THE BEST MODEL EXAMINATION ESSAYS TUYỂN TẬP CÁC BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH TRONG CÁC KỲ THI - FIRST NEWS

8/9/2019 THE BEST MODEL EXAMINATION ESSAYS TUYỂN TẬP CÁC BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH TRONG CÁC KỲ THI - FIRST NEWS

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The Best Model

Examinat ionE s s a y s

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ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú


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Exa m i n a t i o n E s s a y s

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NHÀ XUẤT BẢN TRẺ



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Lời nói đầu

w uốn sách ỉà tuyển tập gồm 52 bài luận với nhiều đẻtài khác nhau dành cho học sinh bậc phổ thông cơ sở và phổthông ừung học nhằm giúp học sinh nâng cao khả năng viếtluận thòng qua các ví dụ mảu.

Mục đích của các bài luận Không phải để học sinh saochép mà thay vào đó là hướng dẫn các em cách bố cục bàivỉẽt hợp lý, chẳng hạn như cách sáp xếp các luận đỉểm và dẫnchứng củng như phát triển ý thành đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh.

Chủ đé của các bài luận đa dạng và phong phú với cácnhóm đề tài: xã hội, môi trường, kinh tế và cá nhân. Theo thốngkê, đây là nhũrtg chủ đẻ rất thường gặp trong các kỳ thi vànhiêu bài luận ừong đây được trích từ các bàì làm của nhiềukỳ thỉ khác nhau.

Cùng với việc hướng đẫn cách tổ chức sắp xẽp luận điểmvà dẫn chứng, tuyển tập còn giúp học sinh bồi bổ vốn từ vụng.Không chỉ cung cấp từ vựng trong mỗi bài luận, sách còn giảithích ngữ nghĩa kèm ví dụ minh họa cách sử đụng cho các từ

vựng khó ở cuốỉ mỗi bài. Trong nhiêu truừng hợp, phản giảithích từ vựng còn cung cáp thống tin vé họ từ, chẳng hạn chobiết thêm danh từ đuợc thành lập từ một động từ nào đó. Ngoàira, nhiêu từ còn có phần chú thích bổ sung "Language Help" đikèm nhằm cung cáp thêm .thống tin về từ.

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Should smoking in public places be banned?

Som e countries, such as Singapore and the UK, havealready irrtroduced legislation which imposes a ban onsmoking in workplaces and other public places, other countriesare considering such a ban and this has given rise to muchcontroversy among the population of these countries.

My view Is that everyone has a right to work in a comfortable,dean, healthy environment and should not have to put up withother people's nicotine habit Smoking is a very antisocial habitwhich, at the very least can cause discomfort to others in theform of a smoky atmosphere and dirty surroundings caused bydropped cigarette ash on the floor, overflowing ashtrays anddiscarded cigarette ends.

Smokers also endanger the health of others. If people wantto ignore the dangers and go on smoking, despite the knowndangers; then that is their choice. However, it is now knownthat the inhalation of cigarette smoke by non-smokers, known

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n E s s a y s

as passive smoking, can lead to various health problems in thesame way that smoking can. It is unjust that smokers shouldbe allowed to have a deleterious effect on the health of theirworkmates.

Protesters against a smoking ban in the workplace claimthat such a ban is corrtrary to the human rights of smokers,but smokers are, in feet, infringing the human rights of theircolleagues by endangering their health and polluting their

environment

Smokers also complain that they have to go outside thebuilding to smoke in all weather conditions. They also claimthat smoking outside a building makes them look and feellike pariahs. However, that is the price they have to pay forpersisting in indulging in such an antisocial habit

The same no-smoking rule should apply to public placessuch as government offices, libraries, sport complexes andairports. People often have no choice but to go into suehbuildings and they have a right to have their health andcomfort safeguarded from the habits of others. Most airlinesban smoking and smokers have to resist the temptation to

light up during the course of the flight Why should they notdemonsừate the same level of self-corrtrol in public buildings?

The question of imposing a ban on smoking in public placesof entertainment has caused the most controversy. Restaurant

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n E s s a y s .

owners, publicans and brewers are vehemently opposed to itbecause they say that it will affect their livelihood and smokerssay that it will affect their enjoyment of an evening out Non-smokers, they say, need not go into a smoky pub or restaurant

However, these places of entertainment are also workplacesand the waiters, barpersons and other service personnel shouldnot have to put their health at risk by being subjected to cigarettesmoke. !n the light of this, Mayor Michael Bloomberg of NewYork has already announced a smoking ban in restaurants andpubs and Ireland has followed suit I hope that many othercountries will follow their example and impose a nosmokingban in ail public places.

VbcABULAKY S t u d y

controversy (nj sự bàn cãi trongdư luận: There has been a lot of conừoversy in the press about the suggested changes to the law on human rights, controversial(adj.) gây ừanh cãi: The decision to dose the local school is ơn

extremely controversial one.

deleterious (adj.) có hại: The closure of the fadory has had a deleterious effect on the economy of the whole town.

follow suit xem su it

indulge in (V.) tận hưởng, xảláng: I'm supposed to be on a diet but I'm going to indulge in a large tub of chocolate ice cream and start my diet again tomorrow

infringe (v) xâm phạm: It VVỮSfeared that the new president would attempt to inừinge the right of the people to fteedom of

speech.

