TEM-4TEM-4 语法复习专题语法复习专题

从属分句从属分句Subordinate ClauseSubordinate Clause

从属分句从属分句Subordinate ClauseSubordinate Clause

状语从句 状语从句 Adverbial ClauseAdverbial Clause 定语从句 定语从句 Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause 同位语从句 同位语从句 Appositive ClauseAppositive Clause 宾语从句 宾语从句 Objective ClauseObjective Clause 主语从句 主语从句 Subjective ClauseSubjective Clause 表语从句 表语从句 Predicative ClausePredicative Clause

状语从句状语从句Adverbial Clause (of …)Adverbial Clause (of …)

让步状语从句 让步状语从句 (concession)(concession) 条件状语从句 条件状语从句 (condition)(condition) 时间状语从句 时间状语从句 (time)(time) 地点状语从句 地点状语从句 (place)(place) 原因状语从句 原因状语从句 (cause) (cause) 结果状语从句 结果状语从句 (result)(result) 程度状语从句 程度状语从句 (degree)(degree) 方式状语从句 方式状语从句 (manner)(manner) 目的状语从句 目的状语从句 (purpose) (purpose)

让步状语从句让步状语从句Adverbial Clause of ConcessionAdverbial Clause of Concession

11 ）） though, although, even if/thoughthough, although, even if/though引导引导

_________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sy_________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.mpathy with the working class.

AA) Although he is a ) Although he is a socialistsocialist B) Even if he is a socialistB) Even if he is a socialist C) Being a socialist C) Being a socialist D) Since he is a socialist D) Since he is a socialist

22 ）） as as 引导引导 Fool ___Jane is, she could not have donFool ___Jane is, she could not have don

e such a thing.e such a thing. A. who B. as C. that D. like A. who B. as C. that D. like 作表语用的单数可数名词放句首作表语用的单数可数名词放句首，前面不加，前面不加

冠词。冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.Child as he is, he knows a lot. 动词、现在分词放句首动词、现在分词放句首，谓语要补加助动词，谓语要补加助动词

do/does, will do/does, will 等。等。 Fail as he Fail as he diddid, he would never give up., he would never give up.

Try as you may, you will never succeed.Try as you may, you will never succeed. as as 从句的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装；如果从句的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装；如果

主语是名词时，可以倒装。主语是名词时，可以倒装。 Difficult as Difficult as was the workwas the work, they finished it , they finished it

in time.in time. Difficult as Difficult as it wasit was, they finished it in time., they finished it in time. Young as Young as he ishe is, he is experienced., he is experienced.

33 ）） while, whereaswhile, whereas 引导，表示并列的转折。引导，表示并列的转折。

___I sympathize, I can’t really do very m___I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. uch to help them out of the difficulties.

A. As long as B. As A. As long as B. As C. While D. Even C. While D. Even

44 ）） No matter how / however No matter how / however 引导引导 No matter what = whateverNo matter what = whatever No matter where = No matter where = ？？

___he always tries his best to complete it ___he always tries his best to complete it on time. on time.

A. However the task is hard A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task isB. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task D. Though hard is the task

You can’t come in, whoever you are.You can’t come in, whoever you are. Don’t believe him, no matter what he Don’t believe him, no matter what he

says.says.

Whether…or… = Whether…or… = no matter whether…or…no matter whether…or… I am going whether it is raining or not.I am going whether it is raining or not. ““I hope I can find a good woman, no I hope I can find a good woman, no

matter whether (if) she is handicapped matter whether (if) she is handicapped or not,” he said.or not,” he said.

5) 5) 其它引导短语：其它引导短语： granted/granting that, granted/granting that, admitting (that), in spite of /despite the fadmitting (that), in spite of /despite the fact thatact that

Granted that he has enough money to buGranted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn’t mean he’s going ty the house, it doesn’t mean he’s going to do so.o do so.

He went out He went out in spite of the fact thatin spite of the fact that he ha he had a bad cold.d a bad cold.

条件状语从句条件状语从句Adverbial Clause of ConditionAdverbial Clause of Condition

引导词有：引导词有： if, unless, provided/ providing if, unless, provided/ providing (that), so/as long as, on condition that, s(that), so/as long as, on condition that, suppose/ supposing (that), given that, in cuppose/ supposing (that), given that, in case that, in the event that. ase that, in the event that.

This is an illness that can result in total bThis is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated. lindness ___ left untreated.

