm∂n-[y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb injy-K-W-sØ-t∏mse Pam-A-Øm-bn-

ń-cn-°p∂ I£n H∂p amX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

apkvenw-Isf At]-£n®v `‡n-hn-izm-k-ß-fnepw XymK-k-∂-≤-X-bnepw Ht´sd D∂Xn ]m]n-®-h-cm-Wv. Ckvemw-a-X-Øns‚t\¿°p≈ Ch-cpsS kvt\lw \n¿hym-Phpw Bflm¿∞-hp-am-bn-´p-≈-X-tX. Rm≥ JmZn-bm-\n¬- F-√m-h-tcbpw GI-ssZhhnizm-k-e-l-cn-bn¬ B\µw sIm≈p-∂-h-cm-bn-´mWv I≠-Xv.hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs\ kw_-‘n®v Cu Pam-A-Øn-\p-≈-Xmbn Rm≥JmZn-bm-\n¬ I≠ Bflm¿∞-amb t]aw as‰-hn-sSbpw ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn-ń-√' (_-Zv¿, 13˛3˛1913). alm-Ihn UmŒ¿ k¿ apl-ΩZv CJv_m¬ 1910-˛¬ Aeo-K-dn¬sh®v sNbvX Hcp- ]-kw-K-Øn¬ Alva-Zn-I-fpsS Ckvem-an-I-Po-hn-X-sØ-∏‰n ]d-™XvCß-s\-bm-Wv. ""]©m-_n¬ Ckvem-an-I-Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bpsS icn-bmb amXrI JmZn-bm-\n-I£n F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ B Pam-A-Øns‚ cq]-Øn-emWv ]Xy-£-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.'' (an-√sØss_fm ]¿ GIv Cwdm\n \kv¿, `m. 18)

tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B ]tXyI I£n-bpsS e£-W-ambn \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp kwKXn

""Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v Iqćpw \c-I-Ønepw H∂p-amXw kz¿§-Øn-ep-am-bn-cn-°pw. B H∂v A¬Pam-A-Øm-bn--cn-°pw'' F∂m-Ip-∂p. Chn-sS, "A¬Pam-AØv' F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv HtcA`n-]m-b-°m-cmb Iptd Bfp-I-fpsS Hcp kaq-lsØ Dt±-in-®m-bn-cn-°m≥ Xc-an-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, B A¿∞-Øn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp I£n amX-a-√, F√m Hmtcm I£nbpw HmtcmPam-A-Øm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ChnsS A¬Pam-AØv F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-KWwGsXm-c¿∞-Øn¬ "A¬Pam-AØv' F∂ t]cn\v ]mX-amtbmAtX A¿∞sØ ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcp kwLsØ kw_-‘n-®m-sW∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. bYm¿∞-amb A¬Pam-AØv Htc Nc-Sn¬t°m¿Ø aWn-Iƒt]mse Htc t\Xm-hns‚ Iogn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Iev]-\-bvs°mØp ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp kwLw amX-am-Wv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-KWw Cu A¿∞-Øn-emWvHcp Pam-A-Øm-bn-ń-cp-∂-Xv. "Rm\pw Fs‚ kl-N-ccpw D≈-\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-h¿' F∂pw "AXv Hcp A¬Pam-A-


"GsXm-cp-h≥ Pam-A-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp Nm¨ ]ncn-™p-\n¬°p-∂pthm Ah≥ Ckvem-anI hrØ-Øn¬\n∂p ]pd-Øm-b-h-\m-bn-cn°pw' (Xn¿an-Zn). as‰mcp cnhm-b-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv"bmsXm-cp-Ø≥ Jeo-^-tbm-Sp≈ A\p-k-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-\n¬°p-∂pthm Ahs‚ kt¶Xw \c-I-am-bn-cn°pw' F∂p-X-s∂-bmWv' (a-kv-A-esb Jnem-^-Øv, `m. 31, 32). Cu hN-\-ßƒ sIm≠pw, Hcp Cam-ans‚ Iogn¬ A\p-k-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqsSPohn-t°-≠-Xv- F-Xbpw AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂pw Aß-s\-bp≈Hcp Iq´¿ amX-amWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Pam-A-Øm-bn-cn-°pIF∂pw \√-t]mse a\-n-em-Ip-∂p-≠v.

Pam-A-Øv \ne-hnen√Npcp-°-Øn¬, apkvenw-Iƒ ]e I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™v,

Hcp Cam-ans‚ t\Xr-Xz-an-√msX NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ Ime-Øv,ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb Hcp alm-flmhv aptJ\ Hcp Pam-AØvD≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂pw Ah-cpsS \ne \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSp IqSn-b -in-jy-K-W-Øn-t‚-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw A°m-eØvtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Htcsbmcp I£n Ah¿ amX-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-am-Ip-∂p ""AXv Pam-A-Øm-bn- n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv'' F∂hN-\w-sIm≠v Xncp-ta-\n(-k) a\-n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu\ne-bn¬ C∂v Pam-A-Ømbn ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-h¿ lZvdØvAlva-Zns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Ø-√msXas‰mcp Iq´-cp-a-s√∂v kΩ-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√.C∂sØ apkvenw-I-fpsS ÿnXn-bm-Is´ Pam-AØv F∂ \ma-Øns‚ A¿∞sØ ]pe¿Øp-∂-X-s√∂pw B t]cns\ A¿ln-°p-∂n-s√∂pw Ah¿ Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v.

"A√max kn±oJv lk≥ ' B[p-\nI apkvenw-I-fpsSÿnXn-sb-°p-dn®v Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂p: ""C∂v apkvenw-Iƒ°v Hcp Pam-AtØm Hcp Camtam C√; adn-®v, Ah¿ th¿]n-cn™v Pohn-°p∂ Ime-am-WnXv'' (C-JvXn-dm-_p-mAx `m. 56).

t\Xm-hns\ A\p-k-cn-°WwPam-A-Øp-ambn _‘n-®pw, Hcp Cam-ans‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

At±-lsØ A\p-k-cn®pw Pohn-t°≠ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) i‡n-tb-dnb `mj-bn¬ D]-tZ-in-®n-cn-°p-

∂Xv bYm¿∞-amb Ckvem-an-I-Po-hnXw A]-Im-c-am-b-Xp-sIm-

≠p-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p. Xncp-ta\n ]d™n-cn-°p-∂-XnXm-Wv: ""h√-h\pw Xs‚ t\Xm-hn¬\n∂v X\n°v A\n-„-ambn Fs¥-¶nepw

ImWp-∂-Xm-bm¬ Ah≥ £a ssIs°m-≈-s´. Fs¥-∂m¬,Pam-A-Øn¬ \n∂v Hcp Nm¨t]mepw AI-∂p- \n¬°p∂

Ghcpw Ahn-izm-kn-bpsS acWw hcn-°p-∂-XmWv'' (_p-Jm-cn,

apkvenw). Cu \_n-hm-Iy-Øn¬\n∂pw Cam-ans\ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠Xv FXbpw AXym-h-iy-am-sW-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, Pam-

AØv F∂m¬ Fs¥∂pw \√-t]mse a\-n-em-Ip-∂p-≠v.

AXm-b-Xv, Hcp- t\-Xm-hns‚ Iogn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ sNm¬∏-Snbv°v Pohn-°p∂ Hcp kwL-Øn-\mWv Pam-AØv F∂p ]d-

bp-∂-Xv. Cu hnj-b-I-ambn \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Acp-fn-bn-cp∂D]-tZ-i-sØ-°p-dn®v auem\m A_p-¬ Iemw BkmZv Xs‚

"akv-A-esb Jnem-^Øv' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-

cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Hcp `mKw ChnsS D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. At±lw ]d-bp-I-bmWv: ""lZvdØv C_v\p

Da-dns‚ Hcp \nth-Z-\-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:

""bmsXm-cp-Ø≥ Jeo- -tbm-Sp≈ A\p-k-c-W-Øn¬\n∂vssIh-en®p If-bp-∂p-thm, AXm-bXv A\p-k-c-W-t°Sv ImWn-

°p-∂p-thm, Ah≥ \ymb-hn-kvXmc\mfn¬ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬lmP-cm-Ip-∂Xv bmsXmcp c£m-am¿§hpw C√mØ Ah-ÿbn-

em-bn-cn-°pw. Jeo- -tbmSp A\p-k-c-Whpw _‘hpw IqSm-sX,GsXmcp apkvenw sFln-I-hmkw shSn-bp-∂pthm Ah≥ Xo¿®-

bmbpw Ahn-izm-k-Øns‚ acWw hcn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.''


sNøp-hm≥ IS-s∏-´-h¿ AXv sNøp-∂n-s√∂v amX-a-√, Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw Zp¿Ωm¿t§m-]-tZ-ihpw k∑m¿§-\n-tcm-[hpw sNbvXp-Xp-Sßn'' (]p.1, e°w 4).

Znan-ivJnse "A¿dm-_n-Ø-Øp¬-C-kvem-anø ' F∂amknI ]kvXm-hn-®-Xmbn "kaoµm¿' ]Xw Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:""Ckvem-anI_‘hpw aX-]c-amb sFIy-hpw FX al-Ø-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B≥ ÿm]n-®p-X-∂- \-ΩpsS hnim-e-amb kmtlm--Zcy-Øns‚ i‡n FX hep-Xm-bn-cp∂p! \mw B ssZhn-I-]-Im-i-Øn¬ (Jp¿-Bs‚ shfn-®-Øn¬) \S-∂n-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬ lm,FX \∂m-bn-cp∂p! F∂m¬, \mw \ΩpsS tkz—-Isf ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw Jp¿-Bs\ ]nºp-dw- X-≈p-IbpwsNbvXp'' (kao-µm¿,10˛7˛1932).

emtlm-dnse "lp¿cn-øØv' ]Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xm-WnXv:""At\ym-\y-ap≈ OnZw sIm≠pw kzm¿∞-X¬]-c-X-sIm≠pw\in-®p-t]m-bn-cp∂ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS hrØm¥w Jp¿-B-\n¬Bh¿Øn®p ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p; CXv apkvenw-Ifpw AØcwA¥x-On-Z-Øn¬ s]´p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- -sX. F∂m¬,C∂v C¥y-bn¬ ]Øp-tImSn apkvenw-Iƒ A¥x-On-Z-Ønepwkzm¿∞-X-¬]-c-X-bnepw IpSp-ßn-a-dn-bp-I-bm-Wv. C°m-c-W-Øm-em-Ip∂p AhcpsS Xe-°p-aosX \mi-ß-fm-Ip∂ taL-]-S-e-ßƒ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv'' (28˛3˛1936.).

"A¬-A-am≥' ]Xw 1930˛ BKkvXv 3˛s‚ e°-Øn¬Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂p: ""Hcp tIµw D≠m-bn-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv G‰hpw henb A\p-K-lw. AXns‚ A`m-h-am-Wv Ckvem-ans‚ k¥m-\-ßsf \mi-K¿Ø-Øn-te°v X≈n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.hnZyp-—‡n AXns‚ tIµ-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wt√m \K-c-am-k-Iew]`m]q¿Æ-am-°p-∂-Xv. tIµ-i-‡n-tbmSpw ]`m-h-tØmSpwIqSnb Hcp t\Xm-hv˛ GsXm-cm-fpsS hnfn°v P\-ßƒ- D-Ø-c-ta-Ip-Ibpw GsXm-cmsf A\p-K-an-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ D’m-l-`-cn-X-cmbn ]m™p-sN-√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂pthm Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcpam¿§-Z¿i-I≥˛ apkvenw-I-fn¬ D≠m-sb-¶n¬ AtXmsS \ΩpsSsXmÆqdv iX-am\w I„-∏mSpw Ah-km-\n-°p-sa∂v hniz-kn-

AJn-te¥ym De-am-kw-L-Øns‚ ]X-amb "A¬Pw-Cø'(Z¬ln) Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:˛ ""apkvenw kap-ZmbwF∂Xv Hcp Nc-Sn¬tIm¿Ø ame-t]mse kpkw-L-Sn-X-ambHcp kwL-Øn-\p≈ t]cm-sW-¶n¬, C∂v icn-bmb A¿∞-Øn¬ apkvenw kap-Zmbw C√-X-s∂. C∂m-Is´ Ah¿ NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ IS-em--kp-Xp-≠p-Iƒt]m-sebpw hnX-dnb aWn-Iƒt]m-sebpw CS-b-\n-√msX Iq´w ]ncn™v Ae-bp∂ BSp-Iƒt]m-sebpw Bbn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.'' (14˛4˛31)

h°-Øp-\n∂v ]pd-s∏- n-cp∂ "A¬ Ckvemw' amknI C]-Im-c-amWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv: ""hmkvXhw ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬ C∂v\mw "apkvenw _lp-P-\-ßƒ' F∂-√msX "apkvenw kap-Zmbw'F∂ t]cns\ A¿ln-°p-∂n√. AXm-b-Xv, \mw km-ap-Zm-bnIPohn-Xhpw km-ap-Zm-bnI _‘hpw \in®v At\ym\yw _‘-an-√mØ H‰-sbm‰ AwK-ß-fm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. k∑m¿§-\njvTapX-emb k¬Kp-W-ßfpw \Ωn¬ tem]n-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.Cßs\ Hmtcm hnj-b-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ \ΩpsS ÿnXn-Isf Hs∂m-∂mbn FSp-Øp-]-d-bpI F∂p-sh-®m¬ FX kwK-l-ambn ]d-™mepw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-X-√. CXp \Ω-fn¬]tXyIw Hcp h¿§-°m-cp-tStbm Hcp tZi-°m-cp-tStbm AhÿamX-a-√, Gsd-°psd apkvenwtemI-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb ÿnXnCXp-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p'' (hmeyw 1. `mKw 17, 18).

Fcn-bm-´p-\n∂v ]pd-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ "A¬-C¿imZv 'amknI C]-Imcw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ""Hcp-Im-eØv FXbpwDb¿∂ ]Z-hn-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ \ΩpsS kap-Zmbw C∂nXm]mXm-f-Øn-te°v XmWp-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Isf \mw hne-sh-®n-√. apkvenw-Iƒ XΩn-ep-ff lJvJp-Isf\mw kwc-£n-®n-√. sFIy-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv OnZ-hpw, kvt\l-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv hntcm-[hpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv Ahn-izm-khpw hn\-b-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv Alw-`mhhpw, \oXn-bpsSÿm\Øv A\o-Xnbpw AIahpw IS-∂p-Iq-Sn. A√m-lp-X-B-em-bpsS JpZvd-Øns\ \mw ad-∂p. Jp¿-Bs\ \mw ]n∂n-te°vX≈n-hn- p. tZtl-—-sb∂ Igp-X-∏p-dØp Ibdn k©mcw sNøp-hm\pw XpS-ßn. k∑m¿t§m-]-tZ-ihpw Zp¿am¿§-\n-tcm-[hpw


"X≥kow' ]X-Øns‚ A[n-]-cmb auehn A–p¬a-Po-Zv J¿in Cß-s\-bmWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ""aX-]-c-amb ktΩ-f-\-ßfn¬ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]cn-lm-k-]m-Xhpw Ifn-∏-≠hpw Bbn-cn-°p-hm-\-√msX AXn¬ Ihn™ bmsXmcp ÿm\hpw Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn\v ASp-Ø-Im-ew-hsc D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ct∏m-gm-Is´ (1926˛¬) Ah¿ hºn-s®mcp kap-Zm-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS P\-kwJy kz¬]-am-sW-¶nepw Ah-cpsS ]cn-i-a-Øn-t‚bpw XymK-Øn-t‚bpw XpI hfsc hep-Xm-Ip-∂p.`n∂n®p InS-°p∂ tImSn-°-W-°m-bp≈ apkvenw-Iƒ°v sNbvXp-Xo¿°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø- Imcyw Cu kwL-Sn-X-amb Pam-AØv\njv]-bmkw sNbvXp-Xo¿°p-∂p. JmZn-bm\n Pam-A-Øns‚kwL-S-\bv°p G‰hpw _e-h-Ømb Hcp c-W-Iq-S-sØ-t∏mepwFXn-cn-Sp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXns‚ Iogn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂F√m Un∏m¿´p-sa‚pIfnepw hyh-ÿm]n-X-amb Kh¿sΩ‚vUn∏m¿´p-sa‚p-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂-X-c-Øn-ep-≈- hy-h-ÿbpw A®-S-°hpw N´hpw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS l\-^n-Iƒ°pwAlvep-l-Zokv I£nIƒ°pw inbm-°ƒ°psa√mw ]mT-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn-\v, Cu Pam-A-Øns‚ hyh-ÿn-Xn-tbbpw kwL-S-\m-\n-e-tbbpw ImWn-°p∂ Nne ]pXnb kw`-h-ß-sf-°pdn®v]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈-s´. Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv Ct∏mƒ sNbvXp-

h-cp-∂Xpw `mhn-bn¬ sNøp-∂-Xp-amb Imcy-ßƒt]m-sebpwAXn-ep-]-cn-bmb \ne-bnepw kwL-Sn-X-amb GXv Pam-A-Øn\pwsNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. BZy-\q-‰m-≠p-I-fnse apkvenw-Iƒ km[n-®n-cp∂ alm-Ir-Xy-ß-ƒ°v klm-b-I-am-bn-cp-∂Xv kwL-S\bpwPamAØpam-Ip∂ ssZhn-I-i‡n Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. amlm-fly-

Øn-s‚bpw ]Xm-]-Øn-s‚bpw a¿Ωw (A-

√m-lp-hns‚ ssI Pam-A-Øns‚ tase-bm-Wv) F∂ \_n-h-N-\-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. lm, hyk\w! hnizm-kn-I-fmb

apkvenw-Iƒ Cu al-Ømb ]mTsØ hnkva-cn-®p-I-f-™n-cn-°p∂p! apkvenw-Iƒ Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns‚ amXr-I-bn¬\n∂v]mTw ]Tn-t°-≠-Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.'' (28˛12˛1926)

]tc-X-\mb auem\m apl-Ω-Zen kmln_v Cßs\ ]d-

°mw. apkvenw-Iƒ C∂v \mbI-\n-√mØ ssk\y-sØ-t∏m-se-bm-Ip-∂p. D≈- \m-b-I-∑m¿°v ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\-√msXas‰m-∂n\pw t\c-an-√. apkvenw-Iƒ°v H∂m-a-Xmbn Bh-iy-am-bn-´p-≈Xv ]`m-h-im-en-bmb Hcp t\Xm-h-sX. Aß-s\-bp≈kzm[o-\-i-‡n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp am¿§-Z¿i-I≥ D≠m-ImØ Ime-tØmfw \ΩpsS NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ \nebpw XmgvNbpw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂-X-√.''

CtX hnj-b-I-am-bn-Øs∂ emtlm-dnse "kwkw' ]Xw1939 sabv 11-˛mw XnbXn- ]kn≤w sNbvX Hcp ]Zy-Øn¬Cßs\ ]d-™p-Im-Wp∂p: ""Atlm, Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp CamwC√mØ kap-Zmbw Zn\w-]Xn A[x-]-Xn-®p-sImt≠ t]mIp-∂Xv\n\°v ImWmw. Ah¿ kz¿§-Øn-te-°p≈ t\¿hgn F∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv GsXm-∂n-s\-bmtWm AXv hf-™p-]p-f™p \c-I-Øn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. Hcp tIµ-i-‡n-tbmSp IqSmsX Zo\pwZp≥bmhpw kºmZy-am-Ip-∂-X-√. Cam-an-√mØ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚Xe-°p-aosX A[x-]-X\w h´w Np‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.''

Cu D≤m-c-W-ß-fn¬\n∂v C∂sØ apkvenw-Iƒ tIhew_lp-P-\-ß-fm-sW-∂-√m-sX, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Hcp Pam-AØvF∂ \masØ A¿ln-°p-∂n-s√∂v hy‡am°p-∂p. CXn-s∂-Xn-cn¬, Alva-Znøm Pam-AØns‚ ÿnXn-sb-°p-dn®v \njv]-£-amb \ne-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ""AXv Hcp Pam-A-Øm-bn-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv'' F∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) tam£m¿l-cmb Hcp kwL-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-™n-´p≈ B ]tXyI e£-W-Øn\v ]mX-am-Ip-∂-Xv B Pam-AØv amX-am-sW∂v a\-n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-an-√. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw A\-¥-cw, Xs‚Jeo-^-am-cp-sSbpw Iogn¬ BZn-a-ap-kvenw-Iƒ GXp \ne-bn¬Hcp Pam-A-Ømbn Pohn-®p-t]mt∂m, B \ne-bn-ep≈ Pam-AØvAlva-Zn-øm-P-am-AØv H∂p-am-X-am-sW∂v Cu kwL-sØ-°p-dn®v kzev]-sa-¶nepw hnh-c-ap-≈-h¿°v kΩ-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥\nhr-Øn-bn-√. Cu Pam-A-Øns‚ kpkw-L-Sn-X-amb \ne-tbbpwhyh-ÿnXn-tbbpw Ipdn®v a‰p-≈h¿ ]d-™n-´p≈ A`n-]m-b-ß-fn¬ NneXp amXw NphsS tN¿Øp-sIm-≈p-∂p.


