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Câu Điều Kiện1,Định Nghĩa Câu Điều Kiện
Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra. Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề):
Mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi là mệnh đề IF) là mệnh đề phụ hay mệnh đề điều kiện
Mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả là mệnh đề chính. Ví dụ: If it rains - I will stay at home. Mệnh đề điều kiện - mệnh đề chín
2,Các loại câu điều kiện:Type Forms Usage
0 If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh
1 If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall...... + Vo
Đk có thể xảy ra ở hiẹn tại ỏ tương lai
2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should...+ Vo
Đk không có thật ở hiện tại
3 If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/ could...+ have + V3/Ved
Đk không có thật trong quá khứ
Đk kết hợp
If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo
3, Loại câu điều kiện trong tiếng anh (1) Câu điều kiện loại I * Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 1
Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại.
Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
*Cấu trúc - Công thức câu điều kiện loại 1
If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu)IF + Chủ ngữ 1 + Động từ chia ở thì hiện tại đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ 2 + WILL + Động từ nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu có).Nói cách khác, ở câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai đơn.
Chủ ngữ 1 và chủ ngữ 2 có thể trùng nhau. Bổ ngữ có thể không có, tùy ý nghĩa của câu. Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước hay sau đều được.
Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, còn động từ trong mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn. Ví dụ:
If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you. (Nếu anh vào vườn của tôi, con chó của tôi sẽ cắn anh đó.)If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nếu trời nắng tốt, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.)*Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:Câu điều kiện loại 1 còn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật. Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra.
(2) Câu điều kiện loại II *)Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 2:
Câu điều kiện loại II còn được gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại.
Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, một ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.
*)Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 2If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu)- Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở bang thái cách (past subjunctive), động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở thì điều kiện hiện tại (simple conditional). Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) là hình thức chia động từ giống hệt như thì quá khư đơn, riêng động từ “to be” thì dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.Ví dụ:
If I were a bird, I would be very happy. (Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôi sẽ rất hạnh phúc.) <= tôi không thể là chim được
If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.) <= hiện tại tôi không có
(3) Câu điều kiện loại IIIKhái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 3:
Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ.
Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ), S + would + have + P.P- Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ phân từ, còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional). Ví dụ:
If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies. (Nếu hôm qua nó đến thăm tôi thì tôi đã đưa nó đi xem phim rồi.)
If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (Nếu hôm qua tôi không vắng mặt thì tôi đã gặp mặt anh ta rồi.)
NÂNG CAO:1. Câu Điều Kiện Diễn Tả Thói Quen Hoặc Một Sự Thật Hiển NhiênCâu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiễn nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra.học tiếng anhCấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại)
Tất cả động từ trong câu (mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề điều kiện) đều được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn.
Nếu diễn tả thói quen, trong mệnh đề chính thường xuất hiện thêm: often, usually, or always. Ví dụ:
o I often drink milk if I do not sleep at night. (Tôi thường uống sữa nếu như tôi thức trắng đêm.)
o I usually walk to school if I have enough time. (Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường nếu tôi có thời gian.)
o If you heat ice, it turns to water. (Nếu bạn làm nóng nước đá, nó sẽ chảy ra.)
o If we are cold, we shiver. (Nếu bị lạnh, chúng ta sẽ run lên.)
2. Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp:Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác nhau được dùng diễn tả điều kiện trong mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện với "If". Ngoài 3 loại chính nêu trên, một số loại sau cũng được sử dụng trong giao tiếp và ngôn ngữ viết:Ví dụ: If he worked harder at school, he
would be a student now. (He is not a student now) If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.3. Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo.Trong tiếng Anh câu điều kiện loại 2/3, Type 2 và Type 3 thường được dùng ở dạng đảo.Ví dụ: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals. Had I taken his advice, I would be rich now.Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện 1.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo
If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis
2. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
3. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.
If not = Unless.- Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện - lúc đó Unless = If not. Ví dụ:
Unless we start at once, we will be late. If we don't start at once we will be late. Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams.
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams.
