Tavi 1 - TSU Learn · Web viewganmarteT: _ uwyveti cvladi, diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladi, ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi, realuri qveda zRvari, realuri zeda zRvari. gaarkvieT, qvemoT CamoTvlili

Tavi II. mecnieruli kvleva

ra aris mecnierebamecnieruli kvlevis kiTxvebikvlevis meTodebioperaciuli gansazRvrebebi

gazomvagazomvis skalebiTvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebidiskretuli (wyvetili) da uwyveti cvladebi

თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა

statistikuri meTodebi aTaswleulebis manZilze viTardeboda praqtikuli problemebis gadasaWrelad. sityva „statistika“ laTinuri status-idan anu sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobidan (State) momdinareobs; statistikis adreuli gamoyeneba saxelmwifos Tu imperiis Sesaxeb codnis miRebas isaxavda miznad. romaeli imperatorebi yovelTvis awarmoebdnen axali dapyrobili teritoriebis aRweras. aRweriT miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, romelic warmoadgenda mosaxleobisa da maT mflobelobaSi arsebuli sakuTrebis statistikas, wesdeboda gadasaxadebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom statistika am miznisTvis dResac gamoiyeneba, misi farglebi gafarTovda da moicavs meTodebs, romlebic mowodebulia adamianebisa da cxovelebis qcevis SeswavlisTvis.

ra aris mecnierebamecniereba codnis SeZenis saSualebaa, romelic kiTxvis dasmas, am kiTxvaze

savaraudo pasuxis gacemas kvlevis hipoTezis formiT, hipoTezis empiriulad SemowmebisTvis kvlevis sqemis Camoyalibebas, monacemebis Segrovebas, monacemTa analizs da monacemTa analizze dayrdnobiT hipoTezis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamotanas moicavs.

mecnieruli kvlevis kiTxvebi

mecnieruli kiTxva empiriuli monacemebis mogrovebis gziT pasuxis miRebis saSualebas iZleva. sityva „empiriuli“ sensorul gamocdilebas an dakvirvebas gulisxmobs. amrigad, empiruli

monacemebi aris sistematur dakvirvebasa da sensorul gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli gazomvis Sedegad miRebuli qulebi. I TavSi ganxiluli TiToeuli magaliTi mecnierul kiTxvebs efuZneboda da empiriuli monacemebis mogrovebis gziT pasuxis miRebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda.

dasmul kiTxvaze eqsperimenti xSirad savaraudo pasuxs kvlevis hipoTezis saxiT gvTavazobs. I TavSi kvlevis hipoTeza ganvsazRvreT, rogorc debuleba or an met cvlads Soris mosalodneli an savaraudo kavSiris Sesaxeb. uoletma da ioSim (Ouellet and Joshi, 1986) gamoTqves hipoTeza, rom martooba da depresia urTierTdakavSirebuli maxasiaTeblebia. vinaidan kvlevis hipoTezaSi mocemulia cvladebi da miTiTebulia maT Soris mosalodneli kavSiris ragvaroba, is mimarTulebas aZlevs mkvlevars kvlevis sqemis SerCevisas da monacemTa mogrovebisas.

mecnieruli kvlevis kiTxvebi

kvlevis hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad empiriuli monacmebis mogroveba saWiroebs kvlevis meTods. kvlevis meTodi aris midgoma, romelsac

mecnieri iyenebs monacemTa mosagroveblad. bihevioristul mecnierebebSi mravali

empiriuli monacemebi (Empirical data): _ dakvirvebasa da sensorul gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli gazomvis Sedegad miRebuli qulebi.

kvlevis meTodi (Research method): _ midgoma monacemebis mogrovebisadmi.

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meTodi gamoiyeneba. aq ZiriTadi meTodebidan mokled mimovixilavT mxolod oTxs. TiToeulis SemTxvevaSi mogrovili monacemebis sistematizaciisa da analizisTvis gamoiyeneba statistika.

bunebrivi dakvirvebabunebrivi dakvirveba gulisxmobs bunebriv

pirobebSi ganxorcielebul qcevebze, situaciaSi Carevis gareSe, dakvirvebas. bunebrivi dakvirvebis magaliTad SeiZleba movitanoT trinkosis (Trinkaus, 1982, 1983, 1988,

1993) kvleva, romelic 10 wlis manZilze sistematurad akvirdeboda mZRolebis qcevas erT gzajvaredinze. erT-erTi misi aRmoCenaa, rom dakvirvebis periodSi Semcirda SuqniSnis wiTel Suqze damorCileba. am dakvirvebisas eqsperimentatori praqtikulad ar ereoda procesSi; mZRolebma arc ki icodnen, rom vinme akvirdeboda wiTeli Suqisadmi maT damorCilebas. maT rom scodnodaT amis Sesaxeb, mosalodneli iqneboda maTi qcevis Secvla.

saarqivo Canawerebisaarqivo Canawerebi gulisxmobs kiTxvebze

pasuxis gacemas arsebuli Canawerebis gamoyenebiT. sazogadoebebSi, rogorc wesi, grovdeba mravalferovani informacia maTi wevrebis

Sesaxeb: _ dabadebis, qorwinebisa da gardacvalebis Canawerebi; kriminaluri angariSebi, mosaxleobis aRweris Canawerebi da a.S. es arsebuli Canawerebi SeiZleba mecnierul kiTxvaze pasuxisTvis saWiro monacemebs iZleodnen. magaliTad, londonelma maRaziis mflobelma jon grantma (John Grant, 1620-1674) mamakacebisa da qalebis sikvdili mizezebSi gansxvavebebis dasadgenad dabadebisa da gardacvalebis Canawerebi gamoiyena. uaxloes warsulSi zusne (Zusne, 1986-87) dainteresebuli iyo Semdegi sakiTxiT: _ SeuZliaT Tu ara sikvdilis piras myof individebs sikvdilis gadavadeba. man Seiswavla 3000-ze meti adamianis dabadebisa da gardacvalebis Canawerebi, romelic aCvenebda, rom es SesaZlebelia, Tumca, is gansxvavdeba qalebTan da mamakacebTan.

meore magaliTi: tomsonma (Thomson, 1993) gaaanaliza aSS-is janmrTelobis statistikis nacionaluri centris monacemebi mkvlelobaTa sixSiris Sesaxeb. am kvlevam aCvena, rom mkvlelobaTa ricxvi yvelaze metia kolumbiis olqSi; aq gardacvalebis yoveli 1000 SemTxvevidan daaxloebiT 39 SemTxveva mkvlelobaa. es ricxvi yvelaze naklebia aiovaSi, sadac 1000 SemTxvevidan mxolod 2 mkvlelobaa.

gamokiTxvagamokiTxva gulisxmobs monacemebis

miRebas adamianebis zepiri an werilobiTi

bunebrivi dakvirveba (Naturalistic

observation): _ kvleva, romelic gulisxmobs bunebriv pirobebSi ganxorcielebul qcevebze dakvirvebas.

saarqivo Canawerebi (Archival

recodrs): _ kvleva, romelSic gamoiyeneba arsebuli Canawerebi.

gamokiTxva (Survey research): _ kvleva, romelSic monacemebi adamianebis zepiri an werilobiTi interviuebiT miiReba.

