Tesztek Iras Kozep Bme

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    Angol rsbeli Nyelvvizsga

    Gyakorl Tesztgyjtemny

    Kzpfok !

    "#$ t%p&s' nyelvvizsgra ksz(l)knek

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    2

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    Kedves Nyelvtanul!

    A kzpfok rsbeli angol nyelvvizsgn azt vrk a nyelvvizsgztl "ogy bizonytsa "ogy #ind azolvasott szveg rtse #ind az rskszsg #ind pedig az angol nyelv$ szveg #agyarra fordtsa%kzvettse tekintetben rendelkezik kzpfok tudsszinttel& 'z azt elenti "ogy "a pldul egy eredetiangol nyelv$ (ikket olvasol vagy "irdetseket bngszel azokat #egfelel)en tudod rtel#ezni#egtallni benn*k a keresett infor#(is ele#eket& Az rskszsget tekintve szabatosan fogal#azva"elyes angolsggal #eg tudsz rni egy barti vagy "ivatalos levelet vagy fogal#azst& 'zen kv*l sztrsegtsgvel szpen le tudsz fordtani egy angol szveget gy "ogy az #agyarul is l "angozzon&

    +er#szetesen a sikeres vizsg"oz ne# tkletes #egoldst kell elrni "ane# a feladatok sszrtkttekintve ,-./ot #eg"alad telest#nyt&

    0ivel a kzpfok nyelvvizsgt #egszerezni ne# knny$ rde#es sokat gyakorolni azokat a feladattpusokat a#elyek el)fordulnak a vizsgn& 0inden nyelvvizsgn nagy el)nyt elent "a ott gy elen*nk#eg "ogy el)tte #r nagy feladat#egold rutint szerezt*nk&

    1e#nyeink szerint ebben tud ered#nyesen segteni Neked ez a gyakorlknyv&

    #unkt s sok sikert kvnunk!

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    *ontents

    Feladat tpusok.............................................................................................................................4

    +$T +est 3 4 5anguage ele#ents 3&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&6

    +est 2 4 5anguage ele#ents 2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7+est 8 4 1eading (o#pre"ension 3&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3-+est 9 4 1eading (o#pre"ension 2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&33+est 6 4 :riting&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&39+est , 4 +ranslation &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3,Answers Set 1..............................................................................................................................................18

    +$T ,+est 3 4 5anguage ele#ents 3&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&28+est 2 4 5anguage ele#ents 2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&26

    +est 8 4 1eading (o#pre"ension 3&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2;+est 9 4 1eading (o#pre"ension 2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2rorszg egy kis orszg kultrnak sok vonatkozsa elgg l is#ert szerte a vilgon& 'nnek#agyarzata visszanylik arra a szegnysgre a#ely r e#berek #illiit knyszertette kivndorlsra a3rorszg leg"resebbeJport(ikke egy nagyon stt #adne# fekete sr a Quiness&

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    +$T ,

    Test 1

    Language elements 1

    ra, itt

    +"e &&&=-?&&& a(tor rad Litt &&&=3?&&& #akes a lot of ot"er #en envious not least be(ause "e earns t"ousands

    of dollars for a &&&=2?&&& Hork and is alHays in (elebrity #agazinesO lists of Ut"e HorldOs #ost beautiful

    peopleO&

    Ie "asnOt alHays &&&=8?&&& a gla#orous life "oHever& efore "e got "is first &&&=9?&&& in IollyHood for

    eJa#ple "is obs in 5os Angeles &&&=6?&&& trying to attra(t (usto#ers to a restaurant by standing outside &&&

    =,?&&& a ("i(ken (ostu#e&

    Litt Has born in t"e state of Ckla"o#a in 3

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 1

    -& A#eri(an

    3&2&

    8&

    9&

    6&

    ,&

    7&

    ;&

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    Test 2

    Language elements 2

    h!%ias

    ApproJi#ately 3-. &&&=23?&&& suffer fro# so#e kind of p"obia &&&=22?&&& is t"e Hord &&&=28?&&& an eJtre#e

    fear of a parti(ular t"ing or situation &&&=29?&&& H"en t"e fear doesnOt see# &&&=26?&&& any rationaleJplanation&

    &&&=2,?&&& p"obias in(lude (laustrop"obia =fear of en(losed spa(es? agorap"obia =fear of t"e outdoors andopen spa(es? ara("nop"obia =fear of spiders? glossop"obia =fear of publi( speaking? and batop"obia=fear of "eig"ts?&

    +"ere are literally "undreds of re(ognised p"obias &&&=27?&&& #ig"t sound &&&=2;?&&& bizarreV for eJa#plet"ere is bibliop"obia =fear of books? te("nop"obia =fear of te("nology? and &&&=2

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    &&&=98?&&& so#e of 0rs ArnoldOs friends appear to see a funny side to "er (onditionV t"ey &&&=99?&&& "er a +/s"irt Hit" t"e #essage UQive Leas a B"an(eO &&&=96?&&& t"e front&

    0rs ArnoldOs friends arenOt alone &&&=9,?&&& okes about t"e sube(t of unusual p"obias& Dor eJa#ple H"enso#eone is seen &&&=97?&&& lazy you&&&=9;?&&& people suggest t"at "e or s"e is Uafraid of HorkO& :ell asyou &&&=9

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 2

    23&

    22&

    28&29&

    26&

    2,&

    27&

    2;&

    2

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    Test 3

    Reading comprehension 1

    Alre, !%el an, his leacy

    :"en Alfred Nobel Has 89 years old "e

    invented dyna#ite and 22 years later s#okeless

    gunpoHder& &&&&&&=3?&&&&&& IoHever pea(e is t"e

    sube(t of ust one of t"e siJ prizes t"at are

    aHarded ea(" year in t"e na#e of t"e Hedis"

    ("e#ist& &&&&&&=2?&&&&&&

    +"e Nobel Lea(e Lrize is aHarded by a

    NorHegian (o##ittee H"ile t"e ot"er five

    prizes are aHarded by Hedis" (o##ittees& &&&&&&

    =8?&&&&&&& Cne argu#ent suggests t"at t"e

    NorHegians "ad s"oHn a spe(ial interest in

    #ediation arbitration and t"e pea(eful solution

    of international disputes and Has t"erefore t"e

    natural ("oi(e&

    &&&&&=9?&&&&&& +"e first Ho#an to Hin t"e prize Has

    NobelPs friend ert"a von utter eJa(tly 3--

    years ago in 3

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    Test 4

    Reading comprehension 2

    0iddle (lasses eat #ore unk food

    THE diet of many Britons particularly among themiddle classes has got worse despite the millionsof pounds spent on healthy eating campaigns, astudy has revealed.