Một số biến thể của câu điều kiện:Sau đây là biến thể có thể có của các cụm động từ trong các vế của câu điều kiện loại I:
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI I
A. Biến thể của cụm động từ trong mệnh đề chính (main clause)- Đối với trường hợp muốn nhấn mạnh tính có thể xảy ra sự việcIf + present simple, ... may/might + V-inf. Ex. If the weather gets worse, the flight may/might be delayed.- Đối với trường hợp thể hiện sự đồng ý, cho phép, gợi ýIf + present simple, ... may/can + V-inf. Ex. If it stops raining, we can go out.- Đối với câu gợi ý, khuyên răn, đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu nhưng nhấn mạnh về hành độngIf + present simple, ... would like to/must/have to/should... + V-inf. Ex. If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you.If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise.- Đối với trường hợp muốn diễn tả hậu quả tất yếu của điều kiện đặt ra theo quy luật hoặc thói quenIf + present simple, present simple. Ex. If you eat this poisonous fruit, you die at once.If you boil water, it turns to vapor.- Đối với trường hợp có thể xảy ra trong tương lai và nhấn mạnh trạng thái diễn ra/hoàn thành của sự việcIf + present simple, future continuous/future perfect. Ex. If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow. If you do your home work right now, you will have finished it in 2 hours' time.
- Đối với câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn ở mệnh đề chính)If + present simple, (do not) V-inf. Ex. If you are hungry, go to a restaurant.If you feel cold, don't open the door.- Đối với câu khuyên răn, trong trường hợp này không thực sự là một câu điều kiện bởi "if" mang nghĩa như "as, since, because"If + present simple, why do (not) + V-inf. Ex: . If you like the movie, why don't you go to the cinema?B. Biến thể của cụm động từ trong mệnh đề điều kiện (if-clause)- Đối với trường hợp đang xảy ra ngay trong hiện tạiIf + present continuous, simple future. Ex. If he is working, I won't disturb him. If you are doing exercises, I shall wait. If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.(tương đương simple future)- Đối với trường hợp không chắc về thời gian của điều kiện có thật mà nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất của nóIf + present perfect, simple future. Ex. If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help.- Đối với câu gợi ý nhưng nhấn mạnh về điều kiệnIf + would like to + V-inf, ... will/can/must/nothing + V-inf. Ex. If you would like to go to the library today, I can/will go with you.- Đối với câu đề nghị, gợi ý, bày tỏ ý kiến mang tính lịch sựIf + can/may/must/have to/should/be going to + V-inf, simple future. Ex. If I can help you, I will. If I may get into the room now, I shan't feel cold. If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid. If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an entrance examination. If you should see her tomorrow, please tell her to phone me at once. (tương đương probably)Lưu ý: Trong câu "if + subject + should + V-inf.", should có thể được đưa lên đầu câu thay "if"Should + V-inf., simple future. Ex. Should you see him on the way home from work, please tell him to call on me
Tương tự như vậy, ta có một số biến thể ít phổ biến hơn của cụm động từ đối với GIẢ ĐỊNH KHÔNG CÓ THỰC (unreal conditions loại II và III), tuỳ vào việc muốn nhấn mạnh và trạng thái diễn tiến hay hoàn thành của sự việc trong mệnh đề điều kiện hoặc sự việc trong mệnh đề chính.CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI II.
A. Mệnh đề chính (main clause)- If + past simple, ... would/should/could/might/had to/ought to + be V-ing. Ex. If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying in Hue tomorrow.- If + past simple, past simple. (việc đã xảy ra) Ex. If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost.- If + past simple, ... would be + V-ing. Ex. If I were on holiday with him, I would/might be touring Italy now.- If dùng như "as, since, because" có thể kết hợp với động từ ở nhiều thì khác nhau trong mệnh đề chính và không thực sự là một câu điều kiện. Ex. If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me?B. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause)- If + past continuous, ... would/could + V-inf. Ex. If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better. - If + past perfect, ... would/could + V-inf. Ex. If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now.CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI III
A. Mệnh đề chính (main clause) - If + past perfect, ... could/might + present perfect.Ex. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.- If + past perfect, present perfect continuous. Ex. If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would have been swimming in Doson last Sunday.
