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TCP/IP 概論. 許宗濤 [email protected] 2007-07-24. TCP/IP 在 1969 年由美國國防部內的 DARPA 機構,為了尋找解決「 packet-switching 」不相容問題的可行方案,及驗證分封交換技術的實用性,以國防部為中心,聯合了一些著名的學校及研究機構的電腦資源,協力建構一個實驗性的「分封交換網路 packet-switching network 」,即所謂 ARPANET 。其宗旨希望能夠以此網路系統為實驗平台,研發出一種具有高可靠性、穩健的、且部屬於任何廠商所有的數據通訊系統。 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TCP/IP [email protected]
TCP/IP1969DARPApacket-switchingpacket-switching networkARPANET1975ARPANETTCP/IP1983DARPAARPANETTCP/IP198310Berkeley UNIX4.BSDTCP/IPKernelTCP/IPsocket system calls
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Data Link LayerMAC/Medium Access Controller48-bit(6 Bytes)cmdipconfig /allphysical addressMACARP/RARPIP Datagramframe
Ethernetframe
ARP ARPAddress Resolution ProtocolRFC82632-bit IP48-bit ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ffARPARPARP32-bit IP48-bitARP Cachearp aARP Cache
TCP/IP 1. 2. ARP IP MAC 3. MAC4. ARP ARP Request MAC MAC 5. IP 6. MAC IP ARP 7. ARP Reply 8. ARP Reply ARP 9. 10.
ARP --ARP Braodcast and Reply
RARP RARPReverse Address Resolution ProtocolIP
Network Layer packet
IP A. Forward(Routing)B. (ICMP)C.(Addressing)32-bit IPIP8BytesIPD.(Fragmentation and Reassembly)
Time To Live(TTL) 8bitsDatagramRouterRouterIPTTLRouter10DiscardTTLRouting SystemInfinite LoopTTLIPRFC170064
IP IPUnreliableIPIPIP DataICMPTCPCRCIPConnection-less
IP3 UnicastInternetIPWANBroadcast(LAN) Multicast Unicast Broadcast
IP/3 32bits(binary form;machine code)10001100.10000000.01100011.00000101 1*27+0*26+0*25+0*24+1*23+1*22+0*21+0*20. 140.128.99.5 10IP10Domain Nameetweb.tp.edu.tw (163.21.249.52)IP(Domain Name System)
DIPHost ID(Multicast)IPIPHost ID0110.xxx.xxx.xxxA10.0.0.0IP10.255.255.255broadcast addressLoopback InterfaceIPLoopbackIPIP DatagramIPLoopback DriverIPTCP/UDP/ICMPTCP/IPLoopbackIP127.0.0.1localhosthost name
IP DatagramRouting MechanismRouterRouting DeviceIPRouting TableIP DatagramRoutingIPRouting TableIPIP DatagramRouting TableIP Datagramnetstat r route print[Default Gateway]
IP Routing
IPMAC MACMACMAC MAC
Hop-By-HopIP RoutingRouterRouting TableRouterRouterRouterthe IP address of the next-hop router to the destination.
ICMPRFC792 feedback about problemsIPError ReportingConnectivity TestIP DatagramInternetIPTTL00IP DatagramdiscardIP DatagramRouterpingIPUNIXNetBios ServicesICMPIPICMP MessageIPIP Datagram
ICMP Redirect sun2Routing Tablegateway140.128.101.1newG140.128.135.0/24sun2fox(1)IP140.128.135.2sun1newG(2)sun1newGnewGfoxsun2sun1newGfoxsun1(3)sun1newGsun1sun2ICMP Redirect Messgaesun2Routing Tablesun2140.128.135.0 255255255.0 140.128.101.246(4)sun2140.128.135.xxxnewG
Ping PingICMP echo request messageecho requestIPICMPecho reply
()Link(LNK)Action(ACT)COMPing
Setupwindows net diagTCP/IPping 127.0.0.1loopbackTCP/IP ping IP ping GATEWAYping Domain NameDNS
Ping
Ping 127.0.0.1(loopback test)IP140.128.101.2
Tracert/Traceroute WindowsTracertUNIXTraceroute(Routing points)routerPCtraceroute(ping)
IPIP DatagramrouterrouterIP DatagramIPIProuterIPIP DataProtocolIPTTL0Router0IP DatagramrouterICMP Time Exceeded Messgae
1ICMPTTL1Router1-10Router1ICMP Time Exceeded MessgaeRouter1IP2ICMPTTL2Router1-1Router2-10Router2ICMP Time Exceeded MessgaeRouter2IPTTLRoutersIP
Transport Layer TCPRFC793UDPRFC768Transmission Control ProtocolTCPTelnetFTPTCPUser Datagram ProtocolUDPDNSRIPUDP
v.s.reliableun-reliablev.s.handshakehandshakeconnection
TCP A.(Reliable Delivery Service)Acknowledgement B.data(Connection-Oriented Service):datavirtual circuitdataConnection-Oriented ServiceTCP Connection Establishment
(Three-way Handshake)
TCPSource PortDestination Portsending applicationreceiving application16bits21665536port numberWell-known Port Numbersport number1-102310TelnetFTPWWWServer
unixport numbers/etc/services
UDP User32-bit IPIPIPwww.mtue.edu.twIP32-bit IPIPClientDNS resolverDNS-UDP-IP-EthernetDNS Server(query)DNS Server(response)AP-Data32-bit IPIP
UDP UDP UDP queryresponsequeryUDPTCPUDPOption8Bytes
Application Layer
Subnetting Mechanism 32-bit IPHost IDbitssubnet
1Class BIP160.9.0.0/161216IP23(8)1224(16)4bits164098212IP
A140.128.101.2/24IP DatagramIP140.128.135.2/24B
(Switch HUB)(Layer 2 Switch)MAC(Layer 3 Switch)(Network Layer)IP HeaderOSI
switch hub10/100MBLayer2port learning8 Ports Switch HUB Lookup Table1024MAC Address(Address Learning)(Source Address)Hash Lookup tableLookup table(Address Lookup)(Destination Address) Hash Lookup table Lookup Table switchUTPFiber Layer2MACLayer 3()VLANport trunkip tunnelMulticastSwitchrouting switchUTPFDDILayer 3VLANport trunkIP tunnelMulticastIPLayer 4(Layer 7) QoSCLI routerLayer3VLANport trunkIP tunnelMulticastIP Layer4QoSCLI xDSLcableATMPPPUTPFDDI.......
port learningMACMACMAC bufferMACMAC bufferARP proxyARPVLANIPport trunkportIP tunnelIPIPVPNMulticastIGMPQoSIEEE 802.1qQoS(Quality of Service)VoIP(Voice over IP)Video Conference(Virtual Reality)Switch Hub ChipPriority Queue, L3Layer3IPRIPOSPF
802.1qVLANSwitchVLAN802.1qVLANVirtual LANSwitchMISSwitchSwitchVLANSwitchVLANSwitchVLANVLAN802.1qSwitchVLANVLANSwitchSwitchVLANRouterSwitchVLANVLANSwitch
Switch FabricSwitch2410100MHzSwitch200MHzSwitchNon-Blocking Full Wire-Speed4.8GHz4.8GHz8Hub100MHz800MHz8100MHz
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