    +"e resear(" s"oHs t"at up to one/t"irdof ritons \ eYuivalent to 2-# of t"e

    population \ "ave in(reased t"eir (onsu#ptionof fried food& A((ording to t"e study H"i("tra(ked #ore t"an 33--- ]baby/boo#ersF for

    al#ost a de(ade t"e #iddle (lasses are eating#ore ("ips and fried food& 0any "ave spurnedH"ole#eal bread in favour of pro(essed H"itevarieties H"ile (onsu#ption of fruit andvegetables #ay "ave fallen despite pro#otional(a#paigns&

    (ientists say t"at t"e findings illustratet"e failure of su((essive govern#ents to (onveyeffe(tive "ealt" #essages to a population t"at isin(reasingly beset by lifestyle diseases& pendingon "ealt" pro#otion is at an all/ti#e "ig"& +"efood standards agen(ies in 'ngland (otlandand :ales (ost ^36-# a year Hit" anot"er ^;-#

    being devoted solely to pro#oting fruit ins("ools&

    @n t"e study resear("ers at MniversityBollege 5ondon eJa#ined t"e diets and lifestylesof 33893 people all of t"e# born in 3

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    Xuestions

    3& oes t"e govern#ent spend #u(" #oney on pro#oting "ealt"y eatingT =:rite Ges % No ?

    2& :"o Here ("osen for t"e studyT

    8& :"y Has t"is group of people ("osenT

    9& :"at did t"e sube(ts of t"e study "ave to doT

    6& IoH did people rea(t to "ealt"y lifestyle pro#otion (a#paignsT

    ,& :"at did "ealt"y lifestyle (a#paigns pro#oteT =a b (??

    7& :"at ("ange did t"e resear("ers find in (onne(tion Hit" t"e (onsu#ption of fried foodT

    ;& :"at ("ange did t"e resear("ers find in t"e nu#ber of people H"o never do eJer(isesT

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    Answer sheet

    Reading comprehension 2

    Question Your answer

    3&

    2&

    8&

    9&

    6&

    ,&

    a&?

    b&?

    (&?

    7&

    ;&

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    Test 5

    Writing

    Christ"as in unary

    An 'nglis" #agazine asked its readers all over t"e Horld to tell t"e# about t"e Hay t"ey (elebrateB"rist#as in t"eir (ountry& Gou "ave de(ided to Hrite a letter to t"e #agazine&

    @n your letter Hrite aboutV

    IoH He (elebrate B"rist#as in Iungary :"at traditional a(tivities and food He "ave A #e#orable B"rist#as (elebration and H"y it Has spe(ial for you IoH you are going to (elebrate B"rist#as t"is year

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    Answer sheetWriting

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    Test 6

    Translation

    The arlia"ent

    +"e MK Larlia#ent "as so#eti#es been referred to as t"e U#ot"er of parlia#entsO be(ause so#e of t"e

    (ountries t"at used to be part of t"e ritis" '#pire "ave politi(al syste#s #odelled on it& +"e MK

    Larlia#ent building H"i(" is situated by t"e river +"a#es in (entral 5ondon is per"aps t"e #ost fa#ous

    in t"e Horld& +"is is #ainly due to its distin(tive ar("ite(ture in(luding t"e i#pressive (lo(k toHer

    popularly knoHn as Uig enO& :"at #ost people donOt knoH is t"at t"e na#e doesnOt a(tually refer to t"e

    H"ole toHer but only to t"e "uge bell inside t"e toHer&

    +"e (urrent Larlia#ent building Has (onstru(ted in t"e 3

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    Answer sheetTranslation

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    N+0$1+ +$T ,

    Test 1

    Language elements 1

    rad Litt

    -& A#eri(an

    3& probably

    2& dayOs

    8& "ad

    9& break

    6& in(luded

    ,& Hearing

    7& in

    ;& "obbies

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    Test 2

    Language elements 2

    L"obias

    23&

    A

    22& A

    28& B

    29& A

    26&

    2,& B

    27& A

    2;&

    2

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    99& A

    96& B

    9,& B

    97& B

    9;& A

    9

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    Test 4

    Reading comprehension 2

    Questions Answers

    3&Ges

    2&33--- baby/boo#ers ` people born in 3

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    Middle classes eat more junk food

    THE diet of many Britons particularly among themiddle classes has got worse despite the millionsof pounds spent on healthy eating campaigns, astudy has revealed.

    +"e resear(" s"oHs t"at up to one/t"irdof ritons \ eYuivalent to 2-# of t"e

    population \ "ave in(reased t"eir (onsu#ptionof fried food& A((ording to t"e study H"i("tra(ked #ore t"an 33--- ]baby/boo#ersF foral#ost a de(ade t"e #iddle (lasses are eating#ore ("ips and fried food& 0any "ave spurnedH"ole#eal bread in favour of pro(essed H"itevarieties H"ile (onsu#ption of fruit andvegetables #ay "ave fallen despite pro#otional

    (a#paigns&(ientists say t"at t"e findings illustratet"e failure of su((essive govern#ents to (onveyeffe(tive "ealt" #essages to a population t"at isin(reasingly beset by lifestyle diseases& pendingon "ealt" pro#otion is at an all/ti#e "ig"& +"efood standards agen(ies in 'ngland (otlandand :ales (ost ^36-# a year Hit" anot"er ^;-#

    being devoted solely to pro#oting fruit ins("ools&

    @n t"e study resear("ers at Mniversity

    Bollege 5ondon eJa#ined t"e diets and lifestylesof 33893 people all of t"e# born in 3