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interviuebiT miiReba. gamokiTxva farTod aris gavrcelebuli sazogadoebaSi. Tu Tqven erTxel mainc SegivsiaT restoranSi baraTi, romelSic mocemuli iyo kiTxvebi sakvebisa Tu momsaxurebis xarisxis Sesaxeb an Tu erTxel mainc SegivsiaT produqtis sagarantio furceli, sadac mocemuli iyo kiTxvebi Tqveni Semosavlis, ojaxuri mdgomareobisa da hobis Sesaxeb, Tqven monawileoba migiRiaT gamokiTxvaSi. gamokiTxvis kidev erTi cnobili magaliTia arCevnebze xmis micemis procedura.

eqsperimentieqsperimenti aris zedmiwevniT

gakontrolebuli situacia, sadac mecnieri axdens erTi an meti damoukidebeli cvladis manipulirebas da akvirdeba, Tu ra gavlenas axdens es damokidebul cvladze. magaliTad,

harisma da blaiserma (1997, ix. gv. XX) operacionalurad gansazRvres mnemonikuri teqnika, rogorc cdis pirebisTvis sityvis da misi Sesatyvisi riTmis mqone ricxvebis Sewyvilebis swavlebaa. Amis mixedviT, „erTi aris merxi, ori aris doli, sami aris skami, oTxi _ noxi, xuTi _ yuTi, eqvsi _ nemsi, Svidi _ nivTi, rva _ Tma, cxra _ ca, aTi _ Tafli“. amrigad, Tu sxva mecnieri moisurvebs am kvlevis gagrZelebas, mas ukve ecodineba, Tu rogor gansazRvres harisma da blaiserma mnemonikuri teqnika.

operaciuli gansazRvrebebi

sxvadasxva kvlevis sqemebis gamoyenebiT miRebuli mecnieruli codna ganmeorebadi unda iyos da mis Sesaxeb unda Tanxmdebodnen sxvadasxva damkvirveblebi. mecnieruli codna qcevis Sesaxeb maSin iZens

Zalas da xdeba yvelasTvis misaRebi, rodesac sxva mecnierebs SeuZliaT am qcevis gameoreba sxvadasxva monawileebTan sxvadasxva garemoSi da sxvadasxva adgilze. codna rom mecnieruli gaxdes, srulad unda iyos cnobili masTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi da Sedegebi ise, rom sxvas SeeZlos Sedegebis gameoreba, gakritikeba da gavrcoba. kvlevis Sesaxeb informaciis gadacemis procesSi gadamwyveti nabijia im operaciebis zustad gansazRvra, romelic gamoyenebul iqna dakvirvebis, damoukidebeli cvladebiT manipulirebisa Tu damokidebuli cvladis gazomvis dros. am process mecnierebi kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli procedurebis operaciulad gansazRvras uwodeben. erT-erT kvlevaSi uoletma da ioSim operaciulad gansazRvres martooba, rogorc martoobis skalaze cdis piris mier miRebuli qula (Russell, Peplau & Cutrona, 1980). amrigad, Tu romelime mecniers moesurveba am kvlevis gagrZeleba, man unda icodes, Tu rogor gazomes martooba uoletma da ioSim.

SeamowmeT Tqveni codna II.1

eqsperimenti (Experiment): _ zedmiwevniT gakontrolebuli situacia, sadac mecnieri axdens erTi an meti damoukidebeli cvladis manipulirebas da akvirdeba, Tu ra gavlenas axdens es damokidebul cvladze.

operaciuli gansazRvreba (Operational

definition): _ dakvirvebisas, damoukidebeli cvladiT manipulirebisas an damokidebuli cvladis gazomvisas gamoyenebuli operaciebis detaluri aRwera.

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1. ganmarteT: _ saarqivo Canawerebi, empiriuli monacemebi, eqsperimenti, bunebrivi dakvirveba, operaciuli gansazRvreba, kvlevis meTodi, kvlevis hipoTeza, gamokiTxva.

2. qvemoT mocemuli TiToeuli kiTxvisTvis daasaxeleT kvlevis meTodi, romelic, Tqveni azriT, unda gamoiyenon masze pasuxis gasacemad.

a) ras fiqrobs mocemuli dasaxlebuli punqtis mosaxleoba dasaxlebis teritoriaze narCenebis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnis funqcionirebis Sesaxeb, romelmac SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas maT janmrTelobas?

b)rogor Seicvleba cdis pirebis damokidebuleba imis mixedviT, Tu ra tipis _ SiSis gamomwvev Tu informacis matarebel _ Setyobinebas gadavcemT?

g) saSualod ra asakSi uCndebaT arizonel mamakacebs pirveli Svili?d) ramdenad xSirad TamaSoben 4 wlis bavSvebi sami bavSvisgan Semdgar

jgufebSi sabavSvo baRebSi?

gazomva

mecnierul kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa gazomva. gazomva aris garkveuli wesebis mixedviT cvladebisTvis

ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis miniWebis procesi. rogorc wesi, gazomvis Sedegi miekuTvneba oTxidan erT-erT skalas. es skalebia: _ saxeldebis, rigis, intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi.

gazomvis skalebi

saxeldebis skalasaxeldebis skala aris gazomili cvladis

sxvadasxva kategoriebSi gaerTianeba. magaliTad, iseTi cvladi rogoricaa individis

eTnikuri warmomavloba, saxeldebis skalaze izomeba; am cvladis mixedviT aSS-Si mcxovrebi adamianebi SeiZleba gavaerTianoT kategoriebSi: _ aborigeni, azieli amerikeli, afroamerikeli, TeTrkaniani an espanuri warmoSobis amerikeli da Semdeg TiToeul kategorias mivaniWoT pirobiTi nomeri (aqedan momdinareobs dasaxeleba saxeldebis, romelic niSnavs „saxelis darqmevas“), magaliTad, 1 = aborigeni, 2 = azieli amerikeli, 3 = afroamerikeli, 4 = TeTrkaniani, 5 = espaneli warmoSobis amerikeli. erTsa da imave kategoriaSi gaerTianebul yovel individs mieniWeba erTi da igive nomeri. cxadia, es nomeri ar aris ricxobrivi mniSvnelobis matarebeli; igive warmatebiT kategoriebis aRsaniSnad cifrebis nacvlad SesaZlebelia asoebis gamoyeneba. bihevioristuli mecnierebis mravali warmomadgeneli saxeldebis skalas ar miiCnevs realur sazomad, radgan kategoriebisTvis miniWebuli ricxvebi mxolod identifikaciis funqcias asruleben; isini ar iZlevian raodenobriv informacias gazomili cvladis Sesaxeb.

gazomva (Measurement): _ garkveuli wesebis mixedviT cvladebisTvis ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis miniWeba.

saxeldebis skala (Nominal measurement): _ gazomili cvladis sxvadasxva kategoriebSi gaerTianeba.