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.T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n E s s a y s

inhalation (n.) sự hít vao:The inhalation of unpleasant

chemical fumes is one of the disadvantages of this job. inhale(v.) hít vào: As we sat in the traffic queue, we were inhaling the fumes from the car in front

legislation (n.) luật, pháp ché:Some people think that we need

new legislation to stop the import of illegal goods.

light light up (v.) chắm thuốc lá: As soon as the meal had come to an end, Jim and Mark lit up.

pariah (n.) người ngoài lè / am

tíie only person over 30 who works there and I am made to feel like a pariah.

persist in (v.) cố chấp làm điềugì: Bod persists in ieaving his car

outside his neighbour's house even though he knows that it annoys he I

suit, follow (v.) làm theo (hành ổộng đã đuọc đỏ ỉàm truởc}. Little Lucy began to ay and the rest of the children followed suit

vehementfy (adv.) một cáchmãnh liệt kịch íỉệt Mơry wơs accused of spreading rumours about Anna>but she vehemently denied ửìis. vehement (adj.) mãnh liệt kịch liệt We showed vehement opposition to the

proposed new shopping mall' but the mail was built anyhow.

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m in a t io n E s s a y s ,

W h a t Do Y o u T h i n k ?

1. Why do people smoke?2. How would you discourage smokers from smoking in the

first place?

3. How could the ban be enforced effectively In yourcountry?

4. Should the ban be extended to public parks?

5. Should smokers of cigars be ữeated differently fromcigarette smokers?

6. Đo you think increasing the tax on cigarettes woulddiscourage smoking among habitual smokers?

7/ Under what circumstances should smoking be allowed?

8. Should non-smokers suffer in silence at home when otherfamily members smoke?

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Why people are

living longer

in the developed counừỉes at least the life expectancy ofpeople has increased quite considerably over recent decades.More and more people are living into their eighties and eventheir nineties and there are various reasons for this.

Medical advances have done much to prolong people'slives. Improved diagnostic techniques have made it possible fordoctors to detect the signs of disease much earlier than before.

This enables them to treat conditions at a much earlier stageand early intervention, particularly in the case of some cancers,can do much to save lives.

Many countries have developed screening programmes toenable doctors to identify certain diseases. An early example ofthis was the introduction of mass screening by chest X-ray fortuberculosis. More recently in several countries, women over acertain age are asked to have a mammogram, an X-ray of thebreasts taken every two years or so as a means of detectingbreast cancer.

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Some governments have inừoduced health educationprogrammes. This has been done to make people more aware

of their bodies and of any changes which may occur. Peopleare thus much better Informed and are more likely to visit theirdoctors early enough to prevent diseases from becoming fatal.

There have been major advances in medical ừeatmentas well as in medical diagnosis in recent decades. Moreand more sophisticated drugs arc used to treat cardiac

disease, hypertension and strokes, more technically Knownas cerebrovascular accidents. These drugs prevent peoplefrom dying of such conditions at an early age. Meanwhile,chemotherapy and improved forms of radiotherapy are savingthe lives of many cancer patients.

Advances in surgical techriiques also prevent many people

from dying at a relatively young age. One of the most majoradvances was the ỉnừoduction of ừansplant surgery by DrChristiaan Barnard that has saved so many lives.

There is no doubt that better medical care has done muchto keep people alive longer. However, it is not the only reason forincreased lifespans. Better living conditions have also played a

part More people in the developed world now live in warm, dryaccommodation and are much healthier because of this.

Then there is the fact that more people are now betterinformed about nutrition and arc more able to afford the

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J h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n E s s a y s

ingredients of a healthy diet Eating the right foods, such asfruits and vegetables can, for example, do much to' preventpeople from developing high levels of cholesterol, thought tobe a factor in the occurrence of heart diseases and strokes.In addition, more people are also better informed about whatrepresents a danger to their health, such as smoking, and areactively trying to avoid such dangers.

The tendency towards longer lifespans looks set tocontinue as medicine introduces more and more life-savingtechniques. However, with people in the developed world dyingnowadays from the effects ofobesity instead of, as before, frommalnutrition, there are signs that our modern lifestyle may, infeet shorten some lifespans.