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    Test 6

    Translation

    +"e MK Larlia#ent

    A Eyeslt ir/lys/ arla"ente

    Az 'gyes*lt Kirlysg parla#entt n"a gy e#legetik #int a ]parla#entek anytF #ert egyes

    orszgok #elyek korbban a rit irodalo# rszei voltak politikai rendszer*ket e #odell szerint

    alaktottk ki& Az 'gyes*lt Kirlysg Larla#entnek p*lete a#ely 5ondon kzpontban a +e#ze foly

    partn ll taln a leg"resebb a vilgon& 'z f)knt egyed*lll ptszeti szpsgnek kszn"et)

    belertve a leny$gz) ratornyot npszer$ nevn a ig en/t& A#it a legtbben ne# tudnak az az "ogy

    a nv igazbl ne# az egsz toronyra vonatkozik "ane# (sak a "atal#as "arangra a toronyban&

    A elenlegi Larla#ent p*lete a 3

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    +$T -

    Test 1

    Language elements 1

    A centenary cele%rati!n

    @f you Here asked to =-? name t"e HorldOs largest international &&&=3?&&& organization for young peopleHould you be &&&=2?&&& to give an ansHerT :"at if you Here told t"at &&&=8?&&& for#er #e#bers in(ludeavid e(k"a# teven pielberg Lresident Qeorge : us" ill Qates and eleven &&&=9?&&& t"e tHelveastronauts H"o &&&=6?&&& on t"e #oonT

    @f you Hant eJtra (lues "oH about t"e fa(t t"at t"e organization &&&=,?&&& its (entenary t"is su##er or t"att"e unifor# &&&=7?&&& by its #ale #e#bers often in(ludes s"ort trousersT +"e ansHer as any (urrent

    #e#ber of &&&=;?&&& organization Hill knoH is t"e (outs&

    +"e (outs &&&=

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 1

    -& na#e

    3&2&

    8&

    9&

    6&

    ,&

    7&

    ;&

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    Test 2

    Language elements 2

    Tennis

    Fiona

    @n t"e SSS&&& =23? @Ove really started to love tennis& 1e(ently SSS&&& =22? at least tHi(e a Heek

    SSS&&& =28? is really "elping #e keep fit& Cn a ni(e su##er evening t"ereOs not"ing better SSS&&&

    =29? going along to #y lo(al (lub SSS&&& =26? a ga#e& 0ost people t"ere are really ni(e so after

    SSS&&& =2,? @ SSS&&& =27? for a drink Hit" so#e of t"e#&

    @ like t"e fa(t t"at itOs a very psy("ologi(al ga#e 4 you need deter#ination and (on(entration& Gou (anOt

    SSS&&& =2;? H"en youOre out t"ere on t"e (ourt& @f t"e #at(" isnOt going Hell you (an easily get into a

    bad fra#e of #ind so you SSS&&& =2

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    Dave

    +ennis "as got SSS&&& =8,? one of SSS&&& =87? sports in t"e Horld& SSS&&& =8;? a little ball go

    ba(kHards and forHards for tHo "ours SSS&&& =8

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 2

    23&

    22&

    28&29&

    26&

    2,&

    27&

    2;&

    2

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    Test 3

    Reading comprehension 1

    $euees

    A refugee is a person H"o "as "ad to leave t"eir(ountry be(ause it is too dangerous for t"e# to

    stay usually be(ause of Har or perse(ution&

    A((ording to t"e #ost re(ent report by t"e

    Mnited Nations Iig" Bo##ission for 1efugees

    =MNIB1? t"ere Here about ;&9 #illion refugees

    in t"e Horld in anuary 2--,& &&&&&& =3? &&&&&&

    @n addition "oHever t"ere are also #any

    #illions of Uinternally displa(ed peopleO H"i("#eans people H"o "ave been for(ed to flee t"eir

    "o#es for t"e sa#e reasons as refugees& &&&&&&

    =2?&&&&&&

    +"e ter# Uasylu# seekersO refers to people H"o

    "ave arrived in anot"er (ountry and asked t"e

    govern#ent for per#ission to stay on t"e basis

    t"at it is too dangerous for t"e# to return

    "o#e& &&&&&&=8?&&&&&& @f t"e govern#ent gives t"e#offi(ial refugee status t"ey are alloHed to stay

    but if t"eir (lai#s for asylu# are ree(ted t"ey

    are for(ed to go "o#e&

    &&&&&&=9?&&&&&&& @n ritain for eJa#ple so#e

    se(tions of t"e #edia t"ink too #any asylu#

    seekers are alloHed to enter t"e (ountry and say

    t"at so#e of t"e# are not es(aping fro# danger

    but ust looking for a better standard of living&

    Ct"er ritis" people "oHever feel t"e (ountry

    lets in too feH asylu# seekers and say t"at so#e

    of t"ose H"ose asylu# (lai#s are ree(ted are

    genuine refugees&

    &&&&&&=6?&&&&&& +"ese people "ave been for(ed to

    (ross borders be(ause environ#ental (onditions

    "ave #ade it diffi(ult for t"e# to survive 4 for

    eJa#ple if t"ere is a droug"t or if far#lands are

    gradually turning into desert& e(ause of global

    Har#ing #any people predi(t t"at in t"e neJt 8-

    years t"ere Hill be a "uge in(rease in t"e nu#ber

    of people be(o#ing environ#ental refugees#ostly in poor (ountries t"at already "ave "ot

    dry (li#ates&

    A. As well as refgees who flee from war or perse)tion, there are also (environmental refgees&

    B. t is abot 415 fewer than the total )al)lated by the organization in 6110.

    C. The 78C9 611: report stated that Afghanistan was the )ontry of origin of the largest nmberof refgees, followed by Sdan.

    $. Asylm see;ers wait for the government to de)ide on their )ases.

    '. evertheless, they have not entered another )ontry.

    %. The sb+e)t has be)ome )ontroversial in some )ontries.