I-fn¬\n∂v \√-t]mse hy‡-am-Ip-∂p≠v. Cß-s\-bn-cn-s°,tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B Hcp I£n apkvenw `qcn-]£wXs∂-bm-sW∂v hcp-tºmƒ, aX-[¿Ω-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en®vCkm-bo-ey-sc-t∏m-se-bm-bn -`-hn-°p-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k)B-sc-°p-dn®v ]d-™pthm Ah-sc°p-dn -®p -X-s∂-bmWvtam£]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb k÷-\-ß-sf∂pw Xncp-ta\n ]iw-kn®p ]d-™n-cn -°p-∂-sX∂v kΩ-Xn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-h-cpw.At∏mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Cu ]h-N-\-Øns‚ Xm¬]cyw Xs‚P\w Ah-km-\-Im-eØv blqZn \km-dm-°-tfmSv kmZr-iy-ap-≈h-cm-bn-t∏m-IpIbpw -]e I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn™v Ckvem-an¬\n∂vAI-∂p-t]m-IpIbpw sNøpsa-¶nepw Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pwtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l¿ F∂m-bn-cn-°-W-at√m! Aß-s\, BcvaX-[¿Ω-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en®p Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-sa∂v Xncp-ta\n]d-™n-cn-°p-∂pthm Ah-sc-°p-dn-®p-X-s∂-bmWv DØ-a-sc∂pw]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. CXv A¿∞-c-ln-X-amb Hcp hn]-co-tXm-‡n-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v,tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-sc∂p \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™Xvapkvenw `qcn-]-£-sØ-°p-dn-®m-bn-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√-X-s∂. IqSm-sX, Cßs\ Zpjn-®p-t]m-bh¿ Xs∂-bmWv tam£m¿l-sc∂vhcp-tºmƒ, \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-sf∂v ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-an¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-°m-sXbpw blqZn \km-dm-°-sf-t∏mseZpjn-®p-t]m-Im-sXbpw Ccn-°p∂ \√ Hcp Iq´sc kw_-‘n-®m-bn-cn-°-W-a-s√m. B Iq´-sc-°p-dn®v Aßs\ ]dbm≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw sNdnb Hcp \yq\-]£w Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v kap-Zm-b-am-I-am\w Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sm-h-X-s√∂pw hcp-tºmƒ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-sc∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d™ Hcp-Iq-´¿ `qcn-]-£-°m-cmb apkvenw kaq-l-a-s√∂pw Ah-cn¬\n∂v hyXym-k-s∏´ \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Hcp sNdnb I£n amX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw kΩ-Xn-°msX \n¿∆m-l-an-√.

apkvenw kap-Zmbw BI-am\w Zpjn-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-an¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-®p-t]m-IpIbpw sNøp∂ ÿnXn-°v, Ah¿tam£m¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿ Bbn-cn-°m-h-X-s√∂pw tam£m¿l-

™n-cn-°p-∂p˛ ""P\m_v an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZvkmln-_n-t\bpw (A-lva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns‚ c≠mw Jen-^)At±-l-Øns‚ kwL-Sn-X-amb Pam-A-Øn-t\bpw Ipdn®v Cuhcn-I-fn¬ H∂pw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv \µn-bn-√m-bva-bm-bn-cn-°pw.Ch¿ aX-]-c-amb A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-≈hsc-¶n¬°qSn, Xß-fpsS apgp-h≥ i≤-tbbpw s]mXpsh apkvenw-I-fpsS t£am-`n-hr-≤n-°mbn hym]-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ckvem-anse Cu kpkw-L-SnX kwL-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-coXn qcn-]-£-ap-kvenw-Iƒ°vs]mXp-hm-bpw, ]≈n-I-fn-en-cp-∂p-sIm≠v Ckvemw-aX tkh-\-sØ-°p-dn®v anYym-hmZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°pI ioe-am-bn- p-≈-h¿°v]tXy-In®pw hgn sXfn-bn-°p∂ Zo]-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Imew AXhnZq-c-a-√'' (lw-Z¿Zv, 26-˛9˛1927).

Npcp-°-Øn¬, tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp ]tXyIkwL-sØ-°p-dn®v ""AsXmcp A¬Pam-A-Øm-bn-ń-cn-°p-∂-XmWv'' F∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ ]tXyIe£-Ww, C∂v temI-Øp≈ hnhn[ apkvenw-I-£n-I-fn¬sh®vAlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn¬ A√msX as‰ßpw ]q¿Øn-bm--bn-°m-Wm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√-X-s∂.

thdn´ \yq\-]£wAh-km-\-Im-eØv apkvenw-Iƒ Zpjn®p ]e I£n-I-fmbn

]ncn-bp-Ibpw blqZn \km-dm-°-sf-t∏m-se-bmbn `hn-°p-IbpwsNøp-sa∂v ]d-™-Xns\ XpS¿∂m-Wt√m Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bmbn `n∂n-°p∂ Ah-cn¬ Hcp I£n amXw tam£m¿l-cm-bn-cn -°p-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp -ta-\n( -k) Acp-fn -bn -cn -°p-∂-Xv.CXn¬\n∂v B Hcp ]tXy-I-I£n Zpjn-®p-t]mb `qcn-]-£-am-bn-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw adn-®v, AXv B `qcn-]-£-Øn¬\n∂vthdn´ Hcp \yq\-]-£-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. apkvenwtemI-am-k-Iew Zpjn-®p-t]m-IpIbpw Ah¿ blqZn \km-dm-°-tfmSv ]q¿Æ-\n-e-bn¬ kmZr-iy-ap-≈-h-cmbnØocpIbpw sNøp-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv C°m-esØapkven-I-fn¬ XnI®pw ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn apkvenwt\Xm-°-∑mcpw ]fin-X-∑mcpw Hcp-t]mse kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. -Cu hmkvXhw aptº Hcn-SØv D≤-cn® Ah-cpsS ]kvXm-h-\-


Ahsc ho≠pw Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw CXn¬\n∂v kn≤n-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠v, apkvenw-Iƒ ]e I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw Ah¿ s]mXpsh Zpjn-®p-t]m-IpIbpw sNøp∂ ImeØvAh-cn¬ Hcp-Iq- ¿ amXw \√-h-cm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ D≤m-c-Wm¿∞w ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂Hcp alm-flm-hns‚ A\p-N-c-kw-L-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ssZh-\n-bp-‡-∑msc Bcw-`-Øn¬ A[n-I-P-\-ßfpw \ntj-[n-®p-I-f-bp-Ibpw Hcp \yq\-]£w amXw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-Wt√m temI-kº-Zmbw. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂Xpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v `qcn]£w Zpjn-®p-t]m-IpIbpw Hcp \yq\-]£w amXw tam£m¿l-cm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v ]h-Nn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n-∂v, apkvenw-Isf D≤-cn-°m≥ hcp∂ B alm-flm-hns\ ssIs°m-≈p-∂-h-cmWv B \yq\-]-£-°m-sc∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. A√m-lphpwAhs‚ dkqepw sNbvX hmKvZ-m\-a-\p-k-cn®v C°m-eØv Ckvem-ans‚ ]p\-cp-≤m-c-Wm¿∞w \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ alm-fl-mhns\kzoI-cn® \yq\-]-£-°m-cmb Hcp Pam-AØv, Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv amX-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ap≥]-kvXm-hn® c≠v e£-W-ßfpw F]-Imcw Hcp Pam-A-Øn¬ amXw \nhr-Øn-bm-bn-°m-Wp-∂pthm A]-ImcwXs∂ Cu aq∂m-asØ e£-Whpw CuPam-A-Øn¬X-s∂-bm-Wv ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv. AXm-b-Xv,kPo-h-amb Hcp aX-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ BI-am\w Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ A√mlp Ahsc D≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p Znhym-flm-hns\ Ab-°p-Ibpw \yq\-]-£-°m-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿ At±-lsØA\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw `qcn-]-£-°m¿ X≈n-°-f-bp-Ibpw Aßs\B \yq\-]-£-°m¿ amXw tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

kz¿§m-h-Im-in-IƒFgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-sb-∏‰n \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-

cn-°p-∂Xv ""Hcp-Iq- -scm-gnsI as‰-√m-hcpw \c-I-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw''F∂pw, ""Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v \c-I-Ønepw H∂p-amXw kz¿§-ØnepwBbn-cn-°pw'' F∂p-am-W-t√m. Cßs\ qcn-]£w \c-I-ØnepwHcp sNdnb I£n-amXw kz¿§-Øn-ep-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-Xs∂ B Hcp I£n Ckvem-ans‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h-

cm-b-h¿ B Zpjn® `qcn-]-£-Øn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Hcp \yq\-]-£-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw hcp-tºmƒ, B Hcp-Iq-´¿ GXm-sW∂v \mw t\mt°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kPo-h-amb Hcp aX-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ B aX-[¿Ω-Øn¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en®v AI-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ Ahsc D≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v A√m-lp-Xs∂ Hcp alm-flm-hns\ \ntbm-Kn-®-b-°p∂p F∂Xv Ahs‚ Hcp Znhy-N-´-am-Ip-∂p. Cu \nb-a-sØ-°p-dn®v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂v \ap°v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p-≠v.apkvenw-I-fpsS C∂sØ Zpjn® \ne-sb-°p-dn®v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ kqN-I-ambn ]h-Nn-®n- p-s≠∂v ImWn-°p-∂Xn\v aptºH-cn-SØv D≤-cn® Bb-Øn¬ "aptº KŸw \¬I-s∏-´-h-cn¬'Hcp Zo¿L-Imew Ign-™-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ISp-Øp-t]m-IpIbpw Ah-cn¬ A[n-I-t]cpw B⁄m-ew-L-I-cm-bn-t∏m-IpIbpw sNbvX-Xp-t]mse BIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°vka-b-am-bn-ń-t√, F∂v ]d-™-Xns\ XpS¿∂v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:

""Adn-bp-hn≥, A√mlp `qansb AXns‚ ac-W-Øn-\p-tijw Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv; \nßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n\mw \nßƒ°v hmIy-ßsf hy‡-am-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.'' (57:18)ChnsS KŸm-\p-km-cn-I-fmb blq-Zo\-km-dm-°ƒ Hcp Zo¿L-Im-e-Øn-\p-tijw Zpjn®v A[¿Ωn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂-t]mseapkvenw-Ifpw Bbn-Øo-cp∂ Hcp Imew hcp-sa-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®vkqNn-∏n-®Xns\ XpS¿∂m-Wt√m "A√mlp `qansb AXns‚ac-W-Øn-∂p-tijw Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv' F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ, hc-≠p-ar-X-]m-b-am-bn-t∏mb `qansb A√mlpBIm-i-Øn¬\n∂v sh≈-an-d°n Poh-Øm-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-t]m-se-bmWv Bflo-b-\n-e-bn¬ arXn-b-S™ P\sØ Ah-cn¬Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sm-Ip∂ Bfl-P-e-an-d°n Hcp Poh¬k-ap-Zm-b-ambncq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX∂pw AtX-]-Imcw apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn\pwblqZo\km-dm-°-sf-t∏mse Bflo-bX \„-am-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ A√mlp Ah-cn¬ Hcp alm-flm-hns\ \ntbm-Kn®v


flm-hns\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn°pw tam£m¿l-cmb HcpIq´¿. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]e cq]-Øn¬ kw£n-]vX-ambpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]e-hn-t[\ hy‡-ambpw ]d-™n-´p≈ Zo¿L-Z¿i-\-ßƒ A\p-k-cn®v A√mlp C°m-eØv \ntbm-Kn-®-b®alm-flm-hns\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂XvAlva-Znøm Pam-A-Øm-b-Xp-sIm≠v tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb"Hcp Iq´¿' F∂v ]d-™Xv B alm-flm-hns\ \ntj-[n® `qcn-]-£-°msc Dt±-in-®√; AXv At±-lsØ kzoI-cn® \yq\-]-£-sØ-°p-dn®v Bbn-cn-°ms\ ]mSp-≈q.

FXn¿°-s∏-Sp∂ Pam-AØvFgp-]-Øn-aq∂v Iq´-cn¬ ""Fgp]Ønc≠v \c-I-Ønepw

H∂p-amXw kz¿§Øn-ep-am-bn-cn°pw'' F∂ Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬\_n(k) Fgp-]-Øn-c-≠ns\ Hcp `mKØpw H∂n-s\-amXwFXn¿`m-KØpw \ndp-Øp-I-bm-Ws√m sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXpwtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B Hcp Iq´¿ GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂ Hcp Nq≠p-tIm-em-Wv. a‰p≈ I£n-I-fn¬\n∂vhyXy-kvX-amb ÿnXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn as‰-√m-h-cp-sSbpw Bt£-]-ßƒ°v e£y-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Hcp-Iq-´-cm-bn-cn°pw BbYm¿∞ Ckvem-a-nI-I£n F∂mWv CXn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. kXyw temIØv shfn-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ _lp-P\w AXns\\ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw AXns\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-hsc ITn-\-ambn shdp-°p-Ibpw \nµn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI ]Xn-hm-Wv. Fgp-]-Øn-c≠vI£n- Hcp mKØpw Hcp I£n amXw adp-`m-KØpw Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-b-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xn¬\n∂v B Hcp I£n ]Xy-£-\n-e-bn¬Øs∂ as‰-√m-h-cn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb \ne-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. Cu ]tXy-IX C∂v ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬amX-am-sW∂v Cu Pam-A-Øn-s‚bpw CXc apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpwÿnXn-Iƒ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-t\m-°n-bm¬ Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. inbm, kp∂n, hlvlm-_n, ]Ir-Xn-hmZn XpS-ßn-bp≈apkvenw-Iƒ F∂p amX-a-√, Ckvem-anepw ssZh-Øn¬Xs∂bpw hnizm-k-an-√mØ apkvenw \ma-[m-cn-Iƒt]mepwBhiyw t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ At\ym\yw tbmPn-°p-Ibpw kl-I-

\m¿∞w \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\m-Ip∂ Hcp alm-flm-hns\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-hcpw a‰-h¿ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-cp-am-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. Fs¥-∂m¬,Hcp aX-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ `qcn-`mKw \c-I-Øn-te°vt]mIp-∂-h-cm-sW∂p ]d-b-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ A√mlp Ah¿°vHcp ZqXs\ Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ Ah¿ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xp-hscAh-sc-√m-hcpw \c-Im¿l-cm-sW∂v ]d-bm-h-X-√. apkvenw-IƒI£n-]-Xn-I-£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw aX-Øn¬\n∂v AI-ep-Ibpw sNbvXp XpS-ßn-bXv C∂pw C∂-te-bp-a√; hfsc aptº-Xs∂ Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]e-hn[ hnizm-km-`n-]mb ssh]-co-Xy-ßƒ D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Ah¿ hnhn[ I£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-bp -Ibpw ]e A‘-hn -izm -k-ßfpw A\m -Nm -c -ßfpwssIs°m≈pIbpw sNbvXp-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ Ah-sc-√m-hcpw \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-t∏m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bm-h-X-√.Fs¥-∂m¬, Ah-cn¬ Hcp dkq¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm Bdkq-ens\ Ah¿ \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.F∂m¬, Ah-cpsS ÿnXn -]q¿∆m-[nIw Zpjn-°p-Ibpw aX-Øn¬\n∂v Ah¿ AI-∂p-t]m-IpIbpw Ckvemw AXn-Z-b-\o-b-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bn-em-IpIbpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(k)aptJ\ ]h-Nn-®n-´p-≈-X-\p-k-cn®v A√mlp Hcp alm-flm-hns\\ntbm-Kn-®-b-®p. At±-lsØ apkvenw-I-fn-se- qcn]£-am-fp-Ifpw\ntj-[n-®p-I-f-bp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. At∏m-gmWv "Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v Iqćpw \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn°pw' F∂ Xncp-h-N-\-Øn\vAh¿ ]mX-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv. Cß-s\-sbmcp \yq\-]£w amXwtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™-Xn¬\n∂v Ah¿Ah-km\ ImeØv \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ B ssZh-Zq-Xs\ kzoI-cn-®-h-cm-sW∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Fgp-]-Øn-c-≠vIq-´¿ \c-I-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n-∂v, B qcn-]£w A√m-lp-hns‚ B ZqXs\ \ntj-[n-®-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂va\-n-em-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ A[nI I£n-Ifpw \c-I-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™Xpw Hcp Iq´¿amXw kz¿§-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™Xpw ]q¿Øn-bm-I-W-sa-¶n¬ A√mlp Hcp alm-flm-hns\ \ntbm-Kn-®-b-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. B alm-


∂-Xv. Cßs\ kw`-hn-®Xv ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈ kXysØkzoI-cn-®-h¿s°-Xn-cn¬ F√m Xc-°mcpw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp-IbpwAhsc tZmln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂ Aew-L-\o-b-amb HcptemI-k-º-Zm-b-a-\p-k-cn-®p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

CtX kº-Zm-b-amWv C°m-e-Øv Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-s∂-Xn-cnepw ]mh¿Øn-I-ambn ImWp-∂-Xv. Ckvem-ans‚ kXy-tØbpw amlm-fly-tØbpw ]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw X¬kn-≤m-¥-ßsf ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw A\n-kvem-anI ]t_m-[-\-ßsfJfin-°p-∂-Xn\pw Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv D‰p ]cn-i-an-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ah-cp-sS-t\sc Ckvem-ans‚ sshcn-Iƒ-s°√mwhenb hntZz-j-ap-≈-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂, apkvenw-I-fn-ep≈ HmtcmI£nbpw Ahsc shdp-°p-Ibpw tZmln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-cp-∂p. Xßƒ°v Alva-Zn-I-fp-am-bn-´p-≈-Xn-t\-°m-f-[nIw A`n-]m-b ssh]-co-Xy-ap≈ CX-c-I-£n-I-tfmSv apkvenwI£n-I-tfm-tcm∂pw tbmPn-∏n¬ h¿Øn-°p∂psh∂v amX-a-√, CX-c-aXÿtcm-SpXs∂bpw kl-I-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, I£n-I-sfm-∂pw-Xs∂ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øp-am-bn v Hcp ]Im-c-ØnepwsFIy-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°m≥ Xøm-dn√! Xs∂-bp-a-√, apkvenw-Iƒs°√mw s]mXp-Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬t]mepw Alva-Zn-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v apkvenw-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p-an-√. in-bm-h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ tJmP, t_mlvdm F∂o D]-I-£n-I-fpsShnizm-kssh]-co-Xy-ß-sf-°p-dn®dn-bp-tºmƒ AXm¿°pw B›-cy-ap-f-hm°pw. F∂m¬, Aß-s\bp≈ F√m hIp-∏p-Im-cp-am-bn´pw kl-I-cn-°phm≥ apkvenw-I-£n-I-sfm-∂n\pw hntcm-[-an-√. lnµp-°fpw InkvXym-\n-I-fp-am-bn´pw Ah¿ kl-I-cn-°p-∂p. hnKm-lm-cm-[-\-tbmSv \ockw mhn-°mØ Km‘n-Pn-tbbpwaXhpw ssZhhpw th≠m-sb∂p ]d-bp∂ ]fin‰v s\lvdp-hn-t\bpw, an.-t_mknt\-bpw Ch¿°v tkm¬kmlw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNømw. F∂m¬, aX-Im-cy-Øn¬ F∂-√, cm„o-b-Im-cy-Øn¬t]mepw Hcp AlvaZn ]s¶-Sp-°p-Itbm ÿm\w hln-°p-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ apkvenw-Iƒ kln-°m-\m-ImsX BI-am\w t£m`n-®p-h-im-hp-Ibpw Bt£-]-h¿jw XpS-ßp-IbpwsNøp-∂p. Alva-Zn-sb-∂-√m, Alva-Zn-ø-Øns‚ t\¿°p A\p-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ Hcp-Iq-´¿°pw kap-Zm-b-_-ln-jv°-c-Wtam ]¥n-hn-tcm-[tam C√-X-s∂. F√m I£n-IfpwGIo-I-cn®v Hcp-t]mse X≈n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw Bt£-]n-°p-IbpwtZmln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Alva-Zn-Isf amX-am-Wv. Cß-s\,Hcp Iq´¿ Hcp mKØpw Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v hn`m-K-°mcpw FXn¿]-£-Øp-am-sW-∂p≈ B hyXymkw ChnsS ]Xy-£-ambnImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn¬\n-∂v, Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv Xs∂-bmWv tam£sØ A¿ln-°p∂ B ]tXy-I-kwLw F∂vkv]„-am-Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v shfn-s∏´ kXyw kzoI-cn-®-h¿ F√m Ime-ß-fnepw FXn-c-`n-]m-b-°m-cmb _lp-P-\-ß-fm¬ _ln-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw tZml-n°-s∏-Sp-IbpamWvsNbvXp-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cukm\_n°pw injy¿°pw blq-Z-cp-ambn A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv, Aev]w Nne kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ amX-a-mbn-cp∂p. F∂n´pw blq-Z-cn-ep≈ hn`n∂ I£n-I-sf√mw H∂p-tN¿∂v B alm-flm-hn-t\bpw At±-l-Øns‚injy-kw-L-tØbpw ITn-\-ambn D]-Z-hn-°p-I-bpw, AXn-te°vXß-fp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√mØ hnK-lm-cm-[-\-°m-scbpw tdmam-°m-scbpw Iq´p-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ Ah-cpsSkl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn Chsc a¿±n-°pIbpamWv sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. CtX-]-Im-cw, \_nXn-cp-ta-\nbpw injy-kw-Lhpw hnK-lm-cm-[-\-°msc At]-£n®v Xß-fp-ambn IqSp-X¬ ASp-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp-∂n´pw blq-Z¿ Xßƒ°v Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp≈ hntZzjw