V j c a bu l a r y S t u d y

cardiac (adj.) liên quan đến tỉm:The official cause of death was cardiac failure.

chemotherapy (n.) hóa tri liệu:When Sue was diagnosed with cancel; her first course of chemotherapy made her feel very sick, but now she feels much better

cholesterol (n j chất cholesterol:Since Jim's heart condition was diagnosed, he has had to take medication to reduce his

cholesterol.

diagnosis (n.) sự chẩn đoáachẩn trị- According to the doctor's diagnosis Sally is suffering fiom asthma diagnose (v) chần đoán,

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m in a t io n E s s a y s .

chần trị:Charlie's lung condition has unfortunately been diagnosed as lung cancerdiagnosevà diagnosisđều có thể đuợc dùng vói ý nghĩatìm ra vấn đẻ không ổn của một á igì đá Jim diagnosed the problem with my car engine and he is going to lepair it tomorrow. My diagnosis is that Bob's business failed because he spent too much time away fbm

work

hypertension (n.) chứng caohuyết áp: Lucy went for a medical check-up and discovered thot she needs medication for hypertension.

intervention (n j sự can thiệp:I didn't like to interfere in their relationship, but without my intervention; I really think that they wou/d have separated by now intervene (v) xen vào, canthiệp: if Bod had not intervened in the fight Jim would have injured Sam really badly

malnutrition (n.) sự suy dinhdưỡng: The famiiy was very poor after the father lost his job and

the children were found to be suffering from maỉnuữitỉon.

obesìly (n.) bệnh béo phi: The alarming levels of obesity found in young people today are thought to be a result of tiie diet of high-fat junk food that so many of them consume, obese(adj.) bị béo phi: The children

eat so much fast food and take so littie exercise that they have become obese.

radiotherapy (n) phương phápxạ tr|: The cancer patient has had both surgery and a course of radioửierapy.

screening (n.) sự kiểm tra sứckhỏe ừên số đông: Screening may be expensive in the shođ term, but it saves lives and, in the long term, can significantly cut the costs of the nation's health care, screen (v.) khám: It was

recommended that all women over 50 should be screened for breast cancel screen (v.) cũngcó nghĩa là trình chiếu một bộphim ở rạp hoặc phát sóng một

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.Th e B e s t M o d e l E x a m in a t io n E s s a y s

bộ phim hay một chương trìnhtrên ừuyén hỉnh: The BBC's latest

wildlife programme is being screened tonight

stroke (n.) sự đột quy, thuậtngữ chuyên môn gọi iàcerebrovascular acảdent

ừansplant surgery (n.) phẫu

thuật cấy ghép: The transplant

surgery which saved David's life meant his biother had to donate

one of his kidneys. The success of ừonsplant surgery depends on the relatives of dead people being willing to have the body

parts of the deceased used to save ttie lives of others.

W h a t Do ÌÒU T h i n k ?

1. Besides the reasons given in the essay, what are possiblereasons for people living longer?

2. Are people happier if they are able to live longer?3. Do you think people will live longer in future?

4. What can older people do to maintain their quality of life?

5. What are some of the economic and social effects of peopleliving longer?

6. With a longer lifespan, would people be willing to work

longer?7. How can people change their eating habits and avoid

dying at a young age due to the effects of obesity?

8. Can you think of other possible causes of a shorterlifespan?

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Case against new shopping

centre development

It has just been announced that a major developer isseeking planning permission to build a shopping cenừe on theedge of the town and that the town council is likely to agreeto tills proposal. A protest group has been formed to mount acampaign against such a development and ! am very much onthe side of the protesters.

For a start, we already have quite enough places to purchasethings in this area. v\fe have the local shops, we have the cityshops just a bus ride away and we have a shopping mall In thenext town, again just a short bus ride away. v\fe simply do notneed more shopping facilities in this area.

Then there is the issue of increased traffic The town councilis always going on about the terrible traffic problems in thisarea. It has been urging us all to leave our cars at home and toeither walk or take public transport so that we may avoid thecurrent congested roads. Yet, now it appears to be in favour of

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a development which can only increase the level of congestion.Of course, there is to be a huge car park at the proposed newshopping cerrtre.

We also have to take into consideration what effect a newshopping cenừe in the area would have on the viability of ourown high street shops. At the moment despite the proximity ofthe city, many of them have no shortages of customers and soare thriving businesses. However, there is a distinctdisincentive for people wishing to make purchases from such shops.

There is a major parking problem for people wishing toshop in the centre of the town, thanks to the sừict parkingrestrictions imposed by the council. Given the choice ofshopping with their cars or shopping without them, I fear thatmany shoppers will opt for the former and make for the newshopping centre rather than the local shops. Such a loss ofbusiness will have extremely unfortunate consequences forlocal shops and some of them may go to the wall. That wouldbe a fragedy for the community.

Another tragedy for the community would be the damageto the environment that a building development like this ỈSlikely to cause. There are very few pieces of land in this areathat are not built up and the area scheduled for the shoppingcomplex is one of these. It is not an espedally pretty place, butit provides a habitat for plants and animals and it offers somerelief from the crowded built-up areas around. In addition, more

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cars driving Into that area will add significantly to the pollution of the atmosphere.

The developers are arguing that their proposed shoppingcomplex will not only provide local people wjth more retailchoice but that It will provide local jobs. However, the extra jobsmay well be at the expense of jobs in the high street shops ifthey have to close. I will give as much support as possible tothe protesters and hope that the shopping cerrtre docs not get

planning permission.