    Answer sheetReading comprehension 1

    3& 2& 8& 9& 6&

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    Test 4

    Reading Comprehension 2

    E:tre"e e,ucati!n

    Dor so#e people it is eJtre#e edu(ationV 3-/"our days (ontra(ts Hit" parents and verystri(t rules on be"aviour in s#all 2--/pupila(ade#ies& +"e result in a neH type of s("oolin t"e M is 3--. a((eptan(e of (ollege andtest results as good as t"ose in private s("ools&

    a#es [errilli prin(ipal of t"e Nort" tarA(ade#y in NeHark A#eri(aOs se(ondpoorest (ity saidV ]+"ese kids knoH drugs&+"ese kids knoH (ri#e and violen(e& +"eirfat"ers are in ail& :e "ave a s("ool (ulture

    "ere H"i(" is very different fro# t"e attitudet"ey "ave H"en t"ey first Halk t"roug" t"edoor& @tOs a (ulture t"at tells t"e# t"ey (an goto (ollege&F

    At t"e Nort" tar A(ade#y ("ildren likeB"aris# and Xueen/A#a s#ile politely as t"eys"ake your "and and Hel(o#e you in& About;6. of pupils are Afri(an/A#eri(an and

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    Xuestions

    3& :"at proves best t"at t"e Nort" tar A(ade#y is su((essfulT =a b?

    2& :"at per(entage of ("ildren pay for t"e s("ool #ealsT

    8& :"at do ("ildren first learn about rulesT =a b (?

    9& :"o are t"e t"ree parties in t"e s("ool (ontra(tT =a b (?

    6& IoH is a((ountability at t"e Nort" tar A(ade#y eJtended to tea("ersT

    ,& :"ere does Nort" tar A(ade#y get t"e ne(essary #oney fro# for its #aintenan(eT

    7& :"at is t"e ad#ission pro(ess based on at t"e Nort" tar A(ade#yT

    ;& :"at per(entage of appli(ants is fe#aleT

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    Answer sheet

    Reading comprehension 2

    Question Your answer

    3&

    a&?

    b&?

    2&

    8&

    a&?

    b&?

    (&?

    9&

    a&?

    b&?

    (&?

    6&

    ,&

    7&

    ;&

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    Test 5

    Writing

    ;!r

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    Answer sheetWriting

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    Test 6

    Translation

    Literacy

    eing able to read and Hrite is a skill t"at #any people take for granted& 0ost of us probably find it "ard

    to i#agine "oH different our lives Hould be if for eJa#ple He (ouldnOt read si#ple instru(tions

    understand stories in neHspapers fill in a for# or even sign our na#es&

    :e refer to people H"o (an read and Hrite as UliterateO and t"ose H"o (anOt as UilliterateO& +"ere is

    "oHever so#e disagree#ent about t"e eJa(t definitions of t"ese Hords& +ake t"e "uge nu#ber of people

    H"o arenOt unableto read and Hrite but find bot" a(tivities diffi(ult and tiring and t"erefore tend to avoid

    t"e#V t"ere isnOt really a (ategory for t"e# alt"oug" so#eti#es people #ig"t des(ribe t"e# as Use#i/

    literateO&

    +"e MN'BC esti#ates t"at t"ere are around ;-- #illion illiterate people in t"e Horld H"i(" is about

    32. of t"e total global population& +"e #aority of t"e# live in Afri(a and out" Asia& 0ore t"an ,-. of

    t"e# are Ho#en be(ause in so#e parts of t"e Horld Ho#en "ave less a((ess to edu(ation t"an #en&

    @n so(ieties H"ere people Hit" UloH litera(yO are a #inority t"ese people often feel e#barrassed and

    eJ(luded& +"e attitude of t"e #aority (an #ake t"ings Horse& @n ritain for eJa#ple a study s"oHed

    t"at #any people unfairly assu#e t"at if a person Hrites very badly "e or s"e is probably UunintelligentO&

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    Answer sheetTranslation

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    N+0$1+ +$T -

    Test 1

    Language elements 1

    A (entenary (elebration

    -& na#e

    3& voluntary

    2& able

    8& its

    9& of

    6& "ave Halked

    ,& is (elebrating

    7& Horn

    ;& t"e

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    Test 2

    Language elements 2

    +ennis

    23& A

    22& A

    28& A

    29& B

    26& B

    2,&

    27&

    2;& A

    2

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    99& B

    96& B

    9,&

    97& A

    9;&

    9

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    Test 4

    Reading comprehension 2

    Questions Answers

    3&a&? 3--. a((eptan(e of (ollegeb&? as good tests results as in private s("ools

    2&

    3-.

    8&

    a&? speak (learlyb&? ansHer Yuestions in full senten(es(&? look into t"e tea("erOs eyes

    9&

    a&? parentsb&? ("ild(&? prin(ipal

    6&

    +"e prin(ipal observes t"eir lessons and sends t"e# notes

    ,& Dro# t"e state

    7&

    A lottery

    ;&

    76.

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    E:tre"e e,ucati!n

    Dor so#e people it is eJtre#e edu(ationV 3-/"our days (ontra(ts Hit" parents and verystri(t rules on be"aviour in s#all 2--/pupila(ade#ies& +"e result in a neH type of s("oolin t"e M is 3--. a((eptan(e of (ollege andtest results as good as t"ose in private s("ools&

    a#es [errilli prin(ipal of t"e Nort" tarA(ade#y in NeHark A#eri(aOs se(ondpoorest (ity saidV ]+"ese kids knoH drugs&+"ese kids knoH (ri#e and violen(e& +"eirfat"ers are in ail& :e "ave a s("ool (ulture"ere H"i(" is very different fro# t"e attitudet"ey "ave H"en t"ey first Halk t"roug" t"edoor& @tOs a (ulture t"at tells t"e# t"ey (an goto (ollege&F

    At t"e Nort" tar A(ade#y ("ildren likeB"aris# and Xueen/A#a s#ile politely as t"eys"ake your "and and Hel(o#e you in& About;6. of pupils are Afri(an/A#eri(an and

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    Test 6

    Translation

    5itera(y

    -r/stu,/s

    Az olvass s rs olyan kszsg a#elyet sok e#ber #agtl rtet)d)nek tart& 5egtbb*nk sz#ra

    valszn$leg ne"z elkpzelni "ogy #ennyire #s lenne az let*nk "a pldul ne# tudnnk elolvasni

    egyszer$ utastsokat ne# rtennk #eg az sgokban a trtneteket ne# tudnnk kitlteni egy

    nyo#tatvnyt vagy akr(sak ne# tudnnk alrni a nev*nket&

    Azokat az e#bereket akik tudnak rni s olvasni ErstudknakF "vuk #g azokat akik ne# tudnak

