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TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
Ba<ery Pack Longevity
Tom Saxton Chief Science Officer Plug In America
Ba<ery Health Factors • High Charge and Low Discharge • Charge Rate • Discharge Rate • Age/Shelf Life • Temperature (drive/charge when ba<ery hot) • Ba<ery Charge/Discharge Cycles
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
Ba<ery Cycles • One Ba<ery Cycle = Full Capacity In and Out • Model S: Either 60 or 85 kWh • Would like to know cumulaYve kWh – Miles driven is easy to measure (odometer) – Model S trip meter shows kWh from pack – Use trip values to esYmate lifeYme kWh
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
Model S Trip Meter Values
Finding Energy Use Per Mile
Model S Trip Meter Values
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000
Wh / Mile
Trip Miles Driven
Energy Use By Model
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000
Wh / Mile
Trip Miles Driven
40 kWh 60 kWh 85 kWh 85 Performance
Model S Rated Range
What Are Owners ReporYng?
Rated Range vs Miles Driven
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000
Full Trip M
ode Ch
arge • Rated
Miles
Total Miles Driven
85 Performance
85 kWh
60 kWh
Rated Range vs EsYmated kWh Used
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
Full Trip M
ode Ch
arge • Rated
Miles
Es;mated Total kWh Drawn From Pack
85 kWh
60 kWh
Model S Capacity vs Est. Pack Cycles
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Percen
t of N
ominal Full Cap
acity
Es;mated Pack Cycles
85 kWh
60 kWh
Tesla Roadster
5 Years of Data
Roadster Ideal Range vs Miles Driven
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Full Trip M
ode Ch
arge • Id
eal M
iles
Total Miles Driven
Roadster Capacity vs Est. Pack Cycles
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Pack Cap
acity
Es;mated Pack Cycles
Nissan LEAF
LEAF Rated Range* vs Miles Driven
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000
Rated Miles
Total Miles Driven *EsYmated from pack amp-‐hour reading
LEAF Capacity vs Est. Pack Cycles
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Percen
t of N
ominal Full Cap
acity
Es;mated Pack Cycles
Comparing Models
Capacity vs Pack Cycles
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Pack Cap
acity
Pack Cycles
Model S
Roadster
Leaf
Expected Capacity at Miles Driven
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
Pack Cap
acity
Miles Driven
Model S 85
Model S 60
Roadster
Nissan LEAF
Climate and Ba<eries
Nissan LEAF and Climate
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Pack Cap
acity
Es;mated Pack Cycles
82 and Lower
83 to 91
92 and Higher
Model S and Climate
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
110%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Pack Cap
acity
Es;mated Pack Cycles
82 and Lower
83 to 91
92 and Higer
Conclusions • Pack Cycles Have Biggest Impact on Capacity • Energy Efficiency Affects Miles Per Cycle • Climate Likely Unimportant for Model S • Age/Shelf Life? Too Early to Know • Need More Survey Data! • www.pluginamerica.org/surveys/ba<eries/
TESLA MOTORS CLUB Monterey, California 2014
Q & A
Thanks to Cathy Saxton