\focABULARY S t u d y

congested (adj.) đông nghịt chậỉních: The pavement in town are

so congested because people are doing ơirísừnas shopping. congestion (n.) tình trạngđống nghịt, chật ních: Traffic congestion is bad in the city all day, not just during the rush hour

developer (cũng gọi là property

developer) (n.) nhà thiết kế, cải tạo bất động sản: As our family has expanded, we were interested in buying a large Victor/an house in the area ữom its developed

disincentive (n.) tác nhân lamchùn buửc, không có tánh khuyén

khích: I'm sure that the research post would be very interesting but the salary being offered by the university is a disincentive and I don't ửìink that there will be many applicants.

expense, at the expense of trả

giá, đánh đổi bằng: Liz says that she does not regret the time she spent being a full-time mothei; but it VVỚS definitely at the expense of her career as a lawyer.



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facilities (n. pi.) CO sở vật chátComplaints have been made to

the town counãi about the lack of sports faalities for young

people in the area.

go, go on about tiếp tục I wish you'd stop going on about how badly you've been treated! It seems to me that you deserved it

pollution (n j sự ồ nhiễm:Signs on the beach warn of the

pollution of the sea water pollute(v.) gây ô nhíẽm: Liquid waste from the fadoiy has polluted the town's water supply, pollutant(n j

nhân tố gây ô nhiễm: The smoke from tíie íactOĩy chimney was ơ

pollutant of the aữnospheỉe.

viability (n.) khả năng ỉồn tại: The recession put at risk the viability of many small businesses, viable (adj.) có thể tổn tại hoặcthành công: / know that it is a drastic course of action, but there

does not seem to be a viable alternative.

wall, go to the wall phá sản:Unfortunately, during the recent recession many small businesses went to the wall.

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1. Is the new shopping centre likely to worsen the trafficsituation in the area? Why?

2. Would it lessen the traffic congestion in the town centreinstead? State your reasons.

3. What are some of the other benefits of having the newshopping center?

4. Can you think of a better alternative to a shopping cenữefor the area?

5. How can the small street shops compete with theshopping centre to survive?

6. Would it be better to build the shopping centre furtheraway from the area? What are your reasons?

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Where should university students stay?

Oome people go to university in their home town andcontinue to live at home. However, many students ừavel toanother town or city for their further education and have tofind accommodation there. Many universities worldwideprovide accommodation for at least some of their students.This often takes the form of a kind of communal, hostei-styleaccommodation. This accommodation is found in large blocks,

often situated within the confines of a university campus. Sucha block of accommodation ỈS called a dormitory in AmericanEnglish and a hall of residence in British English.

Some universities in some courrtrles also provideaccommodation in flats in town. These are similar to the flatsrented out by private landlords but have the advantage of

having to reach, at least a minimum standard of comfort andto some kind of rent restriction. Such fiats are usually sharedby several students and sometimes, at least in the first year,the university authorities assign students to a particular flatwhether they know their flatmates or not

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Then there are flats which are let out to students by membersof the public This is more of a lotteiy. Students may have morefreedom, but the flats may vary greatly in standard of comfort andamenities and may vary quite a lot in level of cost

Some students may be faced with a choice What choiceshould they make and what are the criteria on which theyshould base their decision?

My view is that the choice of accommodation is dependent

on the circumstances of the student If you are a first-yearstudent and know no or veiy few other students at the universityof your choice, it seems to me that a hall of residence ordormitory should be your first choice. Of course, you might nothave an option because some universities in some countriesautomatically reserve places in their hostel accommodation forfirst-year students.

The choice of hostel accommodation, organized by theuniversity, would enable you to mix with a lot of new peopleIf you are in a strange town or city and so do not know manypeople, you might find it difficult to make new social contacts.Having a room in a university accommodation block willprovide you instantly with an assortment of people with whomyou should have something in common.

Also, university hostel accommodation often providessome form of catering facilities, such as a canteen. Such an

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■Th e B e s t M o d e l E x a m in a t io n E s s a y s

arrangement means that students do not have to do their owncooking or shopping, skills in which they might not yet havemuch expertise. This arrangement means that they will alwayshave a nourishing meal available.

Accommodation in a flat whether this is owned by theuniversity or a private landlord, is much more appropriate, in myopinion, if you have been at university for some time. Then, youwill be more mature, be more experienced in budgeting and be

more likely to have met people whom you might consider to becompatible flatmates.

\0CABULARY S t u d y

accommodation (n.) chỗ ảThe cost of flights and hotel accommodation is included in the price of the holiday.

amenities (n. pi) các điều kiệntiện nghỉ: The hotel has many amenities such as Ũ swimming

pool Q gym ond tennis courts as well ƠS an excellent restaurant

assortment (n.) loạỉ, nhóm: There’s an assortment of vegetables in the fridge and i'm going to make soup from them.