    ErstudatlanoknakF nevezz*k& Azonban van n#i vita e szavak pontos #eg"atrozst illet)en& [egy*k

    pldul azon e#berek nagy (soportt akik ne# EkptelenekF rni s olvasni de #indkt tevkenysget

    ne"znek s frasztnak tallk gy #egprblk elker*lni )ketV az ) sz#ukra igazbl ne# ltezik

    k*ln kategria "abr n"a gy elle#zik )ket #int Eflig rstudkF&

    Az MN'BC be(slse szerint kr*lbel*l ;-- #illi rstudatlan e#ber van a vilgon a#ely a Dld

    ssznpessgnek #integy 32./a& 'zen e#berek tbbsge Afrikban s l/Zzsiban l& +bb #int ,-

    ./uk n) #ert a vilg egyes rszein a n)k kevsb utnak "ozz oktats"oz #int a frfiak&

    Azon trsadal#akban a"ol az ala(sony rstudsi kpessggel rendelkez)k kisebbsgben vannak ezek

    az e#berek gyakran zavarban vannak s kirekesztettnek rzik #agukat& A tbbsg "ozzllsa #g

    inkbb ront"at a dolgon& Nagy/ritanniban pldul egy tanul#ny ki#utatta "ogy sok e#ber

    igazsgtalanul gy gondola "ogy "a valaki rosszul r akkor ) valszn$leg buta&

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    +$T .

    Test 1

    Language elements 1

    ais@n (otland urns Nig"t (elebrations &&&=-?&&& pla(e in #any pla(es on or &&&=3?&&& 26t" anuary H"i(" is t"eanniversary of t"e birt" of t"e (ountryOs #ost fa#ous poet 1obert urns =376

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 1

    -& take

    3&2&

    8&

    9&

    6&

    ,&

    7&

    ;&

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    Test 2

    Language elements 2

    Strane=

    Monkey Business

    @n 3

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    Mystery Circles

    &&&&&&&&&&& =93? August 38t"2--3 an aHe/inspiring for#ation &&&&&&&&&&& =92? (ir(les &&&&&&&&&&& =98? on top of 0ilkIill :ilts"ire M&K& :it" a dia#eter of &&&&&&&&&&& =99? 9,- #etres and &&&&&&&&&&& =96? over 9-- (ir(les t"is istruly &&&&&&&&&&& =9,? (rop (ir(le ever seen&Alt"oug" t"ey are generally a((epted as &&&&&&&&&&& =97? by "u#ans t"ere are #any people &&&&&&&&&&& =9;? sayt"is parti(ular feat Has beyond "u#an ability& +"e average ti#e available to #ake &&&&&&&&&&& =9

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 2

    23&

    22&

    28&29&

    26&

    2,&

    27&

    2;&

    2

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    Test 3

    Reading comprehension 1

    The eatles

    @n 2--6 t"irty/five years after t"ey broke up

    The %eatlesHere na#ed by [ariety #agazine as

    t"e #ost i(oni( entertainers of t"e 2-t"

    (entury& &&&&&=3?&&&&&

    &&&&&=2?&&&&& After talking t"ey de(ided to play

    toget"er and be(a#e The )uarry#en& Qeorge

    Iarrison H"o Has a friend of Laul 0(Bartney

    oined t"e band in 3ennon was playing withhis band.

    C. ot a bad a)hievement for for wor;ing )lass boys from >iverpool, 'ngland.

    $. 8is wife o;o

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    Test 4

    Reading comprehension 2

    (irst An,es ciiliati!n e:'l!re,

    Ar("aeologists used radio(arbon dating to ("artt"e rise and fall of t"e little knoHn (ulture H"i("reigned over t"ree valleys nort" of 5i#a& +"eso(iety H"ose "eyday ran fro# 8--- to3;--B built (ere#onial pyra#ids and (o#pleJirrigation syste#s& +"e find (asts doubt on t"eidea t"at Andean (ivilisation began by t"e sea&W+"e s(ale and sop"isti(ation of t"ese sites isun"eard of anyH"ere in t"e NeH :orld at t"isti#eW said onat"an Iaas 0a(Art"ur Burator ofAnt"ropology at t"e Dield 0useu# B"i(ago&W+"e (ultural pattern t"at e#erged in t"is s#allarea in t"e t"ird #illenniu# B later establis"eda foundation for 9--- years of (ulturalflores(en(e in ot"er parts of t"e Andes&W

    +"e (ivilisation H"i(" Has ("ara(terisedby stone pyra#ids large (ere#onial stru(turesand agri(ulture spread over t"ree Hindy valleysin t"e Norte B"i(o region of Leru& +"ere Hereabout 2- separate residential (entres H"i("see#ed to (o#pete Hit" ea(" ot"er to produ(e

    t"e #ost i#posing ar("ite(ture / so#e (reatingbuildings as "ig" as 2,# =;6ft?& +"ey #ay even"ave "ad religion t"e resear("ers believe&W+"ey probably did "ave organised religionWsaid (o/aut"or :inifred Brea#er a Nort"ern@llinois Mniversity =N@M? ant"ropologist&WCbe(ts "ave been yielded H"i(" do point toreligion like ant"ropo#orp"i( figurines&W+"e an(ient so(iety "ad a (lose inter/dependentrelations"ip Hit" nearby (oastal settle#entsH"i(" Here un(overed #u(" earlier by

    ar("aeologists& +"e people of t"e inland NorteB"i(o area greH (otton H"i(" t"ey traded Hit"t"eir (oastal neig"bours in eJ("ange for fis"& @nturn t"e (oast dHellers used t"e (otton to #aket"eir fis"ing nets&

    Ar("aeologists "ave long knoHn aboutt"e settle#ents on t"e (oast in Leru& +"ey Heresi#ple fis"ing (o##unities and a(ade#i(st"oug"t t"ey represented t"e first (ivilisation inout" A#eri(a& ut (arbon dating proves t"einland sites of Norte B"i(o Here ust as old as

    t"e (oastal dHellings for(ing eJperts to reassesst"e idea t"at all early (ivilisations Here based byt"e sea&

