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1/40

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope

4hapter '

Machining /roce00e0 10ed to /roduceRound Shape05 Turning and 6ole Making


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7athe 4utting

8peration0

Figure '. Mi0cellaneou0 cuttingoperation0 that can be perfored

on a lathe. #ote that all part0 are

circular 9 a property kno:n a0

a;i0yetry. The tool0 u0ed, their

0hape, and the proce00ing

paraeter0 are de0cribed

throughout thi0 chapter.


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4haracteri0tic0 of Machining /roce00e0 and Typical


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7athe

Figure '. =eneral vie: of a typical lathe, 0ho:ing variou0 coponent0.

Source: 4ourte0y of 6eidenreich & 6arbeck.


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Turning 8peration

Figure '.' Scheatic illu0tration of the ba0ic turning operation, 0ho:ing depth%of%

cut, d> feed, f> and 0pindle rotational 0peed, Nin rev?in. 4utting 0peed i0 the 0urface

0peed of the :orkpiece at the tool tip.


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7/40Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope

=eneral Recoendation0 for Tool 3ngle0 in

Turning


8/40Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope

Suary of

Turning

/araeter0

and Forula0


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Force0 3cting on a 4utting Tool in Turning

Figure '. Force0 acting on a cuttin tool in turning, Fci0 the cutting force, Ft

i0 the thru0t of feed force @in the direction of feedA, and Fri0 the radial force

that tend0 to pu0h the tool a:ay fro the :orkpiece being achined.


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Range of 3pplicable 4utting Speed0 and Feed0 for Tool

Material0

Figure '.+ The range of

applicable cutting 0peed0 andfeed0 for a variety of tool

aterial0.


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=eneral Recoendation0 for Turning 8peration0


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=eneral Recoendation0 for Turning 8peration0, conBt.


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=eneral Recoendation0 for Turning 8peration0, conBt


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=eneral Recoendation0 for 4utting Fluid0 for Machining


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Typical 4apacitie0 and Ma;iu Corkpiece


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4ollet0

Figure '.D @aA and @bA Scheatic illu0tration0 of a dra:%in type collet. The

:orkpiece i0 placed in the collet hole, and the conical 0urface0 of the collet are forced

in:ard0 by pulling it :ith a dra: bar into the 0leeve. @cA 3 pu0h%out type collet. @dA

Corkholding of a :orkpiece on a face plate.


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Mandrel0 to 6old Corkpiece0 for Turning

Figure '.) ariou0 type0 of andrel0 to hold :orkpiece0 for turning. The0e andrel0

u0ually are ounted bet:een center0 on a lathe. #ote that in @aA, both the cylindrical

and the end face0 of the :orkpiece can be achined, :herea0 in @bA and @cA, only the

cylindrical 0urface0 can be achined.


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Turret 7athe

Figure '.* Scheatic illu0tration of the coponent0 of a turret lathe.

#ote the t:o turret05 0uare and he;agonal @ainA.


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#uerical 4ontrol 7athe and Turret

Figure '.$ @aA 3 coputer nuerical%control lathe. #ote the t:o turret0 on

thi0 achine. The0e achine0 have higher po:er and 0pindle 0peed than other

lathe0 in order to take advantage of ne: cutting tool0 :ith enhanced propertie0.

@bA 3 typical turret euipped :ith ten tool0, 0oe of :hich are po:ered.


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/art0 Made on 4#4 7athe0

Figure '. Typical part0 ade on 4#4 lathe0.


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E;aple '.'5 Machining of 4ople; Shape0

Figure '. E;aple0 of ore cople;

0hape0 that can be produced on a 4#4 lathe.


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Typical

/roduction

Rate0 for

ariou0

Machining

8peration0


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Range of Surface

Roughne00e0 inMachining

/roce00e0

Figure '.' The range of

0urface roughne00e0 obtainedin variou0 achining

proce00e0. #ote the :ide

range :ithin each group,

e0pecially in turning and boring.


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Range of


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Trouble0hooting =uide for Turning


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4uttingScre:

Thread0

Figure '. @aA 4utting 0cre: thread0 on a lathe :ith a 0ingle%point cutting tool. @bA 4utting 0cre:

thread0 :ith a 0ingle%point tool in 0everal pa00e0, norally utiliGed for large thread0. The 0all arro:0 in

the figure0 0ho: the direction of the feed, and the broken line0 0ho: the po0ition of the cutting tool a0 tie

progre00e0. #ote that in radial cutting, the tool i0 fed directly into the :orkpiece. !n flank cutting, the tool

i0 fed inot the piece along the right face of the thread. !n incremental cutting, the tool i0 fir0t fed directly

into the piece at the center of the thread, then at it0 0ide0, and finally into the root. @cA 3 typical coated%

carbide in0ert in the proce00 of cutting 0cre: thread0 on a round 0haft. @dA 4utting internal 0cre: thread0

:ith a carbide in0ert. Source5 @cA5 4ourte0y of !0car Metal0 !nc.


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4ha0er0 and


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"oring and "oring Mill

Figure '.D @aA Scheatic

illu0tration of a 0teel boring bar:ith a carbide in0ert. #ote the

pa00age:ay in the bar for cutting

fluid application. @bA Scheatic

illu0tration of a boring bar :ith

tung0ten%alloy Hinertia di0k0I

0ealed in the bar to counteractvibration and chatter during

boring. Thi0 0y0te i0 effective

for boring bar length%to%diaeter

ratio0 of up to +.

Figure '.) Scheatic illu0tration of a vertical

boring ill. Such a achine can accoodate

:orkpiece 0iGe0 a0 large a0 . @*) in.A in

diaeter.


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4hi0el%/oint


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=eneral 4apabilitie0 of


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Type0 of


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=un


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=eneral Recoendation0 for Speed0 and Feed0

in


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Trouble0hooting =uide for


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ertical


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Three%3;i0 4oputer #uerical%4ontrol


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6elical Reaer and !n0erted%"lade 3dju0table Reaer

Figure '.+ @aA Terinology for a helical reaer.

@bA !n0erted%blade adju0table reaer.


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Tapping

Figure '.D @aA Terinology for a tap. @bA Tapping of 0teel nut0 in production.


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M f t i E i i & T h l Fifth Editi b S

4ervical Spine !plant

Figure '.) 3 cervical 0pine iplant.

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