\nanØw ]d™n-cp-∂Xv ""Cu apivcn-°p-

I-fmWv Cu hniz-kn-®-h-sc-°mƒ A[nIw t\¿h-gn-bn-ep-≈-h¿''(4:52) F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. CtX-]-Im-cw Xs∂ Htc PmXn-bn¬s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂-Xn\p ]pdsa C_vdm-low(-A), Ckvam-Cu¬(-A)F∂nh-cn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ahsc _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw IAv-_sb ]pWy-tZ-hm-e-b-ambn°cpXn l÷vI¿Ωw A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°pw injy¿°pwXß-fp-ambn Hcp ]tXy-I-_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw apivcn°p-I-sf√mw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS FXn-cn¬ H∂p-tN-cp-Ibpw Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw injy-K-W-tØbpw _ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw a¿±n-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xn\v Iq´p-tN¿∂v ]h¿Øn-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvXn-cp-


∂p.'' CXn-\p-]p-d-ta, emtlm-dn¬Øs∂ auem\m k^-d-en-Jms‚ A[y-£-X-bn¬ tbmKw IqSp-Ibpw AXn¬ apkvenw-Ifpw CX-c-a-X-ÿcpw ]¶p-sIm≠v Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-t\bpw X¬ÿm-]-I-t\bpw Hcp-t]mse A[n-t£-]n-°p-IbpwiIm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-ap-≠v. AXns‚ hnkvXo¿Æ-hn-hcwssZ¿Ly- -b-Øm¬ ChnsS tN¿°p-∂n-√. 1933 am¿®v 7,8,9 F∂oXnø-Xn-I-fnse "kaoµm¿' ]Xw t\m°p-∂-h¿°v B tbmK-dn-t∏m¿´v ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CtX-]-Im-cw-X-s∂, 1935 \hw-_¿16-˛\v Aar-Xvk-dnse ssJdp-±o≥ akvPn-Zn¬ sh®v ss^kp¬l-k≥ Bep-a-lmcn F∂-bm-fpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ "Alvdmcn'I£n-°m-cpsS Hcp tbmKw IqSp-Ibpw AXn¬ sh®v AXns‚knI- -dn-bmb auem\m akvl¿ Aen Akvl¿ (in-bm) sNbvX]kw-K-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-I-bp-ap≠mbn: ""\Ωƒ klm-_n-Isf XpS¿∂v ap^vkn-Zp-I-fm-bn-Øo-c-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS Ime-Snsb]n≥Xp-S-cp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \mw XΩn¬Ø-t√-≠n-h-cpw. AXp-sIm≠v inbm, kp∂n, hlvlm_n Ch-cn¬ sFIyw D≠m-bn-cn-°bpw ]q¿∆n-I-∑m-sc-t∏mse Ie-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpwth≠Xm-Wv. klm_n-am-tcbpw "DΩ-lm-Øp¬ apAv-an-\o-t\'bpw(\-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xv\n-am-tc-bpw) \nßƒ t\mt°-≠m.Ah-cpsS A_-≤-ßƒ kap-Zm-bsØ \in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. DΩ-l-mØp¬ apAv-an-\os‚ sX‰p-Iƒ \nß-fpsS a\-n¬ sh°p-Ibpw \nßƒ At\ym\yw sFIy-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥. ]q¿∆n-I-∑m-cpsS hrØm¥w hnkva-cn®v F√m-hcpw tN¿∂van¿km-bn-ø-Øns\ (A-lva-Zn-ø-Øn-s\) \in-∏n-°p-hn≥. \ΩƒAi≤ ImWn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Cu "\miw' \ΩpsS Xe-bv°p-aosX amX-a-√, apgp-h≥ temIØpw hym]n-°p-∂-XmWv'' (A¬ -k¬ 21.11.35). Cßs\, A√mlp hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]iw-kn®p ]d-™n-´p≈ ]pWy-k-lm-_n-I-tfbpw BZysØ aq∂vJeo-^-am-tcbpw "kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS amXm-°-sf'∂p Jp¿-B-\n¬ \mam-`n[m\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p≈ Xncp-\_n ]Xv\n-am-tcbpwFXbpw \oN-amb \ne-bn¬ Bt£-]n-°p∂ Iq -tcm-Sp-t]mepwCX-c-ap-kvenw-Iƒ kl-I-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-tØbpw Xncp-]-Xv\n-am-tcbpw lrZb-]q¿∆wkvt\ln-°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Alva-Zn-I-fp-

Iqe-at\m`m-h-ap≈ Hcmƒt]mepw s]mXp-Im-cy-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ JmZn-bm-\n-bm-sW∂pwa‰pw ]d™v Abmƒs°-Xn-cn¬ ]ma-c-P-\-ßsf Ch¿ Cf-°n-hn-Sp-∂p. Cßs\ Ckvem-ap-ambn _‘-an-√mØ lnµp-°-fp-ambntbmPn®pw Ah-cpsS t\XrXzw kzoI-cn®pw h¿Øn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-h¿Xs∂ Alva-Zn-Isf s]mXp-hmb cm„o-b-Im-cy-ß-fn¬t]mepw ]¶p-tN¿°msX AI‰n \ndp-Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

CX-bp-a-√, Ckvem-an-\p-th≠n F√m-h-sc-°m-f--pa[nIwXymKw sNøp-∂Xv Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øm-bn-cp-∂n´pw, Cu Pam-A-Øn¬ tNcp-∂-Xnepw IqSp-X¬ \√Xv Bcy-k-am-P-Øn-tem,InkvXp-a-X-Øntem tNcp-∂-Xm-sW-∂p-IqSn apkvenw-I-fn¬]ecpw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. F∂p-am-X-a-√, Alva-Zn-øm-P-am-A-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ InkvXy-tcbpw Bcy-k-am-P-tØbpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpambn kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw th≠-Xm-sW-∂p-IqSn Ah¿ ]d-bm-dp-s≠-∂Xv Hcp ]c-am¿∞w amX-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, "auem\m k^denJm≥' Xs‚ "kaoµm¿' ]X-Øns‚ 4-˛3-˛33-˛se "JmZn-bm≥e°w' F∂ hnti-jm¬]Xn-bn¬ ""bko-Zn-øØ-v' AXns‚ kIe ss]im-NnI i‡n-tbm-Spw-IqSn JmZn-bm-\n¬\n∂v Xe-s]m-°n-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p''F∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v hmb-\-°m-tcmSv C]-Imcw Hc-`y¿∞\sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p: "kaoµm¿' bko-Zn-ø-Øn-s∂Xncn¬ ka-cw\S-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \nßƒ kaoµm-cn-\p-th≠n XymKw sNøp-hn≥. "\q¿-A^v-im≥' (In-kvXo-b-]-Xw) bkoZn-ø-Øns∂\in∏n°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \q¿ A^vims\ klm-bn-°p-hn≥."Bcym-ap-km- n¿' (B-cy-]-Xw) bko-Zn-ø-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ t]mcm-Sp∂psh-¶n¬ AXn¬ Bcy-ap-km-^n-dns‚ ]£w tNcp-hn≥!JmZn-bm-\n-ø-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ lnµp, apkvenw, InkvXy≥ F∂]iv\w A\m-h-iy-am-Wv. BZy-ambn Bflm-hn-t\bpw Bflo-b-[¿Ω-tØbpw arXyp-hn¬\n∂v c£n-°p-hn≥. AXn¬]ns∂AXns‚ hf¿®bv°v GXp-am¿§-amWv kzoImcy-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. JmZn-bm-\n-ø-Øns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfwa\p-jy-cm-k-Iew H∂p-tN¿∂v AXn-t\mSv t]mcm-tS-≠-Xm-Ip-


hyXykvX I£n-Iƒ At\ym\yw Ip^vdpsIm≠v hn[n-®n-´p-≠v.Zr„m¥wtXSn Zqsc-sbßpw t]mtI-≠-Xn-√. bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-I£n apivcn-°p-I-fm-sW∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ImesØapivcn°p-I-fpsS F√m e£-W-ßfpw Ah-cn-ep-s≠∂pw tIc-f-Ønse D¬]-Xn-jvWp-I-£n-bn¬s∏´ ]e ]fin-X-∑mcpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. apivcn°v F∂Xv Im^n¿ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ A[nIw ISp-Ø-Xm-W-t√m. CtX-]-Im-cw-Xs∂ tIc-f-Ønse ]e Benw-Ifpw tN¿∂v hlvlm-_n-I-sf∂p Bt£-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ D¬]-Xn-jvWp-°-tfbpw Ip^vdpsIm≠v hn[n-®n-´p-≠v. (d-±p¬ hlvlm-_nø t\m°p-I) F¥n-\-[nIw ]d-bp-∂p,Alva-Zn-ø-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ t]cp-tI´ Hcp ]gb sshcn-bmbauehn k\m-D-√mlv kmln-_n-t\bpw auem\m k^-d-en-Jm≥kmln-_n-t\bpw hn]-co-Xm-`n-]m-b-°m-cmb Benw-Iƒ hfsci‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ip^vdp Xvh sNøp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Ip^vdn-s\-°p-dn®v kwi-bn-°p-∂-h¿t]mepw Im^n-dm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂v hn[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvI-bp-≠m-bn- p-≠v. Cßs\ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ XpS-cm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ip^vdpsIm≠v hn[n-°p-IbpwsNøp∂ CX-c-I-£n-I-sfm∂pw Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-t∏mse kap-Zm-b -_-ln-jv°-c-W-Øn\pw lnwk-Iƒ°pw e£y-am-hp-Itbm Ah¿s°-Xn-cm-bn´v Alva-Zn-Iƒs°-Xn-cn-se-∂-t]mse F√m Iqćpw Hcp-an®p IqSp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√.- A-Xn-\m¬ Alva-Zn-Iƒ CXc apkvenw-Isf XpS¿∂v \a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw Ip^vdp hn[n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠pamWv Ah-cpsSFXncn¬ F√m-hcpw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcn-°epw icn-b-√. Xt∂-bp-a-√, Alva-Zn-Iƒ Btcbpw Im^n-sd∂v hn[n-°p-∂p-an-√. A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-®-b® ZqX-∑m-sc-√m-h-cnepw hniz-kn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-am-sW∂pw Ah-cn¬ Hcphy‡nsb \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv Ip^vdpw F√m-h-tcbpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v Xpey-hp-am-sW∂pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) Ckvem-anse ]h-N-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb Hcp kXym-flm-hm-sW∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ kXyw Jp¿-B≥ km£y-ß-fmepw Znhy-Zr-„m-¥-ß-fmepw sXfn-bp-∂p-sh∂pw Alva-Zn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-tºmƒ At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv Jp¿-Bs‚ `mj-bn¬ Ip^vdv

ambn Hcp ]Im-c-Ønepw tbmPn-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v apkvenw-IƒXocp-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v Ahsc ]pd¥≈n-bn-cn-°-bmWv! Cßs\Hcp-Iq-´¿ Hcp-`m-KØpw Fgp-]-Øn-c≠v Iq´¿ FXn¿`m-K-Øp-am-sW∂ e£Ww ]Xy-£-Øn¬Øs∂ \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn¬ \n∂v, B Hcp ]tXyI Iq´¿ GXm-sW∂v\√-t]mse a\-n-em-°mw.

CXc apkvenw-Isf Im^n-sd∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pwAhsc XpS¿∂v \a-kvI-cn-°m-ØXp sIm≠p-amWv Alva-Zn-Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ F√m-hcpw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v h√-hcpw ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv \ymb-am-I-pIbn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬,BZy-ambn Ip^vdpsIm≠v hn[n-®Xp Alva-Zn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√.Alva-Zn-Isf a‰p-≈-h-cmWv BZy-ambn Ip^vdp^Xvh sNbvX-Xv. lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) Xs‚ hmZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®-tXm-Sp-IqSnCcp-∂q-tdmfw Benw-Iƒ tN¿∂v At±-l-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ Ip vdp-^Xvh Fgp-Xn. ]ns∂ Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv Fhn-sS-sb√mwÿm]n-X-amtbm Ahn-sS-sb√mw Ahsc a‰p-f-f-h¿ Ip^vdpsIm≠v hn[n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS t]cn¬ kap-Zmb _ln-jv°-cWw \S-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.- tI-c-f-Øn¬ BZy-ambn Pam-AØv ÿm]n-°-s∏´ IÆq-cn¬ \S∂ kw`hw CXn-te°v\s√mcp Zr„m-¥-am-Wv. IqSm-sX, At\ym\yw XpS¿∂v \a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-hcpw ]c-kv]cw Ip^vdpsIm≠v hn[n-°p-∂-h-cp-ambIq´¿ apkvenw -I -fn¬ [mcm -f -ap -≠v. inbm˛ -kp -∂n -IƒAt\ym\yhpw apJ-√n-Zp-Ifpw Kbv¿ap-J-√n-Zp-Ifpw XΩn-epw, inbm-°-fn¬Ø-s∂-bp≈ hnhn[ I£n-I-f-t\ym-\yhpw \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ XpS-cp-∂-h-c-√. F∂n-´pw, Ah-cn¬ Hcp-Iq-´¿°pw ]¥n-hn-tcm-[tam _ln-jv°c-Wtam C√ F∂p amX-a-√, tIhew\a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-h¿°pw \a-kvImcw XpS-ßnb aX-I¿Ωm-\p-jvTm\w shdpw auVy-am-sW-∂v ]dbp∂-h¿°pw-IqSn ]¥n-hn-tcm-[-tam, _ln-jv°-c-Wtam C√-X-s∂. Ch¿°pw CXcapkvenw-I-fp-ambn IqSn-°-gn-bm\pw hnt\m-Z-Øn-\m-bn-s´-¶nepw]≈n-bn¬ ]th-in-°m\pw km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, Alva-Zn-Iƒ°m-Is´ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-t]mepw ]≈n-bn¬ ]th-i\we`n-°p-∂n-√. CtX-]-Im-cw-Xs∂ apkvenw-I-fn-ep≈ Cu


""\nßƒ a\p-jy¿°mbn Fgp-t∂¬]n°s∏´ kap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬sh®v tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-am-Ip-∂p. \nßƒ \∑ D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw Xn∑ hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-h-cm-Wv''(3:111). Cu ssZh-hm-Iy-Øn¬, apkvenw-I-sf-°p-dn®v tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-sa∂v ]d-™-Xns\ XpS¿∂v, Ah¿\∑ D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw Xn∑ hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cm-sW∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn\v Cue£Ww D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂pw B kwK-Xn-bn-emWv Ahsc tijv-T-k-ap-Zm-b-sa∂v hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv Ah¿ kXy-tØbpw [¿Ω-tØbpw Ipdn®v D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw Ak-Xy-tØbpw A[¿Ω-tØbpw Ipdn®v hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw ssZh-Øn¬ ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-I-bpw sNøp-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p. Cu e£Ww \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-N-c-kw-L-Øn\v FXbpw ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb \ne-bn¬D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv Ahn-X¿°n-X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿tijvT-k-ap-Zmbw F∂ t]cn\v XnI®pw A¿l-cm-bn-cp-∂p.Ah¿ k¿∆-hn[ XymKhpw sNbvXv ssZh-ZuXyw a‰p-≈-h¿°vFØn-°p-Ibpw B kXy-Øn\v FXn-cmb kwK-Xn-Isf Ak-Xy-sa∂v sXfn-bn-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. Ckvemw-aX ]Nm-c-W-Øn--\p-th≠n Ah¿ tZlw-sIm≠pw [\w-sIm≠pw ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-ans\ hmƒsIm≠v \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-´-h-tcmSv t]mcm-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßs\ \∑ D]-tZ-in-°p-IbpwXn∑ hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb∂ IS-asb Ah¿ FXbpw]i-kvX-amb \ne-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-®p-t]m-∂p. Ahcpw Ah-cpsS]n≥Km-an-Ifpw Ckvemw-aX ]t_m-[-\-Øn-\p-th≠n sNbvX]cn-i-a-ß-fp-sSbpw XymK-ß-fp-sSbpw ê-am-bn-´p-X-s∂-bmWvtemI-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw Ckvemw ]N-cn-®-Xv. \∑ D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw Xn∑ hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvI-sb-∂-Xns‚A¿∞w \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv XpS-ßnb I¿Ω-ßf\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw If-hv, tamjWw XpS-ßnb Zp¿hr-Øn-Isf ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p-

At√? Ip^vdv F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w \ntj-[n-°pI F∂m-W-

t√m. Jp¿-Bs‚ Cu hn[n-b-\p-k-cn®v ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb Bsf

\ncm-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Ip^vdm-sW∂v amX-amWv Alva-Zn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ a‰p-≈-h-sc√mw H∂p-tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, C°m-eØv ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v

shfn-s∏´ kXy-Øn¬ Ah¿ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠-√msX as‰m-∂p-sIm-≠p-a-√. Aßs\ ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈

kXym-flm-°sf ssIs°m-≠-h¿°m-Wt√m F√m Ime-ß-fnepw CØcw Ahÿ A\p- -h-am-bn- p-≈-Xv. C]-Imcw as‰√m

apkvenw I£n-Ifpw Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ Hcp mK-

Øp-tN¿∂v \nev°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B Hcp Iq´¿ Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øm-sW-∂-Xn-

te°v aXn-bmb Hcp km£y-am-Wv.

X_veoKv sNøp∂ Pam-AØvFgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-

´¿ GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂ A©p kwK-Xn- \_n-Xn-

cp-ta-\n(-k)bpsS B ]h-N-\-Øn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ FSpØp hnh-cn-®p-I-gn-™p. C\n hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip∂ Nne

kwKXn-IƒIqSn ]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-f-fp-∂p. Jp¿-B-\n¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-N-c-kw-L-Øn\v tijvT-k-ap-ZmbwF∂mWv \mam-`n-[m\w sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B tijvT-k-ap-

Zm-b-Øn-∂p-≈-Xmbn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ FSp-Øp-]-d-™n-cn-°p∂KpWw GsXm-cp-Iq- -cn¬ sXfn-™p-Im-Wp-∂pthm Ah¿ amXta

tam£-Øn-∂¿lcmb I£n Bbn-cn-°m≥ ]mSp-≈q. Fs¥-

∂m¬, tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ B ]tXy-IX Hcp I£n-°p-≠m-bn-cns° Ah¿ tam£-Øn-∂¿l-c-√m-Xm-IpIbpw B

]tXy-I-X-bn-√mØ at‰-sX-¶n-ep-samcp I£n tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøpI kw`m-hy-a-√. tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-sØ-

°p-dn®v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv C]-Im-c-amWv:


]d-™Xv, Ah¿°v Xncp-ta\n aptJ\ kn≤n® Xc-Øn-ep≈ssZh-hn-izmkw a‰p-≈-h¿°v C√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, klm-_n-Ifpw A\-¥-c-Km-an-IfpwXßƒ°v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) aptJ\ A\p-`-h-amb Zr„m-¥-ßƒhgn ssZh-Øn¬ ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-®-hcpw Ckvemw-a-XsØ A\y¿°v ]t_m-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n hf-sc-b-[nIw]b-Xv\n-®-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu KpWw ItaW apkvenw-I-fn¬Ipd-™p- Ipd™ph-cnIbpw Ah¿ I£n-]-Xn-I-£n-I-fmbn]ncn™p XΩn¬ a’-cn-°p-Ibpw HSp-hn¬ blqZo\kmdm-°-sf-t∏m-se-bmbn Ah-cn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ \mahpw Jp¿-Bs‚en]nbpw amXw _m°n-bm-Ipsa∂p ]h-Nn-°-s∏´ B Imewhs∂-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßs\ Ah¿ Ckvem-an¬\n-∂-I∂v`n∂-I-£n-I-fmbn ]ncn-™n-cn-°p∂ L´-Øn¬ Ah-cn¬GsXmcp I£n-bn-emtWm tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ KpW-ambnhnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ B ]tXy-IX ImWp-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xv, B Iq´¿X-s∂-bmWv tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb HcpI£n. F∂-√m-sX, tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ B ]tXy-I-X-bp≈ I£n tam£-Øn-∂¿l-c-√m-Xmbn t]mIpIbpw B KpW-an-√mØ at‰-sX-¶n-ep-samcp I£n tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvI Hcn-°epw kw`m-hy-a-√. A]-Imcw hcn-I-sb-∂Xv hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\pw bp‡n°pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsSinjykwL-Øns‚ ÿm\-Øn\pw `wK-I-c-am-Ip-∂p.