- If + past perfect, ... would + V-inf. Ex. If she had followedmy advice, she would be richer now.If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now.B. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause)- If + past perfect continuous, ... would + present perfect. Ex. If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the laundry *)Các trường hợp dùng "wish" thì cũng tương tự, chia làm 3 loại, cách dùng như bạn NHH đã nói ở trên và có 1 số biến thể tương tự nhé. *)Đối với trường hợp "if" được sử dụng như một liên từ dùng để bắt đầu một mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện về thời gian, lúc này "if = when". Vậy "if" và "when" khác nhau thế nào?- WHEN: được dùng khi diễn tả một điều gì đó chắc chắn xảy ra. Ex:. I am going to do some shopping today. When I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee.- IF: được dùng khi diễn tả một điều không chắc chắn (có thể hoặc không thể) xảy ra trong tương lai. Ex. I may go shopping today. If I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee.Lưu ý: Động từ chính trong mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ bắt đầu bằng "when" hoặc "if" luôn ở thì present simple mặc dù hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.Ex. When/If he arrives tomorrow, I'll tell him about it
REVISION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES II- Put each verb in bracket into a suitable tense1- It’s a pity you missed the party. If you (come)…….you (meet)………….. my friend from Hungary.2- If we (have)……..some tools, we (be)……….able to repair the car, but we haven’t had any with us.3- Thank you for your help. If you (not help)………me, I (not pass)……….the examination.4- It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy)……….it if I (have)………the money, but I can’t afford it.5- I can’t imagine what I (do)………..with the money if I (win) ……….the football pools or a lottery.
6- Mark isn’t a serious athlete. If he (train)…………harder, he (be)…….quite a good runner.7- If Claire (listen)………to her mother, she (not marry)……….David in the first place.8- It rained every day in our holiday. If we (not take)………..the TV with us, we (not have) anything to do.9- Jim is so untidy! If he (buy)………some new clothes, he (not look) so bad.10- I wish I(have)…….. the money to buy some new clothes, but I can’t afford it at the moment.11- I wish the government (do)………something about the air pollution in this city.12- I’m getting really soaked! I wish I (not forget)………..my umbrella.13- That was a lovely meal, but I wish I (not eat) ……….so much.14- Come on children! It’s time you (be)………..in bed.15- Actually, I’d rather you (not smoke)………..in here.16- Suppose you (see)………..a ghost, what would you do?17- I’m so annoyed about my car accident. If only I (be)………… more careful!18- I’d rather you (not put)………your coffee on the top of the book.III- Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown 1- I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet. I wouldn’t……………………………2- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone. Unless………………………………..3- In the snowy weather we don’t go to school. If………………………………………4- Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table. If…………………5- You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep. If you………………………..6- Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets. If……………………………..7- If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her. Unless……….8- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00. Should…………………………9- I wouldn’t accept if you ask me to marry you. If you were…………………………
10- What would you do if there were an earthquake? Supposing……………………11- If you do the shopping, I’ll cook lunch. You………………………………………….12-What would you do if you found some buried treasure? If you were……………..13- If Paul hadn’t been interested, the project would have been abandoned. But for….14- If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know? If you happen……..15- I might be late. If so, start without me. If I……………………………………………16- The fire was brought under control thanks to the night watch-man. If it hadn’t…...17- Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him. If a…………………………...18- If you want my advice, I’d think twice about buying a car like that. If I…………….19- If the painting is finished by Saturday, we’ll pay you extra. Finish…………………20- Getting up early makes me feel hungry. If …………………………………………..21- Please don’t eat in the classroom. I’d rather……………………………………22- I think we should leave now. I think it’s time……………………………….23- What a pity we ate all the food. If only we…………………………………………..24- It’s a shame we don’t have a TV. I wish………………………………………………IV- Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the word in the capital 1- If you do have any free time, could you give me a ring? SHOULD2- We won’t go away if the weather is bad. UNLESS3- I didn’t have the money, so I didn’t buy a new suit. WOULD4- If you hurry up, you won’t be late. GOING
