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Scientific Committee Adamantios Koumpis, University of Passau, Passau, Germany Anca Draghici, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romenia Anda Gheorghiu, Hyperion University, Bucharest, Romenia Beatriz Aibar Guzmán, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Bruno José Machado de Almeida, ISCAC-Coimbra Business School Coimbra, Portugal Carlos Cabral Cardoso, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Carlos Pinho, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal Cristina Aibar Guzmán, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Daniel Bessa, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal David Amborski, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada Dimitrios N. Koufopoulos, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom Fernando Flávio Ferreira, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Francesca Manes-Rossi, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy George Leal Jamil, University of Fumec, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Giuseppe Grossi, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden Henryk Wyre ˛bek, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Helena Guimarães, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Jan van Helden, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands João Carvalho, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal José de Freitas Santos, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Lúcia Lima Rodrigues, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Maria Conceição Castro, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Maria José Fernandes, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal Maria José Del Pino Espejo, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain Miguel Pina e Cunha, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Minoo Farhangmehr, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Natália Canadas, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leira, Portugal Patrizia Modica, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy Pedro Nunes, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal Rosa Maria Rocha, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Rui Robalo, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Santarém, Portugal Sónia Monteiro, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal Susana Margarida Jorge, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Vojko Potocan, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia © Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave (IPCA) (2016) All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted by any electronic or mechani- cal procedure, including photocopying and magnetic tape, or recorded in any in- formation recovery system in any form or by any medium, without previous written authorisation of the owner of the exploita- tion rights of the same. ELSEVIER ESPAÑA, in accordance to that set out in Article 32.1, second paragraph of the current “Reformulated Text of the Intel- lectual Property Law” TRLPI, expressly pro- hibits the use or partial use of the pages of TÉKHNE – Review of Applied Managements Studies with the aim of preparing printed abstracts for commercial purposes. Any form of reproduction, distribution, public presentation or transformation of this jour- nal can only be done with the approval of its owners, unless there is an exception en- visaged in the law. No responsibility is assumed by the Pub- lisher or the Instituto Politécnico do Cá- vado e do Ave (IPCA) for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or other- wise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Although all advertising material is expect- ed to conform to ethical standards, inclu- sion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Property of Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave Campus do IPCA, Vila Frescaínha S. Martinho 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal Editorial main office: Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave Published every 6 months (2 issues per year). Editorial statutes available at: www.elsevier.pt/tekhne [email protected] This journal is registered in the Entidade Reguladora para a Comunicação Social (ERC). Avda. Josep Tarradellas, 23-30, 1º 08029 Barcelona (Spain) Tel.: +34 932 000 711 Zurbano, 76 28010 Madrid (Spain) Tel.: +34 914 021 212 Subscription of Printed version available (subject to following rates) Portugal: Sample copy: 7,5€, Annual subscription: 12€ Rest of the world: Contact IPCA (VAT included) IPCA – Gabinete de Comunicação e Imagem [email protected] Customer care [email protected] This publication is printed on acid-free paper. Printed by: Gráfica do Diário do Minho Rua Cidade do Porto Parque Industrial Grundig, Bloco 5, Fração A 4700-087 Braga Portugal Legal deposit: 214239/04 ISSN: 1645-9911 300 copies Tékhne Review of Applied Management Studies Director/Editor-in-Chief Patrícia Gomes [email protected] Associate Editor Raquel Mendes [email protected] Secretary Maria José Neco [email protected]

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Page 1: TEKHNE PRE 14(2)

Scientifi c Committee

Adamantios Koumpis, University of Passau, Passau, Germany

Anca Draghici, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romenia

Anda Gheorghiu, Hyperion University, Bucharest, Romenia

Beatriz Aibar Guzmán, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Bruno José Machado de Almeida, ISCAC-Coimbra Business School Coimbra, Portugal

Carlos Cabral Cardoso, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Carlos Pinho, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Cristina Aibar Guzmán, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Daniel Bessa, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

David Amborski, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada

Dimitrios N. Koufopoulos, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom

Fernando Flávio Ferreira, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Francesca Manes-Rossi,University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy

George Leal Jamil,University of Fumec, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil

Giuseppe Grossi,Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden

Henryk Wyrebek, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland

Helena Guimarães, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Jan van Helden,University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

João Carvalho, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal

José de Freitas Santos, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Lúcia Lima Rodrigues, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Maria Conceição Castro, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Maria José Fernandes, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal

Maria José Del Pino Espejo,University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain

Miguel Pina e Cunha, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Minoo Farhangmehr, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Natália Canadas, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leira, Portugal

Patrizia Modica,University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Pedro Nunes, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal

Rosa Maria Rocha, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Rui Robalo, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Santarém, Portugal

Sónia Monteiro, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal

Susana Margarida Jorge, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

Vojko Potocan, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

© Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave (IPCA) (2016)

All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted by any electronic or mechani-cal procedure, including photocopying and magnetic tape, or recorded in any in-formation recovery system in any form or by any medium, without previous written authorisation of the owner of the exploita-tion rights of the same.

ELSEVIER ESPAÑA, in accordance to that set out in Article 32.1, second paragraph of the current “Reformulated Text of the Intel-lectual Property Law” TRLPI, expressly pro-hibits the use or partial use of the pages of TÉKHNE – Review of Applied Managements Studies with the aim of preparing printed abstracts for commercial purposes. Any form of reproduction, distribution, public presentation or transformation of this jour-nal can only be done with the approval of its owners, unless there is an exception en-visaged in the law.

No responsibility is assumed by the Pub-lisher or the Instituto Politécnico do Cá-vado e do Ave (IPCA) for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or other-wise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Although all advertising material is expect-ed to conform to ethical standards, inclu-sion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer.

Property of Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do AveCampus do IPCA, Vila Frescaínha S. Martinho 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal

Editorial main offi ce: Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave

Published every 6 months (2 issues per year).

Editorial statutes available at: www.elsevier.pt/tekhne

[email protected]

This journal is registered in the Entidade Reguladora para a Comunicação Social (ERC).

Avda. Josep Tarradellas, 23-30, 1º 08029 Barcelona (Spain) Tel.: +34 932 000 711 Zurbano, 76 28010 Madrid (Spain) Tel.: +34 914 021 212

Subscription of Printed version available(subject to following rates)

Portugal: Sample copy: 7,5€, Annual subscription: 12€Rest of the world: Contact IPCA(VAT included)

IPCA – Gabinete de Comunicação e [email protected] [email protected]

This publication is printed on acid-free paper.Printed by: Gráfi ca do Diário do MinhoRua Cidade do PortoParque Industrial Grundig, Bloco 5, Fração A4700-087 BragaPortugal Legal deposit: 214239/04ISSN: 1645-9911300 copies

TékhneReview of Applied Management Studies

Director/Editor-in-ChiefPatrícia Gomes

[email protected]

Associate EditorRaquel Mendes

[email protected]

SecretaryMaria José Neco

[email protected]