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rigis skalarodesac cvladis sidide

mniSvnelobebis mixedviT aris dalagebuli skalaze, es niSnavs, rom gamoyenebulia

rigis skala. magaliTad, adamianebs SeiZleba vTxovoT multiplikaciuri filmis seriebis dalageba skalaze ufro sasacilodan naklebad sasacilomde. xSirad ricxviTi mniSvneloba 1 eniWeba stimuls an individs, romelsac gasazomi maxasiaTebeli yvelaze didi odenobiT aqvs, mniSvneloba 2 _ im stimuls an individs, romelsac aReniSneba mocemuli maxasiaTeblis Semdegi yvelaze didi odenoba da a.S. magaliTad, Tu SfoTva rigis skalaze izomeba, individs, romelic yvelaze met SfoTvas avlens, mieniWeba 1; individs, romelic avlens Semdeg yvelaze met SfoTvas, eniWeba 2, Semdegs _ 3 da a.S. ase dalagdebian individebi ufro mSfoTvaredan naklebad mSfoTvaremde.

rigis skala, faqtobrivad, ranJirebas axdens, sadac viRaca an raRaca, romelsac mieniWa rangi 1, ufro metad xasiaTdeba mocemuli cvladiT, vidre is, visac mieniWa rangi 2; Tumca, rigis skala ar iZleva imis gansazRvris saSualebas, Tu ramdenad gansxvavebulia gazomili cvladi rangebs Soris. gazomili cvladis mixedviT SeiZleba mciredi gansxvaveba iyos 1 da 2 rangebs Soris, magram es gansxvaveba SeiZleba gacilebiT didi iyos 2 da 3 rangebs Soris. magaliTad, maraTonSi monawile pirveli sami morbenalis dro SeiZleba iyos 3 sT da 19 wT, 3 sT da 20 wT da 3 sT da 36 sT, Sesabamisad. finiSze am morbenalTa rangebi iqneba 1, 2 da 3; Tumca, droSi gansxvaveba pirvel da meore morbenals Soris iqneba 1 wT maSin, roca meore da mesame morbenals Soris gansxvaveba 16 wT-s Seadgens.

rigis skala ar aCvenebs gazomili cvladis sidides; is iZleva informacias mxolod am cvladis mixedviT individebis Tu sagnebis Tanmimdevrobis (rigis) Sesaxeb. ver vityviT, rom rangi 1 aucileblad ukavSirdeba gazomili cvladis met odenobas; verc imas vityviT, rom umciresi rangis mqone individs an sagans yvelaze naklebad axasiaTebs gazomili maxasiaTebeli. individma, romelsac moeTxoveboda multiplikaciuri filmis seriebis dalageba ufro sasacilodan naklebad sasacilomde, SeiZleba verc erTi maTgani ver aRiqvas sasacilod; amasTan, am individis mier multiplikaciuri filmisTvis miniWebuli rangi 1 imave informaciis matarebelia, romelic gaaCnia rangs 1, romelic mianiWa individma, romelmac yvela seria Zalze sasacilod aRiqva. miuxedavad damaxasiaTebeli naklovanebebisa, rigis skala pirveli nabijia ufro zusti sazomebis ganviTarebisken. magaliTad, autizmi ganviTarebis darRvevaa, romelic gavlenas axdens bavSvis metyvelebis ganviTarebaze, azrovnebis procesze da socialur da fizikur gamRizianeblebze reagirebis unarze. naklebad aris nakvlevi, Tu rogor SeiZleba gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan autizmis diagnozis mqone bavSvebi. am mimarTulebiT pirveli nabiji iyo bavSvis mier ganxorcielebeuli autisturi qcevis xarisxis sazomi rigis skala, romelic dihofma, heznekerma brosviCma, karpenterma da hofmanma (Dihoff, Hetznecker, Brosvic,

Carpenter & Hoffman, 1993) Seqmnes. am skalaze izomeba qcevis eqvsi komponenti: _

rigis skala (Ordinal measurement): _ skalaze cvladis sidide dalagebulia mniSvnelobebis mixedviT.

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metyvelebis unari, garemoze reagirebis unari, socialur gamRizianeblebze reagirebis unari, fizikur gamRizianeblebze reagirebis unari, masalebis gamoyenebisadmi adaptaciis unari da kognituri funqcionireba. TiToeuli komponentis farglebSi gamoiyo funqcionirebis xuTi done. es doneebi rigis skalaze gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan da dalagebulia funqcionirebis umdablesi donidan umaRles donemde. magaliTad, metyvelebis ganviTarebis komponentis farglebSi es doneebia:

araferi Jestebi komunikaciis survili komunikaciis survili da sityvebi sxva mimarTuli komunikacia

Jestebi miuTiTeben ufro metad ganviTarebul metyvelebaze, vidre metyvelebis saerTod ganuviTarebloba, komunikaciis survili da sityvebi ki _ ufro metad ganviTarebul metyvelebaze, vidre mxolod Jestebi, magram Cven ar viciT, ramdenad didia gansxvaveba kategoriebs Soris; amitom es rigis skalaa.


1. ganmarteT: _ skala, saxeldebis skala, rigis skala.2. CamoTvaleT gazomvis oTxi skala.3. ra nakli aqvs saxeldebis skalas?4. ra informacias gvawvdis individisTvis miniWebuli rangi 2 miRwevis

motivaciis skalaze?5. depresiisken midrekilebis sklaze (Zlierad midrekilidan naklebad

midrekilisken) 13 individisgan Semdgar jgufSi jenifers mieniWa rangi 1, debis _ 2, anas _ 12 da martis _ 13.

a)axseniT, ratom ver daaskvniT, rom jeniferi midrekilia depresiisken da rom marti _ saerTod ara.

b)SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom depresiisken midrekilebiT jeniferi da debi iseve gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, rogorc ana da marti? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.

intervalebis skala

Tu dakmayofilebulia rigis skalis moTxovnebi da, amasTan miniWebul ricxvebs Soris gansxvaveba asaxavs cvladis mniSnelobebs Soris igive sididis sxvaobas, maSin saqme gvaqvs intervalebis skalasTan, Tumca,

intervalTa skalas ar aqvs absoluturi nuli, sadac saerTod ar iqneba mocemuli gasazomi

intervalebis skala (Interval measurement): _ cvladis mniSvnelobebi dalagebulia skalaze da miniWebul ricxvebs Soris gansxvaveba asaxavs cvladis mniSnelobebs Soris erTi da igive sididis sxvaobas. intervalTa skalaze nuli pirobiTad sawyisi wertilia.

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cvladi. intervalTa skalaze nulovani mniSvneloba pirobiTad aris arCeuli sawyis wertilad. is SeiZleba Canacvldes nebismieri sxva mniSvnelobiT da am mniSvnelobidan daviwyoT aTvla.

intervalebis skalis magaliTebia farenhaitisa da celsiusis temperaturis skalebi. nulovani maCvenebeli arc erTze ar niSnavs temperaturis saerTod arqonas. arc erT am skalaTagans ar aqvs absoluturi nuli, radgan temperatura SeiZleba nul gradusze qvemoTac daeces. swori iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom temperaturis mixedviT iseTive sxvaobaa 20°C-sa da 40°C-s Soris, rogoric 40°C-sa da 60°C-s Soris, magram ar iqneba swori, Tu vityviT, rom 40°C orjer ufro maRalia, vidre _ 20°C. naTeli gaxdeba, Tu ratom ar SegviZlia amis Tqma, rodesac SevadarebT celsiusisa da farengeitis skalebze gazomil Tanabar temperaturebs:

Tanabari temperaturebi°C °F

204060

68104140

yuradReba miaqcieT, rom 20°C-iT sxvaoba yovelTvis tolia 36°F-iT sxvaobisa, magram vinaidan TiToeuli skala pirobiTi nulovani wertilidan iwyeba, erT skalaze erTmaneTis gverdigverd mdebare qulebis fardoba ar udris meore skalis erTmaneTis gverdigverd mdebare qulebis fardobas. magaliTad, Sefardeba 40°C/20°C=2.0, xolo Sesabamisi temperaturebis fardoba 104°F/68°F=1.5.