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n ESSAYSL

budgeting (n.) sự dự tinh ngânsach: With coreful budgeting, Í might just be able to buy a new

dỉess for Mary's wedding next month, budget (v) dự tính ngânsach: No matter how carefully I budget I won't be able to afford a new COL budget cũng có nghĩađể dành tiẻn cho một mục đíchnao đó ừong kế hoạch chi tiêu:

wfe will have to budget for a rent increase at the end of the year I

communal (adj.) Chung, côngcọng: The guest house has a communal sitting loom where

people tend to gather in the evenings. The family fries to hove

a communal meal three or four times a week

compatible (adj.) hòa hợp: /couldn’t possibly share a flat wiữì

Jenny; we're not at all compatible. compatible cũng cỏ nghĩa là“tương thích”: This computer

software is not compatible wiữi your system.

confines, within the confines of ửong giói hạn của: Children are not allowed to leave the confines

of the school grounds during the schoolday. confine (v.) giamhâm: The prisoners of war were confined in a small' dark room with hardly any food or drink.

nourishing (adj.) bổ dưỡng:The child was given a bowl of nourishing vegetable soup. nourish (vj nuôi nấng, nuôidưỡng: The plants are growing in veiy poor soil; they need something to nourish them.nourishment (n.) dinh dưởng:Very young babies get all the

nourishment they need from their mothers' milk.

restriction (n.) sự hạn ché, giớihạn: In most counừies, there is restriction on how fast you can drive, restrict (v.) hạn chế, gióihạn: The manager has restricted

the number of employees who can be on holiday at the same time.

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. Where else can university students stay?

2. What are some of the other advantages for students to stayin a university hostel?

3. What are the disadvantages of staying in a universityhostel?

4. Can you name some advantages and disadvantages forstudents to stay in a town flat instead?

5. Which are the three most important selection criteria for astudent choosing a suitable accommodation?


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Why people migrate to

another country

T9 here are various reasons why people leave their nativecounties to go and live elsewhere. Perhaps they might gooverseas in order to gain employment or for other economicreasons. Perhaps they might move for personal reasons, suchas marrying someone from another country.

Whatever the reason, going to live in another country isnot easy. If you have moved for reasons of employment you areprobably already familiar, to some extent, with the language ofyour adopted countiy But what of your family?

The older members of your family, such as your motheror grandmother, might not feel able or willing to accept thechallenge of learning a foreign language. They may prefer

to stay at home and let you, or other members of the family,provide them with anything that they might need. This is nota good idea as this inability to communicate will lead to yourfamily members becoming isolated and lonely.

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■Th e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n E s s a y s

Even people who leam to speak the language of theiradopted country often decide to ignore the culture and customsof their new country. Instead, they cling to the customs of theirnative country.

I can understand people who are reluctant to give up thecustoms of their native land. To them, their native culture andtraditions must represent something fa miliar and comfortingin what is, otherwise, a strange land. By sticking to their own

foods, dress and other aspects of their original culture, theymay well feel that they are preserving their links with home.

Yet if they have made the decision to move permanentlyto another country, I think that they should make an effort tobecome familiar with the culture and customs of their newhome. By so doing, they are more likely to become accepted

by members of their new community and to become quicklyintegrated into it

If they obdurately follow their own customs and ignorewhat is happening around them, they are likely to be seen asan alien presence by the local population. The locals may thenregard the immigrants with resentment and even hostility.

1think that this is a situation which calls for a degree ofcompromise. There are some areas of their previous lives,especially things that relate to religion, that immigrants mightfervently want to preserve. However, there are many ways in

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m in a t io n E s s a y s l

which immigrants can stay in touch With aspects of their ownculture while embracing aspects of that of their new country.

For example, they can broaden their culinaiy horizons byeating their own native dishes whilst also experimenting with the cuisine of their new country. Similarly, they can continue toenjoy their own ừaditional forms of music and entertainmentwhile also learning to appreciate those of their host country

In this way, a process of gradual integration can take place.Such a process makes it much easier for the next generation ofimmigrants to feel totally at home in the country in which theirparents had settled.

M jc abu ia ry S t u d y

adopted country (n j quê hươngthứ hai: Tòm was born in the United States, but the UK is his adopted country. He prefers the lifestyle here, adopt (v.) nhận connuối: i/m and Ally were unable to

have chiidren and they have just adopted a little boy. adopt cũngcó tyghía "chấp nhận, thông qua”:The government must adopt a tougher attitude towards young criminals.

alien (adj.) xa lạ, thuộc ncrìkhác He daimed that he saw a spaceship land and that an alien creature from another planet emerged from it

compromise (v.) thỏa hiệp: The

workers were demanding an annual wage increase of 10% but management was offering only 3%; they finally compromised on 6.5%.

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.Th e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n E s s a y s

culinaiy (adj.) liên quan đến nấuăn: Sally is a hopeless cook, but she is taking lessons to ừy and improve her culinary skills:

embrace (v) tiếp nhận:Surprisingly, the dub's committee embraced the new radical

proposal unanimously, embrace

có một nghĩa phổ biến hon làôm ai đó một cách thám thiết Anne embraced her son when he returned home after his ừip round the world

experiment with (v.) thử nghiệm:The doctors experimented with

various drugs before finding a cure for the patients condition. experiment (n.) sự thử nghiệm,thi nghiệm: Sue is taking part in a protest against the experiments on animals that the cosmetics company is conducting. They are conducting experiments on a new water purification system.

fervently (adv.) một cách kiênquyết She hopes fervently that she'll get the job. He supports the

local football team as fervently as he ever did. fervent (adj.) mạnhmẽ, đáy nhiệt huyẽt: They made a fervent appeal for their fr/end'sfreedom. 77?e fans continue to show fervent support for the local football team. fervour (n.) sự nhỉệt huyết John always takes up new hobbies with great

enthusiasm, but his fervour never lasts long.

horizons, broaden your horizonsmở rộng phạm vi, tâm nhìn: /tis important for young people to broaden their horizons by visiting oửier counừies. horizon

(n j đuừng chân ừời: We sawsome horsemen appear over the horizon, but they were too far away for us to recognize them.

integrate, to be Integrated Intohòa nhập: Many of the cottages In the village have been bought by people from ihe city, but it will be a very long time, if ever, before the new owners are integrated into village life.