5- If they offered you the job, would you accept? WERE6- If you are in London by any chance, come and see me. HAPPEN7- Without you, I would have given up years ago. BEEN8- Please take a seat, and I’ll inquire for you. WILL9- Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it. UNLESS10- I wasn’t tall enough to reach the shelf. TALLER11- If the ship sank, what would you do? WERE12- If you should notice what’s on at the cinema, let me know. HAPPEN13- If you hadn’t encouraged me, I would have given up. BUT14- I don’t have any money, so I can’t lend you any. IF15- But for Helen, the play would be a flop. WEREV- Choose the best option1- It would have been a much more serious accident………..fast at the time.A- had she been driving B- was she driving C- she had driven D- she drove2- Can I borrow your car for this evening? – Sure, but Nora’s using it right now. If she ….. it back, you are welcome to borrow it.A- brought B- would bring C- will bring D- brings3- I didn’t get home until well after midnight last night. Otherwise, I……..your call.A- returned B- had returned C- would return D- would have returned4- If energy………inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.A- is B- will be C- were D- would be5- We………..the game if we’d had a few more minutes.A_ might have won B- won C- had won D- will win6- I………Alan with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.A_ hadn’t brought B- didn’t bringC- wouldn’t have brought D- won’t bring7- The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr. Mason………,I would have listened carefully.A- had been lecturing B- was lecturing C- would lecture D- lectured8- If you………to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A- listen B- will listen C- had listened D- listened9- ………….. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.A- Were I B- Should I C- I was D- If I am10- If I………the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.A- have B- would have C- had had D- should have11- I…………you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.A- would have visited B- visited C- had visited D- visit12- ……….more help, I could call my neighbor.A- Needed B- Should I need C- I have needed D- I should need13- ………..then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.A- Had I known B- Did I know C- If I know D- If I would know14- I didn’t know you were asleep. Otherwise, I…………..so much noise when I came in.A- didn’t make B- wouldn’t have made c- won’t make D- don’t make15- When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he………… my mind.A- would read D- had read C- reads D- can read16- If you………., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch TV, but I didn’t want to bother you.A- had studied B- studied hoc tieng anh online C- hadn’t been studying D- didn’t study17- I wish I………..you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.A- can lend B- could lend C- would lend D- will lend18- “Are you lost?” – “I think so. I wish we………..the map with us today.”A- were bringing B- brought C- had brought D- would bring19- If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I…………..in a bank.A- work B- will work C- have worked D- would be working20- What………..today if you hadn’t come here this weekend?” – “I guess I’d be putting on extra hours at my office.”A- did you do - can you doC- will you be doing D- would you be doingVI: Hoàn thành các câu sau với các các từ ở trong ngoặc câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3
1) If we meet at 9:30, we...........(to have) plenty of time.2) Lisa would find the milk if she...........(to look) in the fridge.3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she...........(to feed) the animals.4) If you spoke louder, your classmates...........(to understand) you.5) Dan...........(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.6) You...........(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.7) If you...........(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.8) The door will unlock if you...........(to press) the green button.9) If Mel...........(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.10) I...........(to call) the office if I was/were you.11) If we...........(to send) an invitation, our friends...........(to come) to our party.12) He...........(not/to understand) you if you (to whisper).13) They...........(not/to survive) in the desert if they...........(not/to take) extra water with them.14) If you...........(to press) CTRL + s, you...........(to save) the file.15) You...........(to cross) the Channel if you...........(to fly) from Paris to London.16) Fred...........(to answer) the phone if his wife (to have) a bath.17) If Claire...........(to wear) this dress at the party, our guests...........(not/to stay) any longer.18) If I...........(to touch) this snake, my girlfriend...........(not/to scream).19) She...........(to forget) to pick you up if you (not/to phone) her.20) I...........(to remember) you if you...........(to give) me a photo.21) If you...........(to help) your grandma, I...........(to do) the shopping.22) Andrew...........(to water) the flowers if he...........(to stay) at home.23) If she...........(to have) 5 pounds more, she...........(to buy) herself this T-shirt.24) If they...........(to offer) me the job, I...........(to take) it.25) You...........(to have) summer holidays from June till August if you...........(to live) in the USA.26) We...........(to sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron...........(to repair) it.27) If you...........(to use) a pencil, the drawing...........(to be) perfect.28) The children...........(to be) happy if he...........(to teach) them English.29) If Ireen...........(to visit) us, we...........(to go) out tonight.30) They...........(to come) again if he...........(to plan) a second stay.