C\n tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-bmbn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ ]kvXpX KpWw apkvenw-I-sf∂v]d-bp∂ hnhn[ I£n-I-fn¬ B¿°m-Wp-≈-sX∂p t\m°mw.Cu kwKXn a\-n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v \mw AX-sbm∂pw hnj-an-t°≠n hcn-I-bn -√. kz]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ BZ¿iw-Xs∂Ckvemw-aX ]t_m-[-\-am-sW∂v ]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp apkvenw-I£n Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv amX-am-sW∂v B¿°pw \njv]-bmkw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Pam-AØv P\-kw-Jy-bnepw [\-i-‡n-bnepwas‰√m I£n-I-tfbpw At]-£n®v Xptemw sNdnb Hcp Iq´-cm-bn-cp -∂n´pw tImSn-°-W-°m-bp≈ CXc apkvenw-Iƒ°p

Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ D]-tZiw sNøpI amX-a-√Fs¥--∂m¬, apkvenw-I-fpsS I¿Ω-]-c-amb CØcw kwK-Xn-Isf kw_-‘n® D]-tZiw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy¿°pwA\-¥-c-Km-an-Iƒ°pw Aap-kvenw-I-tfmSv BZyta sNøm-h-X-√-t√m. At∏mƒ Ah-cpsS D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ ]Y-ahpw ][m-\-hp-amb `mKw Ckvem-ans‚ kXy-sØbpw XØz-sØbpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]t_m-[\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. I¿Ω-]-c-amb Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n® D]-tZ-i-am-Is´ B kXysØ kzoI-cn-®-h-tcmSv Bbn-cn-°-W-a-t√m. Xs∂-bp-a-√, kXy-ssZ-h-sØbpwAhs‚ GI-Xz-sØbpw Ah-¶¬\n∂v shfn-s∏´ kXysØbpwIpdn-®p≈ D]-tZiw Xs∂-bmWv \√-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ D]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬sh®v ][m-\-am-b-Xv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, klm-_n-Ifpw A\-¥-c-Km-an-Ifpw Ckvem-an-I-k-XysØ temI-Øn\v ]Xy-£-am°ns°mSp-°p-∂-Xn\pa\km hmNm I¿ΩWm D‰p ]cn-i-an-°p-Ibpw AXn--te°v Xß-fp-sS- tZlhpw [\hpw ka-bhpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw -sNbvXp.AtX-]-Im-cw-Xs∂ Ah¿ ssZh-Øn¬ ZrV-amb hnizm-ksØDd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS kml-N-cyhpwin£-Whpw aptJ\ Ah¿°v ssZh-Øn-ep -≠m-bn -cp∂hnizmkw kpZr-Vhpw kPo-hhpw A\p-`-h-kn-≤hpw Bbn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv Ah¿°v Ckvem-an-\p-th≠nPoh\pw [\hpw Dgn-™p-sh-®p-sIm≠v ]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-Xbpw D’m-lhpw D≠m-bXv. Hcp P\-Øn\v Cßs\ kPo-h-amb ssZh-hn-izmkw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv ssZh-Øm¬ \nbp-‡-\m-Ip∂ Hcp kXym-flm-hns‚ in£Ww aptJ-\-X-s∂-bm-Wv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ssZh-hn-izm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv taep-≤-cn®Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ "\nßƒ ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip∂p' F∂v tijvT-k-ap-Zm-bsØ ]iw-kn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv; A√msX shdpw \ma-am-X-amb hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®-√. t]cn\p amX-ap≈ kmam-\y-hn-izm-k-am-sW-¶n¬ AXv Aap-kvenw-I-fmb blqZo\km-dm-°ƒ°pw apivcn-°p-Iƒ°p-Iq-SnbpwD≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬, \nßƒ "ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip∂p' F∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-sØ-°p-dn®v


""Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns‚ al-Ømb ]hr-Øn-Isf icn-bmb\ne-bn¬ ho£n-°p∂ GsXm-cmfpw Ah-cpsS ]hr-Øn-I-sf-°p-dn®v A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, Cu sNdn-b-kwLw km[n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv tImSn-°-W-°mb apkvenw-Iƒ°vsNøm≥ Ign-bmØ Imcy-amWv'' (A¬^-Xv-lv, 1351 Pam-Zn-m-\n, 20). Z¬ln-bnse "tXPv' F∂ Bcy]Xw ]d-™n-cn-°-bmWv: ""temI-sØ-ßp-ap≈ ap-kvenw-I-fn¬h®v ê-]-Z-ambpw\nc-¶p-i-ambpw aX-]-Nm-c-W-the \S-Øn-h-cp∂ GI-kwLwAlva-Znøm Pam-A-Øm-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ C¥y-bnepw CXccmPy-ß-fnepw \ΩpsS ip≤n-]-ÿm-\-Øn\v G‰hpw henb ]Xn-_-‘-ambn \n¬°p-∂Xv Cu Alva-Znøm kwL-am-Wv. Alva-Znøm kwL-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-i‡n C¥y-bn¬ amX-a-√, CXccmPy-ß-fnepw hym]n-®n-´p-≠v. bqtdm-∏v, Ata-cn-°, B^n-°,BkvtX-enb F∂o cmPy-ß-fnepw Atd_y apX-emb Gjy-bpsS a‰p `mK-ß-fnepw F∂√ temIsØ ][m\ cmPy-hn-`m-K-ß-fn-se√mw Cu kwL-Øns‚ imJ-Itfm hy‡n-Itfm]h¿Ø\w \S-Øn-t∏m-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬, \mw C¥y-bn¬h®vAlva-Zn-I-tfmSv FXn¿°msX aXn-a-d-∂p-In-S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬\msf \ap°v Ckvem-anI cmPy-ß-fnepw bqtdm-∏nepw Ata-cn-°-bnepw ip≤n-the sNøp-∂Xv Akm-≤y-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv''(tX-Pv, 25˛7˛1927). Hcp Ata-cn-°≥ anj-W-dn-bmb ]mXncn Ioa¿]d-™-Xn-]-Im-c-am-Wv. ""C¥y≥ apkvenw-I-fn¬ s]mXpsh Hcp\ncm-im-`m-h-amWv hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-∂n-S-bn¬ Hcp \h-ssN-X\yw Ifn-bm-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu \ne°v Cu Pam-AØv FXbpw it≤-b-am-Wv. Ch¿ Xß-fpsS apgp-h≥ i≤bpw Ignhpw Ckvemw-aX]t_m-[-\-Øn-∂mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ckvemw-a-X-]-t_m-[\w Pohn-tXm-t±-iy-ambn hcn-®n-´p≈ Hcp kwLw,apkvenw-I-fn¬ Cusbmcp Pam-AØv amX-am-Ip-∂p..... Ch-cpsSCS-bn¬ ]cn-e-kn-°p∂ XymK-k-∂-≤-Xbpw X_veo-Kn-\p≈Xoh -i -‡nbpw Ckvem -ans‚ t]cn -ep≈ Bflm¿∞kvt\lhpw ImWp-tºmƒ Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambnØs∂ ChscA`n-\-µn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Rm≥ JmZn-bm≥ kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfp-I-sf-sb√mw aX-]-t_m-[-\Im-cy-Øn¬

sNøphm≥ km[n-°mØ Xc-Øn¬ temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fnepw sN∂v Ckvemw-aX ]t_m-[\w sNbvXp-h-cp-∂XpwCh¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. CXn-∂p-th≠n Pam-AØv e£-°-W-°mbcq] sNe-hn-Sp-Ibpw ]e-hn[ _p≤n-ap- p-Ifpw t¢i-ßfpw kln-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. Cu hkvXpX hnhn[ aXm-\p-bm-bn-I-fmb]e hnZzm-∑mcpw kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-ap≠v. Aar-X-k-dnse "X≥kow']X-Øn¬ AXns‚ A-[n-]-cmb auehn A–p¬ aPoZp J¿inCßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ""AXns‚ (A-lva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-s‚) kwJym-_ew \nm-c-am-sW-¶nepw ]hr-Øn-cw-K-Øv AXn-∂p≈ ÿm\w FXbpw hep-Xm-Wv. `n∂n-®p-In-S-°p∂ tImSn-°-W-°n-ep≈ apkvenw-Iƒ°v sNøm-\m-ImØ Imcyw kpkw-L-Sn-X-amb Cu sNdp-kwLw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ \n¿∆-ln-®p-t]m-cp-∂p. C∂v C¥y-bn¬ Alva-Znøm ]Nm-c-I-kw-L--S\-tbmSp Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp∂ hs√mcp kwL-S-\-bp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXvInkvXym-\n-I-fp-tSXp amX-am-Wv. F∂m¬, Bflm¿∞-X, XymK-t_m-[w, A®-S°w, A\p-k-cWw apX-emb KpW-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n t\m°p-tºmƒ C¥y≥ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Alva-Zn-I-fpsS AbeØp-t]mepw FØp-I-bn-√-Xs∂'' (X≥kow,28˛12˛1926). tKmd-Iv]q-cnse "aivcnJv' ]Xw ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:"Alva-Znøm kwLw Fß-s\-bp≈ XymK-_p-≤n-tbmSpw i≤-tbmSpw D’m-l-tØmSpw IqSn-bmtWm Ckvemw-aX ]Nm-c-Wm¿∞w ]b-Xv\n-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv, Aß-s\-bp≈ ]bXv\w C°m-eØv a‰p kwL-ß-fpsSbnS-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n√' (a-ivcnJv,15˛3˛1923) AtX -]XwXs∂ ho≠pw ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. ""BZnaapkvenw-I-sf-t∏mse bmsXmcp kwL-tØtbm hy‡n-tbtbm`b-s∏-SmsX bYm¿∞-amb Ckvem-an-I-tk-h\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Alva-Znøm kwLw amX-am-Ip∂p'' (aivcnJv,22˛9˛1927). emtlm-dnse "kao-µm¿' ]Xw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv. ""Alva-Znøm kwLw Ckvem-an\v Aaq-ey-amb tkh\wsNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ]fin-X-∑mcpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw bmsXmcp Ne-\hpw Nn¥bpw IqSmsX Ccn°p∂ C°m-eØv ZrV-\n-›-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Cu kwLw Ckvem-an∂v al-Ømb tkh\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p'' (k-ao-µm¿ 24˛6˛1923)CuPn]vXnse "A¬^Xvlv' ]Xw Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:


""Cu kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn¬ Hcp Iq´-cp-≠m-bn-h-cpw. Ah¿°v Ah-cpsS BZy-Ø-h-cpsS amXncn ]Xn-êw e`n°pw; Ah¿ \√-Xns\ D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw Xnø-Xns\hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw "^nXv\'°mtcmSv bp≤w sNøp-Ibpw sNøpw''(an-iv°m-Øv). Cu \_n-h-N-\-Øn¬, ]q¿∆-ap-kvenw-I-sf-t∏msekXy-]-t_m-[\w sNøp-Ibpw "^nXv\-'°m-tcmSv t]mcm-Sp-IbpwsNøp∂ Hcp-Iq- ¿ Ah-km-\- Im-e-Øp-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw AXn-\m¬Ah¿°v B ]q¿∆o-I¿°p-≈-am-Xncn ]Xn-êw e`n-°p-sa-∂p-amWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cß-s\, Ah-km-\-Im-eØv apkvenw-Iƒ s]mXpsh Zpjn-®p-t]m-IpIbpw Ah¿ ]e I£n-I-fm-bn -]n-cn™p blqZn \km-dm-°-sf-t∏m-se-bm-bn-Øo-cp-IbpwAhcn¬ Hcp I£n-amXw tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cm-bn-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp-sa∂v Acp-fnb \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Xs∂ Ah-km-\-Im-eØv BZna apkvenw-I-sf-t∏mse tijvT-Kp-W-ap≈ Hcp-Iq-´¿D≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂pw ]h-Nn-®p-sIm≠v tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb BHcp-Iq-´¿ tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ KpW-ap-≈-h-cm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ]kvXpX \_n-h-N-\-Øn¬ "Ah¿^nXv\-°m-tcmSv bp≤w sNøp-Ibpw sNøpw' F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ km[yw Ah¿ hmfp-sIm≠v bp≤w sNøp-sa∂√.bp≤w F∂-Xn∂v F√m ÿeØpw hmƒsIm-≠p≈ bp≤wF∂-pXs∂ A¿∞-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. nXv\-°m¿ GXp-XcwBbp-[w-sIm≠v Ckvem-ans\ FXn¿°p-∂pthm AtX-hn[wBbp-[w-sIm≠v Ah-tcmSv t]mcmSn Ckvem-ans\ c£n°pwF∂mWv ChnsS bp≤w sNøp-sa-∂-Xns‚ hnh-£nXw. Ckvem-an-s∂-Xn-cmbn F√m ]ÿm-\hpw nXv\-X-s∂-sb-¶nepw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ FXbpw hºn® ^nXv\-bmbn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂XvInkvXy-≥^n-Xv\-sb-°p-dn-®pw, \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) AXy¥w`bm-\-I-amb ^nXv\-bmbn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv Z÷m-eo--^n-Xv\-sb-°p-dn-®p-am-Wv. CXn¬\n∂v Cu c≠v nXv\bpw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp-`m-KØv Ckvemw-aX]Nm-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n hf-sc-sbms° ]cn-i-an-°p-Ibpw adp-

Bth-iw-sIm-≠-h-cmbpw Ckvem-ans‚ hnP-b-Øn¬- D-d®hnizm-k-ap-≈-h-cm-bp-amWv ImWp-I-bp-≠m-b-Xv.'' (apkvenw thƒUv, 1931G]n¬ e°w) Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns‚ CkvemwaX-]-N-mc-Wm¿∞-ap≈ CØcw ]cn-i-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v a‰p ]ecpw tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. Ah-sb√mw ChnsS FSp-Øp-tN¿°pI km[y-a-√. C]-Imcw Ckvem-an∂v tkh\w sNøp-hm≥ Cu Pam-AØvA\p-Kr-lo-X-cmbn hn-®-Xv, Ckvemw-a-XsØ D≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pwbYm¿∞ ssZh-hn-izm-ksØ D÷o-hn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n,

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mbn ssZhw C°m-eØv\ntbm-Kn-®-b® lZvdØv Alva-Zn¬ Ch¿ hniz-kn-°p-IbpwAt±-l-Øns‚ in£Ww aptJ\ Ch¿°v kPo-h-amb ssZh-hn-izmkw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

As√-¶n¬, tImSn-°-W-°mb apkvenw-I-fpw, Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬e£-°-W-°n\v Benw-Ifpw ]`p-°-∑mcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pwAh¿ Ckvem-an-\p-th≠n bmsXm∂pw ]h¿Øn-°m-sXbpw

tZlw-sImt≠m [\w-sImt≠m AXns\ klm-bn-°m-sXbpwCkvemw-aX ]t_m-[\w Bh-iy-am-sW∂ t_m[w-Xs∂ C√m-sXbpw Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ C°m-eØv km[p-°fpw _e-lo-\-cp-amb FXbpw sNdnb Hcp kwL-°m-cmb Alva-Znøm Pam-A-

Øn-\p-amXw C]-Imcw Ckvem-an\v tkh\w sNøp-hm\pw AXn-te°v Xß-fpsS [\-tØbpw kpJ-tØbpw _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm\pw km[n-°p-∂-X-√-Xs∂! Npcp-°-Øn¬, tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-

Øn-\p-≈Xmbn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂Xpw ]q¿∆ apkvenw-Iƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-amb Cu ]tXy-IX C∂v Alva-ZnømPam-A-Øn-\p-amXw D≈-Xmbn ImWp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp I£n Ah¿

Xs∂-bm-sW∂v kv]„-am-Ip-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, Cu tijvT-KpWw D≈-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ I£n-tbtXm Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xv. tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Cu e£-W-ap≈ Hcp-Iq- ¿ ]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂p-

IqSn \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Acpƒ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Xncp-ta\n ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-]-Im-c-amWv:


Xv, kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw k¬°¿Ωn-I-fp-am-bp≈ bYm¿∞apkvenw-Iƒ°v ssZhw Jnem-^Øv F∂ A\pKrloXÿm]\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw AXp-hgn Ah-cpsSaXsØ Ah¿°v _e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsSòXnsb AI‰n Ahsc kam-[m-\-Øn-em-°n-Øo¿°p-IbpwsNøp-sa-∂m-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v, apkvenw-I-£n-I-fn¬sh®vGsXmcp Iq´-cn¬ Jnem-^Øv \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xm-bn´v ImWp-∂pthm Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv kXy-hn-izm-khpw k¬°¿Ωhpwhcn® bYm¿∞ apkvenw-I-sf∂v Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.Fs¥-∂m¬, Jnem- Øv Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°v \¬Ip-sa-∂mWvA√mlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ Xs‚ A\p-K-l-Zm-\w-aqew ssZhw GsXmcp I£n-sb-bmWv kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw k¬°¿Ω-n-I-fp-sa∂v km£o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Ah-c-√msXtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿ a‰m-cp-am-bn-cn-°m-h-X-√.Fs¥-∂m¬ ssZhw Xs‚ ]hr-Øn-aqew bYm¿∞-ap-kvenw-I-sf∂v km£y-s∏-Sp-Ønb B Hcp I£n tam£-Øn-∂¿l-c-√m-Xm-bn-t∏mIpIbpw at‰-sX-¶n-ep-samcp I£n AXn-∂-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvI kw`m-hy-a-√.

Ckvem-an¬ Jnem-^Øv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]mXn-\n[yw hln-°p∂ ÿm\-Øn-∂m-W-s√m. Cuÿm\w Xncp-ta-\n-°p-tijw Xs‚ injy-∑m-cn¬ D≠mbn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ssZh-hmIyw taep-≤-cn-®-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. AXnse hmKvZ-Ø-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv hnip-≤-\-_n-bpsS \ncym-Wm-\-¥cw Xs‚ injy-∑m-cn¬ Jnem-^-Øp-≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS bYm¿∞-amb ÿm\w Xncp-ta\n \_nbpw dkq-ep-am-sW-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v, BkXym-flm-hns‚ bYm¿∞ ]mXn-\n-[y-am-Is´ B≤ym-fl-nIhpw[m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb Xncp-Zu-XysØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ H∂m-Ip-∂p.Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ah-Xm-tcm-t±iyw a\p-jysc k∑m¿§n-I-fm-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw Ahsc ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂-Xm-W-s√m. X∑qew Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS -b-Ym¿∞ Jeo-^-am¿ B≤ym-fln-I-XzsØ ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn\v ]Xn-\n-[nIfmbn-cn -t°-≠-XmIp∂p. AXn -\m¬ Xs∂bm-Wv

`m-KØv G‰hpw hºn® ^nXv\-tbmSv a√n-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂XvAlva-Znøm Pam-AØv Xs∂-bm-sW∂ hkvXpX Ah-cpsS aX-]-t_m-[\]hrØn-I-sf-°p-dn®v Adn-bp-∂-h-tcmSv ]tXyIw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√. Cßs\ hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\p-≈-Xmbn ]d-bp∂ KpWhpw A¥y-Im-eØv Aß-s\-bp≈ KpW-tØm-Sp-IqSn D≠m-bn-h-cp∂ Hcp ]tXyI Iq´¿°p-≈-Xmbn\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ e£-Whpw C°m-eØvAlva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬amXw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hc-pIq-´¿ Ah¿ Xs∂bmsW∂v kv]„-am-Ip-∂p.

Jeo-^-bpsS t\XrXzwFgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ c£-°¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿

GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂ as‰mcp Jp¿-B≥ hmIywCXm-Wv.