bihevioristul mecnierebSi skalebi intervalebis dones zustad iSviaTad Seesabameba, Tumca, Sefasebis skalebi, romelTac xSirad iyeneben adamianebis iseTi maxasiaTeblebis Sesafaseblad, rogoricaa pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi, damokidebulebebi, ojaxuri bedniereba, sagnebis SiSi, miRwevis motivacia an lideroba, xSirad gamoiyeneba, rogorc intervalebis skala. rogorc wesi, am skalebSi warmodgenilia debuleba da pasuxebis skala ori ukiduresi polusiTa da maT Soris moTavsebuli ramdenime wertiliT. magaliTad, damokidebulebebis skalaze individs SeiZleba moeTxovebodes, rom upasuxos debulebas: _ „iaraRis tarebis makontrolebeli Zlieri kanoni amcirebs danaSauls“ da aRniSnos Tavisi pasuxi aseT skalaze:

sruliad veTanxmebi veTanxmebi ver gadamiwyvetia ar veTanxmebi sruliad ar veTanxmebi

sxva formis Sefasebis skalaze SeiZleba mogeTxovebodeT pirovnebis Sefaseba bipolaruli zedsarTavi saxelebiT:

aragulwrfeli ____________:________:________:________:________:________:________gulwrfeli

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mimzidveli _________:________:________:________:________:________:________aramimzidveli

civi __________:________:________:________:________:________:________cxeli

Sefasebis skalebis or ukidures poluss Soris SeiZleba nebismieri raodenobis kategoria moTavsdes; Sesabamisad, am skalebs ewodebaT 5-quliani, 7-quliani, 9- quliani da a.S. imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdeni kategoriaa masze mocemuli. xSirad skalis polusebze moTavsebuli zedsarTavi saxelebis prioritetuloba inversiulia debulebaTa naxevrisTvis. amrigad, prioritetul zedsarTav saxelTa naxevari skalis marcxena nawilSi Tavsdeba, xolo meore naxevari _ marjvena nawilSi, rac Tavidan gvaridebs pasuxebis gacemisas wamoWril iseT problemebs, rogoricaa mxolod skalis marjvena mxares moTavsebul debulebaTa gadasinjva.

mas Semdeg, rac pirovneba gascems pasuxebs, skalis TiToeul kategorias eniWeba ricxobrivi mniSvneloba:

aragulwrfeli _________:______:______:______:______:______:______gulwrfeli1 2 3 4 5 6 7

mimzidveli ______:______:______:______:______:______:______aramimzidveli1 2 3 4 5 6 7

civi _______:______:______:______:______:______:______cxeli1 2 3 4 5 6 7

xSirad mocemulia ramdenime skala da cdis piris saboloo, erTi qulis misaRebad saWiroa calkeul skalebze miRebul qulaTa dajameba. aseT skalebs jamuri Sefasebis skalebs uwodeben. magaliTad, rotonma da kelim (Rotton & Kelly, 1985) Seqmnes e.w. mTvaris efeqtis rwmenis skala, romliTac fasdeboda qcevaze savse mTvaris gavlenis rwmena. skala cxra debulebisgan Sedgeba. respondenti irCevs ricxvs 1-dan (sruliad ar veTanxmebi) 9-mde (sruliad veTanxmebi) da amiT miuTiTebs, Tu ramdenad eTanxmeba TiToeul debulebas. magaliTad, skalis erT-erTi debuleba1 aseTia:

kargi azria savse mTvaris dros saxlSi darCena.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

sruliad ar veTanxmebi

arc veTanxmebi,

arc ar veTanxmebi

sruliad veTanxmebi

1 debuleba ibeWdeba avtorebis _ j. rotonisa da i. u. kelis da gamomcemlis nebarTviT, „A Scale for

assessing belief in lunar effects: reliability and concurrent validity“, Psychological Reports, 1985, 57, 239-245, ©

Psychological Reports, 1985.

9


Sefasebis skalisTvis saWiro saboloo qula miiReba cxrave debulebaze miRebuli qulebis dajamebiT. qulaTa SesaZlebeli diapazonia 9-dan (Tu yoveli debuleba Sefasebulia 1 quliT) 81 qulamde (Tu yoveli debuleba Sefasebulia 9 quliT). yuradReba miaqcieT, rom am skalaze qulaTa mocemuli rigi pirobiTia; Tu TiToeuli debulebis Sesafasebeli sayrdeni punqtebi (romelTac raodenoba am skalaze aris 9) dalagebuli iqneboda 10-dan 90-mde (da ara 1-dan 9-mde), maSin jamuri Sefasebis skalis diapazoni iqneboda 90-dan 810 qulamde.

gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneba mTvaris efeqtis rwmenis skalaze da Sefasebis sxva msgavs skalebze miRebuli qulebi? cxadia, rom TiToeuli debulebis Sefaseba moTavsebulia, sul mcire, rigis skalaze. qula 4 miuTiTebs debulebaSi aRwerili konkretuli maxasiaTeblis ufro metad mocemulobaze, vidre _ qula 3, xolo qula 3 _ ufro metad mocemulobaze, vidre qula 2; Tumca, ver vityviT gadaWriT, rom gansxvaveba 4-sa da 3-s Soris maxasiaTebelSi imdenive gansxvavebas gamoxatavs, ramdensac gansxvaveba 3-sa da 2-s Soris. Tumca, aseTi Sefasebebi ufro mets unda iZleodes, vidre mxolod rigis skalis informaciaa. Cven SeiZleba movelodeT, rom respondenti subieqturad dayofs kategoriebs daaxloebiT tol intervalebad skalis polusebs Soris. Tu davajamebT respondentisgan ramdenime calkeul skalaze miRebul Sefasebebs, samarTliani iqneba, Tu davuSvebT, rom saboloo qula ufro mets gvaZlevs, vidre mxolod rigis Sesaxeb informacias. gardneris (Gardner, 1975) mixedviT, jamur skalebze miRebuli qulebi rigisa da intervalebis skalebs Soris xvdeba. amrigad, ar aris aucilebeli, rom romelime konkertuli skala zustad ergebodes gazomvis oTxi skalidan erT-erTs; Tumca, rodesac statistikuri analizis saWiroeba dgeba, Sefasebis skalebs mkvlevrebi xSirad intervalebis skalebad ganixilaven.

Sefardebis skala

intervalebis skalis pirobiTi nulovani wertili Sefardebis skalaze Canacvlebulia absoluturi nuliT, romelic Seesabameba gasazomi cvladis srul ararsebobas. Sefardebis skalaze

SesaZlebelia vTqvaT, rom erTi obieqti (magaliTad, gamRizianebeli, movlena an individi) orjer, naxevarjer an samjer metad xasiaTdeba gasazomi cvladiT, vidre _ meore. Sefardebis skala maSin gamoiyeneba bihevioristul mecnierebebSi, rodesac izomeba iseTi sidideebi, rogoricaa reaqciis dro an amocanis Sesrulebaze daxarjuli dro. am sidideebs aqvT absoluturi nuli, skalis erTeulebi ki Tanabari intervalebiT arian erTmaneTisgan daSorebuli. magaliTad, Tu vzomavT dros, romelsac individi Tavsatexis amoxsnas andomebs, 15 wamsa da 20 wams Soris (anu 10 wami) sxvaoba tolia 50 wamsa da 60

Sefardebis skala (Ratio measurement): _ cvladis sidide dalagebulia skalaze da miniWebul ricxvebs Soris gansxvaveba asaxavs cvladis mniSnelobebs Soris igive sididis gansxvavebas. Sefardebis skalaze arsebobs WeSmaritad nulovani wertili, romelic Seesabameba gasazomi maxasiaTeblis srul ararsebobas.