31) If you...........(to check) the car, it (not/to break) down in the middle of the desert.32) If it...........(not/to rain), the children (to play) outside.33) If my parents...........(not/to be) so tired, they...........(to watch) the film on TV.
34) If she...........(to buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/to lose) all data.35) If we...........(to use) the town map, we...........(not/to get) lost.36) If Tom...........(to eat) more salad, he (not/to catch) a cold.37) If the police...........(not/to stop) me, I...........(to reach) you in time.38) If his older brother...........(not/to drive) so fast, he...........(not/to crash) into the other car.39) If Fred...........(not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher...........(not/to phone) his father.40) If I...........(not/to switch off) the radio, I...........(to know) about the second goal
Đáp án Bài VI.1)will have2) looked3) had fed4) would understand5) would arrive6) would have had7) swim8) press9) had asked10) would call
11.send/will come 12.will not understand/whisper.
13.will not survive/do not take 14 press/will save 15. will cross/fly
16.will answer/has 17.wears/will not stay
18.touch/will not scream. 19.will forget/do not phone 20. will remember/give
21) If you helped your grandma, I would do the shopping.22) Andrew would water the flowers if he stayed at home.23) If she had 5 pounds more, she would buy herself this T-shirt.24) If they offered me the job, I would take it.25) You would have summer holidays from June till August if you lived in the USA.
26) We would sell the bike for 20 Euros if Ron repaired it.27) If you used a pencil, the drawing would be perfect.28) The children would be happy if he taught them English.29) If Ireen visited us, we would go out tonight.30) They would come again if he planned a second stay.31) If you had checked the car, it would not have broken down in the middle of the desert.32) If it had not rained, the children would have played outside.33) If my parents had not been so tired, they would have watched the film on TV.34) If she had bought a new hard disk, she would not have lost all data.35) If we had used the town map, we would not have got lost.36) If Tom had eaten more salad, he would not have caught a cold.37) If the police had not stopped me, I would have reached you in time.38) If his older brother had not driven so fast, he would not have crashed into the other car.39) If Fred had not cheated at the test, his teacher would not have phoned his father.40) If I had not switched off the radio, I would have known about the second goal.
VII. Bài tập trắc nghiệm 1-If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.A-have B-would have C-had had D-should have
2-I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.A-would have visited B-visited C-had visited D-visit
3-………more help,I could call my neighbor.A-needed B-should I need C-I have neeeded D-I should need
4-………then what I know today,I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.A-had I known B-did I know C-If I know D- If I would know
5-Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people…….the same language?A-spoke B-speak C-had spoken D-will speak
6-If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this,……this incident again.A- I will never mention B-I never mention C-will I never mention D-I don’t mention
7-I didn’t know you were asleep.Otherwise,I…….so much noise when I came in.A-didn’t make B-wouldn’t have made C-won’t make D-don’t make
8-Unless you ……all of my questions,I can’t do anything to help you.A-answered B-answer C-would answer D-are answering
9-Had you told me that this was going to happen, I…….it.A-would have never believed B-don’t believe C-hadn’t believed D-can’t believe
10-If Jake……..to go on the trip, would you have gone?A-doesn’t agree B-didn’t agree C-hadn’t agree D-wouldn’t agree11-When I stopped talking,Sam finished my sentence for me as though he …..my mind.A-would read B-had read C-reads D-can read
12-if you……., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch T.V,but I didn’t want to bother you.A-had studied B-studied C-hadn’t been studying D-didn’t study
13-I wish I…….you some money for your rent,but I’m broke myself.A-can lend B-would lend C-could lend D-will lend
14-If someone ……in to the store,smile and say, “May I help you?”A-comes B-came C-would come D-could come
15-“Here ‘s my phone number”.“Thanks.I ‘ll give you a call if I …….some help tomorrow”
A-will need B-need C-would need D-needed
16-If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I….in a bank.A-work B-will work C-have worked D-would be working
17-The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions ……improved.A-was B-is C-were d-had been
18-The education in Japan……..if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration.A-would go down B-would have gone down C-went down D-had gone down
19-If there…….the ricefields could have been more productive.A-had been enough water B-were enough waterC-would be enough water D-are enough water
20-the patient could not recover unless he ……an operation.A-had undergone B-would undergo C-underwent D-was undergoing21-If she …..him,she would be very happy.A-would meet B-will meet C-is meeting D-should meet
22-If he …..a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.A-had had B-had C-has D-has had
23-If I had enough money,I……abroad to improve my English.A-will go B-would go C-should go D-should have go to
24-The bench would collapse if they……on it.A-stood B-stand C-standing D-stands
25-If it……convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight,A-be B-is C-was D-were
26-If you……time, please write to me.A-have B-had C-have had D-has
27-I shouldn’t go there at night if I ….you.