""\nß-fn¬\n∂v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw k¬°¿Ωw A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-tcmSv Ahsc Ah¿°v aptºbp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-hsc Jeo-^-am¿ (]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ) B°n-b-Xp-t]mse `qan-bn¬ Jeo-^-am-cm-°p-I-bpw, Ah¿°m-bn´p Xm≥ Xr]vXn-s∏-ń-´p≈ aXsØ Ah¿°v _e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS b-Øn-\p-tijw Ahsc kam-[m-\-Øn-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v A√mlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p; Ah¿ Ft∂mSvbmsXm-∂n-t\bpw ]¶p-tN¿°msX Fs∂-Øs∂ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-∂p-tijw B¿ \ntj-[n-°p-∂pthm Ah¿A[¿Ωn-I-fm-Ip∂p'' (24:56) Cu hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-


F∂v ]d-bp∂ Cu A\p-Klw Cs√-∂Xv Ah¿Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p∂ Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Ip-∂p. Aev]-Imew aptºhsc t]cn-\p-amXw Xp¿°n-kp¬Øms\ Ah¿ Jeo^ F∂p ]d-™p-t]m-∂n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, B Jnem-^-Øm-I-s´, kp¬Øms‚ c-W-Øn≥Io-gn-ep≈ Xs‚ ]P-I-fp-sS-ta-ep≈ cm„o-b-amb A[n-Imcw amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. A√m-sX, apkvenw-I-f-nep≈ bmsXmcpI£nbpw At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v \S-t°-≠XvXß-fpsS I¿Ø-hy-am-sW∂v [cn®v At±-lsØ A]-ImcwssIs°m-≠n-cp-∂n-√. C∂m-Is´ B \ma-amX Jnem-^ØvXs∂bpw `qap-J-Øp-\n∂v ambv°-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. AXns\ Bkp¬Øms‚ kz¥w P\-amb Xp¿°n-IƒXs∂ hen-s®-dn™pIf-bp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Cßs\ Alva-Zn-I-f-√mØ a‰p apkvenw-I-£n-I-fn-sem-∂nepw Jnem- -Øm-Ip∂ ssZhm-\p-Klw ÿnXnsNøp-∂n-√. Alva-Zn-Iƒ°m-sW-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS A\p-k-c-WsØ A¿ln-°p∂ Cam-apw, aX]chpw Bflo-b-hpamb Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ah¿°v am¿§-Z¿i\w sNøp∂ Kpcp-hp-amb Hcp Jeo-

-bp-≠v. kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw k¬°¿Ωn-I-fp-ambh¿°v \¬Ip-sa∂v A√mlp hmKvZm\w sNbvX Jnem-^Øv Cßs\ Ah-cn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv, Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B bYm¿∞ Ckvem-an-I-I£n F∂-Xn-te°vaXn-bmb Hcp sXfn-hm-Ip-∂p.

X\n-°p-tijw BZyw \p_p-∆-Øns‚ coXn-bn-ep≈ Jnem-^Øv ÿm]n-X-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse ]n¬°m-eØpw AtX-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ Jnem-^-Øp-≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂v \_n-I-cow(-k) ]h-Nn-®n-´p-≠v. Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp-∂-XmWnXv:

""\nßƒ Fs‚

\S-]-Sn-I-a-sØbpw k∑m¿§n-Ifpw am¿§-Z¿i\w e`n-®-h-cp-ambFs‚ Jeo-^-am-cpsS BN-c-W-sØbpw kzoI-cn-®p-sImƒI''

F∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSAh-Xm-tcm-t±iyw cmPy-`-cWw ÿm]n-°p-I-sb-∂-X-s√-∂n-cn-°nepw A√mlp Xncp-ta-\n°v ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ambn `c-Wm-[n-Im-chpw \¬In-bn-cn-°-bm¬, ]n∂oSv, tIhew cm„-obm-[n-Im-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb apkvenw cmPm-°-∑mcpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-sf-t∂mWw Jeo-^-am¿ F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-´p-t]m-∂p.F∂m¬, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS km£m¬ ]mXn-\n[yw cm„-kw-_-‘-a-s√-¶nepw cmPy-`-c-Whpw ]n∂oSv Xncp-ta-\n°v e`n-®n-cn-°-sIm-≠v, BZna Jeo-^-am¿ Bflo-bhpw ùX-nI-hp-am-b -c-≠p-Xcw Jnem-^Øpw D≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°p-tijw shdpw`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂ cmPm-°-∑m¿ ùXn-I-amb \ne-bn¬amXw Jeo-^-amcpw Ckvem-an¬ Bhn¿`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂- ap-P-±n-Zp-am¿ Bflob ]mXn-\n-[y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb km£m¬Jeo-^-amcpw Bbn-cp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]mXn-\n[yw hln-®p-sIm≠v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ah-Xm-tcm-t±iyw]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p∂ Jeo-^-am¿ Ckvem-an¬ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv taep-≤-cn® Bb-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬,B bYm¿∞ Jeo- -am¿°v cmPy- -cWw D≠mtb Ign-bq F∂-n√, B Jeo- -am¿ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw k¬°¿Ωn-I-fp-am-bp≈bYm¿∞ apkvenw-I-fn¬ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv]kvXpX Bb-Øp-sIm≠v hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

AXp-sIm≠v, apkvenw-I-fn-ep≈ Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n--bn¬GsXmcp Ip´-cn-emtWm Cu Jnem-^-Øp-≠m-bn-cn-°pI Ah¿Xs∂-bmWv tam£m¿l-cmb B Hcp I£n. C∂v Cu Jnem-^Øv Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-emWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-sX-∂p-≈XvF√mhcpw Adn-bp∂ Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v kXy-hn-izm-khpw k¬°¿Ωhpw hcn-® bYm¿∞ Ckvem-anIkwLhpw tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb GI I£nbpw Ah¿Xs∂-bm-Wv. CXc apkvenw-I-£n-I-fn-sem-∂nepw Jnem-^Øv


Øn-\p-tijw XpS¿∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Jnem-^Øv \p∫p-∆-Øns‚XpS¿®-bn-ep≈ Jnem-^-Øm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂p.Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \p_p∆-Øns‚ Ime-Sn-I-fn¬ Ncn-°p∂ Jnem-^Øv D≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂pw A¥y-Im-eØv akolv Ah-X-cn-°p-sa∂pw Xm≥ BZy-Ønepw akolv HSp-hn-epap≈ Hcp kap-Zmbw\in-°p-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂pw a‰pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]h-Nn-®n-´p-≈Xv CXn-te°v km£y-am-Wv. Xm≥ aqkm-\-_n°v kZr-i-\m-bn´v h∂-t]mse X\n-°p-tijw ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠n¬Xs‚ Jeo-^-bm-bn-´p-h-cp∂ alm-flmhpw ]e kwK-Xn-I-fnepwCukm-\-_n-tbmSv kmZr-iy-ap≈ Hcm-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠p-X-s∂-bmWv At±-l-Øn\v "akolv' F∂pw "C_v\p-a¿bw'F∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ Hcp I£n amXw tam£-Øn-∂¿lcpw a‰p≈ I£n-I-sf√mw \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) AcpƒsN-bvX-Xv, ssZh-Øm¬ \nbp-‡-\m-Ip∂ Hcp alm-flm-hns‚ Ah-Xm-c-Øn-\p-tijw amXw]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠p∂ H∂m-sW∂v Cu teJ-\-Øns‚ BZy-`m-K-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p-≠v. Aßs\ ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb kXym-flm-hns\ \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠-√msX kXy-a-X-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ `qcn-]-£-°m¿ \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-I-bn-√.AXp-sIm-≠v, Hcp I£n-amXw tam£-Øn-∂¿lcpw Fgp-]-Øn-c-≠p-Iq-ćpw \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]h-Nn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Ah-km-\-Im-eØv \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ alm-flm-hn¬hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-tcbpw At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-tcbpwkw_-‘n®v amX-am-bn-cn-°mt\ Xc-ap-≈q. hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´B alm-flm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv Ah-km-\-Im-eØv akolv hcp-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]h-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B ako-lns\°p-dn®pw At±-l-Øns‚ Bhn¿`mhm-\-¥cw D≠m-Ip∂Jnem-^-Øn-s\-°p-dn-®pw -X-s∂-bmWv taep-≤-cn® lZo-kns‚HSp-hn¬ ""\p_p-∆-Øns‚ coXn-bn-ep≈ Jnem- -Øp-≠m-bn-hcpw''F∂v hnip-≤-\-_n(-k) Acpƒ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xpw. BI-bm¬,kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw k¬°¿Ωn-I-fp-amb bYm¿∞ apkvenw-I-fn¬ Jnem-^Øv D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™n-

""A√mlp C—n-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew \nß-fn¬ \p_p-∆Øv \ne\n¬°pw; ]ns∂ Ah≥ AXns\ Db¿Øpw. A\-¥-cw, A√mlp C—n-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw \p_p∆-Øns‚ coXn-bn-ep≈ Jnem-^Øv \ne-\n¬°pw; ]ns∂ Ah≥ AXns\Db¿Øpw. A\-¥cw A√mlp C—n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc tkz—m-[n-]Xyw \ne-\n¬°pw. ]ns∂ Ah≥ AXns\ FSp-Øp-I-f-bp-w.A\¥cw A√mlp C—n-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw _em¬°m-c-]q¿∆-amb `cWw \ne-\n¬°pw; ]ns∂ Ah≥ AXn-t\bpw FSp-Øp-I-f-bpw. ]n∂oSv \p_p-∆-Øns‚ coXn-bn-ep≈ Jnem-^-Øp-≠m-bn-h-cpw'' (an-iv°m-Øv, InØm-_p¿cn-Jm-Jv). Cu Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬ \n∂v, Ah-km-\-Im-eØv \p_p-∆-Øns‚ hgn-bn-ep≈Jnem- Øv D≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂v kv]„-am-Ip-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈Jnem-^Øv C∂v Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬ amX-am-Wp-≈-Xv.hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ ako-lv, Xs‚ Hcp Jeo-^-bpw -]-hm-N-I-\p-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v hnip-≤-\-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) AcpƒsN-bvXn-´p≠v (X-_vdm-\n). AXn-\m¬, taep-≤-cn® lZo-kn¬ Ah-km-\-ambn \p_p-∆-Øns‚ am¿§-Øn-ep≈ Jnem-^Øv D≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv B hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ ako-lnt\bpw XpS¿∂p-≠m-Ip∂ Jnem-^-Ønt\bpw Dt±-in-®m-sW∂v \√-t]mse a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) aqkm-\-_n°v kZr-i-\m-bn-h∂ Hcp]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw Xudm-Øn¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v aptºbp-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ ""Ah¿°v aptºbp-≈-hsc Jeo-^-am-cm-°n-b-Xp-t]mse'' F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv aqkm-\-_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ D≠mb Jeo- -amsc kw_-‘n-®m-sW-∂Xv kv]„-am-Wv. Ah-cn¬ c-Wm-[n-Im-c-ap-≈-hcpw C√m-Ø-h-cp-amb Jeo-

-am¿ BK-X-cm-bn- p-≠v. aqkm-\-_n-°p-tijw ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Jeo-^-bmbn Ah-X-cn® Cukm-\-_n(A) `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-an-√mØ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p. CXn¬\n-∂v, aqkm-\-_n-bpsS kZr-i-\m-bn-´p-h∂ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-bmbn--I-fn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-°p-tijw ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ Cukm-\-_n-tbmSv kmZr-iy-ap≈ Hcp Jeo^ D≠m-Ip-sa∂pw At±-l-


ß-fnepw Ckvem-anI ]XmI Db-¿Øn-s°m≠v kXy-]-t_m-

[\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. tImSn-°-W-°n-ep≈ apkvenw-

Iƒ°v km[n-°mØ Cu ]hrØn Ch¿°v km[n-°p-∂-Xv,GsXmcp ÿm]-\w-hgn kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS aXsØ _e-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS bsØ If™p Ah¿°v kam-[m\a\x-ÿn-Xn-bp-≠m-°pIbpw sNøp-sa∂v ta¬]-d™ Jp¿-B≥

hmIy-Øn¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂pthm B Jnem-^Øv CuPam-A-Øn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

Jnem-^-Øns‚ A\p-Klw e`n-®-h-sc-°p-dn®v ]kvXpXBb-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ A√mlp ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv""Ah¿ Ft∂mSv bmsXm-∂n-t\bpw ]¶p-tN¿°msX Fs∂-Øs∂ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-XmWv'' F∂m-Ip-∂p. Cu e£-WhpwC∂v Alva-Zn-I-fn¬ Xs∂-bmWv ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-°m-Wp-∂-Xv.

Alva-Zn-Iƒ CXc apkvenw-Isf At]-£n®v IqSp-X¬ aX-\n-jvT-bp-≈-hcpw aX-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-sW∂hkvXp-X-sb, \njv]-£-_p-≤n-I-fmb CX-c-∑m¿Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂p-am-X-a-√, apkvenw-Iƒ s]mXpsh euIn-I-amb

t\´-ßƒ°pw cm„o-b-amb A[n-Im-c-e-œn°pw th≠n-amXw,kwL-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw apd-hnfn Iq´p-Ibpw sNøp∂ CuImeØv Ckvemw-a-XsØ ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw X¬kn-≤m-¥-ß-fpsS kXysØ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n hyh-ÿm]n-X-amb coXn-bn¬ ]cn-i-an-°p-∂Xv Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv amX-

am-Wv. CtX-]-Im-cw-Xs∂ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv bmsXm-∂n-t\bpw]¶p-tN¿°msX bYm¿∞- ssZh-hn-izm-ksØ ]pe¿Øp-∂-hcpw Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. inbm-˛kp-∂n-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ in¿°n-epw˛ kr„n-]q-Pm-]camb ]hr-Øn-bn-epw˛]q≠p-In-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. D¬]-Xn-jvWp-°-sf∂v ]d-bp-∂-h-cm-Is´

kµ¿`w-t]mse in¿°p-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ a‰p-≈-h-tcm-sSm∏w]¶p-sIm-≈p-Ibpw Hueym-°-∑m¿°v ]Icw Cukm-\-_n°v NnessZhn-I-Kp-W-ßƒ Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn\p hn]-coXw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. CXn-sem∂pw s]Sm-Ø-h-cm-Is´ aXhpw aX-hn-izm-khpw shdpw hnt\m-Z-sa-t∂mWw

cn-°p-∂-Xv, tam£m¿l-cmb GI Ckvem-anI I£n GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂ Hcp ]Xy£ km£y-]-X-am-Ip-∂p. Cu e£Ww C∂v Alva-Zn-øm-P-am-A-Øn¬ amXw ]q¿Øn-bmbn ImWp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv B Hcp ]tXyII£n-sb∂v hy‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿ Xm\pw Xs‚ kl-N-c-cp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-h-cm-sW∂pw Ah¿ Hcp Pam-A-Øm-bn-ń-cn-°p-sa∂pwBWs√m \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-°p-tijw injy-KWw Jeo-^-amsc Xnc-s™-SpØv Ah-cpsSJnem-^-Ø-[n-Im-c-Øn≥Io-gn¬ Pam-A-Øm-bn-ń-cp-∂-t]mseJeo-^-amsc Xnc-s™-SpØv Jnem-^-Ø-[n-Im-c-Øn≥Io-gn¬Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ C∂v temIØv Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv amX-am-sW-∂Xv ]Xy-£-amb Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wv.

taep-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ Jnem-^-Øns‚ Hcp-t±-iy-ambn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, AXp-hgn ssZhw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS aXsØ Ah¿°v _e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS `bsØ\o°n Ah¿°v kam-[m\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂-Xm-W-t√m. Ckvemw-aXw iXp-°-fpsS Bt£-]-i-c-ßƒ°ve£o- -hn-°p-Ibpw apkvenw-Iƒ AXns‚ kXysØ a‰p-≈-h¿°v]t_m-[n-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ tIhew Ai-≤-cm-bn-Øo-cp-IbpwsNbvX-Im-eØv A√mlp Alva-Znøm ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ P\-bn-Xm-hns\ Fgp-t∂-ev]n®p. At±lw Ckvem-ans‚ iXp-°-tfmSv

FXn-cn-Sp-∂-Xn\pw aX-]-t_m-[\w sNøp-∂-Xn-\pap≈ Hcp hgnshń-sØ-fn--®p. X¬ -e-am-bn, At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-N-c-kw-Lw˛FXbpw sNdnb Hcp kwL-amb Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv temI-Ønse \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cp-tSbpw apºn¬ Ckvem-ans‚kXysØ ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah¿°v kXy-]-t_m-[\wsNøp-∂-Xn\pw Ignhpw ss[cy-hp-ap -≈-h-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p.AtXmsS Ckvem-ans‚ t\¿°p≈ Bt£-]-ßƒ tI v apkvenw-Iƒ b-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Imew t]mbn-a-d-™p. C∂v CkvemanI

XØz-ßsf FXn¿°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v hna-X-ÿ¿ ]n∑m-dp∂ \ne-h∂p-Xp-Sßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Xt∂-bp-a-√, Alva-Znøm Pam-AØvXß-fpsS Cam-ans‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-


At±-lsØ Fgp-t∂¬]n-°pw). Ah≥ ]Xm-]-im-enbpw AKm-[-⁄m-\nbpw AtX'' (62:3,4) Cu Jp¿-B≥ hmIysØ, AXn\v\_n-Xn-cp -ta-\n(-k) \¬Inb hymJym-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬°qsS Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb B]tXy-I-I-£nsb Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ hntij e£-W-sa-s¥∂pw AXv apkvenw-I-fn¬ GXv I£n-°m-Wp-≈-sX∂pw a\-n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-an-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, Cu Bb-Øn¬A√mlp \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nsb Ad-_n-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ \ntbm-Kn-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-™-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v, Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS A∂vtN¿∂n-ń-√mØ as‰mcp Iq´-cnepw Xncp-ta-\nsb \ntbm-Kn-°p-sa-∂mWv ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ, Xncp-ta\n Hcn-°¬"DΩn-'I-fn¬˛ \nc-£-ccmb Ad-_n-I-fn¬˛ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse as‰m-cn-°¬, Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS A∂v tN¿∂n-ń-√mØAh-cn¬\n-∂p≈ thsdmcp Iq´-cnepw Xncp-ta\n \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v kn≤n-°p-∂p. ""Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS tN¿∂n-ń-√mØas‰mcp Iq -cnepw'' F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Xncp-ta\n°vas‰mcp \ntbmKL´w IqSn Ds≠-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. Cs√-¶n¬∏ns∂, Ah-cn¬\n∂p≈ as‰mcp Iq´-cnepwF∂ ]kvXm-h\ A¿∞-cln-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬,DΩn-I-fn¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]hm-N-Im-[n-Imcw A¥y-Im-ew-hsc XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cns°""Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS tN¿∂n-ń-√mØ as‰mcp Iq´-cnepw'' F∂v]tXy-I-s∏-SpØn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv Xncp-ta-\n°v as‰mcp\ntbm-K-L´w D≈-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v a\-n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, kz¿§-]-thiw sNbvX \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Xs∂ Hcn-°¬IqSn imco-cn-I-ambn Xncp-h-h-Xmcw sNøpIkw`m-hy-a-√-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v as‰mcp Iq -cnepw Xncp-ta\n \nbp-‡-\m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ hnh£nXw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j\pw ]q¿Æ]Xn-_nw-_-hp-ambn hcp∂ Hcpinjy-]-hm-N-Is‚ \ntbm-K-am-sW∂v a\-n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, Hcm-fpsS ]q¿Æ-\n-e-bn-ep≈ ]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn-h-cp∂ as‰m-cm-fpsS hc-hv ]Xn\n[m\w sNø-s∏´ B alm-flm-hns‚ BK-a-\-am-bn-´p-Xs∂ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.Cßs\ ]kvXpX Bb-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ \_n-Xn-cp-

IcpXn h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Wv. Ch¿ apkvenw-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬s∏-´-h-cm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Xßfpw apkvenw-I-sf∂v ]d-bp-∂p-sh-∂-

√msX Ah¿°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ckvem-ap-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. Ch-cpsS Zo\pw Cuam-\p-sa√mw euIn-It-\- hpw AXns\kw_-‘n® Nn¥bpw amX-am-Wv. Cu hkvXpX apkvenw t\Xm-°-∑mcpw hnZzm-∑mcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂Xpw Dss®-kvXcw tLmjn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Ip-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, ssZh-tØmSv bmsXm-∂n-t\bpw

]¶p-tN¿°msX Ahs\ amXw Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cm-sW∂ e£-Whpw C∂v Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv \nhr-Øn-bm-bn--°mWp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cm-b,Jnem-^-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-Ifpw Ah¿X-s∂-bm-Wv. Cu Jnem-

-Øns\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-sc-°p-dn®v "Ah¿ A[¿Ωn-I-fm-Ip∂p'

F∂v ta¬]Sn Bb-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ssZh-`-bhpw \oXn-t_m-[-hp-ap≈ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Nn¥m-hn-j-b-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

hmKvZ-Ø-\-_n-bpsS injy-kwLwFgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ tam£-]m]vXn°¿l-cmb Hcp-

Iq- ¿ GXm-sW∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂ as‰mcp Jp¿-B≥hmIywCXmWv:˛

""Ah-\sX CXn-\p-aptº ]Xy-£-amb hgn-tI-Sn-em-bn-cp∂ \nc-£-c-cpsS (A-d-_n-I-fp-sS) CS-bn¬ Ah¿°v Xs‚hN-\-ßƒ HmXn-tIƒ∏n-°p-Ibpw Ahsc ip≤o-I-cn-°p-IbpwAh¿°v hn[n-hn-e-°p-Ifpw XØz-⁄m-\hpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ahcn¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp dkq-ens\ Fgp-t∂¬]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv; (A-]-Im-cw-X-s∂) Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsStN¿∂n-ń-√mØ Ah-cn¬\n-∂p≈ as‰mcp Iq´-cnepw (A-h≥