    W@n Norte B"i(o t"e pat" of (ultural evolution int"e Andean region diverged fro# a relativelysi#ple "unting and gat"ering so(iety to a #u("#ore (o#pleJ pattern of so(ial and politi(alorganisationW said Alvaro 1uiz of N@M&W:it" t"is neH infor#ation He need to ret"inkour ideas about t"e e(ono#i( so(ial and (ulturaldevelop#ent of t"e beginnings of (ivilisation inLeru and all of out" A#eri(a&WAfter 3;-- B H"en t"e settle#ents Hereabandoned it is likely t"at t"e Norte B"i(o

    people #oved to ot"er parts of Leru taking t"eirinnovations and (ulture Hit" t"e#&WCne very likely s(enario is t"at t"ey took t"eirirrigation furt"er nort" and furt"er sout" to areast"at Here #ore produ(tiveW said LrofessorBrea#er&W@t is interesting t"at in t"e Bas#a valley H"i("is dire(tly nort" t"ere are even bigger pyra#idsand t"at Has t"e neJt #aor (ultural event&W

    Lrofessor Brea#er believes it is possible

    t"at ot"er #aor Andean (ultures like t"e B"avin(ivilisation H"i(" t"rived about 8--- years ago#ay "ave des(ended fro# t"e Norte B"i(o

    people or been (ulturally influen(ed by t"e#&IoHever t"ere is still so#e dis(ussion as toH"et"er t"e Norte B"i(o so(iety a(tuallyYualified as a W(ivilisationW itself& ifferentant"ropologists "ave different definitions of t"eHord and t"e Norte B"i(o people fell outsideso#e of t"e#&Wo#e people Hould say t"ey Here not a

    (ivilisationW said Lrofessor Brea#er& W+"ey "advery feH arts and (rafts for eJa#ple / t"ey Herepre/(era#i(& And if (ivilisation needsurbanisation / Hell He donPt knoH if t"ese sitesYualify as urban (entres yet&W:"atever t"e definition of (ivilisation LrofessorBrea#er and "er tea# are ust gladar("aeologists dis(overed t"ese "istori( sites

    before t"ey got destroyed by #odern agri(ulture&WLeru "as laHs to prote(t sites like t"is one butt"ey donPt alHays HorkW s"e said& W:e are very

    lu(ky He got to eJplore t"ese sites before t"eyHere buried under drip irrigation or ("i(kenfar#s&W

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    Xuestions

    3& :"ere Here t"e settle#ents of t"e re(ently eJplored so(ietyT

    2& :"at are so#e of t"e ar("ite(tural finds t"e ar("aeologists eJploredT =a b?

    8& :"at t"eory see#s to be Yuestioned noH be(ause of t"e findsT

    9& :"en Has t"e "eyday of t"e neHly eJplored (ivilizationT

    6& :"at finds see# to prove t"at early (ivilization "ad religionT

    ,& :"at kind of (onta(t Has t"ere betHeen t"e Norte B"i(o so(iety and t"e settle#ents by t"e seaT

    7& IoH did t"ey get food in t"e early yearsT =a b?

    ;& :"y donOt so#e ant"ropologists a((ept t"at t"e Norte B"i(o so(iety Has a (ivilizationT :"at

    argu#ents do t"ey "ave against itT =a b?

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    Answer sheet

    Reading comprehension 2

    Question Your answer

    3&

    2&

    a&?

    b&?

    8&

    9&

    6&

    ,&

    7&

    a&?

    b&?

    ;&

    a&?

    b&?

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    Test 5

    Writing

    (in,in acc!""!,ati!n

    Gou are a student& Gou Hould like to go to 5ondon and find a su##er ob during your s("ool "oliday& Gou"ave read t"e folloHing advertise#ent&

    5ooking for a roo##ate to s"are #y updated "o#e in1i("#ond& Dinis"ed Halk out base#ent Hit" bedroo#&:as"er%ryer on site Yuiet neig"bor"ood park ondriveHay%street (lose to #all& No pets please&

    :rite a letter in reply to t"e advertise#ent& @n t"e letterV @ntrodu(e yourself in a feH Hords +ell t"e oHner H"en and H"y you are planning to go to 5ondon Ask for #ore infor#ation about t"e flat and t"e roo# for rent Ask about t"e rent and ot"er eJpenses Gou Hould also like to see a feH p"otos of t"e flat if possible

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    Answer sheetWriting

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    Test 6

    Translation

    Lauhter

    A love of laug"ter is probably one of t"e t"ings all people "ave in (o##on& @s t"ere anyone H"o doesnOt

    like "earing a good oke or Hat("ing an a#using situation in a +[ sit(o#T

    0any s(ientists believe t"at laug"ter is not only an enoyable sensation H"ile it is "appening but t"at it

    also "as longer/lasting psy("ologi(al benefits by "elping people feel less stressed and #ore relaJed& @t

    see#s laug"ter also redu(es in"ibitions 4 #ost people Hill knoH fro# eJperien(e for eJa#ple t"at a

    s"ared oke (an "ave a bonding effe(t on groups of people H"o are feeling a bit s"y be(ause t"ey donOt

    knoH ea(" ot"er very Hell&

    Ler"aps #ore surprisingly it is also (lai#ed t"at laug"ter "as various p"ysi(al benefits for eJa#ple by

    burning lots of (alories and t"erefore fun(tioning as a for# of p"ysi(al eJer(ise!

    Cf (ourse alt"oug" laug"ter is universal not everyone laug"s at t"e sa#e t"ings& @n 2--2 a ritis"

    psy("ologist 1i("ard :ise#an (ondu(ted an online study in H"i(" "e invited people fro# all around t"e

    Horld to rate a total of around 9---- different okes& Ler"aps as you Hould eJpe(t "e found differen(es

    betHeen senses of "u#our in different (ountries but "e also found t"at lots of okes are able to (ross

    national borders&

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    Answer sheetTranslation

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    N+0$1+ +$T .

    Test 1

    Language elements 1

    Iaggis

    -& take

    3& near

    2& usually

    8& #anOs

    9& also

    6& drunk

    ,& rat"er

    7& 'ven

    ;& like

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    Test 2

    Language elements 2

    trange!

