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1) Types of Variation 2) Boyle's Law + PV Investigation 3) Charles' Law + TV Thought Lab 4) Lussac's Law + TP Investigation 5) The Combined Gas Law 6) Avogadro and the Universal Gas Law Types of Variation The Gas Laws What type of variation is it? Write the equation of the line.

The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

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Page 1: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

1) Types of Variation2) Boyle's Law + P­V Investigation 3) Charles' Law + T­V Thought Lab4) Lussac's Law + T­P Investigation5) The Combined Gas Law6) Avogadro and the Universal Gas Law         Types of Variation

The Gas Laws

What type of variation is it?Write the equation of the line.

Page 2: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

Boyle’s LawRobert Boyle (Irish Chemist, 1627­1691) studied pressure volume relationships.

Boyle’s Law – the volume of a given amount of gas, at a constant temperature, varies inversely with the applied pressure. 

ASSUME: constant temp. and moles of gas. 

V=k P

P=k V

According to Boyle's Law: if volume decreases to half, pressure increases by a factor of 2. if volume decreases to 1/3, pressure increases by a factor of 3.When volume of the container decreases, gas particles get closer together and exert more force on the walls of the container.  (See fig. 11.14 on p. 432)When temp. and amount of gas is constant         P1V1 = P2V2

 

Ex. p.434 #1A 50.0 cm3 sample of nitrogen gas is collected at 101.3 kPa.  If the volume is reduced to 5.0 cm 3 , and the temperature remains constant, what will the final pressure of the nitrogen be? P1= 101.3 kPa V1= 50.0 cm 3

P2= ? V2= 5.0 cm3

P1V1 = P2V2

P2 = P1V1 V2 = (101.3 kPa)(50.0 cm 3) 5.0 cm 3

= 1.0 x 103 kPa

Homework p. 435 # 2, 3, (top) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (bottom)

Page 3: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

p. 441 Charles' Law and Kelvin Temperatures Thought Lab

Temperature (      )

Volume (      )

400

300

Charles' Law Volume and Temperature of Gasses

Temperature­273CVolum

e

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.   

What happens when we increase the temperature?http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas­properties

Page 4: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

French scientist Jaques Charles (1746­1823) was interested in hot air balloons and studied how an expandable container reacts to temperature changes.  He found that if a gas was heated from 0 C to 273 C, it's volume would double. He also noticed that the x intercept on all of his graphs was ­273 C.

In 1848 Lord Kelvin realized the significance of this finding.At ­273 C  

In real life gasses will condense and change state at temperatures close to ­273 C.

Kelvin used Charles' finding as the basis of the Kelvin temperature scale.

TK = ___C  + 273

Charles' Law

The volume of a fixed mass (or number of moles) of gas is proportional to its temperature if pressure is held constant (and temperature is in Kelvin).

Homeworkp.446 # 5a, 6a, 8,9

Page 5: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

Gay­Lussac's LawThe pressure of a fixed amount of gas, at constant volume, is directly proportional to it's Kelvin temperature.

P     T

P = kT

P = kT

P1 = P2

T1     T2

p.447

Ex. p.450 # 14At 18C a sample of helium gas stored in a metal cylinder exerts a pressure of 17.5 atm.  What will the pressure become if the temperature increases to 40C?

Gas LawsALWAYS SWITCHTO Kelvin

Try p. 449#13

(answer 18.8 atm)

Page 6: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

Combined Gas LawBoyle's Law

Charles' Law

Gay­Lussac's Law

Boyle's Law

Charles' Law

Gay­Lussac's Law

Page 7: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

Ex. p. 457#17A sample of gas has a volume of 150mL aat 260K and 92.3 kPa. What will the new volume be at 376K and 123 kPa?

Do p. 457 # 18-21(answers on p 469+523)

(answer 163mL)

Gasses HW List So FarBoylep.435 #2,3 (top) #2,3,4,5,6 (bottom)+Graphing Assignment Charlesp.446#5a,6a,8,9 + Thought LabGay-Lussacp.450#15 p.449#13 + GraphCombined p.457# 20,21 +18,19

p.446 #8A sample of nitrogen gas surrounding a circuit board occupies a volume of 300mL at 17C and 100 kPa.  What volume will the nitrogen occupy at 100.0C if the pressure remains constant?

Page 8: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

p.457#17A sample of gas has volume of 150 mL at 260K and 92.3 kPa.  What will the new volume be at 376 K and 123 kPa.

Page 9: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

Gay­Lussac was confused by the volume of gas reactants and products in chemical reactions

2 volumes H2  + 1 volume O2  = 2 volumes H2O

3 volumes H2  + 1 volume N2  = 2 volumes NH3

1 volume H2  + 1 volume Cl2 = 2 volumes HCl

Avogadro recognized that these volume ratios were the same as the mole rations2 moles H2  + 1 moles O2  = 2 moles H2O3 moles H2  + 1 moles N2  = 2 moles NH3

1 moles H2  + 1 moles Cl2 = 2 moles HCl

Page 10: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

Avagadro's Hypothesis

Avagadro proposed that equal volumes of ideal gasses at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of moles of gas. (or the same number of molecules)This means that for a balanced chemical equation, the ratio of the volumes of the gasses equals the ratio of the moles of gasses. coefficients

At standard temperature and pressure (STP) a mole of gas occupies 22.4 L.  The space occupied by 1 mole of gas is called the molar volume.T = 0 CP= 1 atm

T = 0C

P= 1 atm

Law of Combining VolumesIn a chemical reaction the ratio of the volumes of gas involved in the reaction equals the molar ration in the balanced chemical equation.  

Ex. p.482#5A balloon contains 2.0 L of helium gas at STP. How many moles of helium are present? (0.089 mol)

p.482#6,7

Page 11: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

Ideal Gas Law

Avagadro

Charles' Law

Boyle's Law

V= volumen = # molesT = temperatureP = pressureR= gas law constant

HOMEWORKp.487­488 # 12­14

HOMEWORKp.487­488 # 12­14

p.487 #12 4.00 L of ammonia gas is a container holds 2.17 mol at 206 kPa.  What is the temperature in the container?

Page 12: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

p.488 #13

Page 13: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

p­486 Sample Problem

A cylinder of laughing gas has diameter 23.0 cm and height 140 cm. THe pressure is 108 kPa and the temperature is 294 K. How many grams of laughing gas are in the cylinder?  

4.00L of ammonia gas in a container holds 2.17mol at 206kPa.  What is the temperature inside the container?

HOMEWORKp.487­488 # 12­14

Page 14: The Gas Laws - Algonquin & Lakeshoreschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/wallekat/sch3u/Spring 2014... · The Gas Laws What type of ... (answer 18.8 atm) Combined Gas Law Boyle's

How many kg of chlorine gas are contained in 87.6 m 3 at 290K and 2.4 atm?

p.488 # 13

BBT (2 min)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVdy8HOhGWQ

Nova: Absolute Zero (1 hr 43 min)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2jSv8PDDwA&feature=related

7:34 Boyle15:30 Temperature Pressure Experiments

Charles' Law Glove Experiment robertburkottawa (4 min)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkRIKGN3i0k

Getting to Absolute Zero (11 min)Nobel prize in Physicshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7xp_hHbDUs