""kXy-hn-izmkw kpd-øm-\-£-X-Øn-se-Øn-bm¬ Ch-cn¬\n-∂p≈ Nne Bfp-Iƒ As√-¶n¬ Hcmƒ AXns\ ho≠pwsIm≠p-h-cp-∂-XmWv'' (_p-Jm-cn). Cu Xncp-h-N\--Øn¬\n-∂p,Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-tØm-Sp-IqsS A∂v tN¿∂n-ń-√m-Ø-hcpw F∂m¬, Ah-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-amb Hcp Iq´¿ Cu^mcnkv hwi-Ps‚ injy-kw-L-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v \√-t]msea\-n-em-Ip-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠v, "Rm\pw Fs‚ injy-kw-LhpwD≈ \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn -sN -øp -∂-h¿' F∂v Xncp -ta\nAcpƒsNbvX ]Imcw AtX e£-W-tØm-Sp -Iq -S nbtam£m¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿, Ckvemw-a-tXm-≤m-c-W-Øn\v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\m-bn v A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-®-b-°p∂ Hcpalm-flm-hns‚ A\p-N-c-kw-L-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

Cu t]¿jy≥hwi-Ps‚ injy-KWw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsSinjy-kw-L-hp-ambn kmZr-iy-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xp-sIm≠vAt±lw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mbn Ah-X-cn-°p∂ HcpssZh-\n-bp-‡-\m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, At±-l-Øns‚ Ah-Xmcw hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ D]-tZ-ihpw kXyhn-izm-khpw temI-Øp-\n-∂p-b¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂ HcpIme-Øm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-∂p-≠v. Fs¥-∂m¬, At±lw kpdøm \£-X-Øn¬\n∂v kXy-hn-izm-ksØho≠pw-sIm-≠p-h-cp-sa-∂m-Ws√m ]h-Nn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv."kXy-hn-izmkw kpd-øm-bn-se-Øn-bm¬' F∂-Xn\p ]Icw Nne\nth-Z-\-ß-fn¬ "Jp¿-B≥ kpd-øm-bn-se-Øn-bm¬' F∂m-Wp-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Cu hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ ^mcnkv hwi-P≥ ]q¿∆-Im-eØv apkvenw-I-fn¬ h∂p-I-gn™ GsX-¶nepwCamtam aX-]-fin-Xt\m Bbn-cn-°m-h-X-√, At±lw Ckvem-ans‚ \mahpw Jp¿-Bs‚ en]n-Ifpw amXw apkvenw-I-fn¬ _m°n-bm-Ip-am-dp-≈-X-c-Øn¬ Ah¿ FXbpw Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Im-eØvssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp t]¿jy≥ hwi-P≥ Bbn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p.

ta-\n-bpsS c≠v \ntbm-K-L-´-ß-fn¬ H∂v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]pcp-j-]-c-amb BZym-K-a-\hpw at‰Xv Bflo-b-\n-e-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]q¿Æ-]-Xn-_nw-_-amb Hcp injy-]-hm-N-Is‚ BK-a-\hpw BsW∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mbn hcp∂ Cu ]pWym-flm-hns‚ injy-kwLw bP-am\ ]hm-N-I-cmb \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Ah-cpsS Hcp hn`m-Kw-X-s∂-bm-bXp-sIm-≠mWv "Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsStN¿∂n-ń -√mØ Ah-cn¬\n-∂p≈ as‰m-cp -Iq -´¿' F∂vChsc°pdn®v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Cu]Xn-]p-cp-js‚ BK-a\w Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kz¥w BK-a\wt]msebpw Ct±-l-Øns‚ injy-kwLw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSinjykwLw t]msebpw Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-amWv Cu Bb-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-sa∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmbHcp-Iq-´¿ "Rm\pw Fs‚ kl-N-ccpw D≈-\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXnsNøp-∂-h¿' BsW-∂m-Ws√m \_nXncp-ta-\n(-k) AcpƒsNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ, B Iq´¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-WsØt∏mep-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v CXn¬\n∂pw kn≤n-°p-∂p. Xncp-ta\n Xs‚ Cu ]Xn-]p-cp-js‚ injy-kw-LsØXs‚ kz¥w injy-K-WØn¬ Dƒs∏´ Hcp Iq´-cmbn´v ]cn-K-Wn®v ]d™ AtX]c-am¿∞w Xs∂-bmWv as‰mcp cq]-Øn¬]kvXpX Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw \ap°v ]d-™p-X-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

apI-fn¬]-d™ Bb-Øn¬ "\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-tØm-Sp-IqsS tN¿∂n- n-√mØ as‰mcp Iq´¿' F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw Ckvem-an-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw apkvenw-Iƒ AI-ep-Ibpw Jp¿-Bs‚ FgpØpwCkvem-ans‚ \mahpw amXw Ah-cn¬ _m°n-bm-IpIbpwsNøp∂ ImeØv Ckvem-ans\ D≤-cn-°m≥ Ah-Xo¿Æ-\m-Ip∂t]¿jy≥ hwi-P-\mb Hcp ]pWym-flm-hns‚ injy-K-WsØkqNn-∏n-®m-sW∂v \_n-h-N-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. Fs¥-∂m¬, B "as‰m-cp-Iq-´¿' GXm-sW∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSv tNmZy-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta\n mcn-kvIm-c-\mbk¬am-s‚(-d)-ta¬ ssIsh-®psIm≠v Cßs\ Acpƒ sNbvI-bp-≠m-bn.


tØm-Sp-IqsS CtX-hsc tN¿∂n-ń-√mØ as‰m-cp-Iq-´¿' F∂vtaep-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-™Xpw Ah-km-\-Im-eØv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Hcp ]Xn-]p-cp-js‚ Bhn¿`mhwaptJ\ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-Øn\v kZr-i-cmb Hcp kwLwD≠m-bn-h-cp-sa∂v a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. Cu e£Ww Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-∂-√msX apkvenw-I-£n-I-fn-sem-∂nepw Cs√-∂Xv FXbpw ]Xy-£-a-mb Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Cßs\ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿°p-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bn´v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip∂ Cu e£Ww Alva-ZnømPamA-Øn¬ amX-amWv ImWp-∂-Xv.

Ckvem-ans\ Pbn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿apkvenw-I£nIfn¬ tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb Hcp I£n°v

]tXy-I-am-bp-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ as‰mcp e£Ww Xmsg D≤-cn-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip∂ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. A√mlp ]d-bp-∂-Xm-WnXv: ""Ah-\sX Xs‚ dkq-ens\am¿§-Z¿i-\-tØmSpw kXy-a-X-tØmSpw IqsS AXns\ as‰√maX-ß-fp-tS-bpw-ta¬ hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\m-bn v Ab-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv''(61:10). Cu Bb-Øn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv, Ckvemw as‰√maX-ß-tfbpw Pbn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂m-Ip-∂pht√m. AXn\v e`n-°p∂ Cu hnPbw uXn-I-\n-e-bn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°m-h-X-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, aX-ßsf Pbn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv Aßs\ ùXn-I-ambA¿∞-Øn-em-bn-cn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ckvem-an\v hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Cu hnPbw ]am-W-ßfpwZr„m-¥-ßfpw Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-ßfpw aptJ\ D≠m-Ip∂ H∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. At∏mƒ, Cu \ne-bn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ hnP-b-Øn\v Imc-W-`q-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-h-cmtcm Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw ta∏Sn Bb-Øn¬ ]d-™-]-Imcw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsSZuXy-Øns‚ Bhiyw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h¿. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿Xs∂-bm-bn-cn -°Ww tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Iq´-cpw.A√msX Cu hnin-„-Kp-W-ap≈ Hcp-Iq-´¿ tam£-Øn-∂¿l-c-√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw Cu ]tXy-I-X-bn-√mØ at‰-sX-¶n-ep-samcp I£ntam£-Øn-∂-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøpI kw`m-hy-a-√.

F∂m¬, C∂v ]am-W-ßfpw Zr„m-¥-ß-fpw-aqew Ckvem-

Alva-Znøm PamA-Øns‚ P\-bn-Xm-hmb lZvdØv Alva-Zp¬Jm-Zn-bm-\n(-A) Xm≥ B t]¿jy≥hwi-P\pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mbn Ckvemw-a-X-]p-\-cp-÷o-h-\m¿∞wssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW∂v FXbpw i‡n-tbmsS hmZn® Bfp-am-sW∂Xv ]c-ky-am-b- Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Wv. F∂p amX-a-√, aptºbp-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏´ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS c≠v \ntbm-K-L-´-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-]p-cp-j≥ aptJ\ \nhr-Øn-bm-tI-≠p∂ B c≠m-asØ \ntbmKwXs‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øm¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂pw Xs‚injy-KWw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-K-W-tØmSv kmZr-iy-cm-sW-∂pw, At±lw hmZn-°p-Ibpw AXns\ ktcJw sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-ap-≠v. tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb HcpI£n \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-kw-L-tØmSv kmZr-iy-ap-≈-Hcp Iq-´-c-√msX Ah-cp-ambn kmZr-iy-an-√mØ a‰p h√-h-cp-am-bn-cn-°m-h-X-√-t√m. B kmZriyw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mbn hcp∂ alm-flm-hns‚ injy-kw-L-Øn¬ tNcp-I-aqew amXw kn≤n-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂m-Ip -∂p ta¬Jp¿-B≥hmIyhpw AXn\v hymJym-\-am-bn´v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k)]d™ Xncp-h-N-\hpw a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂Xv. Cu kmZriywAlva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-∂-√msX apkvenw-I-fn-ep≈ as‰mcp I£n-°p-an-s√-∂Xv Ahn-X¿°n-X-am-Wv. Cßs\, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSinjy-kw-L-tØmSv kmZr-iy-ap≈ Iq´-sc∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™p-X-∂n-cn-°p∂ Cu e£Ww Alva-Znøm kwL-Øn¬amXw\nhr-Øn-bm-bn-°m-Wp-∂-Xv, tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿ Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-sW-∂-Xn-te°v aXn-bmb Hcp sXfn-hm-Wv.Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip∂ Cu kwK-Xn-X-s∂-bmWv"Rm\pw Fs‚ kl-N-ccpw D≈ \ne-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-h¿' F∂ hm°p-sIm≠v \_nXncp-ta\n(-k) hy‡-am-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq-´¿°p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d™ Cu e£-W-Øn¬\n∂pwAh¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-kw-L-sØ-t∏mse Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS]Xn-]p-cp-j-\m-bn´v ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp alm-flm-hns‚ A\p-N-c-kw-L-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v kn≤n-°p-∂p-≠-t√m.CXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ "\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(k) bpsS kl-N-c-kw-L-


Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv Ah¿°v k¿t∆m-]cn Ckvem-ans‚tijvT-Xtbbpw al-Xz-tØbpw sXfn-bn®p ImWn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xz-Øn\pw Ahs‚ Znhy-Kp-W-ßƒ°pw hn]-co-X-hpw, hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ al-Xz-Øn\pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS D¬Ir-„-ÿ-m-\-Øn\pw wK-I-c-hp-amb h√ hnizm-khpw Cu Pam-A-Øn-\p-≈-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. Cukm-\_n XpS-ßnb Nne alm-flm-°ƒ°v ssZh-Øns‚ h√]tXyIKpW-ßfpw Ds≠-t∂m, Ah¿ Nnc-RvPo-hn-I-fmbn Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw Ccn-°p-∂p-s≠-t∂m, hnip≤Jp¿-B-\nse h√hmIyhpw Zp¿∫-e-s∏-´p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-t∂m, Jp¿-Bs‚A¿∞w aptºbp≈ hymJym-Xm-°ƒ ]d-™-h-km-\n-∏n®pt]msb-t∂m, \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Bhn¿`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSn A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-ß-fn¬ h√Xpw taen¬ temI-Øn\v e`n-°m-Ø-hÆw \„-am-bn-t∏m-sb-t∂m, B kXym-flm-hn-\p-tijwZnhy-sh-fn-]mSv B¿°pw e`y-a-s√-t∂m, Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øvhniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ hnin-„-Zmk¿°v ]q¿∆-Im-e-ß-fn¬ Inń-s°m-≠n-cp∂ F√m A\p-K-l-ßfpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp≈ A\p-k-c-Ww-aqew e`n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw ssZh-h-N-\-amb Jp¿-Bs‚hymJym-\-Øn\v Hc-dpXn \n›-bn-°m-h-X-s√∂pw AXnseHmtcm hm°pw ]am-W-am-sW∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) \ncym-X-\m-b-t]m-se-Xs∂ as‰√m ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw acn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah¿°m¿°pw ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyI KpW-ß-fn¬ bmsXmcp ]¶pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw \_n Xncp-ta-

\n(-k) ÿm]n® aX-[¿ΩsØ D≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXns‚tijvT-Xsb ]pe¿Øn°m-Wn-°p∂-Xn-\pw-th≠n ssZhw Xncp-

ta-\n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬\n∂v Imtem-Nn-X-amb \ne-bn¬alm-flm-°sf Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°p-I-b-√msX aptº h∂p Ign-™p-t]mb GsX-¶n-ep-samcp alm-flm-hn-s\-Xs∂ XncnsI Ab-

°p-I-bn-s√-∂p-amWv Alva-Zn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\Ckvem-ans‚ tijvT-X-tbbpw al-Xz-tØbpw sXfn-bn-°m≥km[n-°p-∂-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-ßƒ Cu PamAØv kzoI-

cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw AXphgn Ah¿°v Cu Dt±iyw ]q¿Øn-bm-

ans‚ kXysØ sXfn-bn®pw ssZhn-I-amb ]tXy-Im-\p-Klw

Ckvemw aptJ\ amXta kn≤n-°-bp-≈q- F∂v DZm-l-c-W-ßƒImWn®pw Ckvem-ans‚ Bflo-b-\n-e-bnep≈ D¬Ir-„-Xsbÿm]n-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv

Alva-Znøm PamAØv Xs∂bmsW∂v ]tXy-In®v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√. Ah¿ Ckvem-ans‚ kXy-tØbpw tijvT-X-tbbpwsXfnbn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ckvem-an-s∂-Xn-cm-bp≈ Bt£-]-ßsf

Jfin-°p-∂-Xn\pw hyh-ÿn-X-amb \ne-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-hcpw Ckvemw-aX ]N-mc-W-Øn-\p-th≠n ]b-Xv\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Ip-∂p. Ah-cn-ep≈ ]finX∑m¿ aX-ßsf Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-hcpw Ckvem-ans‚k¿t∆m¬Ir-„-Xsb temIØn\v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ DZyp-‡-cp-am-Ip-∂p. Cßs\ Cu Pam-AØv Hcp- m-KØv]am-W-ßfpw e£y-ßfpw aptJ\ Ckvem-ans\ hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]b-Xv\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ AtX-k-abw Ah¿as‰m-cp- m-KØv ssZh-Øns‚ hc-]-kmZw Ckvemw aptJ\ amX-amWv kn≤n-°p-∂-sX∂v Zr„m-¥-k-lnXw temI-tØmSv ]t_m-[n-®p-sIm-≠pan-cn-°p-∂p.

]am-W-ßfpw Zr„m-¥-ßfpw aptJ\ CkvemwaXsØhnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v˛ AXns‚ tijvT-Xsb ]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v ]cn-i-an-°p∂ Iq -cpsS hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßƒ Ckvem-ans‚B tijvT-Xbv°v If-¶I-c-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈-h-bm-bn-cn-°m≥]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v GXp-Iq-´-cpsS hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßƒ Ckvem-ans‚ al-Xz-Øn\v wK-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂pthm Aß-s\-bp≈h¿°v ]am-W-ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw aptJ\ Ckvem-ans‚tijvT-Xsb sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw XZzmcm AXn\v hnPbw hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw km[n-°-bn-√. X∑qew, GXv I£n-bpsS hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßƒ Ckvem-ans‚ D¬Ir-„-Xsb sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p]cym-]vX-am-Ip-∂pthm B Hcp-Iq-´¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cm-b-h¿. Fs¥-∂m¬, Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°vamXta AXns‚ hnP-bsØ ]pe¿Øp-hm≥ km[n-°-bp-≈q.Cu e£-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h¿ C°m-eØv Alva-Znøm Pam-AØvamX-am-sW-∂Xv A\n-tj-[y-amb Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Wv. Bb-


km[n-°p-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿ AXn\v apt∂m-´p-h-cm≥ AhscBlzm\w sNøp-Ibpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ CuBlzm\w kzoI-cn®v Xß-fpsS aX-Øns‚ kPo-h-Xz-tØbpwAXp-ap-tJ\ Xßƒ°v A\p-`-h-amb ssZhm-\p-K-l-tØbpwsXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v apt∂m- p-h-cm≥ bmsXmcp aX-ÿcpw ss[cy-s∏-ń-√. F∂m¬, At±lw Im¬\q-‰m-≠n-e-[n-Iw-Imew Ckvem-ans‚ kPo-h-Xz-tØbpw Bfl-i-‡n-tbbpw ]Im-in-∏n®pwXØp-ey-amb ]co-£-W-Øn\v CX-c -a-X-ÿsc Blzm\wsNbvXpw AXns‚ hnP-bsØ ]pe¿Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°-bmWvsNbvX-Xv. At±-l-Øn-\p-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ ]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mb lZvdØv Jeo- -Øp¬a-kolv c≠m-a≥ Ckvem-ans‚ CuBfl-]-`m-h-tØbpw kPo-h-Xz-sØbpw sXfnbn-°p-∂-Xn\vXm≥ k∂-≤-\m-sW∂v ]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw, a‰p h√ aX-Øn\pwC∂v A]-Im-c-ap≈ i‡n-bp-s≠-¶n¬ XZ-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ AXvsXfn-bn®p ImWn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-sc-sb√mw Blzm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ]tXy-In®v InkvXob ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mscCØcw Hcp ]co-£-W-Øn\v DZyp-‡-cm-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXn-\p-th≠ G¿∏mSv sNøp-∂-Xn\pw th≠n At±lw 1922-˛¬A∂sØ shbn¬kv cmP-Ip-am-c-\m-bn-cp∂ hn≥Uvk¿ ]`p-hn-t\mSv A`y¿∞n-°p-I-IqSn sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Cßs\ ]am-W-ßfpw bp‡n-I-fpw-sIm≠v amXa√, Znhy-Zr-„m-¥-ßƒ aptJ-\bpw Ckvem-ans‚ hnP-bsØ ]pe¿Øn°mWn°m-\p≈ IgnhvC°m-eØv Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-\mWv kn≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.Cu ku`mKyw Cu Pam-A-Øn\v Ic-K-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xp-Xs∂ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Iq-´¿ Ah-cm-sW-∂-Xn-te°v ]Xy-£-amb Hcp sXfn-hm-Wv. F√m aX-ÿcpw Ign-™-Im-esØ IY-Isf Xm¥m-ß-fpsS aX-Øns‚ tijvT-Xsbÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p km£y-ambn ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p. CXp-t]mseCXc apkvenw-I-£n-Ifpw `qX-Im-esØ Zr„m-¥-amWv sXfn-hmbn FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Alva-Znøm Pam-AØvCkvem-ans‚ tijvT-X-tbbpw kPo-h-Xz-tØbpw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p `qX-Im-esØ Zr„m-¥-ßƒ amX-a-√, h¿Ø-am-\-Im-eØv lZvdØv Alva-Zn\pw At±-l-Øns‚ DØ-a-in-jy-∑m¿°pwshfn-s∏´ Znhy-Zr-„m-¥-ßƒ IqSnbpw FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂p.