    23&

    22&

    28&

    29& A

    26&

    2,& B

    27&

    2;& A

    2

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    99&

    96& B

    9,&

    97& B

    9;& A

    9

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    Test 4

    Reading comprehension 2

    Questions Answers

    3& Nort" of 5i#a Leru

    2&

    a? (ere#onial pyra#ids

    b? (o#pleJ irrigation syste#s

    8&+"at (ivilization in t"e Andes began by t"e sea

    9&8--- B

    6&Cbe(ts like ant"ropo#orp"i( figurines

    ,&+rade

    7&

    a&? "unting

    b&? gat"ering

    ;&

    a&? +"e Norte B"i(o so(iety "ad very feH arts and (rafts

    b&? Not sure if t"e sites Yualify as urban (entres yet&

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    First Andes civilization explored

    Ar("aeologists used radio(arbon dating to ("artt"e rise and fall of t"e little knoHn (ulture H"i("reigned over t"ree valleys nort" of 5i#a& +"eso(iety built (ere#onial pyra#ids and (o#pleJirrigation syste#s& +"e find (asts doubt on t"e

    idea t"at Andean (ivilisation began by t"e sea&W+"e s(ale and sop"isti(ation of t"ese sites isun"eard of anyH"ere in t"e NeH :orld at t"isti#eW said onat"an Iaas 0a(Art"ur Burator ofAnt"ropology at t"e Dield 0useu# B"i(ago&W+"e (ultural pattern t"at e#erged in t"is s#allarea in t"e t"ird #illenniu# B later establis"eda foundation for 9--- years of (ulturalflores(en(e in ot"er parts of t"e Andes&W

    +"e (ivilisation H"i(" Has ("ara(terisedby stone pyra#ids large (ere#onial stru(tures

    and agri(ulture spread over t"ree Hindy valleysin t"e Norte B"i(o region of Leru& +"ere Hereabout 2- separate residential (entres H"i("see#ed to (o#pete Hit" ea(" ot"er to produ(et"e #ost i#posing ar("ite(ture / so#e (reating

    buildings as "ig" as 2,# =;6ft?& +"ey #ay even"ave "ad religion t"e resear("ers believe&W+"ey probably did "ave organised religionWsaid (o/aut"or :inifred Brea#er a Nort"ern@llinois Mniversity =N@M? ant"ropologist&WCbe(ts "ave been yielded H"i(" do point toreligion like ant"ropo#orp"i( figurines&W+"e an(ient so(iety "ad a (lose inter/dependentrelations"ip Hit" nearby (oastal settle#entsH"i(" Here un(overed #u(" earlier byar("aeologists& +"e people of t"e inland NorteB"i(o area greH (otton H"i(" t"ey traded Hit"t"eir (oastal neig"bours in eJ("ange for fis"& @nturn t"e (oast dHellers used t"e (otton to #aket"eir fis"ing nets&

    Ar("aeologists "ave long knoHn about

    t"e settle#ents on t"e (oast in Leru& +"ey Heresi#ple fis"ing (o##unities and a(ade#i(st"oug"t t"ey represented t"e first (ivilisation inout" A#eri(a& ut (arbon dating proves t"einland sites of Norte B"i(o Here ust as old ast"e (oastal dHellings for(ing eJperts to reassesst"e idea t"at all early (ivilisations Here based byt"e sea&

    W@n Norte B"i(o t"e pat" of (ultural evolution int"e Andean region diverged fro# a relativelysi#ple "unting and gat"ering so(iety to a #u("#ore (o#pleJ pattern of so(ial and politi(alorganisationW said Alvaro 1uiz of N@M&

    W:it" t"is neH infor#ation He need to ret"inkour ideas about t"e e(ono#i( so(ial and (ulturaldevelop#ent of t"e beginnings of (ivilisation inLeru and all of out" A#eri(a&WAfter 3;-- B H"en t"e settle#ents Hereabandoned it is likely t"at t"e Norte B"i(o

    people #oved to ot"er parts of Leru taking t"eirinnovations and (ulture Hit" t"e#&WCne very likely s(enario is t"at t"ey took t"eirirrigation furt"er nort" and furt"er sout" to areast"at Here #ore produ(tiveW said Lrofessor

    Brea#er&W@t is interesting t"at in t"e Bas#a valley H"i("is dire(tly nort" t"ere are even bigger pyra#idsand t"at Has t"e neJt #aor (ultural event&W

    Lrofessor Brea#er believes it is possiblet"at ot"er #aor Andean (ultures like t"e B"avin(ivilisation H"i(" t"rived about 8--- years ago#ay "ave des(ended fro# t"e Norte B"i(o

    people or been (ulturally influen(ed by t"e#&IoHever t"ere is still so#e dis(ussion as toH"et"er t"e Norte B"i(o so(iety a(tuallyYualified as a W(ivilisationW itself& ifferentant"ropologists "ave different definitions of t"eHord and t"e Norte B"i(o people fell outsideso#e of t"e#&Wo#e people Hould say t"ey Here not a(ivilisationW said Lrofessor Brea#er& W+"ey "advery feH arts and (rafts for eJa#ple / t"ey Here

    pre/(era#i(& And if (ivilisation needsurbanisation / Hell He donPt knoH if t"ese sitesYualify as urban (entres yet&W

    :"atever t"e definition of (ivilisation LrofessorBrea#er and "er tea# are ust gladar("aeologists dis(overed t"ese "istori( sites

    before t"ey got destroyed by #odern agri(ulture&WLeru "as laHs to prote(t sites like t"is one butt"ey donPt alHays HorkW s"e said& W:e are verylu(ky He got to eJplore t"ese sites before t"eyHere buried under drip irrigation or ("i(kenfar#s&W

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    Test 6

    Translation

    5aug"ter

    eet>s

    A nevets szeretete valszn$leg egyike azoknak a dolgoknak a#elyek #inden e#berben kzsek& [an

    valaki aki ne szeretne "allani egy vi((et vagy #egnzni egy #ulatsgos "elyzetet egy tvs

    sorozatbanT

    ok tuds gy gondola "ogy a nevets ne# (supn akkor kelt kelle#es rzst a#ikor #egtrtnik

    "ane# "osszabb tv pszi("olgiai el)nyei is vannak azltal "ogy segt az e#bereknek oldani a

    fesz*ltsget s obban ellazulni& gy t$nik "ogy ezen kv*l a nevets olda a gtlsokat is 4 a legtbbe#ber pldul tapasztalatbl tuda "ogy egy a tbbiekkel #egosztott vi((nek #ilyen sszekov(sol

    eree van egy olyan (soport tagai kztt akik ki(sit flnken viselkednek #ivel ne# is#erik egy#st tl

    l&

    +aln #eglep)bb az "ogy a nevetsr)l azt is lltk k*lnfle pozitv fizikai "atsai is vannak pldul

    azltal "ogy sok kalrit get el s ezrt gy "at #int a test#ozgs egy for#a!