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wams Soris (isev 10 wami) sxvaobisa; amasTanave, is, vinc 60 wamSi xsnis Tavsatexs, orjer met dros andomebs amas, vidre is, vinc Tavsatexis amoxsnas 30 wamSi axerxebs.

perceptuli iluziis sididis gazomva xSirad Sefardebis skalazea SesaZlebeli. iluzia Cndeba maSin, rodesac gamRizineblis Cveneuli aRqma ar Seesabameba mis fizikur maxasiaTeblebs; Cven arasworad aRviqvamT imas, rac arsebobs. amis cnobili magaliTia miuler-laieris iluzia, romelic N2.1 suraTzea mocemulia. aq Tqven xedavT (an metad albaTuria, rom dainaxoT), rom (a) xazi (b) xazze grZelia, Tumca, fizikurad es xazebi tolia. Tqveni aRqma mcdaria. am iluziis sidide SeiZleba gavzomoT imis gansazRvriT, Tu ramdenad gansxvavdeba stimulis aRqmuli sigrZe misi realuri sigrZisgan. milimetrebiT (mm) gazomili perceptuli Secdoma ganekuTvneba Sefardebis skalas. sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom cdis piris Secdoma iyos 0 mm (anu ar iyos Secdoma), rodesac stimulis aRqmuli sigrZe ar gansxvavdeba misi realuri sigrZisgan. 5 mm-iT Secdomasa da 8 mm-iT Secdomas Soris gansxvaveba igivea, rac 10 mm-iT Secdomasa da 13 mm-iT Secdomas Soris. garda amisa, 10 mm-iT Secdoma gamoxatavs sididis iluzias, romelic orjer aRemateba 5 mm-iT Secdomas.

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Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebi

adamianebisa Tu sagnebis sxvadasxva kategoriebSi gasaerTianeblad saxeldebis skalaze gamoiyeneba ricxvebi, romlebic ar iZlevian raodenobriv informacias im cvladis Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviTac moxda maTi kategoriebSi gaerTianeba. amrigad, saxeldebis skala gvaZlevs

Tvisebriv monacemebs. kategoriebad gaerTianebuli adamianebi an sagnebi raRac TvisebiT arian gansxvavebulni. rigis, intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi gvaZleven raodenobriv monacemebs. cvladisTvis miniWebuli ricxvebi gamoxataven am cvladis sidides anu raodenobas. am sami skalidan bihevioristuli mecnierebebis wamomadgenlebi upiratesobas aniWeben intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebs, radgan isini gasazomi cladis ZiriTadi Tvisebebisa Tu maxasiaTeblebis raodenobis ufro zustad gansazRvris saSualebas iZlevian, vidre rigis skala. garda amisa, vinaidan intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi iseTi maTematikuri operaciebis gamoyenebis saSualebas iZlevian, rogoricaa Sekreba, gamokleba, gamravleba da gayofa, am skalebze SesaZlebelia metad mravalferovani statistikuri teqnikis gamoyenebac. aqedan gamomdinare, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili mravali statistikuri meTodi mowodebulia intervalebis an Sefardebis skalebze miRebuli monacemebisTvis.


1. ganmarteT: _ intervalebis skala, Tvisebrivi monacemebi, raodenobrivi monacemebi, Sefardebis skala.

2. liderobis unaris Sesafasebel rigis skalaze cdis pirebma miiRes Semdegi qulebi: rozana _ 84, eva _ 78, pirsi _ 71, viqtoria _ 65, nensi _ 42 da uiliami _ 0.a) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom rozanasa da evas liderobis unarebs

Soris iseTive gansxvavebaa, rogoric pirsisa da viqtorias unarebs Soris? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.

b) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom rozanas liderobis orjer meti unari aqvs, vidre nensis? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.

g) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom radgan uiliamma 0 qula miiRo, mas saerTod ar aqvs liderobis unari? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.

3. kolejis ramdenime studentma monawiloba miiRo Zilis kvlevaSi, romelSic Tvalebis swrafi moZraobis fazaSi (REM Zili; faza, rodesac adamiani sizmars xedavs) gatarebuli dro (wuTebiT) eleqtroencefalogramis gamoyenebiT izomeboda. erT Rames REM Zilis xangrZlivoba iyo: dominikTan _ 204 wT,

Tvisebrivi monacemebi (Qualitative data): _ saxeldebis skalaze miRebuli monacemebi, romlebic miuTiTeben, rom cvladebi Tvisebrivad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan.

raodenobrivi monacemebi (Quantitative data): _ rigis, intervalebisa an Sefardebis skalaze miRebuli monacemebi, romlebic miuTiTeben, Tu ra sididis aris cvladi.

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gretasTan _ 194 wT, andresTan _ 175 wT, judisTan _ 165 da karmenTan _ 102 wT.a) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom sxvaoba dominikisa da gretas REM

Zilis xangrZlivobas Soris imdenivea, ramdenic andresa da judis REM Zilis xangrZlivobas Soris? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.

b) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom dominikma orjer meti dro gaatara REM Zilis fazaSi, vidre karmenma? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.

g) davuSvaT, erT-erTma studentma, martinma REM Zilis fazaSi gaatara 0 wT. marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom im Rames mas ar hqonia REM Zilis faza? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.

diskretuli (wyvetili) da uwyveti cvladebi

cvladebi SeiZleba iyos diskretuli (wyvetili) da uwyveti

diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladebi

diskretulia (wyvetilia) cvladi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelobebi mxolod sasruli an

potenciurad Tvladi simravlidan. sityva „sasruli“ niSnavs SesaZlo mniSvnelobebis gansazRvrul simravles. mocemuli kolejis studentebis raodenoba diskretuli cvladia: am kolejSi SeiZleba swavlobdes 5652 studenti an 5653 studenti, magram ara _ 5652½

studenti. studentebis raodenoba SeiZleba gaizardos an Semcirdes erTi mTliani, magram ara _ ½ an ⅓ studentis mimatebiT an gamoklebiT. amrigad, studentebis raodenoba iRebs mxolod gansazRvrul Tvlad mniSvnelobebs. Cveulebisamebr, cvladebs, romelTa SesaZlo mniSvnelobebi SeiZleba daviTvaloT, diskretul (wyvetil) cvladebs uwodeben: qalaqSi mcxovreb adamianTa raodenoba, ojaxSi bavSvebis raodenoba, qurdobebis raodenoba erTi wlis manZilze, StatSi regisgrirebuli avtomanqanebis raodenoba da a.S.

uwyveti cvladebi

uwyvetia cvladi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelobebi cvladis nebismier or dones Soris moTavsebuli usasrulo simravlidan. amrigad, uwyvet cvlads aqvs mniSvnelobaTa SemousazRvreli

simravle. aseTi cvladis magaliTia Tqveni wonis gazomva: is SeiZleba iyos 55.6 kg an 55.64 kg. Tqveni wona ar SemoisazRvreba iseTi diskretuli mniSvnelobebiT, rogoricaa 55 kg an 56 kg. Tumca, Tqveni wona mainc ar iqneboda SemosazRvruli am konkretuli mniSvnelobebiT; man SeiZleba miiRos nebismieri mniSvneloba 55 kg-sa da 56 kg-s Soris. analogiurad, mravali fsiqologiuri cvladi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, SfoTva an inteleqti, arsebobs uwyveti cvladis saxiT, Tumca, maTi gazomva SesaZlebelia skalebiT, romlebzec cdis pirs diskretuli qulebi eniWeba.

diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladi (Discrete variable): _ cvladi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos sasruli an Tvladi mniSvneloba.

uwyveti cvladi (Continuous variable): _ cvladi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos usasrulo mniSvneloba cvladis nebismier or dones Soris.