°m≥ km[n-®p-h-cp-∂XpwXs∂ tam£-]m]vXn°¿l-cmb Hcp

I£n Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-sW-∂-Xn-te°v Hcp ][m\ sXfn-hm-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, taep-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv as‰√m aX-ß-fp-sSbpwta¬ Ckvem-ans\ hnP-bn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn-\mWv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) \nbp-‡-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂m-W-t√m. Cu Dt±iyw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-ß-fmb hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßfpw XZ¿∞w hyh-ÿn-X-amb coXn-bn-ep≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Cu Pam-A-Øn¬amXw ImW-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ch¿ Xs∂-bmWv tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B]tXyI I£n F∂p kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Cßs\ Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv ]am-W-ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw aptJ\ Ckvem-ans‚ tijvTX sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]pd-sa, Ah¿°v Ckvem-ans‚ kPo-h-Xz-sØbpw Ckvemw aptJ\XZ-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v e`n-°p∂ ssZh-_-‘-sØbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn AXp-hgn Ckvem-ans‚ Bflo-b-hn-P-bsØ ]Xy-£o-I-cn-°m≥ km[n-°-pIbpw- sN-øp-∂p. ]q¿∆-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ssZh-Øns‚hnin-„-Zm-k¿°v e`n-®-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Znhy-sh-fn-]mSpw ssZssh-Iyhpw Jp¿-B-t\bpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-tbbpwA\p-k-cn-°p-I-hgn X\n°v e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p Alva-ZnømPam-A-Øns‚ P\-bn-Xm-hmb lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) hmZn-°p-Ibpw ssZhn-I-amb Cu hc-]-kmZw hgn-bm-bn´v Ckvem-ans‚kXy-tØbpw tijvT-X-tbbpw ]co-£n-®p t\m°p∂Xn\v CX-c-a-X-ÿsc £Wn°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. A√m-lp-hns‚ a[p-c-`m-j-Whpw shfn-]mSpw X\n-°p-≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw FXbpw tKm]yhpw Kl-\-hp-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ ssZhwX\n°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Øcp-∂p-s≠∂pw Xs‚ A\-h[n ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ssZhw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw A¤p-X-I-c-amb Znhy-Zr-„m-¥-ßƒ Xm≥ap-tJ\ ]Xy-£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw At±lw Dss®-kvXcw tLmjn-°p-I-bpw, Cu Znhy-]-km-Z-Øns‚ ]co-£-Wm¿∞w At±lw _“-k-am-Pw, Bcy-k-am-Pw, InkvXy¿ XpS-ßnb CX-c-a-X-ÿsc £Wn-°p-I-bpw,hna-X-ÿ¿°v CØcw Znhy AS-bm-f-ßƒ aptJ\ Xm¥m-ß-fpsS aX-Øns‚ kXy-tØbpw kPo-h-Xz-tØbpw sXfn-bn-°m≥


≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ Cu ]kvXm-h\ shdp-samcp hmZw amX-a√; AXvFXbpw ]c-am¿∞hpw F√m ImeØpw alm-flm-°ƒ°v A\p-`-h-am-bn-´p≈ Hcp kXyhpw B-Wv F∂-Xn\v C∂v Alva-Znøm]ÿm\w Hcp ]Xy£ km£y-amWv. Cßs\ a‰p≈ F√maX-ß-fp-tS-bpw-ta¬ Ckvem-ans\ hnP-bn-∏n-°p-I-sb∂ BtijvT-e-£Ww C∂v Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬ amX-amWvImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l¿ ]kvXpXe£-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu Pam-AØv Xs∂-bm-Wv.

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp Xncp-Zq-X-cm-bXp-sIm≠v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS aX-Øn\v e`n-t°-≠p∂ hnPbw ùXn-I-\n-e-bn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-bn√. F∂m¬, Cu aX-Øn\v CX-c-a-X-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ ]am-W-ßƒaq-ehpw Bflo-b-\n-e-bnepw hnPbwkn≤n-°p-tºmƒ AXv temIØv ]N-cn-®p-h-cn-Ibpw AXn\vA\p-bm-bn-Iƒ h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ AXn\v euIn-I-ambHcp ]`m-hw-IqSn e`y-am-IpIbpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. AØ-c-Øn¬]cn-]q¿Æ-amb Hcp hnPbw AXn-∂p-≠m-bn-Øo-cp -∂XvhmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ ako-lns‚ Ah-Xm-c-Øn\v tij-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v aptºbp-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬]e alm-∑mcpw ]d-™n-´p-≠v.

""Cu hnPbw Cuk-_v\p-a¿b-ans‚ BK-a-\-Im-eØv kw -hn-°p-∂-XmWv'' F∂v klm-_n-am¿ ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xmbn C_v\p-P-co¿ apX-emb X^vkodp KŸ-ß-fn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.Ckvem-an\v ]q¿Æ-amb Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnPbw e`n-°p-∂Xv Ah-km-\-Im-eØv ako-lns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øn\v tijam-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v tZymXn-∏n-°p∂ ]e \_n-h-N-\-ßfpw D≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv]kvXpX Bb-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v hymJym-Xm-°ƒ Cßs\ A`n-]m-b--s∏ń-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v hnNm-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. auem\mA_p¬Iemw BkmZv CXn-s\-°p-dn®v Cß-s\-bmWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv:

""InkvXzm–w ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-t≠m-Sp-IqSn bqtdm-]y-cpsS`c-W-ta-[m-hn-Xzhpw A[n-Im-c-]-a-Ø-Xbpw Bcw-`n-®p. A\-¥-c-kw- hw \mw I≠p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, Ckvem-ans\

Hcp aX-Øn\v kPo-h-ß-fmb Zr„m-¥-ßƒ ImWn-°m-\p≈Ignhv Cs√-¶n¬ B aXw \n¿÷o-h-am-sW-∂pw F∂m¬,Ckvemw kPo-h- a-X-am-bn-cn-°-sIm≠v AXp-ap-tJ\ F√m-Im-eØpw Znhy-Zr-„m-¥-ßƒ shfn-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p-sh∂pwhninjym C°m-eØv AXns‚ kPo-h-Xz-tØbpw Bfl-]-`m-h-tØbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vX-ß-fmb FXtbmZnhy-Zr-„m-¥-ßƒ Xm≥ap-tJ\ shfn-s∏-ń-´p-s≠∂pw lZvdØvAlva-Zv(-A) FXbpw i‡n-tbmsS hmZn-®n-´p-≠v. C∂v Ckvem-an\v amX-amWv Cu ]tXy-I-X-bp-≈-sX∂pw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw Ckvem-ans‚ Poh-i-‡nbpwsXfn-bn-°p∂ Znhy-sh-fn-]mSv Ckvem-an¬ e`y-am-sW∂pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. A√mlp Xs‚ hnin-„-Zm-k-sc-°p-dn®v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ Hcn-SØv Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:""Ah¿°v sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw ]mc-Xn-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepwkphn-tijw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv'' (10:64). as‰m-cn-SØv Jp¿-B≥Cß-s\-bmWv ]d-bp-∂Xv:˛

""Rß-fpsS c£n-Xmhv A√m-lp-hmWv F∂p ]d-bp-Ibpwÿnc-X-tbmsS AXn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cp-sS-ta¬Xo¿®-bmbpw ae-°p-Iƒ Cdßn Cßs\ ]dbpw: \nßƒ `b-s∏-Sp -Itbm ZpxJn-°p-Itbm th≠; F∂m¬ \nßƒ°vhmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ kz¿§-sØ-°p-dn®v \nßƒ kt¥m-jn-°p-hn≥; sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw ]mc-Xn-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw Rßƒ\nß-fpsS kvt\ln-X-∑m-cmWv'' (41:31-˛32). ]kvXpX Jp¿-B≥hmIy-ß-fn¬ ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ]c-a-`-‡-cmb bYm¿∞apkvenw-Iƒ°v Cl-Øn¬h-®p-Xs∂ ssZh-Øns‚ shfn-]mSpwZnhy-`m-j-Whpw e`n-°p-sa∂pw Aßs\ Ah¿°v ssZhsØkw_-‘n®v A\p-`-h-⁄m\w D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-amWv. hnip-


bm-sW-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

A\p-Kr-lo-X-hn-`mKwtam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb B ]tXyI I£n-°p-≠m-bn-cn-

t°≠ as‰mcp e£Ww, bYm¿∞ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-≈-Xmbnhnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ KpW-ßƒ B I£n-°p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. kXy-hn-i-zm-kn-I-fmb k÷-\-ßƒ°p-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ B tijvT-Kp-W-ßfpw Znhym-\p-K-l-ßfpw GsXmcp I£n-bn¬ kv]„-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂pthmXo¿®-bmbpw B Iq´¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v I£n-bn¬ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb I£n. A√m-sX, B ]tXyIKpW-ß-fp≈ Hcp I£n tam£-Øn-∂¿l-c-√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw B]tXy-I-X-Iƒ C√mØ at‰-sX-¶n-ep-samcp Iq´¿ tam£Øn∂-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøm≥ ]mSn-√. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb kpIr-Xn-Iƒ°p-≠m-Ip-sa∂v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Nne ]tXyI KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Npcp-°-Øn¬ChnsS ]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.

(F) Xs‚ hnin„ Zmk-∑m¿°p-≠m-Ip∂ A\p-K-l-sØ-°p-dn®v A√mlp hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:""Ah¿°v sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw ]mc-Xn-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepwkphn-tijw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv (10:65). ho≠pw "Rßf-psS c£n-Xmhv A√m-lp-hm-W-∂v ]d-bp-I-bpw ÿnc-X-tbmsS AXn¬Dd-®p-\n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cp-sS-ta¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw ae-°p-Iƒ Cd-ßn-s°m≠p ]-dbpw: \nßƒ `b-s∏-Sp-Itbm ZpxJn-°p-Itbm th≠, \nßƒ°v hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ kz¿§-sØ-tbm¿Øv kt¥m-jn-°p-hn≥; sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw ]mc-Xn-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw Rßƒ \nß-fpsS kvt\ln-X-∑m-cm-Wv''(41:31,32)

Cu Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ß-fn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂Xv kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]c-a-`-‡-∑m¿°v Cl-Øn¬Øs∂ ssZh-Øns‚ shfn-]mSpw Znhy- m-j-Whpw e`n-°p-sa-∂m-Wv. Cu A\p-K-l-e-œn-aqew Ah¿°v ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v A\p-`-h-⁄m-\-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\p ]pdsa AXv- A-h¿ ssZh-Øns‚ hc-]-kmZw

\in-∏n-°p-hm≥ AXns‚ sshcn-Iƒ°v CtX-hsc km[n-®n-ń-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ hmKvZm\w kXy-am-bn-cn-°p-t∂-S-tØmfwImew Ah¿°v AXn\v km[n-°p-I-bpan-√. adn-®v, Cu Ah-i-X-°p-tijw ho≠pw AXns‚ DZvK-Xn-bpsS hmKvZ-Ø-Imew hcn-Ibpw "apivcn°p-Iƒ°v A\n-„-I-csa¶nepw as‰√m aX-ß-fp-tS-bpw-ta¬ Ckvem-ans\ hnP-bn-∏n°pw' F∂ ssZhn-I-hm-KvZm\w ]q¿Øn-bm-IpIbpw sNøp-∂-XmWv'' (X-ZvInd: `m. 256).auem\m BkmZv ho≠pw ]d-bp-I-bmWv: ""\_n hN-\-ß-fn¬Ckvem-ans‚ A¥y-amb Hcp Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v ]h-Nn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. AXns‚ A\p-K-l-]q¿Æ-amb B Ahÿ BZn-a-L-´-Ønse aln-a-Isf A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw, AXns‚ÿnXn-bm-I-s´, ""Cu kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ BZy- m-Ktam AX√ Ah-km-\-`m-Ktam A[nIw tijvT-am-bn-´p-≈-sX∂v ]d-bm-h-X√'F∂ \_n-h-N-\-Øn¬ ]d-™-]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.

""kI-e-a-X-ß-fp-sSbpw PmXn-I-fp-sSbpw \Sp-hn¬ Pbn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- sX Ckvemapw AXns‚ ]hm-N-I\pw h∂n- p-≈XvF∂ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ ]Jym-]\w ]q¿Æ-amb \ne-bn¬\nhr-Øn-bm-Ip-∂Xv B A¥yL´-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw.'' (a-kv-A-esb Jnem-^-Øv, `m.11) Cß-s\, Ah-km-\-Im-eØv Ckvem-an\v kn≤n-°p-sa∂v ]d-b-s∏´ hnPbw AXn\v e`n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\v AXn-s‚ -k-Xy-tØbpw tijvT-X-tbbpw kPo-h-Xz-tØbpw ]Im-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ GI I£n Alva-ZnømPam-AØp amX-am-Wv. hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ akolv h∂v BhnP-b-Øn\v AkvXn-hmcw Dd∏n-°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-th≠n ]b-Xv\n-®ps-Im≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp Pam-A-Øns\ ÿm]n°pIbpwsNbvXp-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv B ]hrØnXpS¿∂p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿ Ckvem-anI D]-tZ-i-Øn¬\n∂v AI∂p shdpw ùXn-I-amb t\´-ßƒ°p th≠n-amXw kwL-ßƒ tNcp-Ibpw AXy-[zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Alva-Zn -øm-P-am-AØv amX-amWv Ckvem-ans‚kXysØ sXfnbn-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-anI kn≤m-¥-ßsftemIØv ]c-Øp-Ibpw sNøm≥ ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠v, tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb B Hcp Iq´¿ Ch¿ Xs∂-


as‰mcp hnin-„-Kp-W-sØ-°p-dn®v A√mlp Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:˛

""hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-c-√msX Jp¿-Bs\ kv]¿in-°p-I-bn-√; AXv k¿∆-tem-I-\m-Y-\n¬\n∂v Cd-°-s∏- -Xm-Ip∂p'' (56:80-˛81). Cu Bb-Øn¬ hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS e£-W-am-bn´p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv Ah¿°v Jp¿-B-\nse XØz-ß-fp-ambn Hcp ]tXy-I _‘w D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-Wv. hnip-≤-∑m-c-√msX Jp¿-Bs\kv]¿in-°p-I-bn-√ F∂v ChnsS ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Dt±iyw,Ah-c-√msX a‰mcpw Jp¿-Bs\ _mly-\n-e-bn¬ sXmSp-I-bn√F∂m-bn-cn-°m-h-X-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, Aßs\ ssIsIm≠vAXns\ sXmSpI B¿°pw km[y-amWv; F√m- X-c-°mcpwAXns\ A]-Imcw sXm´p-h-cp-∂p-ap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v ]kvXpXBb-Øn¬ "hnip-≤-∑m-c-√msX AXns\ kv]¿in-°p-I-bn√'F∂v ]d-™-Xns‚ Xm¬]cyw Ah¿°-√msX AXp-am-bn´v Hcp]tXy-I-X-c-Øn-ep≈ _‘w D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√ F∂m-Wv.as‰mcp ]Im-c-Øn¬ ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-amb A\p-K-l-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Jp¿-Bs‚ at\m-l-chpw Kl-\-hp-amb XØz-c-l-ky-ßfpw A\¿L-ß-fmb A¿∞-c-Xv\-ßfpw a\-n-em-°p-hm\pw AXp-hgn B hnip-≤-K-Ÿ-tØmSvHcp ]tXyI _‘-ap-s≠∂v ImWn-°m-\pw, AXns‚ amlm-fly-tØbpw tijvT-X-tbbpw sXfn-bn-°p-hm\pw km[n-°p-∂XvBfl-ip≤n ]m]n-®-h¿°p amX-am-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ X¿÷asNøphm\pw AXns‚ _mly-L-S-\sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfwAXns‚ A¿∞w hnh-cn-°phm\pw Ad-_n-]-fin-X-∑m¿s°√mwIgn-bp-sa-¶nepw, AXns‚ Znhy-Xz-sØbpw tijvT-X-tbbpwsXfn-bn°phm\pw AXn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nkvXp-ey-ß-fmbXØz-c-l-ky-ßsf hni-Zo-Icn-°phm\pw AXnse D]-tZ-im-Z¿i-ßs-f ]hr-Øn-cqt]W at\m-⁄-am-°n-°mWn°phm\pwAXns‚ amlm-fly-sØ-°p-dn®v a‰p-≈-htcmSv ]t_m-[n-°p-hm\pw F√m ImeØpw km[n-®n-´p-≈Xv Btflm¬°¿jwkn≤n® ‡-P-\-Øn\p Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v Jp¿-B-\p-ambnCØ-c-Øn-ep≈ _‘w apkvenw-I-fpsS CS-bn-ep≈ hnhn[I£n-I-fn¬- GXpIq´¿°m-Wp-≈-sX∂v \njv]£--\n-e-bn¬

e`n® kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW-∂-Xn-te°v Hcp sXfn-hmbnØocp-I-bpw-sN-øp-∂p. hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ Cu ]kvXm-h\ FXbpw]c-am¿-∞hpw F°m-eØpw alm-flm-°ƒ°v A\p- -h-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂n´p≈ Hcp kXyhp-amIp∂p. Ckm-bo-ey-cn¬ ]hmNI-∑m¿°v ]pd-sa, a‰p alm-∑m¿°pw Cu Znhym-\p-Klw e`n-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) Xs∂ AcpƒsN-bvXn-´p-≠v. Xncp-ta\n ]d-™n-cn-°-p∂-Xn-]-Im-c-am-Wv.

""\nßƒ°p-ap-tº, Ckm-bo-ey-cn¬ ssZh- m-jWw kn≤n-®-h-cmbn \_n-am-c-√mØ Bfp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂p'' (_p-Jm-cn).Cu ÿnXn-°v, \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS- A\pbmbn-I-fmb tijvT-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬ Cu A\p-Klw Hcp- Im-eØpw C√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-Im≥ ]mSn-√-X-s∂. ]q¿∆-Ime apkvenw-I-fn¬ Znhy-sh-fn-]mSvkn≤n® A\-h[n Huen-bm°fpw ssZh-]-_p-≤-∑mcpw D≠m-bn- p-s≠-∂Xv Cu A\p-Klw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v\„-am-bn-ń√∂-Xn-te°v sXfn-hm-Wv. F∂m¬, C∂p≈ hnhn[apkvenw I£n-I-fn¬ Cu A\p-Klw kn≤n-®n-´p-≈-h¿ Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv amX-am-Wv. lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) ssZh-Øm¬\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Hcp alm-flm-hm-b-Xp-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v hf-sc-b-[nIw Znhy-sh-fn-]mSv e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ H´p-h-f-sc-bm-fp-Iƒ Cu A\p-K-l-Øn\v ]mX-am-bn-´p-≠v. C∂pw Aß-s\-bp≈ A\-h-[n-t]¿ Cu P-am-A-Øn-ep-≠v. ]tXy-In-®v, lZvdØv Jeo- -Øp¬ akolv km\n(d)Cu Znhym-\p-K-l-Øn\v Akm-am-\y-amb \ne-bn¬ ]mX-am-bn-´p≈ Hcp ]pWym-flm-hm-Ip-∂p. Cßs\ ssZhw Xs‚ hnin-„-Zm-k¿°v ]tXyI \ne-bn¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xmbn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw a\-n-em-Ip∂ Cu A\p-Klw Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬ amXw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm≠vtam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp I£n Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-sW∂vhy‡-ambn a\-n-em-Ip-∂p.