    +er#szetesen annak ellenre "ogy a nevets univerzlis ne# #indenki ugyanazokon a dolgokon nevet&

    2--2/ben egy brit pszi("olgus 1i("ard :ise#an elvgzett egy internetes fel#rst #elyben a vilg

    #inden trl arra krte az e#bereket "ogy rtkelenek sszesen #integy 9- ezer k*lnbz) vi((et&

    0int a"ogy azt taln vrnnk is k*lnbsgeket tallt az egyes orszgok "u#orrzke kztt de egyben

    azt is #egllaptotta "ogy sok vi(( kpes lednteni a ne#zetisgi "atrokat&

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    +$T /

    Test 1

    Language elements 1

    Australia

    Australia lies &&&=-?&&& t"e @ndian and t"e out" La(ifi( o(eans sout" of @ndonesia and Lapua NeH Quinea&+"e &&&=3?&&& (ountry to t"e east of Australia&&&=2?&&& NeH ealand& &&&=8?&&& it is sout" of t"e eYuator t"eseasons in Australia are t"e opposite of &&&=9?&&& in 'urope and Nort" A#eri(aV itOs Hinter in Australia &&&=6?&&& itOs su##er in 'urope and vi(e versa&

    Australia is t"e siJt" largest (ountry in t"e Horld after 1ussia Banada B"ina t"e MA and razil but &&&=,?&&& "as a population &&&=7?&&& about 2-&6 #illion 4 t"is #eans t"ere are 63 (ountries in t"e Horld &&&=;?&&&

    "ave #ore people &&&=

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 1

    -& betHeen

    3&2&

    8&

    9&

    6&

    ,&

    7&

    ;&

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    Test 2

    Language elements 2

    &a""a &ia=

    +"e #usi(alMa##a Mia- H"i(" first SSS&&& =23? in a t"eatre in 5ondon in 3

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    A fil# version ofMa##a Mia-(a#e out in 2--; Hit" t"e fa#ous A#eri(an a(tress 0eryl treep as

    onna and t"e fa#ous a(tors Bolin Dirt" and Lier(e rosnan as tHo of t"e #en SSS&&& =8

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    Answer sheet

    Language elements 2

    23&

    22&

    28&29&

    26&

    2,&

    27&

    2;&

    2

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    Test 3

    Reading comprehension 1

    ast oo!

    :"en #ost people "ear t"e Hords Ufast foodO t"eyprobably t"ink of ("eap "ot food sold in a pla(e

    H"ere t"ey donOt "ave to Hait #ore t"an a (ouple of

    #inutes betHeen ordering and taking t"eir first bite

    and H"ere t"ey (an eit"er Utake aHayO or Ueat inO&

    &&&&&& =3? &&&&&&

    &&&&&& =2? &&&&&& & +"e biggest ("ain of burger restaurants

    is 0(onaldOs& +"e first 0(onaldOs arrived in

    ritain in 3

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    Test 4

    Reading Comprehension 2

    ;e nee, a t!tal %an !n i!ry sales

    1i("ard 5eakey H"o Has dire(tor of t"e Kenya:ildlife ervi(e until 3

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    Xuestions

    3& :"at kind of pi(tures Here s"oHn on +[ all over t"e Horld about Kenya in 3

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    Answer sheet

    Reading comprehension 2

    Question Your answer

    3&

    2&

    8&

    9&

    6&

    ,&

    7&

    ;&

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    Test 5

    Writing

    A #agazine (alled 'nglis" +oday "as invited its readers to give t"eir opinions about t"e i#portan(e of

    learning foreign languages& :rite a letter to t"e editor& @n your letter Hrite about t"e folloHingV

    :"y you t"ink it is i#portant to learn foreign languages +"e different Hays and for#s of learning a foreign language =state s("ools language s("ools

    private tea("ers et(&? +"e advantages and disadvantages of t"e different Hays IoH He (an pra(tise a foreign language outside t"e (lassroo# =penpals ("atting on t"e @nternet

    Hat("ing fil#s reading et(&? +"e situation in Iungary (on(erning language learning

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    Answer sheetWriting

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    Test 6

    Translation

    ewspapers

    @t is probably true to say t"at t"e #aority of literate people around t"e Horld re(eive infor#ation fro#

    neHspapers al#ost every day of t"eir lives& As Hell as t"e "undreds of #illions H"o buy a daily

    paper t"ere #ust be at least as #any H"o get t"e ("an(e to read a paper boug"t by so#eone else or

    H"o ust glan(e at t"e "eadlines as t"ey Halk past a neHspaper stand&

    Cf (ourse t"ere are #any different types of neHspaper fro# t"ose t"at only (ontain UseriousO neHs to

    t"ose t"at fill t"eir pages Hit" s(andals and gossip often involving t"e personal lives of (elebrities&

    IoHever #ost of t"e# (ontain so#e politi(al and e(ono#i( neHs along Hit" se(tions giving

    opinions on re(ent events& Cf (ourse t"e lines betHeen fa(t and opinion is not alHays (lear as t"e

    ("oi(e of H"i(" stories to in(lude and "oH to report t"e# often refle(ts t"e politi(al perspe(tive of

    t"e neHspaper in Yuestion&

    0ost "istorians agree t"at t"e first neHspapers t"at looked si#ilar to todayOs versions appeared in 'urope

    in t"e early 37t"(entury& IoHever not #any people read t"e#_ t"e #aority of t"e population Has

    illiterate and t"e te("nology to print a large nu#ber of (opies per day did not yet eJist& Cne of t"e first

    papers to be(o#e available to a #ass audien(e by using a printing #a("ine (apable of printing #ore t"an

    a t"ousand s"eets of paper per "our Has ritainOs The Ti#esin 3;39&

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    Answer sheetTranslation

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