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obdurately (ơdv.) một cách cứngnhác, ngoan cố: The workers

obdurately declined even to discuss the wage offer frommanagement because they considered it too low

resentment (n.) sư tứcgiận, ghétbỏ: Sue has felt a great deal of

resentment towards Anne ever since Anne started going out

with Jim because Sue has always fancied Jim. resent (v.) oán giận,ghét bỏ: Jack resented having a boss who was younger and less qualified than he was.


1. What are some of the other reasons why people migrate toanother country?

2. Besides the language, culture and customs of the adoptedcountry, wha t must the immigrant ỉeam?

3. What factors must one consider when selecting a hostcountry?

4- Would it be morally responsible for a young coupleto leave their parents behind in the home country andmigrate? Why?

5. How can foreigners be fully integrated in the society of

their host country?

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Has easier food preparation improved

the way people live?

I here is no doubt that in many countries, food hasbecome much easier to prepare. This is due, to a large extent,to the vast array of convenience foods that are to be found insupermarkets. New techniques of food preparation, preservation

and packaging have meant that they can present us with awide range of foods which require the purchaser to do verylittle but eat them. All we need to do is reach into the freezer orcook-chill cabinet and there is our meal for the evening.

Some of these ready-made meals, such as curries, wouldtake a long time to prepare if we were doing the preparation

ourselves, even if we had the necessary skill and motivationto undertake the task. We would also have to face the task ofwashing up ail the utensils used. Instead, we are presentedwith a compact package that we only have to heat up.

That brings us to a revolutionary culinaiy gadget that



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has speeded up the cooking and heating process to quitean extraordinary degree. This gadget is the microwave oven.

Something which might take about 45 minutes in conventionaloven will take little more than 5 minutes in a microwave oven.

The advent of the microwave oven has encouragedsupermarkets to make food preparation even more labour-saving.They now prepare a wide range of fresh vegetables which havebeen cleaned, prepared for cooking and put in packaging that can

be popped straight into the microwave oven.Modern methods of selling foods and cooking foods have

thus provided us with a great deal of extra time. Are we usingthis time wisely? Sadly, a great many of us are not

It would be good to be able to say that families use thetime saved on food preparation to have family conversations

round the dinner table. With meal times more hassle-free, thisshould be possible and it has been proved that families whotalk together on a regular basis get on better with each other.Sadly, statistics show that in many counừỉes, families are nowless likely to have regular meal-time conversations. If we arenot spending our extra time talking to the rest of the familymembers, what are we doing with it?

With the time saved, we could read more to improve ourminds or just for enjoyment* we could spend more time on aleisure pursuit or take up a new hobby; we could embark on

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an exercise programme to get fitter. Unfortunately, very few ofus seem to be spending the saved time in an improving way.Instead, we are watching even more television, especially ỉn thewinter months.

Television can be an excellent educational tool and thereare some very informative programmes available. Alas, itappears that after our quickly prepared dinners, a great manyof us are not watching such mentally-challenging programmes.

are opting for soaps or the increasing number of realityTV shows. \Ne zap from channel to channel when we growbored. Vtorse, some of us come home from work, take ourconvenience food package from the fridge or freezer, pop it inthe microwave oven, slide the cooked food onto a plate and gostraight through to watch television while consuming the food.

Convenience foods and microwave have meant that we arelosing the cooking skills that were traditionally handed downfrom generation to generation. Yet we are not using the timesaved wisely or productively. It has simply increased in us atendency to be a couch potato.



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M c a b u l a k y S t u d y

advent the advent of somethingsựxuát hiện, sự ra đòi: The advent of vacãnes against certain diseases had a significant effed on the life expectancy of human beings.

cabinet (n.) tủ: There are several fish dishes in the cook-chill cabinet of the local supermarket My grandmother displays her china ornaments in a glass- ừonted cabinet

compact (adj.) nhỏ nhưng đáy

đủ, tiện lọi: The kitchen was small but compact with everytiiing a cook could desire.

convenience food (n j thựcphẩm đã chế biến sa Jim doesn't spend much time cooking; his cupboards and fteezer are ft/// of

convenience foods.cook-chill (adj.) đuụt nấu sản vàgỉữ lạnh: /Ve bought a cook-chill chicken dish for tonight I didn't have time to make anything.

couch potato (n.) người trì trê, chỉngồi một chỗ: Too many children are couch potatoes during the school holidays; tíiey should get out more and exercise.