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gazomvis realuri sazRvrebi. rodesac vzomavT uwyvet cvlads, cvladis arsebul sidideebs eniWeba konkretuli ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi, magram es aris cvladis realur sidideebTan mxolod miaxloebuli mniSvnelobebi. aqedan gamomdinare, ganurCevlad imisa, gazomvis romel skalas avirCevT, unda vicodeT, ra sizustiT vzomavT. uwyveti cvladis gazomvis sizuste moTavsebulia miniWebuli ricxvis realur sazRvrebSi.

gazomvis realuri sazRvrebis cnebis gageba gaioldeba, Tu ganvixilavT drois cvladis gazomvis magaliTs. davuSvaT, gvainteresebs, ramden xans SeuZlia adamians 40°F (5°C) wyalSi xelis gaCereba. am davalebas xSirad iyeneben tkivilis usafrTxod gamosawvevad eqsperimentebSi, sadac ikvleven tkivilisadmi tolerantobis gazrdaSi relaqsaciis strategiebis rols. davuSvaT, erTma cdis pirma, Cveni gazomvis mixedviT (vakvirdebodiT mas da vuyurebdiT

wamzoms), wyalSi xelis gaCereba SeZlo 37 wm. ramdenad zustia gazomvis es Sedegi? vinaidan Cven vzomavdiT uaxloesi mTeli wamis sizustiT, dafiqsirebuli dro ver iqneboda 36 an 38 wm, magram SesaZlebelia, rom realuri dro 37,2 wm an 36,7 wm yofiliyo? pasuxia: _ „diax“; Cven SegveZlo 37 wm-mde dagvemrgvalebina 36,7 wamic da 37,2 wamic. am gazomvis (37 wm) sizuste mocemulia ricxvis realuri sazRvrebiT. ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi aris ricxvisa da misi wina ricxvis Suawertili an ricxvisa da misi momdevno ricxvis Suawertili im skalaze, romelsac viyenebT mocemuli cvladis gasazomad. miRebuli mniSvnelobisTvis _ 37 wm-isTvis, Sesabamisad, realuri qveda sazRvari iqneba 36,5 wm, xolo realuri zeda sazRvari _ 37,5 wm. 36,5 wamisTvis realuri qveda zRvari aris Sualedi 36 wamsa (skalaze momdevno gazomvad mniSvnelobasa) da 37 wams Soris. 37,5 wamisTvis realuri zeda zRvari aris Sualedi 37 wamsa da 38 wams (skalze momdevno gazomvad mniSvnelobas) Soris.

axla davuSvaT, rom vzomavT eleqtronuli wamzomiT, romelsac SeuZlia gazomos

uaxloesi wamis sizustiT da miviReT, magaliTad, 37,21 wm. ra iqneba am gazomvis

realuri zeda da qveda zRvari? am SemTxvevaSic viyenebT igive wess: _ vpoulobT momdevno umdables da umaRles mniSvnelobebs Soris Sua wertils im skalaze, romelzec vzomavT cvlads. amrigad, realuri qveda zRvari iqneba Suawertili 37,20 wamsa (momdevno umdables mniSvnelobas) da 37,21 wams Soris anu 37,205 wm, xolo realuri zeda zRvari _ Suawertili 37,21 wamsa da 37,22 wams (momevno umaRles mniSvnelobas) Soris anu 37,215 wm.

uwyveti cvladis yovel ricxviT mniSvnelobas aqvs masTan dakavSirebuli realuri zeda da qveda zRvrebi. davuSvaT, viyenebT Sefasebis 7-qulian skalas, romelic mocemulia N2-2

ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi (Real limits of a

number): _ ricxvisa da misi wina ricxvis Suawertili an ricxvisa da misi momdevno ricxvis Suawertili im skalaze, romelsac viyenebT mocemuli cvladis gasazomad.

ricxvis realuri qveda sazRvari (Lower real

limit of a number) _ ricxvisa da misi wina ricxvis Suawertili.

ricxvis realuri zeda sazRvari(Upper real limit

of a number) _ ricxvisa da misi momdevno ricxvis Suawertili.

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suraTze. vTqvaT, cdis pirma am skalaze aRniSna pasuxi 3. zemoT aRwerili wesebis mixedviT, am qulis realuri qveda da zeda zRvari, Sesabamisad, aris 2,5 da 3,3-ia.

gazomvis realuri sazRvrebi mniSvnelovania qulebis sixSireTa ganawilebis agebisas da statistikur gamoTvlebSi mniSvnelobebis damrgvalebisas. sixSireTa ganawilebis Sesaxeb me-3 TavSi visaubrebT.

suraTi N2.2. 7-qulian skalaze gacemuli pasuxis (aRniSnulia -iT) realuri zeda da qveda zRvrebi.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

arasodes Zalian xSirad

2,5 realuri qveda zRvari

3,5 realuri zeda zRvari

damrgvaleba: gamoTvlis saboloo pasuxi. davuSvaT, sam adamians vTxoveT N2-2 suraTze mocemuli skalis Sevseba da miviReT Semdegi qulebi: _ 4, 4 da 3. tipuri pasuxis aRsawerad unda SevkriboT es ricxvebi (miviRebT 11-s) da miRebuli jami gavyoT 3-ze,

Sedegad gveqneba . aRniSvna (‾) bolo 6-ianis Tavze niSnavs, rom 6-ianebi

usasrulod meordeba. mZimis Semdeg ramdeni TanrigiT unda warmoadginoT miRebuli pasuxi?

erTi SeTanxmebaa, rom gamoTvlis saboloo mniSvneloba unda damrgvaldes mZimis Semdeg or Tanrigamde realurad miRebuli mniSvnelobis Semdeg. warmodgenil magaliTSi qulebi mocemulia erTeulebSi: cdis pirma unda airCios 3 an 4 da ara _ 3,2 an 4,6. am wesis mixedviT, gamoTvlis saboloo Sedegi unda damrgvaldes arCeuli pasuxis Semdeg or Tanrigamde anu 3,67-mde.

meore SeTanxmebiT, gamoTvlis saboloo Sedegi mrgvaldeba mZimis Semdeg erT Tanrigamde realurad miRebuli qulis Semdeg. am midgomis mixedviT, mocemul magaliTSi gamoTvlis saboloo Sedegi damrgvaldeba miRebuli qulis mZimis Semdeg erT Tanrigamde anu iqneba 3,7. qvemoT ganxilulia orive midgomis sailustracio magaliTi.

damrgvaleba: gamoTvlis Sualeduri nabijebi. Tu saboloo pasuxis gamoTvlas ramdenime nabiji sWirdeba, Sualeduri ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi, sul mcire, ori TanrigiT

metiT unda gadavitanoT saboloo pasuxis gamoTvlis etapamde. magaliTad, Tu -is

mniSvneloba Semdgom gamoTvlebSic unda gamoviyenoT, is ar unda damrgvaldes 3,67-mde; metic, Semdgomi gamoTvlebisTvis is ori damatebiTi TanrigiT unda gadavitanoT _ 3,6667. am midgomas minimumamde dayavs gamoTvlebSi damrgvalebis Secdoma.