A. after B. if C. since D. unlessA. after B. if C. since D. unless

Supposing/ suppose he can’t come, who Supposing/ suppose he can’t come, who will do the work?will do the work?

She will go providing/ provided her She will go providing/ provided her friends can go also.friends can go also.

In the event that our team wins, there In the event that our team wins, there will be a celebration. will be a celebration.

In case it rains, do not expect me.In case it rains, do not expect me. Take a raining coat with you in case it Take a raining coat with you in case it

should rain. should rain.

时间状语从句时间状语从句Adverbial Clause of TimeAdverbial Clause of Time

引导词有：引导词有： when, whenever, after, as, whwhen, whenever, after, as, while, since, before, until, as soon as, now tile, since, before, until, as soon as, now that, once, directlyhat, once, directly 等。等。

____ to sleep than the telephone rang on____ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.ce more.

A) Hardly he had goneA) Hardly he had gone B) No sooner had he goneB) No sooner had he gone C) Not until he wentC) Not until he went D) Scarcely did he goD) Scarcely did he go Hardly /Scarcely… when Hardly /Scarcely… when 和 和 No soonerNo sooner

… than… than

She comes to me whenever she feels She comes to me whenever she feels lonely.lonely.

Once you object to a man, everything he Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.does is wrong.

Now (that) you mention it, I do Now (that) you mention it, I do remember.remember.

DirectlyDirectly he was out of sight of her, he he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her.wanted to see her.

I didn’t wait a moment, but came I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediatelyimmediately you called. you called.

The minute/ moment/ day, the first/ seThe minute/ moment/ day, the first/ second/last time, each/every/next time cond/last time, each/every/next time 都可引导时间状语从句。都可引导时间状语从句。

The day he returned home, his father The day he returned home, his father was already dead. was already dead.

地点状语从句地点状语从句Adverbial Clause of PlaceAdverbial Clause of Place

where, wherever, anywhere where, wherever, anywhere 引导引导 I’ll take you anywhere you like.I’ll take you anywhere you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is a will, there is a way. Put in articles where necessary in the folPut in articles where necessary in the fol

lowing passages.lowing passages.

原因状语从句原因状语从句Adverbial Clause of CauseAdverbial Clause of Cause

引导词有：引导词有： because, as, since, for, on the because, as, since, for, on the ground that, in that, now thatground that, in that, now that

I came to see you I came to see you on the ground thaton the ground that Mr. Mr. Anderson said that you were interested iAnderson said that you were interested in our project.n our project.

This is not a good plant for your garden This is not a good plant for your garden iin thatn that its seeds are poisonous. its seeds are poisonous.

Now that you are all here, let’s try and reNow that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.ach a decision.

结果状语从句结果状语从句Adverbial Clause of ResultAdverbial Clause of Result

so that , such that, with the result that so that , such that, with the result that 引导引导

I was in the bath, with the result that I I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone.didn’t hear the telephone.

His anger was such that he lost controHis anger was such that he lost control of himself.l of himself.

程度状语从句程度状语从句Adverbial Clause of DegreeAdverbial Clause of Degree

引导词有： 引导词有： so that, such that, as/so far aso that, such that, as/so far as, as long as, to the degree/ extent thas, as long as, to the degree/ extent that, in so far as, etc.t, in so far as, etc.

At that time politicians were not known tAt that time politicians were not known to the degree they are today.o the degree they are today.

I’ll help you in so far as I can.I’ll help you in so far as I can.

方式状语从句方式状语从句Adverbial Clause of MannerAdverbial Clause of Manner

引导词有：引导词有： as, as if/though, the way, howas, as if/though, the way, how She did her work ___her manager had inShe did her work ___her manager had in

structed.structed. A. as B. until C. when D. though A. as B. until C. when D. though

Do it the way you were taught.Do it the way you were taught. Do it how you can.Do it how you can. He paused as if expecting her to speak.He paused as if expecting her to speak.

比较状语从句也是一种方式状语从句。比较状语从句也是一种方式状语从句。 He woke up as suddenly as he had fallHe woke up as suddenly as he had fall

en asleep.en asleep. I have never seen so much rain as fell I have never seen so much rain as fell

that February.that February. I can walk faster than you can run.I can walk faster than you can run. You are a little heavier than when I saYou are a little heavier than when I sa

w you last.w you last.