culinary (adj.) liên quan đến nấu

ăn: Salỉy is taking lessons to try and improve her culinary skills.

gadget (n.) thiết bị, máy mócMa/y has equipped her kitchen with a great many labour-saving

gadgets.

get on (v.) hòa hợp: The two girls

are sisters, but they do not get on.

hassle-free (adj.) không có gỉrắc rối, phức tạp: Last year, we experienced a good many delays in the course of our holiday ừavel, but this year's journey was totally hassle-ftee. hassle (n.) điều khó khăn: ft's such a hassle

getting to my friends house by public ừansport ữiat I've decided to drive there, “free (hậu tó) kếthọp với danh từ để tạo thành

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tính từ, có nghĩa “không chúahoặc không bao hàm": The child

has to have sugar-ftee drinks because of his allergy.

leisure pursuit (n.) hoạt độnggiải tri, tiêu khiển: Sue works such long hours ửiat she has little time for leisure pursuits.

package (n.) gói, kiện: The postman delivered a small package this morning.

soap (n.) (nguyên gốc soap operasphim dàl tập ừên Ừuyẻn hình: He Is now a famous Shakespearean

adoi; but he began his acting career in a BBC soap.

uỉensH (n.) đỏ dùng, dụng cụ(đặc biệt là trong nhà bếp):Please put all the utensils which

you hove used in the dishwasher when you have finished cooking.

zap (v) chuyển kênh bằng

điều khiển từ xa: / zapped from channel to channel, but could find no programme ửìat /wanted to watch. zap cũng có nghĩađảnh, hạ gục Bob zapped the wasp with a roỉíed-up newspaper

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m in a t io n E s s a y s


1. Why do people go for convenience foods instead ofcooking at home?

2. How can the time saved in food preparation when eatingout be used meaningfully?

3. Are convenience foods healthier than home-cooked foods?Why?

4. Do you foresee a trend for home cooking to become lessImportant in future? State your reasons.

5- Do you agree with the writer's view that people nowadaystend to be couch potatoes? What are the reasons for youranswer?

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7 Where to live:small town versus big city

if people could choose their ideal place to live, theirpersonalities, hobbies and tastes would undoubtedly havea great influence on their choice Wfould they choose a smalltown or a city?

I was brought up neither in a small town nor ỉn a city,

having been raised in the heart of the country However, I livednear enough to a small town to know that [ would not like to livein one. In myopinion, there is something quite claustrophobic about a very small town. 1much prefer the spaciousness of thecountry or the different kind of spaciousness provided by thecity.

A great many people prefer to live in small towns becauselife there gives them a much greater sense of belonging to acommunity than life ỉn a city. Such people like to be involved Inthe activities of the community and they are heavily concernedwith issues that affect the town. They join local clubs, such as



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book club, tennis club, bridge club, and protest groups. Theymay even become engaged in local politics. Their circles of

friends live very near to them and they see them veiy regularly.The small town is the centre of their world.

This Is not for m e.! need more space and greater freedomin which to operate. I am also quite a private person, althoughI am not at all reclusive. When I am in the mood, 1can be extremely sociable, but I also enjoy my own company. At times,

I prefer to be solitaiy. It has been my experience that peoplein small towns are more likely to drop in unannounced thanpeople in cities, and that may not always be convenient tothose visited.

Because they are so community-oriented, people who livein small towns tend to be much more interested in the lives

of their neighbours than people in cities. This can be seen asfriendly concern, but I see it as inquisitiveness. I much preferthe anonymity of the city where you might not even know yourneighbours. I realize that this can cause problems for elderlypeople who might need the help of neighbours from time totime, but I do hate to feei that someone is poking their nose

into my affairs.The case for life ỉn the city is, of course, much more positive

than this. City life has a great many advantages, particularlythose of a cultural nature. It has theaừes, mostly providing awide range of entertainment from opera and serious drama to

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lightweight comedy and musical. It also has a great many morecinemas than the average small town, which might have one ornone, and these provide a wide range of films from the popularto the more esoteric

I would greatly miss the libraries jf I lived in a small town.Of course, many small towns have libraries, but these tend tohave a limited selection, often restricted to the more popularforms of fiction. 1would miss the central reference library, whichhouses so much information, even in these days of the Internet

Then there are the art galleries and the museums. Onlya place with a significantly large population can provide awide range of these and exhibitions, which are extensive andinteresting enough to attract visitors in large numbers.

For me, life in a city caters to most of my cultural needs.This more than compensates for the disadvantages of crowdedstreets, traffic jams and street crime. The small town is definitelynot for me!