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damrgvalebis wesebi. davuSvaT, gamoTvlis Sedegad miviReT pasuxi 3,6AB, sadac A

da B SesaZlo ricxviTi mniSvnelobebia. magaliTad, Tu A=2 da B=9, maSin 3,6AB=3.629. vTqvaT, gvsurs am ricxvis mZimis Semdeg or Tanrigamde damrgvaleba. ricxvebis damrgvaleba, Cvelebriv, ramdenime wesis dacviT xdeba.

Tu B-Ti aRniSnuli ricxvi 5-ze metia, A izrdeba 1-iT da ugulebeliyofa B sidide. am wesis mixedviT, 3,629 (aq A=2 da B=9) mrgvaldeba 3,63-mde.

Tu B 5-ze naklebia, A-s mniSvneloba ucvleli rCeba da ugulebeliyofa B sidide. am wesis mixedviT, 3,623 (aq A=2 da B=3) mrgvaldeba 3,62-mde.

Tu B-Ti aRniSnuli ricxvi 5-is tolia, A izrdeba 1-iT, Tu A kentia; xolo A-s mniSvneloba ucvleli rCeba, Tu A luwia, B sidide ki ugulebeliyofa. am wesis mixedviT, 3,635 (aq A=3 da B=5) mrgvaldeba 3,64-mde, xolo 3,625 (aq A=2 da B=5) _ 3,62-mde da ara 3,63-mde.

SeamowmeT Tqveni codna II-4

1. ganmarteT: _ uwyveti cvladi, diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladi, ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi, realuri qveda zRvari, realuri zeda zRvari.

2. gaarkvieT, qvemoT CamoTvlili cvladebidan romelia diskretuli da romeli _ uwyveti.a) individis xelis sigrZe, gazomili santimetrebiT.b) sasamarTlos darbazSi bralmdebelisa da braldebulis TvalebiT kontaqtis

xangrZlioba, gazomili wamebiT.g) tomsonis gazelis naxtomebis (vertikaluri naxtomi, rodesac oTxive fexi

erTdroulad scildeba miwas) raodenoba 1 saaTis ganmavlobaSi.d) mgalobeli Citis simReris xangrZlivoba (wamebSi) Sewyvilebis periodSi.e) multiplikaciur filmebze sicili, romelic izomeba im drois xangrZlivobis

mixedviT (wamebSi), ramden xansac icinis maTze cdis piri.v) sabavSvo baRis bavSvebis altruistul qcevaTa raodenoba erTi dRis

ganmavlobaSi.z) bavSvis megobrebis raodenoba.T) statistikis gamocdaze sworad gacemuli pasuxebis raodenoba.

3. ipoveT TiToeuli qulis realuri zeda da qveda zRvrebi.a) 152,4 sm simaRle.b) TvalebiT kontaqtis xangrZlioba 17,3 wm.g) 7-qulian skalaze micemuli Sefaseba 4.d) reaqciis dro 0,437 wm.e) 6,9 mm Secdoma miuler-laieris iluziis aRqmisas.v) xelis sigrZe 67,81 sm.

4. daamrgvaleT Semdegi mniSvnelobebi frCxilebSi miTiTebul Tanrigamde.a) 27,436 (or Tanrigamde).

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b) 119,0278 (sam Tanrigamde).g) 1,445 (or Tanrigamde).d) 1263.75915 (oTx Tanrigamde).e) 0,352 (or Tanrigamde).v) 13,2659 (or Tanrigamde).

Sejameba

statistika qcevis mecnieruli Seswavlis saSualebaa. mecnieruli kvleva iwyeba kiTxvis dasmiT, romelzec pasuxis gacema SesaZlebelia

empiriuli monacemebis mopovebis saSualebiT. kvlevis meTodi aris monacemebis mogrovebisas gamoyenebuli midgoma. aq

ganxilulia kvlevis oTxi meTodi: _ bunebrivi dakvirveba, saarqivo Canawerebi, gamokiTxva da eqsperimenti.

bunebrivi dakvirveba aris kvleva, romelic gulisxmobs bunebriv pirobebSi ganxorcielebul qcevebze dakvirvebas.

saarqivo CanawerebiT kvlevisas gamoiyeneba arsebuli Canawerebi. gamokiTxva aris kvleva, romelSic monacemebi adamianebis zepiri an werilobiTi

interviuebiT miiReba. eqsperimenti aris zedmiwevniT gakontrolebuli situacia, sadac mecnieri axdens

erTi an meti damoukidebeli cvladis manipulirebas da akvirdeba, Tu ra gavlenas axdens es damokidebul cvladze.

operaciuli gansazRvreba aRwers dakvirvebisas an damoukidebeli cvladiT manipulirebisas gamoyenebul operaciebs Tu etapebs.

gazomva aris garkveuli wesebis mixedviT cvladebisTvis ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis miniWeba.

saxeldebis skala aris gazomili cvladis sxvadasxva kategoriebSi gaerTianeba. saxeldebis skala iZleva Tvisebriv monacemebs.

rigis skala mocemuli parametris mixedviT TanmimdevrobiT ganalagebs cvladis sidideebs.

intervalebis skalaze Tanabrad izrdeba gasazomi cvladis sidide, Tumca, aq mas ara aqvs absoluturi nuli.

Sefardebis skala xasiaTdeba intervalebis skalis TvisebebiT da damatebiT aqvs absoluturi nulovani wertili.

rigis, intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi raodenobriv monacemebs iZleva. diskretulma cvladma SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelobebi mxolod sasruli an

potenciurad Tvladi simravlidan. uwyvetma cvladma SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelobebi cvladis nebismier or dones

Soris moTavsebuli usasrulo simravlidan.

17


ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi aris ricxvsa da mis wina da momdevno umdables da umaRles ricxvebs Soris Sua wertilebi im skalaze, romelsac viyenebT mocemuli cvladis gasazomad.

