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The The development of development of nervous systemnervous system
陳建榮陳建榮
http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/chenjr/
Nervous system:-Central nervous system (CNS):
-brain, -spinal cord
-Peripheral nervous system (PNS): -cranial nerves, -spinal nerves
-Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Origin of nervous system
Neutralization:-Notochord -Neural plate-Neural groove -Neural tube, neural crest -Rostral neuropore, caudal neuropore
Nonfusion of neural tube
Neual tube:-Neural canal central canal-Neuroepithelial cell (pseudostratified columnar epi)
-Ventricular zone-Intermediate zone-Marginal zone
-Alar plate dorsal horn-Basal plate ventral horn-Roof plate-Floor plate
-Mesenchyme spinal meninges-Dura matter-Arachnoid -Pia matter
Development of spinal cord
Development of Pseudounipolar neuron
Myelination of nerve fibers
Positional changes of spinal cord
8 weeks 24 weeks child adult
Neural crest
Congenital anomalies of spinal cord Neural tube defects (NTD)
Spinal bifida oculta 隱性脊柱雙裂 Spinal bifida cystica 脊柱雙裂囊腫
Spinal bifida cystica 脊柱雙裂囊腫Myeloschisis 脊髓裂
Neural tube defects (NTD)
Myeloschisis 脊髓裂
Development of brain3 primary vesicles:-Forebrain (prosencephalon)
-Telencephalon - cerebral hemispheres-Diencephalon - thamaus
-Midbrain (mesencephalon)-Mesencephalon - midbrain-Metencephalon - pons, cerebellum-Myelencephalon - medulla
-Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
Brain flexures 腦彎-Midbrain flexure-Cervical flexure-Pontine flexure
Myelencephalon ( medulla )
Caudal portion
Rostral portion
Alar plate-Special somatic afferent (SSA)
-CN VIII (hear, vestibular)-General somatic afferent (GSA)
-CN V-Special visceral afferent (SVA)
-CN VII, IX, X (taste)-General visceral afferent (GVA)
-CN XBasal plate:-General visceral efferent (GVE)
-CN IX, X-Special visceral efferent (SVE)
-CN V, VII, IX, X-General somatic efferent (GSE)
-CN III, IV, VI, XII
Metencephalon
Midbrain
Diencephalon
Pituitary gland:-Adenohypophysis (oral ectoderm)
-Hypophysial pouch-Pars tuberalis-Pars distalis-Pars intermedia
-Neurohypophysis (neural ectoderm)-Neurohypophysial bud
-Pars nervosa-Infundibular stem-Median eminence
Pituitary gland
Ventricles of CNS
Telencephalon
13 weeks
21 weeks
32 weeks
25 weeks38 weeks
Early stage of nervous system-Proliferation-Migration -Differentiation-Organization
Corpus callosum 胼胝體
Choroid plexus
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Hydrocephalus 水腦
- excessive formation of CSF
- blockage of the circulation of CSF
- diminished absorption of CSF
Cranium bifidum 顱骨雙裂
Microcephaly
Agenesis of corpus callosum
Holophrosencephaly
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus
Arnold-chiari malformation
Cranial nerves:-Somatic efferent cranial nerves
-Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)-Abducent nerve (CN VI)-Trochlear nerve (CN IV)-Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
-Nerves of pharyngeal arches-Trigeminal nerve (CN V)-Facial nerve (CN VII)-Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)-Vagus nerve (CN X)-Accessory nerve (CN XI)
-Special sensory nerves-Olfactory nerve (CN I)-Optic nerve (CN II)-Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Nerves of pharyngeal arch