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\bcABULARY St u d y

anonymity (n.) sự ẩn danh:Pat much prefers city life to life in a small town; she likes the anonymity of it anonymous(adj.) ẩn danh: The money for the projed has been given by an anonymous donor The poet is

anonymous.claustrophobic (ơdj.) khépkín, bít bùng: At home, I hove a large bedroom and the one in my aunts home was so clausừophobìc that / could hardly breathe, claustrophobic

cũng có nghĩa "bị mác chứngclaustrophobia - cảm giác ráỉ sợhãi khi bị ở ừong nhũng nơi bítbùng, nỗi sợ bị gỉam giơ’: ỉt was terrible when Tom got stuck in the lift; he's claustrophobic

esoteric (adj.) có tình kén chọn

khán giả, ít được biết đến: Most of the teenagers in the group like

pop music, but Ben's musical tastes are rather esoteric

inquisitiveness (n.) tính tòmò, tọc mạch: Our neighbour is always trying to pry into our affairs and we have got very tired of her inquisitiveness, inquisitive(adj.) tò mò, tọc mạch: Sue's so inquisitive; she keeps asking me

questions about the break-up of Jane's marriage.

mood, in the mood có tâm trạng,cảm giác muốn làm gì: The others have gone for a walk but I wasn’t in the mood for walking. moody (adj.) tầm tính thay đổi

thất thường: Sue sold that she finds it very difficult to cope Witt} her moody teenage daughtec moodiness (n.) tình ừạng tâmtính hay thay đổi: Sue is tired of the moodiness of the young woman With whom she shares an office, mood (n.) tâm trạng:What kind of mood is Amy in today? She was very depressed

yesterday :

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personality (n j tính cách:Sally has a very warm, friendly

personality personality cũng cónghĩa "người nổi tiếng", thườngừong lãnh vục thể thao, giải tri: y\k hope to get a personality ftom the world of books to open the new library.

reclusive (adj.) ẩn dật lánh đời:lé/y few people in the village know my aunt' she has been ledusive ever since her husband left hefrecluse (n.) nguời sống ẩn dậtlánh đời: VVéVe all invited the newteacher to various social events, but he's declined all our invitations;

he seems to be a reduse.

sodablc (adjj hòa đông, thíchgiao du, kết bạn: Our new neighbour doesn't seem to be very sociable because she’s turned down all our invitations.

solitaiy (adj.) một mình, cỏ độcI am rather solitary during the week when my husband is at work in the City Nếu một cái gìđó solitaiy nghỉa là nó chỉ tổntại một mình, khóng có cái khácchung quanh: The shepherd lives ỉn a solitary cottage on the side of the hill.

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1. What are some of the other advantages of living in a smalltown?

2. What are some of the other disadvantages of living in a bigcity?

3. Why do some people prefer to live in the countryside?

4. Would one's age influence one's preference - young

professionals, for example, would prefer to live in the citywhile retirees are likely to settle down in the countryside?

5. Besides personality, hobbies/ tastes and possibly age, whatare the factors that could determine where a person wouldchoose to live?

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Should teachers be paid according to how much

their students Iearn?

it is the job of teachers to educate students and to helpthem to learn. This learning process obviously includes theacquisition of basic skills and, usually, the acquisition ofKnowledge of a wide range of subjects such as mathematics,history, language, literature, geography and science.

It is relatively easy to measure how much students havelearnt in such subjects. Examinations, sometimes in the formof multiple-choice questions, sometimes in the form of essays,occasionally in the form of oral tests, measure the level ofattainment and these exams can easily be marked by teachersor by external assessors. The mark given indicates a particular

student's achievement in a subject and so students' success, orotherwise, In their subjects can readily be assessed

If the members of one particular class all do very well inan examination, does this mean that they have a particularlygood teacher? This could possibly be the case. A good teacher

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m i n a t i o n E s s a y s l

knows how to impart information effectively and also knowshow to arouse in students a desire to learn. Intelligent students

are not necessarily all keen to learn. They often need someoneto motivate them.

On the other hand, there are factors other than theeffectiveness of the teacher that should be taken intoconsideration. It could bé that these particular students are

just especially intelligent and/or that they find it exceptionally

easy to learn. Alternatively, they might have been having privatetuition, paid for by their parents, out of school hours. They mighthave parents or elder siblings who are able to assist themgreatly in their studies.

We must also not forget that we live in an age of advancedcommunication systems. Although television frequently comes

in for a good deal of criticism, It docs often provide factualprogrammes which are of great educational value. Studentswatching them can learn a lot !n addition, now that so manyhouseholds own a computer, a great many students mayaugment their knowledge by surfing the Internet It certainlyprovides information on a wide range of subjects and youngpeople, as a rule, like working or playing with computers. They

make learning seem more fun.

For all these reasons, the achievement of these studentsdoes not necessarily reflect the skill of the teacher. This beingthe case, why should teachers whose students have learnt a

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T h e B e s t M o d e l E x a m in a t io n E s s a y s

lot and so have achieved good examination results be givenall the credit? In particular, why should they be paid more thanothers? The answer is that they should not

They have not necessarily put more effort into their workor worked longer hours and they are not necessarily betterteachers. The teachers of much less academically inclinedstudents, who have shown not to have learnt much, may haveput in much more effort. Indeed, it is very likely that they have,

since such students find it more difficult to learn and needmore teaching help. These teachers may have ended up withstudents who have learned less and who, thus, have got poorerexamination results. However, they started with students whohad less {earning potential than more academic studentsand their students might have improved gre

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