The Latest from the Fung Institute Patent Lab

Gabe Fierro, Lee Fleming, Kevin Johnson, Aditya Kaulagi, Guan

Cheng Li, Sophia Pham, Bill Yeh

SAB: Stu Graham (Ga Tech), David Kappos (Cravath, Swain and

Moore), Jeff Oldham (Google)

Agenda • Lab’s technology and research trajectories • Semantic distance and application to noncompete knowledge flow citation model

• Interface demonstration of (soon to be) weekly updates • Last minute recap for everyone who walked in late

–  We’ll be here through and after Heidi’s presentation

• Everything here is/will eventually be on (can subscribe): –  http://www.funginstitute.berkeley.edu/blog-categories/faculty-directors-blog#

• Advertisement for collaborators! Post docs and visiting positions available particularly if you’re a social scientist who can code…

Mobility mapper: http://funglab.berkeley.edu/mobility/

• Static: from Harvard DVN database • Larger states • Immigration into MI in 1987 (one inventor from Illinois):

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1982

Contrast with emigration in same time period

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http://funglab.berkeley.edu/cleantechx/

Variety of states

Clean Tech Patent Mapper

•  Static: Harvard DVN data: http://funglab.berkeley.edu/cleantechx/ •  Dataset built by Ken Younge (Purdue) and Kathryn Paisner (IP Checkups) •  Energy: wind, solar, bio, hydro, geo, nuclear

•  Assignee: VC backed, university, government, large and small incumbents, no assignee •  Time period; distance from large city

VC patents 1990-1999

Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Clean Energy: Nanda, Younge, Fleming

VC patents 2000-2009

Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Clean Energy: Nanda, Younge, Fleming

See Nanda, R. and K. Younge, L. Fleming. “Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Clean Energy,” Forthcoming at Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, NBER.

Research: blocking patents •  Replace prior art citations as measure of importance

Graph of blocking actions in patent applications, from uniform random sampling (~1/50) of PAIR applications. Geron Corporation’s patent number 6,093,809, Telomerase, appears to have blocked three other patent applications. The patent is co-owned by CU Boulder and was invented by Thomas R. Cech, of Boulder CO, and Joachim Lingner, of Epalinges, Switzerland.

Research: blocking networks

Tagging

•  Develop list of words that differentiates each patent from claims, abstract, and description

•  Application in finding “control” patents •  Will demonstrate with Furman-Stern knowledge diffusion model

Tagging: matrix representation

Tagging - High-Dimensional Feature Selection

• X: of dimension 5 million by 2 million • β: feature vector • y: response vector • Find the very few features that best predict y

Advantage: sparse regression, automatic stop-word removal, computation efficiency

Tagging example

Research: cluster visualizations •  Using patent tags, we can “plot” patents in N-dimensions •  DBSCAN algorithm

–  find clusters of patents with similar tags

•  Plot in 2D/3D by projecting patents onto vectors of most differentiating tags (PCA dimensionality reduction)

Research: space visualizations

Research: space visualizations – zoom in or out

Research: Mapping the Flow of Technology

Demonstration of semantic distance •  Many measures of “distance” •  Treatment patents = all MI 1975-1984 •  Control patents:

–  non-enforcing state –  within 6 months of treatment –  closest technological “distance”

•  Expect increase in citations after 1985 –  expect mediation by mobile inventors –  Mean trmt/cntl cites 2.73 and 3.045 before; 7.86 and 7.67 after.

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Histograms of distance measure

Figure 4: All Jaccard similarities greater than or equal to 0.2 for the Michigan treatment sample, relative to all U.S. patents (.00000002348% of all dyads) .

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2030

Density

0 .2 .4 .6similarity

Full sample of ~17,000 patents

Descriptive Furman-Stern diffusion model

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1975   1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010   2015  

Figure 3: Average differences in citations for a matched sample of 384 patents: citations to Michigan patents from other non-enforcing states minus the citations to control patents from other non-enforcing states (not including the control patent’s home state and self-citations).

Technology (Feb. 2014) •  ~ Monthly download of grant + application data

–  parse, clean, build database1975- (thanks Gabe!) –  disambiguation of:

•  inventors (whole new algorithm by GC) •  geography •  Jaro-Winkler assignee and lawyer

–  public access via API or .csv query –  consistent inventor identifiers

Grants 1975-current (soon apps too): http://funglab.berkeley.edu/database/

Search criteria and filters

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Summary • Technology and research trajectories • Semantic distance • Interface demonstration of (soon to be) weekly updates • Last minute recap for everyone who walked in late

–  We’ll be here through and after Heidi’s presentation

• Everything here is/will eventually be on (can subscribe): –  http://www.funginstitute.berkeley.edu/blog-categories/faculty-directors-blog#

• Advertisement for collaborators! Post docs and visiting positions available particularly if you’re a social scientist who can code…