定语从句定语从句Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause

which, that, who/whom which, that, who/whom 用法区别用法区别 先行词是不定代词时（先行词是不定代词时（ all, much, none, anall, much, none, an

y, something, everything y, something, everything 等）， 只能用等）， 只能用 tthat hat 引导。引导。

That’s all (that) I can do.That’s all (that) I can do.

先行词是先行词是 anyone, everyone, somebodyanyone, everyone, somebody 等等时， 关系代词多用时， 关系代词多用 who who 或 或 whomwhom 。。

Is there anyone here who can dance?Is there anyone here who can dance?

先行词被形容词最高级及先行词被形容词最高级及 first, last, only, vfirst, last, only, very, no ery, no 等修饰时，关系代词用等修饰时，关系代词用 thatthat 。。

He is the only person that I dislike in our He is the only person that I dislike in our class.class.

先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用 thatthat 。。 A victim is a person, animal or thing that A victim is a person, animal or thing that

suffers pain, death, harm, etc.suffers pain, death, harm, etc.

as as 同同 such, the same, as (so)such, the same, as (so) 连用，引导连用，引导限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句。

Such people as wish to leave may do so Such people as wish to leave may do so now.now.

Where = in/ at/ on +whichWhere = in/ at/ on +which This company has now introduced a poliThis company has now introduced a poli

cy ____ pay rises are related to performacy ____ pay rises are related to performance at work.nce at work.

A) which B) where A) which B) where C) whether D) whatC) whether D) what

同位语从句同位语从句Appositive ClauseAppositive Clause

接同位语从句的词有：接同位语从句的词有： answer, belief, concanswer, belief, concept, decision, discovery, problem, promisept, decision, discovery, problem, promise, statement, probability e, statement, probability 等。等。

同位语从句多由同位语从句多由 that that 引导，疑问代词引导，疑问代词 who, who, which, what which, what 和疑问副词和疑问副词 where, when, howhere, when, how, why w, why 也可以。也可以。

The news that he has won the game is exThe news that he has won the game is exciting.citing.

It is the question where we should have dIt is the question where we should have dinner.inner.

宾语从句宾语从句Objective ClauseObjective Clause

引导词有：引导词有： that, what, which, where, how,that, what, which, where, how, why, whether, if, whatever, whichever, w why, whether, if, whatever, whichever, whoeverhoever 。。

I’ll do whatever you want (me to).I’ll do whatever you want (me to).

““be+be+ 形容词” 后跟的从句形容词” 后跟的从句 afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, etafraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, et

c. c.

I am surprised ____ this city is a dull I am surprised ____ this city is a dull place to live in.place to live in.

A) that you should thinkA) that you should think B) by what you are thinkingB) by what you are thinking C) that you would thinkC) that you would think D) with what you were thinkingD) with what you were thinking

主语从句主语从句Subjective ClauseSubjective Clause

That they were in truth sisters was clear That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between from the facial resemblance between them.them.

Whoever comes is welcome.Whoever comes is welcome. It’s said that he had made a mistake.It’s said that he had made a mistake. How strange it is that the children are so How strange it is that the children are so

quiet!quiet!

表语从句表语从句Predicative ClausePredicative Clause

用在用在 bebe 动词或连系动词后动词或连系动词后 (look, remain, s(look, remain, soundound 等等 )) 。。

The question is how he did it.The question is how he did it. The trouble is that I have lost his addresThe trouble is that I have lost his addres

s.s. He looked just as he had looked ten yearHe looked just as he had looked ten year

s before.s before.

Twelve is to three___ four is to one.Twelve is to three___ four is to one. A) what B) as C) that D) likeA) what B) as C) that D) like

Practice Practice Above the trees are the hills, _____ Above the trees are the hills, _____

magnificence the river faithfully reflects magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.on the surface.

A) where B) of whose A) where B) of whose C) whose D) whichC) whose D) which

He is quite worn out from years of hard He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago. twenty years ago.

A) which B) that C) who D) whomA) which B) that C) who D) whom

Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the body. body.

A. what B. as C. that D. like A. what B. as C. that D. like

Barry had an advantage over his mother Barry had an advantage over his mother ___he could speak French. ___he could speak French.

A. since that B. in that A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that C. at that D. so that

It is not so much the language ___ the It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. book difficult to understand.

A. but B. nor C. as D. like A. but B. nor C. as D. like

He’s ___ as a “bellyacher” —— he’s He’s ___ as a “bellyacher” —— he’s always complaining about something. always complaining about something.

A. who is known B. whom is known A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known C. what is known D. which is known