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The Ars Nova
Musical Developments in the Fourteenth Century
• Ars novae musicae The Art of New Music)– Jehan des Murs (ca. 1290 – ca. 1350)
• Ars nova (The New Art)– Philippe de Vitry (1291–1361)
Music from Mathematics
• Perfection/ Imperfection• Modus, Tempus, Prolation
– Tempus perfectum, prolatio major
– Tempus perfectum, prolatio minor
– Tempus imperfectum, prolatio major
– Tempus imperfectum, prolatio minor
The Roman de Fauvel
• Gervais du Bus• Tribum/Quoniam/MERITO
[Anthology 1-24]– Philippe de Vitry – Isorhythmic motet
Isorhythm
• Talea (repeating rhythmic values)• Color (recurring melodic pattern)
Guillaume de Machaut(ca. 1300–1377)
• “Last of the trouvères”• “Greatest French poet of his age”
Guillaume de Machaut
• Felix virgo/Inviolata/ADTE SUSPIRAMUS [Anthology 1-25]– Isorhythmic motet– Musica ficta• causa necessitatis (harmonically necessary
adjustments)• causa pulchritudinis (chromatic adjustments made “for
the sake of their beauty”)
Guillaume de Machaut
• Chanson– “top-down style”
• Douce dame jolie [Anthology 1-26a]– Monophonic virelai
Guillaume de Machaut
• En mon cuer [Anthology 1-26b]– Polyphonic virelai– Texted cantus– Cantilena style
Guillaume de Machaut
• Tres bonne et belle [Anthology 1-26c]– virelai
• Rose, liz [Anthology 1-27]– rondeau
Guillaume de Machaut
• La Messe de Nostre Dame [Anthology 1-28]• Polyphonic setting of the mass ordinary– Cyclic mass ordinary• Kyrie• Gloria• Credo• Sanctus• Agnus Dei
Canons
• Literati • “connoisseur's art”• Machuat, Ma fin est mon conmencement (My
end is my beginning, and my beginning my end)
• Latin rota (“round”)• French chace; Italian caccia (“chase”)
Subtilitas
• Ars subtilior• Treatise by Philippus Caserta– “Subtiliorem modum” – composing with greater
subtlety– En remirant [Anthology 1-29]• Ballade• Lengthy passages of syncopation• Interplay of perfect and imperfect values• Superimposed and juxtaposed time signatures• Unusual note shapes
Subtilitas
• Chantilly Codex– Solage, Fumeux fume (Smoky Smoke)
[Anthology 1-30]• Rondeau
Trecento Vernacular Music
• Italian “1300s”• Madrigale– Vernacular poem– Two or more three-line stanzas and a ritornello
• Pomerium, Marchetto of Padua (1319)– Treatise on theory and notation
• Squarcialupi Codex (ca. 1415)– Compendium of Trecento compositions
Trecento Vernacular Music
• Jacopo da Bologna (1340 – ca. 1386)– Osellecto salvagio • Madrigal [Anthology 1-31a]• Caccia [Anthology 1-31b]
Ballata
• AbbaA (similar to French virelai)• Francesco Landini (ca. 1325–1397)– Non avrà ma’ pietà [Anthology 1-32]• “Landini cadence”• Intabluation of Faenza Codex
The Motet as Political Show
• Convergence of French and Italian styles• Northern European musicians employed in
Italian courts
The Motet as Political Show
• Johannes Ciconia (ca. 1370–1412)– Born in Liège, employed in Padua– Doctorum principem super ethera/Melodia su
avissima cantemus [Anthology 1-33]
The Motet as Political Show• Guillaume Du Fay (ca. 1397–1474)– Born near Brussels, employed in various Italian
courts and Pope Eugene IV– Nuper rosarum flores [Anthology 1-34]• Florence cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary• Symbolic durational proportions 6:4:2:3