(_n) kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb k÷-\-ßƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂

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ambn ]pe¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p....... XnI-®pw kZp-]-tZ-i-ambn ÿnXnsNøp-∂Xpw D]-tZ-im¿∞w Cd-ßn-bXpw \_n-Xncp-ta-\n(-k)Xs‚ ]kw-K-ß-fn¬ D]-tZ-im¿∞w D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xp-amb hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\v sh≈n-bmgvN Znh-ksØ JpXz-v_-I-fn¬t∏mepw ÿm-\-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p....... "Fs‚ssZhta! Fs‚ P\w Cu Jp¿-Bs\ X≈n-°-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p''F∂v dkq¬ ]d™p F∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-a-\p-k-cn®v \ΩpsSt]cn¬ Bh-em-Xn-bp-≠m-Ip∂ ImeØv Atlm, I„w! \ap-s°¥p kam-[m-\-amWv ]d-bm-\p-≠m-bn-cn-°pI!'' (X vko¿k-\m-bn Pn¬Zv 1, `m 82) ho≠pw At±lw ]d-bp-I-bmWv ""Jp¿-B≥ \Ωn¬\n∂v Db¿∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv. \mw tIhew Jp¿-B-\n¬ t]cn-\p-amXw hnizkn-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw kXy-ambpw lrZ-b-Øn¬ \ma-Xns\ tIhew\nmchpw \njv]-tbm-P-\-hp-amb Hcp KŸ-am-bn-´mWv Icp-Xp-∂-Xv'' (Alvse lZo-kv, 14˛6˛1912). CXc apkvenwIsf At]-£n®v Jp¿-B-\p-am-bn´p IqSp-X¬ _‘-ap-≈-h-sc∂v ]d-bp∂Alvse lZo-kp-I-£n-I-fpsS ÿnXn-Xs∂ C]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ a‰p I£n-Iƒ°v Jp¿-B-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w FX-tØm-f-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v B¿°pw \njv]-bmkw a\-n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F∂m¬, Alva-Znøm PamA-Øn¬ hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\p-am-bp-ff _‘w a‰p bmsXmcp I£n-°p-an-√m-Ø-hn[w AX ZrV-X-chpw Bflm¿∞-hp-am-bn-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂v \nw-ibw ]d-bmw.Cu Pam-A-Øns‚ P\-bn-Xm-hmb lZvdØv Alva-Zns‚ hmZw-X-s∂, apkvenw-Iƒ hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ D]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂-I∂v B ]cn-ip≤ KŸ-Øns‚ amlmflyw temI-Zr-„n-bn¬\n∂vad-™p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ ho≠pw AXns‚ XØz-ßsf ]t_m-[n-°p-hm\pw AXns‚ alm-fly-ßsf sXfn-bn-°phm\pw Xm≥\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn ssZ-h-Øm¬ \nbp-‡-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. At±lw hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ kXysØsXfnbn-°p-hm≥ ]e Zr„m-¥-ßfpw ImWn-°p-Ibpw AØcwZr„m-¥-ßƒ ImWn-°p-hm≥ CXc aX-ÿsc £Wn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p Xs‚ PohnXw \bn-®p-t]m-∂-Xv. Jp¿-

Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°p-∂-]£w AXv Alva-ZnømPam-A-Øn\v amX-am-sW∂v ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXc apkvenw-I-£n-Iƒ°v hn-ip≤Jp¿-B-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w shdpw t]cn-\p-am-X-am-sW∂vAh-cn-ep-≈- ]-fin-X-∑mcpw t\Xm-°-∑m-cp-sa√mw FXbpwhyk-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn \ne-hn-fn®p ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Ah-cp-sS-[m¿ΩnI\ne hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ D]-tZ-i-Øn¬\n∂v FXbpwhnZq-c-s∏-ń-cn-°p-amdv A[x-]-Xn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂p-am-X-a-√, Ah¿ ]mtbW Jp¿-Bs‚ ÿm\w a\pjyIr-X-ß-fmbCXc KŸ-ßƒ°v \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Ad-_n-hym-I-c-Whpw a\p-jy-cm¬ \n¿Ωn-X-amb a‰p ]pkvX-I-ßfpw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v At\Iw sIm√-ßƒ sNehv sNøp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn°pwapkvenw-]-fin-X-∑m-cn-e-[n-Ihpw! Ah¿°p CXc KŸ-ß-fp-am-bp-≈-Xns‚ Zimw-iw-t]mepw _‘w hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\p-am-bn vC√-X-s∂. CXn\v ]pdsa, Jp¿-Bs‚ XØz-ßsf ]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ Znhy-]-t_m-[-\-Øn-te°v P\-ßsf £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-\p≈ bmsXmcp G¿-∏mSpw apkvenw-I-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂pan√. Ah¿°v Jp¿-B-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w \ma-am-X-am-sW-∂-Xn-te°v ]e Zr„m-¥-ßfpw FSp-Øp-]-d-bm-sa-¶nepwssZ¿Ly-`-b-Øm¬ AXn\v Xp\n-bp-∂n-√. Npcp-°-∏-d-bp∂-Xmbm¬ Ckvem-an-s‚- \m-ahpw Jp¿-Bs‚ FgpØpw amXwtijn-°p∂ Hcp-Imew hcp-sa∂pw A∂v Jp¿-B≥ Db¿∂p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂p-ap≈ \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]h-N-\-an-°m-eØv]Xy-£cw ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m¿Xs∂ FXbpw hy‡-ambn kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Alva-Zn-ø-Øns‚ _≤ssh-cn-bmb auehn k\m-D-√mlvkmln_v Aar-X-kcn Xs‚ X^vko-dn¬ Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p: ""]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ \nIr-„ -]-hr-Øn-Ifpw Zpjn® kº-Zm-b-ßfpw apkvenw-I-fn¬ s]mXpsh _m[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-K-Ÿ-amb hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs\ Ah¿ Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm¬

A-h¿ A√m-lp-hns‚ KŸsØ ]rjvT- m-K-tØ°v X≈n-°-f-™p(3:188) F∂ ssZh-h-N\w Ah-cn¬ XnI®pw kXy-


sNøp-∂-Xn\v ]tXyI \ne-bn¬ ]b-Xv\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂Hcp-Iq- ¿ Cu Pam-A-Øp-X-s∂-bm-sW-∂p-≈Xpw Ah¿°v Bhnip-≤-K-Ÿ-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w A\ym-Zr-i-sa-∂-Xn-te°v HcpZr„m-¥-am-Wv. a‰p apkvenw I£n-I-fn-ep≈ ]finX-∑m¿apkvenw-I-tfm-Sp-Xs∂ Jp¿-B-\nse XØz-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]t_m-[n-°mØ C°m-eØv AXns‚ kXy-tØbpw al-Xz-tØbpwIpdn®v Alva-Zn-Iƒ Aapkvenw temI-tØm-Sp-t]mepw ]t_m-[n-°-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. temI-Øns‚ ]e mK-ß-fnepw ]tXy-In®pw ùXn-I-hn-⁄m-\w-sIm≠v Aew-Ir-X-amb ]m›m-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ ]te-SØpw C∂v hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ kn≤m-¥m-Z¿i-ßsf ]N-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw `mKyhpw A√mlp \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Cu Pam-A-Øn-\m-Wv.* Alva-Znøm ]Nm-c-I-∑m¿]m›m-Xy-cpsS CS-bn¬ Jp¿-Bs‚ XØz-ßsf ]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ t\¿°p≈ Bt£-]-ßƒ°v adp-]Sn sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂p. Cß-s\, Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn\v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\p-am-bp≈ ⁄m\-]-c-amb ]tXyI_‘sØ ]pe¿Øm-\p≈ mKy-Øn\v ]pd-sa, AXns‚ D]-tZ-imZ¿ißsf ]hr-Øn-]-Y-Øn¬ hcp-Øm-\p≈ IgnhpwA√mlp \¬In-bn-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Ckvem-ans‚ BZ¿i-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p∂ Hcp Pam-AØv Ch¿ Xs∂-bm-sW-∂Xv \njv]-£-_p-≤n-I-fmb ]ecpw kΩ-Xn-®n-´p≈ Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Ip-∂p. Cßs\ C°m-eØv hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\p-ambn _‘-ap-≈-h¿,Jp¿-Bs\ kv]¿in-°p-∂-h¿ Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv Xs∂-bm-Wv. C]-Im-c-Øn¬ Jp¿-Bs\ kv]¿in-°p-∂-h¿ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-sW-∂m-Ws√m hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. BI-bm¬ Hcp I£n F∂ \ne-bn¬ Jp¿-B-\p-ambnCßs\ KmV-_-‘-ap-≈-h¿ Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp I£n F∂ \ne°v hnip≤n ]m]n-®-hcpw Ah¿Xs∂-bm-sW-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-Øn-∂-h-Im-i-an-√. tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp Iq´¿ Aßs\ "hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h¿' Bbn-

Bs‚ kXy-tØbpw AXns‚ al-Xz-tØbpw sXfn-bn-®p-sIm-≠-t±lw Fgp-Xnb H∂m-asØ KŸ-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´-t]m-ep≈ sXfn-hp-Ifpw km£y-ßfpw CX-c-a-X-ÿ¿ Xß-fpsSaX-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂pw FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-Itbm AY-hm, Xm≥ImWn® sXfn-hp-Isf Jfin-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-h¿°v Xm≥]Xn-\m-bncw cq]m kΩm\w sImSp-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v At±lw]Jym-]n-®n- p-≠v. ]ns∂, aX-]-c-amb Nne ][m\ ]iv\-ßƒ°vkam-[m-\-ambn Jp¿-Bs‚ A≤ym-]-\-ßsf ASn-ÿ-m\-am°nAt±lw Fgp-Xn-bXpw emtlm-dn¬h®v \S∂ k¿∆-aX alm-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ hmbn-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb D]-\ymkw Jp¿-Bs‚k¿t∆m¬°r-„-Xsb kv]„-am-°p∂ Hcp IrXn-bm-Wv. Cu D]-\ymkw B alm-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ hnhn[ aX-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒhmbn® D]-\ym-k-ß-fn-se-√m-‰nepwh®v tijvThpw ]iw-km¿l-hp-am-bn-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂v k`m-hm-kn-I-sf√mw sFI-I-WvtTy\kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-am-Wv.* lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A) A¥yizmkwhsc Xs‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ Jp¿-Bs‚ al-XzsØ°pdn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\ At±lw Hcp- m-KØv AapkvenwtemI-tØmSv Jp¿-Bs‚ A\ym-Zr-i-amb al-Xz-tØbpwAXns‚ kXy-tØbpw Ipdn®v ]t_m-[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpwadp-`m-KØv B hnip-≤-K-Ÿ-Ønse XØz-⁄m-\-`-fimcwB¿°mWv ssZhw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v apkvenw ]fin-X-∑msc Xs‚ FXn-cn¬ hcm≥ Blzm\wsNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-Øns‚ \ncym-W-Øn-\p-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ ]Xn-]p-cp-j-∑m¿ hninjym Pam-A-Øns‚ c≠mw Jeo^ lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZvAlva-Zv(-d) a‰p-≈-hsc CØcw ]co-£-W-Øn-te°v £Wn-°p-I-bpw, hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ kXy-tØbpw al-Xz-tØbpw ]ecq]-Ønepw sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn\v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\p-ambn Hcp ]tXyI _‘-ap-s≠∂vCXbpw sIm≠p-Xs∂ a\-n-em-°m-h-p∂-Xm-Wv. CXn\p ]pdsatemIØv hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ XØz-ßsf ]N-cn-∏n-°p-IbpwAXnse kXy-ßsf a‰p-≈-h¿°v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw

* Cu D]-\ymkw Ckvem-wa-X-XØz⁄m\w F∂ t]cn¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v.

* hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ \qdv temI-`m-j-bn¬ ]cn-`mj Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn Fgp-]Xv mj-bn¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-°-gn-™n-cn--°p-∂p. Xnc-s™-SpØ Bb-Øp-Ifpw lZo-kp-Ifpw lZvdØv Alva-Zv(-A)s‚ enJnXiIe-ßfpw \qdv mj-bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn®n´p-≠v.


WsØ kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isfklm-bn°pw F∂p ]d-™n- p-≈-Xn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ B klmbw]tXy-In®pw Ah-cpsS hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßsf kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p.

Ckvem-an¬ C∂p≈ hnhn[ I£n-I-fn¬h®v A√m-lp-hns‚ Cu ]tXyI klm-b-Øn\v Ah-Im-in-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂n-

cn-°p-∂Xv Alva-Znøm Pam-AØv amX-am-Wv. a‰p I£n-Iƒ°vXß-fpsS hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßsf ]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ hyh-ÿn-X-

amb bmsXmcp G¿∏m-Sp-an√; AXv AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂t_m[hpw Ah¿°n -√. Alva -Z nøm Pam -A-Øns‚

BhiywXs∂ Ckvemw aX-]-t_m-[-\-am-Ip-∂p. Ah¿ _e-lo-\cpw \yq\-]-£-°m-cp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn a‰p-≈-h-cpsS

]e-Xcw lnwk-Iƒ°v ]mX-am-bn-cn-°p∂-h-cp-am-Wv. F∂n-´pw,Ah¿ Ckvem-an-t\bpw Xß-fpsS hnizm-km-Z¿i-ß-tfbpw ]N-

cn-∏n-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNøp∂Xv.*temI-Øns‚ \m\m- m-K-ß-fnepw Cu Pam-A-Øns‚ BZ¿i-

ßƒ kzoIm-cy-am-bn-sIm-≠p-h-cn-Ibpw Cu Pam-A-Øn¬ Bfp-Iƒ tN¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXc apkvenw-I-£n-

Iƒ Chsc \in-∏n-°-W-sa∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS Ch¿s°-Xn-cn¬]eXpw ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn´pw Cu Pam-AØv

]_-e-s∏-´p-h-cn-Ibpw Ch-cpsS BZ¿i-ßƒ ]Nm-c-s∏-Sp-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Ch¿ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ssZh-Øns‚

]tXyI klm-b-Øn\v ]mX-am-b-hcpw Xs∂-bm-sW-∂-Xn-te°vCXv \s√mcp sXfn-hm-Ip-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, ap≥I-gn™ ]hm-

N-I-∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS A\p-N-c-∑mcmb kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pwe`n® ssZh-k-lmbw CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈Xp Xs∂-bm-Wv.

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS kXy-Øn-te°v km£y-ambn A√mlphnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ Hcn-SØv C]-Imcw ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:

cn-°p-I-b-√msX Cu ]tXy-I-X-bn-√mØ at‰-sX-¶nepw HcpI£n Bbn-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√-X-s∂.

(kn) kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v e`n-°p-∂-Xmbn A√mlp ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp A\p-Klw Ah¿°v Ahs‚ ]tXyIklmbw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Ah¿ Xß-fpsS Dt±-iy-Øn¬hnP-bn-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂pap≈XmWv. A√mlp hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xm-WnXv:

Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw \ΩpsS ]hm-N-I-∑m-tcbpw hniz-kn®Iq´-tcbpw sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw km£n-Iƒ \n¬°p∂\mfnepw (\ym-b-hn-kvXm-c-\m-fn-epw) klm-bn-°p-∂-XmWv'' (40:52)Cu hmIy-Øn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv, ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°pw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw Cl-Øn¬h-®p-Xs∂ ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyIklmbw e`n-°p-sa-∂m-W-t√m. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Cue£Ww C°m-eØv apkvenw-I-£n-I-fn¬h®v GsXmcp I£n-bn¬ kv]„-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂pthm Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pwtam£-Øn-∂¿l-cmb Iq´¿. A√msX ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyIklm-bw-sIm≠v kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-sf∂v sXfn-bp∂ Hcp-Iq-´¿tam£-Øn-∂¿l-c-√m-Xm-IpIbpw Cu e£-W-an-√mØ at‰-sX-¶n-ep-samcp I£n tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøpIkw`m-hy-a-√. Chn-sS, ssZh-k-lm-bw F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ùXn-I-amb \ne-bn-ep≈ h√ t\´-tØtbm `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-tØtbm kw_-‘n-®mbn-cn -°m≥ ]mSn -√. Fs¥-∂m¬,temIØv h∂p-I-gn™ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ A[n-Iw-t]cpw cm„o-bm-[n-Im-c-sam-∂p-an-√msX Ffn-b-\n-e-bn¬ PohnXw \bn-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈ Nne ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v `c-Wm-[n-Imcw ssIh-∂-Xp-Xs∂ GXm\pw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ Ign-™-Xn-\p-ti-j-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Ah-Xm-tcm-t±iyw kZv[¿Ωhpw kXy-hn-izm-khpw temIØv ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw Ah-sb ]N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-am-W-s√m. AXp-sIm≠vAh¿°v e`n-°p∂ klmbw Ah-cpsS B Dt±-iy-\n¿∆-l-

* 24 aWn-°qdpw temI-am-k-Iew e`n-°p∂ hn[Øn¬ c≠v apkvenw Nm\-ep-Iƒ 1994 apX¬ "apkvenw sSen-hn-j≥ Alva-Znø' F∂ t]cn¬ Ckvem-anI]t_m-[\w \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ 23.3.07 apX¬ "A¬-A-d-_nø' F∂t]cn¬ Hcd_n-Iv Nm\epw ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ XpS-ßn-bn- p-≠v.


""apl-ΩZv A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-\mWv; At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS-bp-≈-h¿ Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ ZrV-Nn-Øcpw Ah¿At\ym\yw I\n-hp-≈-hcpw BIp∂p; \o Ahsc ssZh-Øn\vhW-ßp-∂-hcpw km„mwKw ]W-an-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn v ImWp-∂p......CXmWv Xudm-Øn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS DZm-l-c-Ww. C©o-en¬Ah¿°p≈ DZm-l-c-W-am-Is´ Hcp Irjn-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ip∂p; AXv apf-®p-s]m¥n i‡n-]m-]n-®p, ]p„n-s∏´v kz¥wX≠n-t∑¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v I¿j-I-∑msc B\-µn-∏n-°p∂p''(48:30). Cu hmIy-Øn¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS kXy-Øn\vkm£y-ambn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-N-c-∑m¿iXp-°-fpsS `b-¶-c-amb FXn¿∏p-Ifpw lnwk-Ifpw hI-sh-°mØ hn[-Ønepw Ah-cn-ep≈ tZmj-ßfpw Zp¿Kp-W-ßfpwXßsf _m[n-°m-Ø-X-c-Ønepw at\m-Zm¿Vy-ap-≈hcpw,At\ym\yw k¬Kp-W-ßsf ]I¿°p-Ibpw ]c-kv]cw kl-Xm]w ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-amdv arZp-e-lr-Z-bcpw BsW-∂m-Ip-∂p. X-ncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ CØcw Hcp ]cn-h¿Ø\w D≠m-bn-Øo¿∂Xv B ]pWym-flm-hns‚ kXy-Øn-te°v Xo¿®-bmbpw henb Hcp sXfn-hp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. XpS¿∂vAh-cpsS a‰p Nne KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-™n v ]kvXp-X-hmIywAh-km-\-ambn hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Ah-cpsS \ne hfsc _e-lo-\-amb Xc-Øn¬ Bcw-`n®v Ia-Øn¬ hf¿∂v i‡n-s∏-´p-h-cp∂ Hcp Irjn-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-bm-sW-∂m-Ip-∂p. iXp-°-fpsS`b-¶-c-amb FXn¿∏p-Ifpw Xßsf D∑q-e\w sNøp-hm-\p≈Ah-cpsS òI-c-]-hrØ-n-Ifpw D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂n´pw BkXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ ItaW i‡n-s∏-´p-h-cn-Ibpw FÆ-Øn¬h¿≤n-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. CXv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS

kXy-Øn\v Hcp-Øa Zr„m-¥-am-Wv. ]kvXpX Bb-Øn¬]d™ KpW-ßƒ C°m-eØv FXbpw kv]„-ambn ImWp-∂Xv apkvenw-I-fn¬h®v Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ah¿ iXp-°-fpsS lnwk-I-sfm∂pw hI-sh-°msXkXysØ apdpsI∏nSn®v Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿i-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-IbpwAt\ym\yw kulm¿±-tØmSpw sFIy-`m-h-tØmSpwIqsSh¿Øn-°p-Ibpw ItaW h¿≤n®v i‡n-s∏-´p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C©o-en¬ DZm-l-c-W-am-bn v ]d™ e£Ww ]tXy-In®pwC°m-eØv Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-emWv ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-km-\-ambn ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ B e£Ww A¥y-Im-eØv hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ ako-lns‚ BK-a-\-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠-Xm-sW∂ Hcp kqN-\bpw AXn¬ A¥¿`-hn-®n-´p-≠v.AXp-]-Im-cw-Xs∂ Alva-Zn-Iƒ ItaW h¿≤n®v i‡n-s∏- p-sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb Hcp-Iq- ¿°p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v lZo-kn¬\n∂pw Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw a\-n-em-Ip∂ e£W-ß-sf√mw C∂v \nhr-Øn-bm-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn¬ am-X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v, Ah-km-\-Im-eØvHcp I£n-amXw tam£-Øn-∂¿l-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ B Hcp-Iq-´¿ Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Ø-√msX as‰mcp I£n-bp-a-√-X-s∂. apI-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏´ ]Øv e£-W-ß-tfm-tcm-∂n-t\bpw Ipdn®v \njv]-£-amb\ne-bn¬ Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°p∂ kXym-t\z-jnIƒ°v Cu hmkvXhwa\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

AXp-sIm≠v, Cu Pam-A-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ \ne-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n®v kXyw Kln-°p-Ibpw Cu Pam-A-Øn¬ tNcp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Hmtcm apkvenan-t‚bpw IS-a-bm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. AXn¬ tNcp∂ Hmtcm bYm¿∞ Alva-ZnbpwCkvem-ans\ tZlw-sIm≠pw [\w-sIm≠pw tkhn-°p∂ Hcp`S-\m-bn- amdp-∂p. Abmƒ, ]cn-ip≤ Ckvem-ans\ ]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Aim¥w ]cn-i-an-°p∂ GI CkvemanI Pam-A-ØnseHcw-K-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aß-s\, Alva-Znøm Pam-


A-Øn¬ tNcp-I-aqew Hcmƒ tam£-]m-]vXn-°¿l-cmb BI£n-bn¬ tNcp-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ Ckvemw-aX ]Nm-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n XymKw sNøp-hm-\p≈ `mKyhpw Abmƒ°v kwkn-≤-am-Ip-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jy-Ipew BI-am\w Ckvemw-a-XsØ Bt«-jn-°-W-sa∂v BK-ln-°p-∂-h¿ Cu Pam-A-Øn¬tN¿∂p-sIm-≈s´! F∂m¬, Ckvem-ans‚ ]p\-cp-Z-bsØ°pdn-®p≈ ]h-N-\-ßƒ Xma-kw-hn\m ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-Ibpw Ckvemw]p\cp÷o-hn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Ipw. Cu mKyw F√mapkvenw-Iƒ°pw A√mlp \¬Ip-am-dm-I-s´!

About this Book

This book entitled ‘Moksharhamaya Jama-ath’ or‘The Heavenly Islamic Sect’ was written by Moulana

Abdullah Sahib H.A., Chief Ahmadiyya Missionary forSouth India and Sreelanka. It was originally written as

an article which was serialized in the SathyadoothanMagazine . This is the VIth edition of the book.

Holy Prophet had predicted that the Muslim Com-munity would be splitted in 73 sects and only oneamong them would be entitled for salvation. He had

also listed some signs of this heavenly sect. The eru-dite author argues that the Ahmadiyya Jama-ath

headed by a Khalifa is that par ticular sect prophesiedby Holy Prophet (S) and that all the signs have been

fulfilled in this Jama- ath.

Documents

tam£m¿l-amb Pam-AØv€¦ · Islam Inter national Pub lications , Ker ala For t Road, Kann ur- 670 001. First Edition : 1951 Second Edition : 1967 Third Edition : 1982 Four th Edition