A-am B-was C-be D-were
28-If I …….get a pole, I will go fishing.A-can B-could C-may D-might
29-If you had the chance,…….you go fishing?A-did B-may C-would D-do
30-If you …..a choice, which country would you visit?A-have B-had C-have had D-will have31-She will acept the offer if you persuade her.A-unless B-because C-provided that D-otherwise
32-If he were here,he would accompany you on the piano.A-Supposing he were here B-because he were here C-were he here D-Both Aand C
33-If she had gone abroad, she would have let you know.A-had gone she abroad B-had she gone abroad C-Because she had gone abroad D-while she had gone abroad
34-Trees won’t grow…….there is enough water.A-if B-when C-unless D-as
35-……….she agreed, you would have done it.A-if B-had C-should D-would
36-If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he ……in his examination.A-would fail B-wouldn’t fail C-wouldn’t have failed D-won’t fail
37-If I had taken that English course, I…….much progress.A-had made B-would have made C-made D-would make
38-If I were in your place, I….a trip to England.A-will make B-had made C-would make D-made
39-If you inherited a million pounds,what…….with the money?A-do you do B-will you do C-would you do D-are you going to do
40-If you……..as I told you, you…….in such predicament now.A-Did/would not be B-had done/had not beenC-do/would not be D-had done /would not be
41-Come and work for my company iif you…….better to do.A-have nothing B-will have nothing C-had something D-had nothing
42-If you had done as I told you ,I think you……….A-would succeed B-would have succeeded C-could succed D-had succeeded
43-If he had got half a mark more, he ……in the exam.A-wouldn’t fail B-wouldn’t have failed C-won’t fail D-won’t be failing
44-If it……… tomorrow, we may postpone going.A-rains B-will rain C-shall rain D-raining
45-If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you……sleepy now.A-wouldn’t have been B-wouldn’t beC-might have not been D-would’t have been being
46 - If you …….as I told you, you ……….sorry now.A-did/would not be B-had done/had not been C-do /would not be D-had done/would not be
47-If I………I will let you know .A-am staying B-will stay C-do stay D-would stay
48-“Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas for the hollidays?”“No,but if I ……the time , I would definitely go”A-have B-had C-have had D-would have
49-“It’s really raining”“Yes.If the weather……, we’ll have to camp somewhere else”.A-would get worse B-might get worse C-get worse D-should get worse
50-“Why did you only send twenty dollats in the mail?”“If I had had more money, I ……..given you more.”A-will have B-would have C-would D-have51-“My boss made me work overtime again”.“If I were you,I……….my job”.A-would quit B-will quit C-must quit D-quit
52-“Thanks for your help”.“…….want more information,call again tomorrow”.A-were you B-had you to C-might you D- should you
53-“Remember the day I drove you to the airport?”.“If you hadn’t ……me ,I would have been late”.A-take B-taking C-took D-taken
54-“Sally finally got here from Chicago”.“If she had come earlier,we……taken her to the play”.A-would be B-would have C-had have D-would had
55-“I don’t know whether to take that mathematics course or not”.“If ………you, I’d take it”.A-I am B-I will be C-I had been you D-I were
56-“My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus”.“………,we would have picked you up”.A-had we known B-if we have known C-we had known D-if we did know
57-“It’s beginning to rain”.“……..,we won’t be able to finish the ball game”.A-If it stops B-should it stop C-unlees it stops D-if it didn’t stop
58-“Did you need help with your math last night?”.“If I had, I………you”.A-would call B-called C-would have called D-will call
59-“I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do”.“……..what you want and I can get it for you”
A-tell me B-if you would say me C-you will tell to me D-if you tell me
60-“John went to the hospital alone”,“If …….,Iwould have gone with him”.A-had he told me B-he had told me C-ha has told me D-he would tell me
Đáp án
1-C 31-C2-A 32-D3-B 33-B4-A 34-C5-A 35-B6-A 36-C7-B 37-B8-B 38-C9-A 39-C10-C 40-D11-B 41-A12-C 42-B13-C 43-B14-A 44-A15-B 45-B16-D 46-D17-C 47-C18-B 48-B19-A 49-D20-C 50-B21-D 51-A22-A 52-D23-B 53-D24-A 54-B25-B 55-D26-A 56-A27-D 57-C28-A 58- C29-C 59-A 30-B 60-B
XERCISE I: Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses
.1/ If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.
