TEST # 1 (1st Half)

• Next Friday, 28 February 2014

• Covers only “Music of India” (chapter 1)

• Written only (no listening)

• Counts for 50% of Test # 1 (on syllabus)

THE ARTS & MUSIC in ISLAM

• Little music before Islam, except Poetry

• Visual arts limited to abstract figuration

• Music forbidden by Orthodox as article of faith (but….nothing in Qu’ran)

• Khandan – chanting of Qu’ran

• Musiqi – secular music (all other types)

KHANDAN vs. MUSIQI• Chanting of Qur’an

(vocal)

• Free rhythm(non-metrical)

• Improvisatory(or sounds like)

• Monophonic

• Sacred

• Traditional

• Uses Instruments

• Strict rhythms(metrical)

• Pre-composed

• Polyphonic

• Secular

• Westernized

Khandan or Musiqi?• Islamic Call to Prayer - [Islam Calls You] – YouTube

• 09-ESKİ ORDU MARŞI [HD] – YouTube

• Horon - Folk Dance from Black Sea Region of Turkey (Rize Kalkandere) – YouTube

• Taksim turkish Saz Baglama - Youness Lhorri – YouTube

• Sarı Zeybek - Sergio Pugnalin on bağlama saz solo – YouTube

• The Sufi Whirling Dervishes of Istanbul – YouTube

• Fella - Ya gelbi - Dvdrip - قلبي – - يا معاك نتحدث الجزائرية YouTubeفلة

• belly dancer in qatar – YouTube

• AbdEl Gadir Salim - Bitzid Min' Adhabi - YouTube

• Masters of Persian Music - Saz va Avaz (Nahoft) - YouTube

Khandan or Musiqi?

• Example 1

• Example 2

• Example 3

• Example 4

TAR

Sound Example: YouTube - Ramiz Guliyev - Tar

SEHTAR

Sound Example: YouTube - Hassan Kassai plays sehtar (1/2)

SANTOUR

Sound Example: YouTube - Ardavan Kamkar - Santour Solo

KAMANCHEH

Sound Example: YouTube - Iranian Traditional Kamancheh Performance

OUD (or UD)

Sound Example: YouTube - Taqsim Oud maroc

NEY

Sound Example:YouTube - Ney: Hassan Nahid (part 1 of 2)

DOMBAKor ZARB

Sound Example 1: YouTube - persian drum

Sound Example 2:YouTube - Persian drum (Rag-bar) farhad bazargan

Sound Example 3:YouTube - Persian Tonbak (Zarb) Solo

Sound Example 4: YouTube - Kevan Chemirani Zarb Solo

AN IRANIAN “CLASSICAL” CONCERT

• Pishdaramad – “before the introduction”

• Chahar Mezrab – “four hammers” (“flying hammers”)

• Avaz – (improvised) showpiece of concert

• Tasnif – (strophic) song(s)

• Reng – dance piece(s)

• NB. all organized around same DASTGAH (when played on the same concert)

Theoretical Terms to Know

• Radif – collection of all short pieces in a player’s repertoire (about 300)

• Dastgah – tunings, similar to scale (12 in all)

• Gusheh – smallest musical ideas (about 300) that make up the Radif

• Daramad – alternate name for first few important melodic ideas (give the Dastgah its name)

Examples of the Individual Parts of Iranian Classical Concerts

• Pishdaramad: YouTube - pishdaramad abuata (reza shafiean)

• Chahar Mezrab: YouTube - Osqueezadeh plays chahargah in Tahran

• Avaz: YouTube - Masters of Persian Music - Saz va Avaz (Nahoft)

• Tasnif: YouTube - Great maestro Shajarian, Tasnif: Chehreh be chehreh

• Reng: YouTube - Pejman Azarmina: Shahr Ahub Nava / Old Persian Dances