ZiriTadi terminebi da simboloebi

bunebrivi dakvirvebagamokiTxvadiskretuli cvladiempiriuli monacemieqsperimentiTvisebrivi monacemebiintervalebis skalakvlevis sqema

kvlevis hipoTezaoperaciuli gansazRvrebaraodenobrivi monacemebirigis skalaricxvis realuri zeda zRvari ricxvis realuri zRvariricxvis realuri qveda zRvarisaarqivo Canawerebi

saxeldebis skalaskalauwyveti cvladiSefardebebis skalacvladi

kiTxvebi

1. davuSvaT, gTxoves qvemoT CamoTvlil kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad monacemebis Segroveba. kvlevis romel sqemas airCevdiT TiToeul SemTxvevaSi da ratom?

a)statistikis kursze Tqveni jgufelebi, Cveulebriv, ramden dros uTmoben saSinao davalebis Sesrulebas?

b)ramdenad xSirad isvris kalaTburTeli burTs kalaTSi maSin, rodesac msaji uSualod srolis win drois amowurvis niSans iZleva?

g) zrdis Tu ara gamyidvelTa daxelovnebis programa im adamianTa navaWris raodenobas, romlebmac gaiares es programa?

d) ra tipur qcevebs axorcielebs patara bavSvi maRaziidan gamosvlisas? 2. davuSvaT, gTxoves TanamSromelTa jgufSi samsaxureobrivi stresis gazomva.

rogor gansazRvravT operaciulad samsaxureobrivi stresis zomas?3. gazomes policiis oficerTa orientacia profesiul miRwevaze. amisaTvis

gamoiyenes oTxi teqsti. TiToeul maTganSi aRwerili iyo profesiul miRwevaze sxvadasxvagvari oriantacia, romlis Sinaarsi icvleboda 1-dan (invidividis profesiul miRwevasTan yvelaze miaxloebulidan) 4-mde (individis profesiul miRwevisgan yvelaze daSorebulamde).

a) ra ZiriTadi cvladi gazomes am kvlevaSi?b) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?

4. profesionali golfis moTamaSe qalebi awones, raTa daedginaT, ukavSirdeboda Tu ara maTi sxeulis wona maTi TamaSis xarisxs.

a) ra ZiriTadi cvladi gazomes am kvlevaSi?b) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?

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g) golfis erTi moTamaSis wona iyo 54,6 kg. ra iqneba am gazomvis realuri zeda da qveda zRvari.

d) 6 golfis moTamaSe awones kilogramis sizustiT. maTi saSualo wona iyo 57,648 kg. daamrgvaleT es ricxvi.

5. pirvelklaseli bavSvebis mSoblebi Seafases emociuri stabilobis pirovnuli maxasiaTeblis mixedviT. amisaTvis gamoiyenes Sefasebis skala.

a) ra ZiriTadi cvladi gazomes am kvlevaSi?b) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?g) vTqvaT, cdis pirma daTanxmeba _ ardaTanxmebis 9-qulian skalaze

debulebas mianiWa 8. ra iqneba am gazomvis realuri qveda da zeda zRvari?d) vTqvaT, am skalis mixedviT SeafaseT eqvsi adamiani da mocemuli

debulebis maTi tipuri Sefaseba iyo 5,833. ramdenad sworad aris mocemuli es Sedegi mZimis Semdeg warmodgenili Tanrigebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.

6. Tqven ikvlevT, Tu ramden dros uTmoben studentebi yoveldRiurad saSinao davalebis Sesrulebas. erTma studentma aRniSna, rom qimias 97 wuTs uTmobs.

a) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?b) ra iqneba studentis mier dasaxelebuli 97 wuTis realuri zeda da qveda

zRvari?g) samma studentma aRniSna, rom saSinao davalebis Sesrulebas uTmobs 97,

68 da 83 wuTs, Sesabamisad. maTi qulebis saSualoa 82,666666. daamrgvaleT es ricxvi.

7. pirovnebaTSorisi Rirebulebebis Sesafaseblad cdis pirs moeTxoveboda Rirebulebebis amsaxveli 12 debuleba daelagebina yvelaze mniSvnelovanidan yvelaze naklebad mniSvnelovanamde. gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?

8. sabavSo baRSi bavSvebis urTierTqmedeba gaarTianes kategoriebSi: agonisturi (anu kamaTi an Cxubi), neitraluri (ar iyo interaqcia) da altruistuli (anu daxmarebis gamwevi). gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?

9. gansazRvreT, qvemoT CamoTvlili cvladebi diskretulia Tu uwyveti.a) Tqveni jgufelebis raodenoba statistikis kursze.b) im adamianebis mier daklebuli wona kilogramebSi, romlebic dietas icaven

da varjiSoben.g) caciebis ricxvi 100 kacian jgufSi.d) individis sisxlis wneva, romelic izomeba vercxlis wylis svetis simaRliT.

10.gansazRvreT qvemoT CamoTvlili maCveneblebis realuri zeda da qveda zRvari.a) wona 61,3 kg.b) 34 wuTi, romelic eTmoba video TamaSs.

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g) manqaniT gavlili 175.6 km.d) sxeuli temperatura 36,6°C.

e) sistoluri sisxlis wneva vercxlis wylis simaRlis 109 mm.11.daamrgvaleT Semdegi ricxvebi mZimis Semdeg or Tanrigamde.

a) 42,255b) 1,165g) 163,651d) 27,426

e) 13,895v) 24,6250z) 19,2751

12.sadilis dasrulebis Semdeg restornis mepatroneebi avseben baraTebs. mas sTxoven, rom TiToeul baraTSi 5-qulian skalze (cudidad saukeTesomde) Seafasos sakvebis xarisxi, momsaxurebisas keTilganwyobis xarisxi, momsaxurebis siswrafe da sisufTave. TiToeuli baraTidan miRebuli saboloo qulaa 4-dan 20-mde. gazomvis romeli skalaa gamoyenebuli aq? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.

13.fsiqologi ikvlevda, Tu ramdenad SeeZloT adamainebs tkivilis atana; amisaTvis cdis pirebi xels yofdnen 5°C-ian wyalSi; izomeboda drois xangrZlivoba, ramden xansac SeeZloT maT xelis gaCereba wyalSi. man Caatara ori kvleva.

a) pirvel kvlevaSi cdis pirebi dalagda imis mixedviT, Tu ramden xans SeeZloT xelis gaCereba wyalSi da miiRes Semdegi Tanmimdevroba: liza _ 1, stacia _ 2, marita _ 3, robini _ 4 da judi _ 5. gazomvis romeli skala gamoiyena mkvlevarma?

b) meore kvlevaSi tkivilis amtanobis xangrZlivoba wamebiT gaizoma da miiRes Semdegi Sedegebi: liza _ 111,3 wm, stacia _ 97,8 wm, marita _ 71,3 wm, robini _ 18,7 wm da judi _ 13,6 wm. gazomvis romeli skala gamoiyena mkvlevarma?

14.jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier janmrTelobis dacvis sistemebis ranJirebisas (Mishra, 2000) aSS-is janmrTelobis dacvis sistemam 37-e rangi miiRo. pirveli da meore adgilebi, Sesabamisad, safrangeTisa da italiis janmrTelobis dacvis sistemebma daikaves. iaponias mieniWa me-10, xolo Sveicarias _ me-20 rangi.

a) ramdenad ukeTesia safrangeTis janmrTelobis dacvis sistema italiasTan SedarebiT?

b) aris Tu ara aSS-is janmrTelobis dacvis sistema orjer ukeTesi, vidre Sveicariis? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.

g) ras geubnebaT aSS-is janmrTelobis dacvis sistemis xarisxis Sesaxeb is faqti, rom mas 37-e rangi mieniWa?

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Documents

Tavi 1 - TSU Learn · Web viewganmarteT: _ uwyveti cvladi, diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladi, ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi, realuri qveda zRvari, realuri zeda zRvari. gaarkvieT, qvemoT CamoTvlili