2/ If I had known that you were in hospital , I (visit) ________ you.
3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) ________ class regularly
.4/ If I (know) ________ his telephone number, I would give it to you.
5/ If you (arrive) ________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
6/ If he (study) ________ harder, he can pass an exam.
7/ She may be late if she (not hurry) ________.
8/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) ________ him.
9/ If you (speak) ________ more slowly,he might have understood you.
10/ What (you do) ________ if you got fat ?
Exercise II : Supply the correct verb tense.
1/ If you are kind to me, I (be) _______ good to you.
2/ He (come) _______ if you waited.
3/ If you (ring) _______ the bell, the servant would come.
4/ If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _______ him.
5/ If it (not, rain) _______ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow.
6/ If today (be) _______ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.
7/ If she had had your address, she (write) _______ to you.
8/ We lost the match. If you (play) _______ for us, we (win) _______
10/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _______ their work well.
12/ If I became very rich, I (build ) _______ a hospital for the poor.
13/ If he (give) _______ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again
.14/ He (not, have) _______ an accident if he had not been driving so fast.
15/ If she (write) _______ more carefully, she might not have made too many mistakes.
16/ You would have to stay in bed unless your health (improve) _______.
17/ If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.
18/ If I had known that you were in hospital , I (visit) ________ you.
19/ You could make much progress if you (attend) ________ class regularly
.20/ If I (know) ________ his telephone number, I would give it to you.
21/ If you (arrive) ________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat
.22/ If he (study) ________ harder, he can pass an exam.
23/ She may be late if she (not hurry) ________.
24/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) ________ him.
25/ If you (speak) ________ more slowly,he might have understood you
26/ What (you do) ________ if you got fat ?
Exercise III : Use “if“ in place of “unless“
1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining.-____________________________________________________________
2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bicycle.-____________________________________________________________
3/ You wouldn’t be able to do this exercise unless your English were good.-____________________________________________________________
4/ Unless we had enough rain, we couldn’t grow rice.-____________________________________________________________
5/ The fishermen couldn’t have caught a lot of fish unless they had had good nets.-____________________________________________________________
6/ I wouldn’t buy it unless I could afford it.-____________________________________________________________
7/ I would refuse to go unless they paid my expenses.-____________________________________________________________
8/ I don’t agree with his economic policy. I wouldn’t vote for him unless he changed it.-____________________________________________________________
9/ He wouldn’t have written unless he had heard news.-____________________________________________________________
10/ You might not have a terrible toothache unless you went to the dentist regularly.-____________________________________________________________
Exercise IV: Rewrite these sentences by using the condition sentence:
1/ She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree.
→ If _____________________________________________
2/ I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year
.→ If ______________________________________________
3/ He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task
.→ ______________________________________________
4/ I’ll have to work this Sunday, so I shan’t join your picnic.
→ If ______________________________________________
5/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt
.→ If ______________________________________________
6/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
→ If _____________________________________________
7/ She got bad mark because she didn’t learn hard.
→If ______________________________________________
8/ Be careful or you will make accidents.
→If ______________________________________________
9/ I got lost because I forgot the map.
→If ______________________________________________
10/ If anyone didn’t come, we would phone you at once.
→ Unless ______________________________________________
11/ They were very angry because their friends didn’t come on time
.→ If _____________________________________________
